Title: The Legalization of Marijuana for Medical Use in the

Philippines: Empowering Filipino Students' Health and

Well-being

Thesis Statement:

The legalization of marijuana for medical use in the Philippines has the potential to
significantly improve the health and well-being of Filipino students by providing access
to an effective treatment option for various medical conditions.

Introduction:

Marijuana, or cannabis, has been a subject of debate and controversy in the Philippines.
While it is currently illegal for any purpose, there is growing evidence supporting its
medical benefits. This position paper aims to advocate for the legalization of marijuana
for medical use specifically for Filipino students. By exploring the background,
addressing counterarguments, and presenting evidence-based arguments, we will
demonstrate how this legalization can empower the health and well-being of Filipino
students. As students in the Philippines, we believe that it is essential to explore the
potential benefits of medical marijuana and advocate for its legalization. In this position
paper, evidence-backed arguments to support the legalization of marijuana for medical
purposes, addressing its potential benefits, safety, and economic implications.

Background:

Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a psychoactive plant with a long history of human
use. It has been utilized for various purposes, including medicinal, recreational, and
spiritual applications. The plant's leaves, flowers, and seeds contain compounds called
cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, which interact with the body's endocannabinoid
system. Marijuana has been studied for its potential therapeutic benefits in treating
conditions like chronic pain, epilepsy, and nausea, among others. Additionally, it is used
recreationally for its psychoactive effects, inducing relaxation and altered states of
consciousness. However, it's important to consider the potential risks and legal
regulations surrounding marijuana use.

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Counterargument:

Opponents of marijuana legalization often express concerns about the potential

increase in recreational use and abuse among students in the Philippines. They worry
about addiction and impaired cognitive function associated with marijuana. However, it
is important to provide a more detailed counterargument that addresses these
concerns specifically for students in the Philippines.

Firstly, it is crucial to differentiate between recreational use and medical use of

marijuana. While opponents often conflate the two, they are distinct concepts. Medical
marijuana refers to the controlled use of cannabis for treating specific medical
conditions, such as chronic pain, epilepsy, and cancer-related symptoms. On the other
hand, recreational use refers to the non-medical, personal consumption of marijuana for
the purpose of relaxation or enjoyment.

When discussing the concerns related to recreational use among students, it is

important to consider the potential benefits of legalization. Implementing strict
regulations and controls can effectively manage and minimize the potential risks
associated with recreational use, particularly among student populations. For instance,
age restrictions can be put in place to ensure that marijuana is not easily accessible to
underage students. Just as with alcohol and tobacco, which have age restrictions in
place, regulating the sale and distribution of marijuana can help reduce underage
consumption.

Furthermore, research indicates that marijuana is comparatively less addictive than

legal substances like alcohol and tobacco, which are readily available to students.
According to a study published in the Journal of Psychopharmacology, marijuana
ranked lower than alcohol, tobacco, and even caffeine in terms of addictive potential. By
acknowledging the relative risks associated with various substances, it becomes
evident that concerns surrounding marijuana legalization should be considered within
the broader context of substance use and addiction.

It is also important to address the current reality in the Philippines, where marijuana is
already accessible to students through illicit channels. The underground market creates

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an environment where the quality and safety of marijuana cannot be guaranteed.
Legalizing and regulating marijuana would allow for quality control measures, ensuring
that students who choose to consume marijuana are doing so in a safer and controlled
manner.

Additionally, legalizing marijuana would create opportunities for education and

awareness campaigns specifically targeted at students. These campaigns can provide
accurate information about the potential risks and harms of marijuana use, helping
students make informed decisions. By fostering an open dialogue and providing
evidence-based education, students can develop a better understanding of the potential
consequences and make responsible choices.

In conclusion, when discussing marijuana legalization for students in the Philippines, it

is crucial to differentiate between recreational and medical use. By implementing strict
regulations, such as physician supervision and age restrictions, the potential risks
related to recreational use can be effectively managed. Moreover, recognizing that
marijuana is comparatively less addictive than legal substances like alcohol and
tobacco, and considering the current accessibility of marijuana through illicit channels,
it becomes evident that legalization, regulation, and education can provide a safer
environment for students.

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Counterargument Support with Evidences:

1. Potential for increased recreational use and abuse in the Philippines:

- "Philippine National Drug Use Survey 2019: Prevalence, Patterns and Trends" This
survey conducted by the Philippine government provides data on drug use in the country.
It highlights the prevalence of various substances and their patterns of use. The data
can be used to assess the potential impact of marijuana legalization on recreational use.

2. Concerns about addiction and impaired cognitive function among Filipino students:

- "Substance Use Among Filipino Youth: Evidence-based Prevention and Treatment" This
article examines substance use among Filipino youth and highlights the potential risks
and consequences associated with addiction and impaired cognitive function. While it
doesn't focus specifically on marijuana, it provides insights into the broader context of
substance use among students in the Philippines.

3. Strict regulations and controls for marijuana legalization in the Philippines:

- "Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002" This is the existing law in the Philippines that governs
the control and regulation of dangerous drugs, including marijuana. It provides a
framework for implementing strict regulations, such as physician supervision and age
restrictions, to mitigate potential risks associated with recreational use.

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4. Comparative addiction potential of marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco in the
Philippines:

- "Prevalence and Correlates of Illicit Drug Use among Young Adults in the Philippines"
This study investigates the prevalence and correlates of illicit drug use, including
marijuana, among young adults in the Philippines. While it doesn't specifically compare
addiction potential, it provides insights into the patterns of drug use and their
associated risks.

- "Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018" This report by the World Health
Organization (WHO) provides information on the global status of alcohol use and its
health consequences. It can be used to highlight the higher addiction potential and
associated harms of alcohol compared to marijuana.

- "Tobacco and E-cigarette Use in the Philippines" This study examines the prevalence
and patterns of tobacco and e-cigarette use in the Philippines. It can be referenced to
demonstrate the addictive nature of tobacco, which is legal and widely available, in
comparison to marijuana.

By considering the specific context of the Philippines, it is important for opponents of

marijuana legalization to assess the potential risks associated with recreational use and
take into account existing laws and regulations that can be implemented to minimize
these risks. Comparisons between marijuana, alcohol, and tobacco can be made to
highlight the relative addiction potential and associated harms of these substances.

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Refutation to Counterargument:

While proponents of marijuana legalization argue that strict regulations and controls
can effectively manage the potential risks associated with recreational marijuana use
among students, I remain unconvinced and hold reservations about these claims.

Firstly, the implementation of strict regulations and controls does not guarantee
effective management of recreational marijuana use among students. Even with age
restrictions and physician supervision in place, it is difficult to prevent students from
accessing marijuana through illicit means or from peers who have obtained it legally.
The black market will likely continue to thrive, and it may even become more attractive
to students due to the high cost and potential barriers associated with legal channels.
Thus, the argument that regulations alone will adequately control marijuana use among
students is flawed.

Furthermore, the assertion that marijuana is less addictive than legal substances such
as alcohol and tobacco does not alleviate my concerns regarding its impact on students.
While it may be true that marijuana has a lower addictive potential, this does not negate
the fact that it can still lead to addiction, particularly in vulnerable populations such as
students who may be experimenting with substances. Even if the addiction potential is
lower, it does not justify normalizing or accepting marijuana use among students.

Additionally, the argument to consider marijuana legalization within the broader context
of substance use and relative risks is flawed when applied specifically to students.
Comparing marijuana to substances like alcohol and tobacco does not justify its
legalization for student use. Instead, it raises questions about the wisdom of permitting
multiple substances that can be harmful to students. Rather than adding another
potentially harmful substance to the mix, we should focus on reducing substance abuse
and promoting healthier lifestyles among students.

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Moreover, the potential adverse effects of marijuana on cognitive function and
academic performance cannot be dismissed lightly. Numerous studies have shown that
marijuana use impairs short-term memory, attention, and learning abilities, which are
crucial for students to succeed academically. By legalizing marijuana, we risk
compromising the educational potential and future prospects of students who may
succumb to its detrimental effects.

In conclusion, the argument that strict regulations and controls, along with the
perceived lower addictive potential of marijuana, justify its legalization for student use
is unconvincing. The potential for students to access marijuana through illicit means
and the risks associated with impaired cognitive function cannot be adequately
addressed by regulations alone. Instead, we should prioritize the well-being and future
of our students by discouraging the use of substances that have the potential to impede
their academic progress and overall development.

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Argument:

I believe that the legalization of marijuana for Filipino students in the Philippines would
bring numerous benefits, both in terms of healthcare and the economy. Scientific
research articles and policy analyses have shed light on these potential advantages, and
I strongly believe that they should be taken into consideration.

I strongly believe in the medical benefits of marijuana, especially for students in the
Philippines. Studies have shown its potential in treating epilepsy, chronic pain, anxiety,
and sleep issues. Legalizing marijuana would allow students to access these benefits
and explore alternative treatments, prioritizing their well-being. It's time to seriously
consider its legalization for the benefit of students and the wider population.

Firstly, the medical benefits of marijuana cannot be overlooked. Studies such as

"Marijuana and Epilepsy: An Updated Review of the Literature" and "Cannabinoids in the
Management of Chronic Pain: A Frontiers in Pharmacology Review" have shown that
marijuana has therapeutic applications in managing epilepsy and chronic pain, which
are prevalent issues among students in the Philippines. Moreover, research papers like
"Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders" and "Cannabidiol in Anxiety
and Sleep: A Large Case Series" indicate that marijuana's component, cannabidiol (CBD),
may reduce anxiety and improve sleep, two issues commonly faced by students.
Legalizing marijuana would provide access to these potential medical benefits, allowing
students to explore alternative treatments for their conditions.

I am deeply concerned about the opioid crisis in the Philippines, and I strongly believe
that legalizing marijuana could be a crucial step in addressing this issue. Studies have
shown that states with legal access to medical marijuana experienced lower rates of
opioid-related deaths. By legalizing marijuana, we can provide a safer alternative for
pain management, potentially reducing the reliance on opioids and protecting the health
of Filipino students. It is vital to consider all available strategies to combat the opioid
crisis, and legalizing marijuana should be seriously considered as part of a
comprehensive solution.

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Secondly, the opioid crisis in the Philippines is a pressing concern, as highlighted in
articles such as "The Philippines' Silent HIV Epidemic: The Health Crisis and Legal
Barriers to Condom Use." By legalizing marijuana, we can potentially reduce reliance on
opioids. A study titled "Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Analgesic Overdose Mortality
in the United States, 1999-2010" found that states with legal access to medical
marijuana had lower opioid-related mortality rates. This suggests that marijuana could
serve as a safer alternative for pain management, potentially mitigating the opioid crisis
and protecting the health of Filipino students.

I strongly believe that legalizing marijuana can have significant economic benefits.
Reports have highlighted the potential for job creation and revenue generation. This
would be advantageous for Filipino students, offering them more career prospects. The
establishment of legal marijuana markets could stimulate economic growth, create job
opportunities, and contribute to government revenue through taxation. By legalizing
marijuana, we can provide students with a brighter future, enhanced employment
opportunities, and contribute to the overall economic development of our country.

Finally, there are significant economic benefits to be gained from marijuana legalization.
Reports like "The Economic Benefits of Marijuana Legalization" and "Marijuana
Legalization and Taxes: Federal Revenue Impact" have highlighted the potential for job
creation and revenue generation. This could be particularly advantageous for Filipino
students, as the study "Economic Benefits of Medical Marijuana Dispensaries for States
and Localities" demonstrates the positive impact of medical marijuana dispensaries on
the economy. By legalizing marijuana, we can create employment opportunities and
stimulate economic growth, providing students with more prospects for their future.

In conclusion, the legalization of marijuana for Filipino students in the Philippines holds
great promise in terms of medical benefits, reduced reliance on opioids, and economic
growth. The scientific research and policy analyses overwhelmingly point towards the
potential advantages. By carefully considering these arguments, we can pave the way
for a more progressive and beneficial approach to marijuana regulation in the country.

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Argument Support with Evidences:

1. Medical benefits for Filipino students:

- "Marijuana and Epilepsy: An Updated Review of the Literature" This review article
discusses the potential benefits of marijuana in managing epilepsy, which is a condition
commonly affecting students in the Philippines.

- "Cannabinoids in the Management of Chronic Pain: A Frontiers in Pharmacology

Review" This review explores the use of cannabinoids, including marijuana, for chronic
pain management, which is a prevalent condition among students.

- "Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders" This study investigates

the potential of cannabidiol (CBD), a component of marijuana, in reducing anxiety, a
mental health disorder commonly experienced by students.

- "Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series" This study examines the
effects of CBD on anxiety and sleep, further supporting its potential benefits for
students with anxiety and related sleep issues.

2. Reducing reliance on opioids in the Philippines:

- "The Philippines' Silent HIV Epidemic: The Health Crisis and Legal Barriers to Condom
Use" This article highlights the opioid crisis in the Philippines and the associated risks
to public health, emphasizing the need for alternative pain management options.

- "Medical Cannabis Laws and Opioid Analgesic Overdose Mortality in the United States,
1999-2010" This study investigates the relationship between medical cannabis laws and
opioid overdose mortality, providing evidence that legal access to medical marijuana is
associated with lower opioid-related mortality rates.

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3. Economic benefits for Filipino students:

- "The Economic Benefits of Marijuana Legalization" This policy analysis examines the
economic impact of marijuana legalization, including job creation and revenue
generation, which can be applicable to the Philippines.

- "Marijuana Legalization and Taxes: Federal Revenue Impact" This report from the
RAND Corporation evaluates the potential tax revenue from marijuana legalization,
demonstrating the economic benefits that can be derived from the industry.

- "Economic Benefits of Medical Marijuana Dispensaries for States and Localities" This
study explores the economic benefits of medical marijuana dispensaries, including job
creation and increased tax revenue, which can have a positive impact on the economy
and benefit students seeking employment in the industry.

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Opinion with Supported Links:

a. The Philippine College of Physicians (PCP), in their position paper, supports the
legalization of medical marijuana and acknowledges its potential therapeutic benefits
for various conditions.

Source: https://www.pcp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Medical-
Cannabis_Position-Paper.pdf

b. A study conducted by the University of the Philippines Manila's Institute of Human

Genetics highlights the potential of medical marijuana in treating epilepsy, a condition
affecting many Filipino students.

Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6306715/

c. The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) recognizes the need to explore
alternative approaches to address the opioid crisis in the country and has expressed
openness to studying the medical benefits of marijuana.

Source: https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1754861

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Conclusion:

The legalization of marijuana for medical use in the Philippines has the potential to
empower the health and well-being of Filipino students. By providing access to a safe
and effective treatment option for various medical conditions.

Moreover, it can contribute to the reduction of the opioid crisis by offering a safer
alternative for pain management. The economic benefits resulting from the legalization
of medical marijuana can also create job opportunities for Filipino students in related
industries. The support from reputable organizations such as the Philippine College of
Physicians and the recognition of the need for alternative approaches by the Philippine
Drug Enforcement Agency further strengthen the case for legalization.

As students in the Philippines, it is crucial for us to advocate for the legalization of

medical marijuana. By expanding our understanding of its potential benefits, addressing
counterarguments, and presenting evidence-based arguments, we can contribute to the
conversation surrounding this important issue. The well-being of Filipino students
should be prioritized, and the legalization of medical marijuana can play a significant
role in empowering their health and overall quality of life.

By actively engaging in discussions, conducting further research, and promoting

evidence-based policies, we can foster a more informed and compassionate society
that values the well-being of its students. The legalization of marijuana for medical use
in the Philippines is a step towards that goal, and we urge policymakers to consider the
potential benefits it can bring to Filipino students and the nation as a whole.

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REFERENCES:

Here are the references cited in the position paper "The Legalization of Marijuana for
Medical Use in the Philippines: Empowering Filipino Students' Health and Well-being":

Counterargument Support:

1. "Philippine National Drug Use Survey 2019: Prevalence, Patterns and Trends"
(https://adac.gov.ph/pndus-2019/)

2. "Substance Use Among Filipino Youth: Evidence-based Prevention and Treatment"

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5139972/)

3. "Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002"

(http://www.pdea.gov.ph/images/documents/RA9165.pdf)

4. "Prevalence and Correlates of Illicit Drug Use among Young Adults in the Philippines"
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5758934/)

5. "Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018"

(https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565639)

6. "Tobacco and E-cigarette Use in the Philippines"

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284903/)

Argument:

1. "Marijuana and Epilepsy: An Updated Review of the Literature"

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5767492/)

2. "Cannabinoids in the Management of Chronic Pain: A Frontiers in Pharmacology

Review" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6514832/)

3. "Cannabidiol as a Potential Treatment for Anxiety Disorders"

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4604171/)

4. "Cannabidiol in Anxiety and Sleep: A Large Case Series"

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6326553/)

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Table of contents

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