Name:‌I‌ ris‌‌Ou‌‌ ‌Date:‌‌‌1/11/21‌‌ ‌Period:‌2‌  

‌ ‌
Cellular‌‌Respiration‌‌Test‌‌Review‌  ‌
‌ quation‌‌to‌‌respiration:‌  ‌
Write‌‌the‌‌‌balanced‌e
C6H12O6‌‌+‌‌6O2‌‌→‌‌6H20‌‌+‌‌6CO2‌‌+‌‌ATP‌  ‌
1. If‌‌a‌‌cell‌‌breaks‌‌down‌‌4‌‌molecules‌‌of‌‌glucose‌‌through‌‌respiration,‌‌how‌‌many‌‌molecules‌‌of‌‌water‌‌will‌‌ 
it‌‌release?‌H ‌ int:‌‌Look‌‌at‌‌the‌‌balanced‌‌equation‌‌you‌‌wrote!‌  ‌
24‌‌molecules‌‌of‌‌water‌  ‌
  ‌
2.‌‌Bromothymol‌‌Blue‌‌as‌‌an‌‌Indicator‌‌for‌‌Cellular‌‌Processes‌  ‌
Bromothymol‌‌blue‌‌is‌‌a‌‌commonly‌‌used‌‌indicator‌‌that‌‌can‌‌detect‌‌the‌‌presence‌‌of‌‌CO‌2‌‌ ‌and‌‌oxygen.‌ W ‌ hen‌‌CO‌2‌‌ 
is‌‌present,‌‌the‌‌bromothymol‌‌blue‌‌is‌‌yellow‌a‌ nd‌‌when‌‌‌O2‌‌ is‌ ‌ p
‌ resent‌ t
‌ he‌b
‌ romothymol‌ b
‌ lue‌i
‌ s‌b
‌ lue‌
. ‌‌If‌b
‌ oth‌‌‌are‌‌ 
present,‌‌the‌‌tube‌‌will‌‌be‌g
‌ reen.‌‌‌The‌‌lab‌‌set‌‌up‌‌below‌‌shows‌‌sealed‌‌test‌‌tubes‌‌filled‌‌with‌‌bromothymol‌‌blue‌‌ 
and‌‌living‌‌samples.‌ ‌One‌‌set‌‌up‌‌is‌‌left‌‌in‌‌the‌‌light‌‌and‌‌the‌‌other‌‌is‌‌left‌‌in‌‌the‌‌dark.‌ U
‌ sing‌‌colored‌‌pencils,‌‌draw‌‌ 
what‌‌would‌‌happen‌‌to‌‌each‌‌tube‌‌by‌‌coloring‌‌in‌‌the‌‌tubes‌‌of‌‌bromothymol‌‌blue‌‌in‌‌the‌‌experiment‌‌below.‌‌   ‌
 ‌
Left‌‌in‌‌the‌‌‌light‌  ‌ Left‌‌in‌‌the‌d
‌ ark‌  ‌

   

  ‌
2. Mitochondrial‌‌Structure‌  ‌
The‌‌mitochondria‌‌is‌‌known‌‌as‌‌the‌‌powerhouse‌‌of‌‌the‌‌cell.‌ ‌We‌ 
know‌‌now‌‌that‌‌the‌‌mitochondria‌‌is‌‌much‌‌more‌‌than‌‌that,‌‌it‌‌is‌‌the‌‌ 
cell‌‌part‌‌that‌‌takes‌‌in‌‌chemical‌‌energy‌‌in‌‌the‌‌form‌‌of‌‌glucose‌‌and‌‌ 
converts‌‌that‌‌chemical‌‌energy‌‌into‌‌usable‌‌ATP.‌‌ ‌The‌‌mitochondria‌‌ 
is‌‌specially‌‌designed‌‌with‌‌a‌‌unique‌‌structure‌‌to‌‌do‌‌this‌‌function.‌  ‌
Inside‌‌the‌‌mitochondria‌‌is‌‌the‌‌cristae‌‌which‌‌is‌‌folded‌‌over‌‌to‌‌ 
increase‌‌surface‌‌area‌‌to‌‌produce‌‌as‌‌much‌‌ATP‌‌as‌‌possible.‌   ‌ ‌
1. On‌‌the‌‌mitochondria‌‌label‌‌the‌‌cristae.‌3‌  ‌ ‌
2. How‌‌does‌‌the‌‌structure‌‌of‌‌the‌‌mitochondria‌‌relate‌‌to‌‌its‌‌ 
function?‌‌T ‌ he‌‌structure‌‌of‌‌mitochondria‌‌is‌‌folded‌‌so‌‌there‌‌ 
is‌‌more‌‌space‌‌for‌‌atp‌‌production.‌  ‌
3. ATP‌‌synthase‌‌is‌‌an‌‌enzyme‌‌responsible‌‌for‌‌producing‌‌ 
ATP.‌‌Label‌‌which‌‌structure‌‌it‌‌would‌‌be‌‌found‌‌in‌‌the‌‌ 
mitochondria‌‌image‌‌to‌‌maximize‌‌the‌‌amount‌‌of‌‌ATP‌‌made.‌‌ ‌1 ‌ ‌
  ‌
    ‌
 
 
  ‌
3. ATP‌  ‌
ATP‌‌stands‌‌for‌A ‌ denosine‌‌Triphosphate‌.‌ ‌This‌‌ 
molecule‌‌is‌‌known‌‌as‌‌‌usable‌‌energy‌‌‌or‌‌the‌‌energy‌‌ 
currency‌‌of‌‌the‌‌cell.‌ ‌I‌‌remember‌‌ATP‌‌stands‌‌for‌‌All‌‌ 
that‌‌Power.‌‌Like‌‌all‌‌molecules‌‌in‌‌the‌‌human‌‌body‌‌ATP‌‌ 
has‌‌a‌‌unique‌‌structure‌‌that‌‌allows‌‌it‌‌to‌‌perform‌‌its‌‌ 
function.‌‌   ‌
You‌‌can‌‌see‌‌in‌‌the‌‌ATP‌‌diagram‌‌you‌‌can‌‌see‌a‌  ‌‌
molecule‌‌of‌‌adenosine‌‌and‌‌a‌‌molecule‌‌of‌‌ribose‌‌with‌‌ 
three‌‌phosphates‌‌attached.‌‌ ‌The‌‌bond‌‌between‌‌the‌‌ 
second‌‌and‌‌third‌‌is‌‌unstable‌‌and‌‌therefore‌‌holds‌‌a‌‌lot‌‌ 
of‌‌energy.‌ T‌ his‌‌high‌‌energy‌‌bond‌‌is‌‌broken‌‌and‌‌ 
releases‌‌energy‌‌to‌‌be‌‌used‌‌for‌‌movement,‌‌digestion,‌‌ 
and‌‌all‌‌processes‌‌in‌‌the‌‌body‌. ‌ ‌
When‌‌ATP‌‌is‌‌used‌‌for‌‌energy‌‌it‌‌becomes‌‌ADP‌‌ 
or‌‌Adenosine‌‌Diphosphate.‌‌This‌‌means‌‌that‌‌only‌‌two‌‌ 
phosphates‌‌are‌‌attached‌‌to‌‌the‌‌molecule,‌‌which‌‌is‌‌ 
now‌‌at‌‌a‌‌much‌‌lower‌‌energy‌‌level.‌‌The‌‌resulting‌‌ADP‌‌ 
molecule‌‌is‌‌like‌‌a‌‌dead‌‌battery‌‌that‌‌needs‌‌to‌‌be‌‌ 
recharged.‌ ‌Cellular‌‌Respiration‌‌is‌‌the‌‌process‌‌by‌‌ 
which‌‌ADP‌‌is‌‌recharged‌‌to‌‌ATP.‌  ‌
 ‌
● Circle‌‌ATP‌‌in‌‌the‌‌diagram.‌  ‌
● Which‌‌molecule‌‌has‌‌the‌‌most‌‌energy?‌‌ADP‌‌or‌‌ATP?‌A ‌ TP‌  ‌
● What‌‌process‌‌recharges‌‌the‌‌ADP‌‌by‌‌adding‌‌a‌‌phosphate‌‌to‌‌the‌‌molecule?‌R ‌ espiration‌  ‌
● Highlight‌‌(or‌‌star)‌‌the‌‌location‌‌of‌‌the‌‌high-energy‌‌bond‌‌in‌‌the‌‌diagram.‌‌   ‌
  ‌
4.‌‌Secondary‌‌Productivity‌  ‌
1.Define‌‌net‌‌secondary‌‌productivity‌‌(NSP).‌‌Which‌‌organisms‌‌do‌‌we‌‌calculate‌‌this‌‌for?‌  ‌
The‌‌gain‌‌by‌‌consumers‌‌in‌‌energy‌‌or‌‌biomass‌‌per‌‌unit‌‌area‌‌per‌‌unit‌‌time‌‌remaining‌‌after‌‌allowing‌‌for‌‌ 
respiratory‌‌losses.‌‌It‌‌is‌‌used‌‌for‌‌Animals.‌  ‌
2.‌‌How‌‌do‌‌you‌‌calculate‌‌net‌‌secondary‌‌productivity‌‌(NSP)?‌  ‌
(final‌‌mass)‌‌-‌‌( inital‌‌mass)‌  ‌
3.‌‌Define‌‌gross‌‌secondary‌‌productivity.‌‌Which‌‌organisms‌‌do‌‌we‌‌calculate‌‌this‌‌for?‌  ‌
the‌‌total‌‌energy/biomass‌‌assimulated‌‌by‌‌consumers;‌‌It‌‌is‌‌used‌‌for‌‌Animals‌  ‌
4.‌‌How‌‌do‌‌you‌‌calculate‌‌gross‌‌secondary‌‌productivity?‌  ‌
(food‌‌eaten)‌‌-‌‌(waste)‌  ‌
5.‌‌How‌‌would‌‌you‌‌calculate‌‌respiration?‌  ‌
GSP‌‌-‌‌NSP‌‌   ‌
    ‌
 
Mealworm‌‌Data‌‌   ‌
Date‌  ‌ Mass‌‌of‌‌mealworms‌‌(g)‌  ‌ Mass‌‌of‌‌potato‌‌(g)‌  ‌ Mass‌‌of‌‌waste‌  ‌

12/7/18‌  ‌ 6.0‌  ‌ 6.0‌  ‌ 9.0‌  ‌

12/13/18‌  ‌ 7.0‌  ‌ 3.0‌  ‌ 10.‌  ‌

6.‌‌Calculate‌N ‌ SP‌‌‌using‌‌the‌‌table‌‌above.‌‌   ‌
7‌‌-‌‌6‌‌=‌‌1.0‌‌g ‌ ‌
7.‌‌Calculate‌G ‌ SP‌u‌ sing‌‌the‌‌table‌‌above.‌‌   ‌
3‌‌-‌‌1‌‌=‌‌2.0‌‌g ‌ ‌
8.‌‌Calculate‌R ‌ espiration‌  ‌
2‌‌-‌‌1‌‌=‌‌1.o‌‌g ‌ ‌
  ‌
Anaerobic‌‌Respiration:‌‌Use‌‌the‌‌table‌‌to‌‌compare‌‌aerobic‌‌and‌‌anaerobic‌‌respiration‌  ‌
Aerobic‌‌Respiration‌  ‌ Both‌  ‌ Anaerobic‌‌Respiration‌  ‌

● Occurs‌‌in‌‌the‌‌mitochondria‌  ‌ ● Energy‌‌is‌‌  ● Occurs‌‌in‌‌the‌‌cytoplasm‌  ‌

● 36-38‌‌ATP‌‌is‌‌produced‌  ‌ released‌  ‌ ● Lactic‌‌acid‌‌is‌‌produced‌  ‌
● Water‌‌is‌‌a‌‌product‌  ‌ ● Glucose‌‌is‌‌broken‌‌  ● 2‌‌ATP‌‌are‌‌produced‌  ‌
● Requires‌‌oxygen‌  ‌ down‌  ‌ ● Fermentation‌  ‌
● Doesn’t‌‌require‌‌oxygen‌  ‌
  ‌
Carbon‌‌Cycle‌  ‌
Carbon‌‌is‌‌found‌‌in‌‌all‌‌living‌‌things.‌C
‌ arbon‌‌atoms‌‌move‌‌constantly‌‌‌through‌‌living‌‌organisms‌‌ 
(biosphere),‌‌the‌‌oceans‌‌(hydrosphere),‌‌the‌‌air‌‌(atmosphere),‌‌and‌‌the‌‌Earth’s‌‌crust‌‌(lithosphere)‌‌in‌‌what‌‌is‌‌ 
known‌‌as‌‌the‌‌carbon‌‌cycle.‌‌The‌‌directions‌‌taken‌‌by‌‌carbon‌‌atoms‌‌through‌‌this‌‌cycle‌‌are‌‌very‌‌ 
complicated‌‌and‌‌can‌‌take‌‌millions‌‌of‌‌years‌‌to‌‌make‌‌a‌‌full‌‌circle.‌   ‌ ‌
1. Match‌‌the‌‌spheres‌‌with‌‌what‌‌is‌‌found‌‌in‌‌them‌‌and‌‌what‌‌form‌‌of‌‌carbon‌‌would‌‌be‌‌found.‌  ‌
a. Hydrosphere‌‌‌-‌‌Oceans,‌‌liquid‌  ‌ c. Lithosphere‌‌‌-‌‌soild,‌‌soil‌  ‌
b. Atmosphere‌‌‌-‌‌Air,‌‌Gas‌  ‌ d. Biosphere‌‌‌-‌‌Carbohydrates,‌‌solid‌  ‌
Process‌‌Descriptions:‌  ‌
● Combustion‌‌‌-‌‌Movement‌‌of‌‌carbon‌‌from‌‌organic‌‌materials‌‌(biosphere)‌‌and‌‌fossil‌‌fuels‌‌into‌‌the‌‌ 
atmosphere‌‌as‌‌CO2‌‌through‌‌burning‌  ‌
● Consumption‌‌‌-‌‌Movement‌‌of‌‌carbon‌‌from‌‌the‌‌biosphere‌‌(plants)‌‌to‌‌the‌‌biosphere‌‌(animals)‌‌ 
through‌‌eating‌  ‌
● Decomposition‌‌‌-‌‌Break‌‌down‌‌of‌‌carbon‌‌in‌‌dead‌‌organic‌‌material‌‌(biosphere)‌‌by‌‌fungi‌‌and‌‌ 
bacteria‌‌and‌‌depositing‌‌it‌‌in‌‌to‌‌soil‌‌(lithosphere)‌  ‌
● Deposition‌‌‌-‌‌The‌‌shells‌‌of‌‌the‌‌dead‌‌sea‌‌creatures‌‌fall‌‌to‌‌the‌‌bottom‌‌of‌‌the‌‌ocean‌‌to‌‌later‌‌become‌‌ 
limestone‌‌or‌‌chalk‌  ‌
● Diffusion‌‌‌-‌‌Movement‌‌of‌‌carbon‌‌from‌‌the‌‌atmosphere‌‌CO2‌‌to‌‌the‌‌hydrosphere‌‌by‌‌oceans‌‌taking‌‌ 
in‌‌CO2‌‌from‌‌the‌‌air.‌  ‌
● Fossilization‌‌‌-‌‌Carbon‌‌in‌‌dead‌‌organic‌‌matter‌‌under‌‌high‌‌pressure‌‌becomes‌‌fossil‌‌fuels‌‌such‌‌as‌‌ 
coal‌‌or‌‌oil‌‌and‌‌fossils.‌  ‌
 
● Photosynthesis‌‌‌-‌‌Movement‌‌of‌‌carbon‌‌from‌‌the‌‌atmosphere‌‌as‌‌CO2‌‌into‌‌plants(biosphere)‌‌as‌‌ 
glucose‌  ‌
● Respiration‌‌‌-‌‌Movement‌‌of‌‌carbon‌‌from‌‌the‌‌biosphere‌‌(animals)‌‌into‌‌the‌‌atmosphere‌‌as‌‌CO2‌  ‌
2.‌‌Label‌‌the‌‌diagram‌‌below‌‌with‌‌the‌‌processes‌‌showing‌‌carbon‌‌being‌‌stored‌‌or‌‌released:‌  ‌

3.‌‌Fill‌‌in‌‌the‌‌diagram‌‌below‌‌with‌‌the‌‌correct‌‌reactants,‌‌products,‌‌and‌‌processes:‌  ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌
 ‌