Course Code and Name: Introduction to

Mechatronics Lab (ME-332L) Date:

Lab No: 09 Course Instructor: Engr. Zia Ur Rahman

Name of Student: Semester: 6th

Registration No: Department: Mechanical Engineering

Lab Task To generate a frequency of 2500 Hz

1. To learn how to generate a frequency

Objectives 2. To learn how to generate delays using TMOD
3. To familiar with TMOD and how it works

 STC AT89C51 Microcontroller

 Development Board
 Keil µ vision IDE
Hardware
 Prog-ISP
and Software  Wires
Requirements  LEDs
 Oscilloscope
 Proteus

Theory Microcontroller:
A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in
an embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input/output
(I/O) peripherals on a single chip.

Microcontroller 8051:
8051 microcontrollers are designed by Intel in 1981. It is an 8-bit microcontroller. It is built with
40 pins DIP (dual inline package), 4kb of ROM storage and 128 bytes of RAM storage, 2 16-bit
timers. It consists of are four parallel 8-bit ports, which are programmable as well as addressable
as per the requirement. An on-chip crystal oscillator is integrated in the microcontroller having
crystal frequency of 12 MHz.

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TMOD:
Both timers 0 and 1 use the same register, called TMOD (timer mode), to set the various timer
operation modes. The lower 4 bits are for Timer 0 The upper 4 bits are for Timer 1 In each case,
the lower 2 bits are used to set the timer mode. The upper 2 bits to specify the operation.

Fig. Operating Mode

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 Diagram:

Fig. Development Board with AT89C51 Microcontroller

Procedure  The hardware way of starting and stopping the timer by an external source is
achieved by making GATE=1 in the TMOD register
 Load the TMOD value register indicating which timer (timer 0 or timer 1) is to be
used, and the timer mode (mode 2) is selected
 Load the TH registers with the initial count value
 Start timer
 Keep monitoring the timer flag (TF) with the JNB TFx, target instruction to see
whether it is raised
 Get out of the loop when TF goes high
 Clear the TF flag
 Go back to Step4, since mode 2 is auto-reload

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Connection Diagram:

Fig. Connection Diagram

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Programming Write an 8051 C program to create a frequency of 2500 Hz on pin P2.7. Use Timer 1,
Code mode 2 to create delay.

Results and
Conclusions

Prepared by Tanveer Uz Zaman