926核心词汇

926 核心词汇
1 abdicate ['æbdɪkeɪt]
v.退位、放弃
【真题例句】
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.”
2015 TEXT1
西班牙国王胡安•卡洛斯曾坚称“国王不会退位，他们只会在睡眠中死去。”
2 abide [ə'baɪd]
v.遵守、忍受
【真题例句】
The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in
Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to
abide by the strict nuclear regulations. 2012 TEXT2
该公司是新英格兰地区的一家主要能源供应商。当它上星期宣布将违背“遵守严格
的核安全条例”这一长期许诺时，在佛蒙特州激起了愤怒，这种愤怒合乎情理。
3 abolish [əˈ
bɒlɪʃ]
v.废除、取消
【真题例句】
This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required
them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. 2010
TEXT4
这项法律废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊教育要求，并要求他们从整个社区的各个阶
层中被随机挑选。
4 abound [ə'baʊnd]
v.充满；到处都是
【真题例句】
As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. 2011 TEXT2
随着经济复苏和好转，对有理想的领导来说，机会到处都是。
5 absolute ['æbsəlu:t]
adj.绝对的、专制的 3
【真题例句】
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion
industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. 2016 TEXT1
法国一向以作为全球时尚革新者为傲，如今它决定其时尚产业已经失去了定义女
性体型美的绝对权力。
6 absorb [əb'sɔ:rb]
v.吸收、承受
【真题例句】
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their
retirement income. 2007 TEXT3
在同一时期，家庭被要求在退休收入方面承受更多的风险。
7 abstract ['æbstrækt]
adj.抽象的
【真题例句】
But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the
elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the
abstract art so popular at the time. 2011 TEXT3
但它们因通风的玻璃外墙、室外的风景以及优雅的建筑细节和比例备受欢迎,这种
建筑风格与当时流行一时的抽象艺术颇为一致。
8 abundantly [ə'bʌndəntli]
adv.大量地、非常地
【真题例句】
Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other
members of the group. 2005 TEXT1
拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以完全让这些情绪非常清楚地传达给其它成员。
9 abuse [ə'bju:s]
v/n.虐待、滥用
【真题例句】
“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are
needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient
abuse.”
2002 TEXT4
很多医生似乎并不关心病人所遭受的那些可以预见且没有必要的痛苦，从该意义 4
上讲，这就构成了对于病人的 “系统性虐待”。
10 academic [ˌækə'demɪk]
adj.学术的
【真题例句】
Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the
gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable
than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. 2005 TEXT4
麦克沃特先生的学术专长是语言史和语言演变；他认为诸如“whom”这种单词的
逐渐消失是自然的，与古英语演变中的尾格消失一样，不足为憾。
11 accelerate [ək'seləˌreɪt]
v.加速、促进
【真题例句】
“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said.
2016 TEXT4
他说：“想办法加速转型对他们来说是明智之举。”
12 access ['ækses]
v/n.进入、使用
【真题例句】
The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling
agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW). 2016TEXT1
宪章的主要强制手段是拒绝设计师和模特代理机构进入哥本哈根时尚周（CFW）。
13 acclaim [ə'kleɪm]
v/n.称赞、喝彩
【真题例句】
Gilbert’s appointment has received acclaim. 2011 TEXT1
吉尔伯特的任命受到了称赞。
14 accommodate [əˈ
kɒmədeɪt]
v. 容纳、（使）适应
【真题例句】
Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both
sides of the immigration battle. 2013 TEXT2
适应这样一个人员流动的新世界需要移民斗争双方都有新的态度。5
15 accompany [ə'kʌmpəni]
v.陪伴、伴随
【真题例句】
Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and
believed. 2012 TEXT3
重复和确认已经被人们所知和深信的知识几乎不会伴随任何回报。
16 account [ə'kaʊnt]
v.占比、解释 n.账户、资料
【真题例句】
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future
management efforts must take into account. 2006 TEXT3
迈尔斯博士和沃尔姆博士认为他们的研究给出了正确的基准线，且未来管理努力
必须考虑该基准线。
17 accuracy ['ækjərəsi]
n.精确（性）、准确（性）
【真题例句】
There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery
with submillimeter accuracy -- far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can
achieve with their hands alone. 2002 TEXT2
已经有机器人系统可以操作一些亚毫米精度的头颅和骨骼手术——比技艺高度精
湛的医生徒手完成的还要精准得多。
18 achieve [ə'tʃi:v]
v.获得、实现
【真题例句】
The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all
countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as a
result, radically higher standards of living. 2009 TEXT3
一家研究机构的研究结果一致表明所有国家的工人都能在工作中通过训练以实现
生产力的根本提高和随之而来的生活水平的根本提高。
19 acknowledge [əkˈnɒlɪ
dʒ]
v.承认、认可
【真题例句】6
As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including
non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive. 2005 TEXT4
作为语言学家，他承认所有种类的人类语言（包括黑人英语这种非标准语言）都
是极具表达力的。
20 acquire [ə'kwaɪər]
v.获得、习得
【真题例句】
They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights
misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 2003
TEXT2
他们需要快速对编辑来信做出回应，以免动物权利错误信息毫无障碍的通过并且
获得欺骗性的真理表象。
21 activate ['æktɪ'veɪt]
v.刺激、激发
【真题例句】
Dawna Markova agrees that curiosity activates creative minds. 2009 TEXT1
戴万娜•玛孔瓦同意好奇心激发创造思维。
22 acute [ə'kju:t]
adj.严重的、急性的
【真题例句】
As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core.
2011 TEXT4
在这些长期问题之外，欧盟经济中心还面临一个急性的危机。
23 adaptable [ə'dæptəbl]
adj.适合的、能适应的
【真题例句】
“Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently
increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
2013 TEXT3
“（智人）被列为最不需要担忧的物种，因为该物种分布非常广泛，适应力强，目
前还在增长，并且没有导致其整体数量下降的主要威胁存在。”
24 adequate ['ædɪkwət]7
adj.充足的、充分的
【真题例句】
Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 2007 TEXT4
如果公司不能提供充分的数据安全，管理者就会采取措施。
25 adhere [əd'hɪr]
v.坚持、遵守
【真题例句】
For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive
CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. 2011 TEXT2
多年以来，管理者和猎头一直坚持这样一条原则：最有吸引力的 CEO 候选人是那
些必须被挖来的人。
26 adjoining [ə'dʒɔɪ
nɪŋ]
adj.邻接的、相邻的
【真题例句】
However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that
each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour
became markedly different. 2005 TEXT1
然而，当两只猴子被放在分开但相邻的笼子里时，所以一只会观察另一只用它的
石头换来了什么，它们的行为会变得明显不同。
27 adjust [ə'dʒʌst]
v.调整、适应
【真题例句】
Managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing
numbers of bigger, longer frames. 2008 TEXT3
管理者一直以来都非常乐意调整队服以适应越来越多更加高大的躯体。
28 administration [ədˌmɪ
nɪ'streɪʃn]
n.管理、（美国）政府
【真题例句】
The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out
Congress’s immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either. 2013
TEXT4
联邦政府其实是在宣称因为它不想执行国会的移民意愿，所以任何州也不允许这
样做。8
29 admire [əd'maɪər]
v.钦佩、欣赏
【真题例句】
During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music
critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller.
2010 TEXT1
然而，在他一生中，他也是英国最有名的古典音乐批评家之一，同时还是一位广
受钦佩的文体家，以至于他的《自传》（1947 年出版）畅销一时。
30 admit [əd'mɪt]
v.承认
【真题例句】
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much
businesses ought to spend on CSR. 2016 TEXT3
研究者承认他们的研究未能回答这个问题：企业应当花多少钱在 CSR 上。
31 adopt [əˈdɒpt]
v.收养、采纳
【真题例句】
Among the most popular:paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use
to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for
adoption.
2009 TEXT2
基因测试最流行的用途：亲子鉴定。被收养的孩子可以用它来寻找他们生理上的
亲属，同时家庭可以用它来寻找被收养的孩子。
32 adornment [ə'dɔ:nmənt]
n.装饰（品）
【真题例句】
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material
adornment and idealized body types. 2016 TEXT1
时尚产业知道它有一个内在的问题：关注物质装饰和理想化身型。
33 advocate ['ædvəkeɪt]
v.提倡、拥护 n.支持者、拥护者
【真题例句】9
Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are
confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.
2003 TEXT2
科学家需要对动物权利鼓吹者做有力地回应，他们的言论混淆了了大众，因此威
胁到健康知识和护理的进步。
34 affect [ə'fekt]
v.影响、感动 n.情感
【真题例句】
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the
stress response. 2008 TEXT1
对动物与人的研究都表明性激素某种程度上影响压力响应。
35 affiliation [əˌ
fɪ
lɪ'eiʃn]
n.联系、有关联的事物
【真题例句】
A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paper
and send it to their peers for review. 2008 TEXT2
然后杂志编辑会去除论文中的作者姓名和相关信息，并将文章送交给他们的同行
进行审查。
36 affirm [ə'fɝ:m]
v.肯定、证实
【真题例句】
“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities
and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. 2014
TEXT4
“问题的核心”这份美国艺术与科学学院（AAAS）刚发布的报告，因为它肯定了人
文和社会科学对美国自由民主的繁荣和安全的重要性而值得称赞。
37 agency ['eidʒənsi]
n.代理、机构
【真题例句】
They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered”. 2016 TEXT2
他们曾督促该机构定义这种鸟为“濒危”。
38 aggravate ['æɡrəveɪt]10
v.加重、恶化
【真题例句】
The negative feelings generated during the day tend to aggravate in our unconscious
mind. 2005 TEXT3
白天产生的负面情绪倾向于在我们潜意识里恶化。
39 aggregation [ˌægrɪ'geɪʃn]
n.聚合、形成
【真题例句】
But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation ，not the mere
possession of bits that gives the data value . 2018 TEXT3
但是这种区分不得要领：赋予数据价值的，是处理及聚合信息，而非单单拥有信
息。
40 aggressive [ə'ɡresɪv]
adj.激进的、过激的、有进取心的
【真题例句】
Physicians too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically
justified. 2003 TEXT4
医生往往提供了远超科学上合理的过激治疗。
41 agitated ['ædʒɪteɪ
tɪd]
adj.激动的、焦虑的
【真题例句】
Executives were violently agitated. 2012 TEXT3
高管们极度地焦虑。
42 agony ['æɡəni]
n.痛苦
【真题例句】
On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the
assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom
modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 2002 TEXT4
在另一层面，医学界许多人承认辅助自杀的争论长久以来都被加剧了，部分原因
是病人的绝望。对他们来说，现代医学延长了死亡的生理痛苦。
43 alien ['eɪliən]11
adj.外国的 n.外国人
【真题例句】
We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.
英语二 2013 TEXT2
我们把他们当作正在形成的美国人致敬，或者把他们标记为有待被赶走的异族人。
44 allay [ə'leɪ
]
v.减轻、使缓和
【真题例句】
A kind of "moral licensing"that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking
more of those in charge. 2019TEXT4
这一“道德颁证”会减轻我们的担忧，并让我们停止去做更多的事情和对当局提
出更多的要求。
45 allegation ['ælə'geɪʃn]
n.指控、陈述
【真题例句】
Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that
anyone would deliberately harm an animal. 2003 TEXT2
听到在研究环境中虐待动物的指控，许多人很困惑为什么有人要故意伤害动物。
46 alleviate [ə'li:vieɪt]
v.减轻、（使）缓和
【真题例句】
Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier
this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign.
2011 TEXT3
例如丰田汽车，它通过一项相对迅速且经过精心策划的社交媒体响应活动减轻了
今年早些时候召回危机对其造成的部分损害。
47 alliance [ə'laɪəns]
n.联合、联盟
【真题例句】
In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the
industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. 2013 TEXT2
二月，FTC 和数字广告联盟（DAA）同意该行业开始对于 DNT 要求作出回应。12
48 allocation [ˌælə'keɪʃn]
n.分配、配置
【真题例句】
Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. 2010 TEXT2
美林集团因为财产配置策略得到了法律保护（即获得专利）。
49 alter ['ɔ:ltɚr]
v.改变、更改
【真题例句】
They could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered
while waiting for a warrant . 2015 TEXT2
他们可以采取合理的措施保证在等待搜捕令的时候手机数据不会被删除或者更
改。
50 amateur ['æmətʃər]
adj.业余的 n.业余爱好者
【真题例句】
Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.2010
TEXT1
此外，音乐评论的业余传统一直在倒退。
51 amazing [əˈmeɪ
zɪŋ]
adj.令人惊讶的
【真题例句】
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for
homogenizing people. 2006 TEXT1
尽管“无休止地谈论差异”，美国社会却是一台令人惊讶的使人同化的机器。
52 ambiguous [æm'bɪ
ɡjuəs]
adj.模糊不清的，模棱两可的
【真题例句】
But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and
complicated route.2012 TEXT3
但是在每天的科学实践中，发现的路径往往是模糊和复杂的。
53 ambition [æm'bɪʃn]13
n.雄心、志向
【真题例句】
Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. 2011 TEXT2
罗伯特•维伦斯塔德在 2005 年带着成为 CEO 的雄心离开花旗集团。
54 amplify ['æmplɪfaɪ
]
v.扩大、加强
【真题例句】
It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a
dominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own. 2012 TEXT2
直到 20 世纪 80 年代中期，当放大年龄和性别的差异成为儿童市场的主导策略时，
粉色才完全变成了现在的样子。
55 analogy [ə'nælədʒi]
n.类比
【真题例句】
IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has
been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar
tasks.2007 TEXT2
智力测验要求你完成语言和图形的类比，想象折叠和剪切后的纸张，并且推理数
字序列，以及一些类似的测试。
56 ancestor ['ænsestɚr]
n.先驱者，祖先
【真题例句】
However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and
humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million
years ago, is, as yet,an unanswered question.2005 TEXT1
然而，这种公平意识是僧帽猴和人独立进化而来的，还是来源于 3500 万年前共同
的祖先，迄今为止，还是个悬而未决的问题。
57 announce [ə'naʊns]
v.宣布、声明
【真题例句】
abide by the strict nuclear regulations.2012 TEXT214
58 annoy [ə'nɔɪ
]
v/n.困扰、烦扰
【真题例句】
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a
century. 2017 TEXT3
关于 GDP 和其实用性的问题一直困扰了政策制定者半个世纪。
59 annual ['ænjuəl]
adj.年度的、每年的、四季常青的
【真题例句】
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being
sheds some light on that question. 2017 TEXT3
最近一项关于各国及他们将增长转化为福祉能力的年度研究为该问题提供了一些
解释。
60 anonymity ['ænə'nɪməti]
n.匿名
【真题例句】
The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.
2011 完形
互联网允许用户匿名，这是隐私和言论自由的福音。
61 anticipate [æn'tɪ
sɪ'peɪt]
v.预测、预料
【真题例句】
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline
travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.2017 TEXT1
部分原因是政府没有预料到航空旅行的急剧增加，所以 TSA 目前正在匆忙招募新
的安检人员。
62 apparent [ə'pærənt]
adj.明显的
【真题例句】
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing 15
popularity as heads of state.2015 TEXT1
正是这种对政治明显的超越，解释了君主作为国家元首持续的流行。
63 appeal [ə'pi:l]
v/n. 吸引、请求、上诉
【真题例句】
Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal
government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief. 2003 TEXT3
货运商如果感觉到自己被过高收费的话，他们有权向联邦政府路面交通管理局上
诉，以获得费率下调。
64 appease [ə'pi：z]
v.安抚、抚慰
【真题例句】
Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry"；rather,they learn over time that
such statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. 2019TEXT1
孩子不是生来就知道如何说“对不起”；而是随着时间推移才逐渐学会这种表达
可以安抚他们的父母和朋友-以及他们自己的良知。
65 apply [ə'plaɪ
]
v.运用、适用、申请
【真题例句】
Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from
advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. 2012 TEXT1
罗森伯格坚定主张公共健康支持者应该向广告商学习，他们应用同辈压力是如此
得心应手。
66 appoint [ə'pɔɪnt]
v.指定、任命
【真题例句】
Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven
experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). 2015 TEXT3
因为要与美国统计协会合作，该杂志任命了 7 名专家进入了审核编辑统计委员会
(简称 SBoRE)。
67 appreciate [ə'pri:ʃɪ
eɪt]
v.感激、欣赏、理解 16
【真题例句】
Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and
appreciated.2012 TEXT3
有时候真正新发现的声明需要很多年的时间才能被接受和理解。
68 apprehensive [ˌæprɪ'hensɪv]
adj.忧虑的、不安的
【真题例句】
Many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry is
apprehensive.
2003 TEXT3
很多货运商对于铁路产业内兼并的态度是担忧的。
69 approach [ə'prəutʃ]
v.接近、处理 n.接近、方法
【真题例句】
The most advanced computer systems on Earthcan't approach that kind of ability, and
neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it. 2002 TEXT2
地球上最先进的计算机系统也无法接近那种能力，而且神经学家仍然不知道我们
是怎么做到的。
70 appropriate [ə'prəuprɪət]
adj.适当的、合适的
【真题例句】
It’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or
the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.2002 TEXT1
用不经意的语言去评价食堂极度难吃的饭菜或者是去评价主席人尽皆知的领带品
味之差对于你来说是合适的。
71 arbiter ['ɑ:rbɪ
tɚr]
n. 仲裁者、主宰者
【真题例句】
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men)that they should
not let others be arbiters of their beauty. 2016 TEXT1
这些禁令，如果被执行，将暗示女性（和很多男性）不应当让别人成为她们美丽
的仲裁者。17
72 arouse [ə'raʊz]
v.引起、激发
【真题例句】
Business-method patents have recently aroused concern. 2010 TEXT2
商业方法专利最近引发了担忧。
73 array [ə'reɪ
]
v/n.排列
【真题例句】
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most
rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. 2014 TEXT1
这两位学者使用了大量的行为研究以证明最令人愉悦的花钱方式可能是反常识
的。
74 artificial [ˌɑ:rtɪ'fɪʃl]
adj.人造的、人工的
【真题例句】
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. 2002
TEXT2
事实上，对于真正的人工智能的追求产生了混合的结果。
75 aspect ['æspekt]
n.方面
【真题例句】
First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is
viewed as incomplete or incorrect. 2012 TEXT3
首先，科学研究倾向于聚焦现行知识中被认为不完整或者是不正确的方面。
76 aspire [ə'spaɪər]
v.渴望、追求
【真题例句】
Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to
command the English language with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command
themselves.
2005 TEXT4
美国人不再期望名人（不管是演讲还是写作中）能够有技巧，有天分地驾驭英语。
他们自己也不再追求这种能力。18
77 assembly [ə'sembli]
n.集合、组装
【真题例句】
Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. 2002 TEXT2
我们的工厂伴随着机械组装臂的节奏嗡嗡作响。
78 assert [ə'sɝ:rt]
v.宣称、断言
【真题例句】
The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out
Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. 2013
TEXT4
联邦政府其实是在宣称因为它不想执行国会的移民意愿，所以任何州也不允许这
样做。
79 assess [ə'ses]
v.评估、估算
【真题例句】
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed
in school and in life. 2007 TEXT2
这些标准化的测试可能无法评估一个人在学校和生活中取得成功的所有重要元
素。
80 asset ['æset]
n.资产
【真题例句】
Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset.2007
TEXT4
数据正在成为一种资产，这种资产需要像别的资产一样被保护。
81 assign [ə'saɪn]
v. 分配、布置
【真题例句】
Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own
or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. 2012 TEXT1
当然，不应该布置学生不能独立完成的作业或者是那些需要昂贵设备才能完成的 19
作业。
82 assimilation [əˌ
sɪmə'leɪʃn]
n.同化
【真题例句】
Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s
immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. 2006
TEXT1
为“国家移民论坛”撰稿的格雷戈里•罗德里格兹报道说今天的外来移民既不是在空
前的水平，也不抗拒同化。
83 assist [ə'sɪst]
v.帮助、协助
【真题例句】
The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important
implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
2002 TEXT4
最高法院关于医生协助病人死亡的决定对于医药如何试图减轻垂死病人的痛苦和
遭罪有着重要的暗示。
84 associate [ə'səuʃɪ
eɪt]
v.联合、使有联系
【真题例句】
Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade
unionism.
2012 TEXT4
英国劳动党，如它名字所暗示的一样，与贸易工会主义一直有着联系。
85 assume [ə'su:m]
v.假设
【真题例句】
You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
2013 TEXT3
你可能会甚至忍不住假设人类没有什么未来可以期待。
86 astrological [ˌæstrə'lɒdʒikl]
adj.占星的 20
【真题例句】
Certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills.2007 TEXT1
特定的星座赋予了高超的足球技巧。
87 astronomy [ə'strɑ:nəmi]
n.天文学
【真题例句】
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.
2017 TEXT2
天文学界正在做出妥协以改变对于莫纳克亚山的使用。
88 atmosphere ['ætməsfɪr]
n.大气（层）、空气、气氛
【真题例句】
The Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely
man-made.
2005 TEXT2
地球的大气确实在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。
89 attract [ə'trækt]
v.吸引
【真题例句】
If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship
between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. 2011
TEXT1
如果吉尔伯特和他的乐团要成功的话，他们就必须首先改变美国最古老的乐团和
他们想吸引的新观众之间的关系。
90 auction ['ɔ:kʃn]
v/n.拍卖
【真题例句】
Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to
pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.
2010 TEXT1
在数周内，世界上两个最大的拍卖行，苏富比拍卖行和佳士得拍卖行，需向寄售
拍卖品的客户支付近 2 亿美元担保费。21
91 authority [ə'θɔ:rəti]
n.权力、权威、官方
【真题例句】
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not
only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel
better.
2005 TEXT3
一名有影响力的权威人士说，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，事实上
还可以被有意识地控制，以帮助我们睡得更好，感觉更佳。
92 automated [ɔ:təˌmeɪ
tɪd]
adj.自动（化）的
【真题例句】
Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical
politeness for the transaction. 2002 TEXT2
我们的银行业务是在自动柜员机上完成的，它们会用机械的礼貌语言感谢我们的
交易。
93 available [ə'veɪ
ləbl]
adj.可得到的、存在的
【真题例句】
Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available
50 years ago. 2006 TEXT3
今天的渔船可以通过卫星或者是声波找到它们的猎物，这些技术在五十年前是不
存在的。
94 awkward ['ɔ:kwɚd]
adj.尴尬的
【真题例句】
If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more
natural.
2002 TEXT1
如果你幽默时会感到尴尬，那你必须练习以让它变得自然。
95 bankruptcy ['bæŋkrʌptsi]
n.破产
【真题例句】22
As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,
Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.
2010 TEXT1
就在拍卖行喊出竞标价格的时候，纽约华尔街上历史最悠久的银行之一雷曼兄弟
申请了破产。
96 barely ['berli]
adv.仅仅、几乎没有
【真题例句】
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose
presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human
labor.
2002 TEXT2
结果是，现代世界已经日益充斥着智能的装置。这些装置的存在我们几乎没有注
意到，但却已经广泛代替了很多人类劳动力。
97 barrier ['bærɪɚr]
n.障碍
【真题例句】
Unions may be a barrier to public-sector reforms. 2012 TEXT4
工会可能是公共部门改革的障碍。
98 behavior [bɪ'hevjɚ]
n.行为、举止
【真题例句】
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.
2012 TEXT1
毫无疑问，我们的同辈对我们的行为有巨大的影响。
【拓展衍生】
behavioral [bɪ'hevjərəl]
adj.行为的
99 bellyful ['belɪ'fʊl]
n.满腹
【真题例句】
We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out
at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. 2004 TEXT423
我们被关在中小学和大学的背诵室里面十年或者十五年，最后出来满腹经纶，却
一无所知。
100 benefactor ['benɪfæktɚr]
n.捐助者
【真题例句】
These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say,and they want to use
their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. 2014 TEXT3
这些赞助者们说，他们已经在各自选择的领域内取得了成功，现在他们想用自己
的财富来吸引人们关注那些科学领域的成功者。
101 benign [bɪ'naɪn]
adj.良性的、无害的
【真题例句】
It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make
capitalism benign. 2011 TEXT4
钝化全球化的尖锐棱角，并使资本主义趋向良性发展是一个雄心勃勃的尝试。
102 betray [bɪ'treɪ
]
v.背叛、揭露
【真题例句】
The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader
understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. 2015
TEXT4
编辑《世界新闻报》的目的不是提升读者的理解，不是保证其所编写新闻的公平，
也不是揭露任何共同的人性。
103 bias ['baɪəs]
n.偏见
【真题例句】
Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. 2004 TEXT2
按字母表顺序排列可能会导致无意识的偏见。
104 bid [bɪd]
v/n.投标、出价
【真题例句】
Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this 24
year.
2003 TEXT3
想想今年诺福克南方（美国铁路公司）和 CSX（财富 500 强公司之一）收购联合
铁路公司时 102 亿美元的报价。
105 bilingual ['baɪ
'lɪŋgwəl]
adj.双语的
【真题例句】
The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. 2006
TEXT1
移民的孩子倾向于双语的并且精通英语。
106 binary [ˈbaɪnəri,'baɪneri]
adj.非黑即白的、二元的
【真题例句】
This revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary. 2019 TEXT1
这种认知复兴属于一种更宏观的认知的一部分，即情绪不是非黑即白的。
107 binding ['baɪndɪŋ]
adj.有约束力的
【真题例句】
Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass
ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally
binding provisions on placing women in top business positions. 2013 TEXT4
雷丁认为，定额让人们采取行动：“开辟平等之路，突破玻璃天花板的限制”。该
效果可以在法国和其他国家中看到。这些国家制定了具有法律约束力的条款要求
女性进入企业顶级职位。
108 biographical [ˌbaɪə'græfɪkl]
adj.传记的
【真题例句】
They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details
but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. 2007
TEXT1
他们收集了他们能够找到的所有资料，不仅包括表现的统计数据和传记中的细节，
还包括他们自己对成功人士进行试验所得到的实验结果。25
109 board [bɔ:rd]
n.委员会、董事会
【真题例句】
As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives
who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. 2011 TEXT2
随着董事会迫于股东压力仔细检查续任计划，那些没有得到首肯的执行官可能也
会想要离开。
110 boom [buːm]
v.迅速发展 n.繁荣
【真题例句】
Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which
investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. 2004 TEXT3
很多消费者似乎受到了股票市场波动的影响，但这些震荡现在被投资者视为持续
繁荣的必要组成部分。
111 bother ['bɒðə(r)]
v/n.操心、麻烦
【真题例句】
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into
the brain, they're there to stay. 2009 TEXT1
但是，不必麻烦设法改掉旧习惯；一旦这些惯有程序的辙痕进入大脑，它们将会
留在那里。
112 boundary ['baʊndri]
n.界限、范围
【真题例句】
Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and
progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative
or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the
boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. 2014
TEXT4
今天，教授们通常把对于历史的激进解读和激进的公共政策作为合适的研究对象，
而把保守的或者是经典的自由主义思想（比如自由市场或者是自力更生）描绘为
常规的、有时候合理的学术调查范围之外的。
113 bribery ['braɪ
bəri]26
n.行贿、受贿
【真题例句】
A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under
American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). 2016 TEXT3
最近的一项研究企图通过查看美国《反海外腐败法》（FCPA）下的行贿起诉来区
分它们。
114 brief [bri:f]
adj.简短的、简洁的 n.摘要、简报
【真题例句】
Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby
agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. 2003
TEXT1
斯特福德公司的简报听上去不像华盛邮报通常那样的闪烁其词，很多机构害怕万
一犯错，用这种闪烁其词的方法来避免明确的宣称。
115 broaden ['brɔ:dn]
v.扩大、加宽
【真题例句】
For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want
to do—then broaden it. 2004 TEXT1
对于寻找任何的工作，你应当从一个小范围开始—即你想干什么—然后扩大这个
范围。
116 broker ['broʊkɚr]
n.经纪人
【真题例句】
In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range,
predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. 2004
TEXT3
经纪人芭芭拉•柯克兰说，在曼哈顿，出现了一股对于 400 万到 1000 万区间商品房
的新的淘金热，这些购房资金主要来源于华尔街的奖金。
117 bubble ['bʌbl]
v.冒泡 n.气泡、泡沫
【真题例句】
Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.2004 TEXT327
招聘者们不会介意招聘市场上泡沫减少。
118 budget ['bʌdʒɪt]
v/n.预算
【真题例句】
Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. 2007
TEXT3
现在家庭预算已经达到了他们新的双薪状态的极限。
119 bureaucratic [ˌbjʊrə'krætɪk]
adj.官僚主义的
【真题例句】
Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems
without fear of prosecution for bribery. 2017 TEXT4
被选举的领导人必须被允许去帮助支持者处理官僚问题，并且避免行贿控诉的担
忧。
120 burst [bɝ:rst]
v/n.爆炸、爆发
【真题例句】
The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt. 2010 TEXT2
房间里爆发出笑声，这个人看起来迷惑并受伤。
121 campaign [kæm'peɪn]
n.战役、运动、活动
【真题例句】
During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by
Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news. 2018 TEXT2
2016 年总统竞选期间，在政治关键州密西根的推特用户分享的网络内容中，由近
四分之一是虚假新闻。
122 candidate ['kændɪdeɪt]
n.候选人
【真题例句】
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s
study. 2005 TEXT1
这些特性使得它们成为了布鲁斯南博士和德•瓦尔博士研究的完美候选对象。28
123 capable ['keɪ
pəbl]
adj.有能力的
【真题例句】
Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that
other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. 2005
TEXT1
这种行为被看作是“人之常情”，因为我们有一个潜在的假设：其他动物没有能力
发展出如此高度发达的不满情绪。
124 capture ['kæptʃɚr]
v.捕捉、吸引 n.俘虏、战利品
【真题例句】
While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper
before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture
spoken English on the page. 2005 TEXT4
在 20 世纪 60 年代以前，即使是受过一般教育的人在写东西的时候都会寻求一种
高雅的语调，然而在那之后，即使是最受好评的文章也试图捕捉口语化的语言在
纸张上。
125 carve [kɑ:rv]
v.分割、雕刻
【真题例句】
Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new
land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states. 2008 TEXT4
刚一上任，杰弗逊就通过 1803 年路易斯安那采购来扩大奴隶制范围；该新大陆被
分割为 13 个州，其中包括 3 个奴隶州。
126 category ['kætəɡɔ:ri]
n.种类、范畴
【真题例句】
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way
ahead in at least one undesirable category. 2008 TEXT1
尽管女性仍在现代生活中的很多方面追赶着男性，但是她们似乎在一个不好的方
面遥遥领先。
127 cater ['keɪ
tɚr]29
v.迎合、为……服务
【真题例句】
Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite these were stores “anyone
could enter, regardless of class or background.” 2006 TEXT1
与那些迎合知识精英的私密高端商店不同，这些商店是“任何人都可以进入，不考
虑阶级或者背景”。
128 caution ['kɔ:ʃn]
v.警告 n.小心、谨慎、警告
【真题例句】
It requires caution to handle economic issues. 2017 TEXT3
处理经济问题需要谨慎。
cavity ['kævəti]
n.腔、(牙齿的)龋洞
【真题例句】
Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans
habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with
Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands. 2010 TEXT3
今天，由于精明的广告和公众的健康活动，许多美国人习惯性地每天给他们珍珠
般洁白的牙齿进行两次防龋洞清洗，他们通常使用高露洁，佳洁士或者其他某种
品牌的牙膏。
130 celebrate ['selibreɪt]
v.庆祝
【真题例句】
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting
you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? 2011
TEXT4
在一个不断颂扬生育的社会中，承认自己后悔生育孩子就相当于承认支持杀死小
猫有什么奇怪的呢？
131 challenge ['tʃælɪndʒ]
v/n.挑战、质疑
【真题例句】
While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent
themes. 2017 TEXT330
尽管所有这些国家都面对自己独有的挑战，但是有一些主题是一致的。
132 character ['kærəktɚr]
n.特征、性质、性格、字符
【真题例句】
The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities
have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education
and are thus deprived of its benefits. 2014 TEXT4
委员会忽略了数十年存在的问题，美国大学所培养出来的毕业生并没有真正了解
通识教育的内容和特点，因此没有从中受益。
133 charge [tʃɑ:rdʒ]
v.收费、指控 n.费用、控告
【真题例句】
If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have
the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving
remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. 2003 TEXT3
他们认为，如果铁路对所有的顾客收取同样的平均费用，那么那些有选择的顾客
就会转换到其他的运输方式，结果让剩下的客户承担所有维持运输线路的费用。
134 charity ['tʃærəti]
n.慈善（机构）
【真题例句】
Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for
oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. 2014
TEXT1
买礼物给他人或者捐助慈善机构通常比买东西给自己快乐得多，同时有节制地消
费才能享受奢侈品带来的最大快乐。
135 chronic ['krɑ:nɪk]
adj.长期的、慢性的
【真题例句】
I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a
chronic or repeated nature. 2008 TEXT1
我认为女性面临的各种事情具有长期性和反复性。
136 circuit ['sɝ:kɪt]31
v.环行 n.环行、电路
【真题例句】
Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that
transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human
brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades
if not centuries.
2002 TEXT2
尽管在 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代有过一段最初的乐观——那时候晶体管电路和微
处理器看似能够在 2010 年前模仿人类大脑的活动——但是最近研究人员已经开始
将这个预测推迟数十年，甚至是几个世纪。
137 civil ['sɪvl]
adj.公民的、文明的
【真题例句】
Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health,
education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded
assessment of how countries are performing. 2017 TEXT3
该研究并不是仅仅关注 GDP，而是测量了来自健康、教育和公民社会参方面的 40
多组不同标准，以得到一个关于国家表现的更加全面的评估。
138 claim [kleɪm]
v/n.声称、要求、索赔
【真题例句】
Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of
the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over
nuclear issues. 2012 TEXT2
现在公司突然宣布 2002 年的协议因为 2006 年的法律无效，而且只有联邦政府才
有关于核问题的调整权力。
139 clarity ['klærəti]
n.清晰
【真题例句】
Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s
dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed
clarity.
2017 TEXT2
坐落于太平洋，莫纳亚克山的最高点在稠密的大气层之上，那里的条件使得望远 32
镜能够获取无比清晰的图像。
140 client ['klaɪənt]
n.客户、顾客
【真题例句】
Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers
suddenly stopped showing up. 2004 TEXT3
她的大多数客户每周花 12 到 50 美元，但是上个月两个常客突然停止了消费。
141 cloak [kləʊk]
v.遮盖、掩饰 n.斗篷
【真题例句】
Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he
was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” 2011 TEXT2
他并没有用通常模糊的理由来掩饰他的离开，而是站出来坦诚地说他离开是“为
了追求亲自经营一家公司的目标”。
142 clue [klu:]
n.提示、线索
【真题例句】
At Columbia University, Dr.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to
the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. 2014 TEXT3
在哥伦比亚大学，利亚西•法里斯博士和同事们正在研究用眼泪做为线索来诊断眼
疾。
143 clumsy ['klʌmzi]
adj.笨拙的、不灵活的
【真题例句】
Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But
it is clumsy. 2018 TEXT3
竞争法似乎是解决这些权力失衡的唯一方法。但是它却不够灵活。
144 coalition [ˌ
kəʊə'lɪʃn]
n.联合、联盟
【真题例句】
The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's
spending plans if it returns to power. 2014 TEXT433
工党最近宣布，如果恢复执政，他将保留联盟大部分的开支计划。
145 cognitive ['kɑ:ɡnətɪv]
adj.认知的
【真题例句】
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically
determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive
exercise than an intuitive one. 2007 TEXT1
这项成功和后来的研究表明记忆本身并不是基因决定的。这使得艾利克森总结道，
记忆的行为与其说是一种直觉活动不如说是一种认知活动。
146 coherent [koʊ'hɪ
rənt]
adj.连贯的、一致的、粘在一起的
【真题例句】
To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in
research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve
problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for
teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great
challenges of the day. 2014 TEXT4
为了鼓励创新和竞争，该报告呼吁增加科研投资，精心设计条理清晰的课程，以
提高学生在 21 世纪解决问题的能力和有效沟通的能力，呼吁增加对教师的投入，
鼓励学者应用他们的研究来应对如今巨大的挑战。
147 coincidence [koʊ'ɪnsɪ
dəns]
n.巧合
【真题例句】
Can this merely be coincidence? 2004 TEXT2
这仅仅是巧合吗？
148 collaborative [kə'læbəreɪ
tɪv]
adj.合作的、协作的
【真题例句】
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,
meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of
thought. 2009 TEXT1
目前对标准化测试的注重突出了分析和程序这两种思维模式，也就意味着我们中
很少有人本能地运用我们创新和合作的思维模式。34
149 collapse [kə'læps]
v/n.倒塌、瓦解
【真题例句】
Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only
“sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. 2015 TEXT4
她说到：道德已经倒塌，因为人们普遍认为社会中唯一的“分类机制”应该是利
益和市场。
150 collect [kə'lekt]
v.收集、采集
【真题例句】
Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but
rather lump together information from different research projects. 2009 TEXT2
一些公司使用的数据库并不是依靠系统性采集，而是将不同的研究项目的信息胡
乱地混在一起。
151 combat ['kɑ:mbæt]
adj.战斗的、斗争的 v/n.战斗、斗争
【真题例句】
Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. 2008 TEXT1
男人去打仗，然后面对战斗压力。
152 command [kə'mænd]
v/n.命令、控制、掌握
【真题例句】
Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to
command the English language with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command
themselves.
2005 TEXT4
美国人不再期望名人（不管是演讲还是写作中）能够有技巧，有天分地驾驭英语。
他们自己也不再追求这种能力。
153 commemorate [kə'meməreɪt]
v.纪念
【真题例句】
The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day. 2012 35
新题型
浪漫主义纪念的是著名的画家和他们那个时代的作者。
154 commercial [kə'mɝ:rʃl]
adj.商业的、商务的
【真题例句】
The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with
it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. 2006
TEXT4
反快乐的艺术几乎确切地跟随大众媒体的出现而上升，在这种商业文化中，快乐
不仅是一种理想，还是一种意识形态。
155 commit [kə'mɪt]
v.进行、实施
【真题例句】
Patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide. 2002 TEXT4
病人没有实施自杀的宪法权利。
156 commodity [kə'mɑ:dəti]
n.商品
【真题例句】
The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. 2002
TEXT3
《经济学人》上的商品价格指数和一年以前几乎没有变化。
157 community [kə'mju:nətɪ
]
n. 社群、（学术）界
【真题例句】
The health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known
personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the
value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. 2003 TEXT2
医学研究界不光要积极的争取斯蒂芬•库珀这样的名人（他大胆地陈述了动物研究
的价值）进入这项事业，同时还要争取所有接受医药治疗的人。
158 compact ['kɑ:mpækt]
n.合同、契约
“The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John
Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and
act on their concerns.” 2017 TEXT4
最高法院首席大法官约翰•罗伯茨在写给最高法院的信中写道：
“代议制政府的基本
契约假定政府官员将听取其选民的意见，并根据他们的关切采取行动”。
159 compare [kəm'per]
v.比较、相比
【真题例句】
Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in
response to stress compared to men. 2008 TEXT1
同男性相比，女性尤其容易受到由压力导致的抑郁症和焦虑症的影响。
160 compelling [kəm'pelɪŋ]
adj.强制的、令人信服的
【真题例句】
The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.
2010 TEXT3
这个观点直觉上是令人信服的，但是它无法解释观点实际上是如何传播的。
161 compensate ['kɑ:mpenseɪt]
v.补偿、赔偿、弥补、抵消
【真题例句】
The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. 2016
TEXT2
这笔资金还将会用于补偿那些将栖息地留出来的房主们。
162 competent ['kɑ:mpɪ
tənt]
adj.有能力的、能胜任的
【真题例句】
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic
values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age
and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries. 2010 TEXT4
许多美国人认为陪审团系统是重要民主价值的具体表现，包括以下原则：所有符
合最低年龄和文化程度要求的市民都同样有能力参加陪审团。
163 competitive [kəm'petətɪv]37
adj.竞争的
【真题例句】
Johnson & Johnson,for example,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property
that promotes complementary and even competitive products. 2011TEXT3
比如，强生公司创造了“婴儿中心”，这是一个独立的媒体资产。它推广互补的、
甚至是竞争的产品。
164 compile [kəm'paɪl]
v.汇编；收集
【真题例句】
In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.
2003 TEXT1
在 1995 年，中央情报局举办了一场竞赛，看哪家公司可以汇编出关于布隆迪最多
的数据。
165 complex ['kɑ:mpleks]
adj.复杂的
【真题例句】
This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient,
condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic
performance. 2009 TEXT3
逐渐提高的教育水平可能是复杂政治系统的必要不充分条件。这种政治系统是先
进的经济表现所需要的。
166 complicated ['kɑ:mplɪkeɪ
tɪd]
adj.复杂的
【真题例句】
But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and
complicated route. 2012 TEXT3
但是在每天的科学实践中，发现的路径往往是模糊和复杂的。
167 comply [kəm'plaɪ
]
v.遵守、遵从
【真题例句】
After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests,
though it is still working out how. 2013 TEXT2
毕竟，它也有广告业务，并声称该业务会遵守 DNT 的要求，尽管它目前仍在寻求 38
如何遵守。
168 component [kəm'poʊnənt]
n.组成部分
【真题例句】
Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our
control. 2005 TEXT3
一晚优质睡眠的所有组成部分中，梦似乎是是我们最难以控制的。
169 composition [ˌ
kɑ:mpə'zɪʃn]
n.（文学、音乐、美术等）作品
【真题例句】
To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions. 2011
TEXT1
诚然，他表演了大量有趣的作品。
170 compound ['kɑːmpaʊnd]
v.加剧、混合 n.化合物
【真题例句】
The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers
and drive others underground. 2019TEXT3
劳动力短缺被联邦政府对移民的突然袭击给加剧了，这使得一些工人被驱逐出境，
另一些工人被迫转入地下。
171comprehensive [ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv]
adj.综合的、全面的
【真题例句】
A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical
history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. 2015 TEXT2
智能手机可能含有被捕者的阅读历史纪录、经济记录、就医记录还有最近通话的
全面记录。
172 compromise ['kɑ:mprəmaɪz]
v/n.妥协、破坏
【真题例句】
The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to
the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. 2010 TEXT439
细节可能不得而知，但是标准设定者的独立性这一资本市场合理运转的关键，正
在被破坏。
173 conceive [kən'si:v]
v.怀孕、构想、认为
【真题例句】
Soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual
peak of soccer mania. 2007 TEXT1
狂热于足球的父母更有可能在春季怀孕，因为这正是每年足球狂热的高峰时期。
174 concentrate ['kɑ:nsn'treɪt]
v.集中、浓缩、专心
【真题例句】
Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust. 2018 TEXT3
德纳姆女士的指责主要集中于 NHS 信托上。
175 concept ['kɑ:nsept]
n.概念、观念
【真题例句】
The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. 2016 TEXT2
可持续发展的观念已经被定义为有利可图。
176 concession [kən'seʃn]
n.妥协、让步
【真题例句】
But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.
2010 TEXT4
但现在对于批评者的屈服只会招致压力迫使他们做出更多的让步。
177 conclude [kən'klu:d]
v.结束、推断、做出结论
【真题例句】
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based
on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. 2016
TEXT3
总之，研究得出结论：尽管检举人应该只基于是非曲直来评估案件，但他们似乎
确实被公司 CSR 的记录所影响了。40
178 concrete ['kɑ:ŋkri:t]
n.混凝土 adj.具体的、明确的
【真题例句】
But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval
of a contract or regulation. 2017 TEXT4
但是在反贿赂法律的规定下，证据必须由具体利益构成，比如准许一个合同或一
个法规。
179 condemn [kən'dem]
v.谴责、责备
【真题例句】
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned
or made illegal. 2004 TEXT2
在过去一个世纪，所有种类的不公平和歧视都已被谴责或列为非法。
180 conduct [kən'dʌkt]
v.实施、管理、指挥、引导 n.行为
【真题例句】
Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would
have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.
2007 TEXT1
艾利克森在瑞典长大，此前一直研究核工程，直到他意识到如果他转向研究心理
学的话，会有更多的机会去实施自己的研究。
181 confer [kən'fɝ:r]
v.赋予、协商
【真题例句】
Certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. 2007 TEXT1
特定的星座赋予了高超的足球技巧。
182 confident ['kɑ:nfɪdənt]
adj.自信的、有信心的
【真题例句】
And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of
equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly
confident.” 41
2008 TEXT3
如果你需要预测不久的将来人类的身高来设计一个设备的话，戈登说：大体而言，
“你可以使用如今的数据，并且非常自信。”
183 confine [kən'faɪn]
v.限制、约束 n.限制、界限
【真题例句】
It pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. 2014 新题型
它使得艺术超出了工作室和画廊的传统限制。
184 confirm [kən'fɝ:rm]
v.确认、确定
【真题例句】
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal
(fatherly) wisdom—or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. 2009 TEXT2
只有聪明的父亲才知道谁是自己的孩子，但是如今一个人能够提高这种父亲智慧
—或者至少可以确认他是孩子的亲爹。
185 conflict ['kɑ:nflɪkt]
v.与……相冲突 n.冲突、矛盾
【真题例句】
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s
only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. 2012 TEXT2
冲突在 2002 年就浮出水面了，当时该公司购买了佛蒙特州唯一的核电站，那是一
个位于佛侬镇的老化的反应堆。
186confront [kən'frʌnt]
v.遭遇、面对
【真题例句】
In its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations. 2008 TEXT4
在早期，美国曾面对微妙的处境。
187 confuse [kən'fju:z]
v.迷惑、使困惑
【真题例句】
Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are
confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.
2003 TEXT242
科学家需要对动物权利鼓吹者做有力的回应，他们的言论使大众迷惑，因此威胁
到健康知识和护理的进步。
188 conjunction [kən'dʒʌŋkʃn]
n.结合、同时发生
【真题例句】
Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with
increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to
completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. 2017 TEXT3
如今，高中毕业后立即去上大学这个广泛的社会压力连同在这个快速运转的世界
中对学生们日益增长的高度期待，往往导致学生完全忽略了选择间隔年的可能性。
189 conquer ['kɑ:ŋkɚr]
v.征服、克服
【真题例句】
Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. 2012
新题型
彼得拉克庆祝了他们征服命运并登上顶峰的伟大。
190 conscience [ˈkɑːnʃəns]
n.良心、良知
【真题例句】
Verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the
law.
2010 TEXT4
判决应该代表社会良知而不仅仅是法律的条文。
191 conscious ['kɑ:nʃəs]
adj.有意识的
【真题例句】
Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the
emotional significance of the day’s events. 2005 TEXT3
因为我们有意识的大脑被日常生活所占据，所以我们不常考虑白天事情的情绪重
要性。
192 consent [kən'sent]
v/n.赞同、同意 43
【真题例句】
The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is reserved consent. 2003
TEXT4
作者对理查德•拉姆的观点是有保留的赞同。
193 consequence ['kɑ:nsɪkwens]
n.后果
【真题例句】
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe
than in the 1970s. 2002 TEXT3
但是，有充分的理由去预期现在的经济后果不会像 20 世纪 70 年代那么严重。
194 conservative [kən'sɝ:rvətɪv]
adj.保守的 n.保守派、保守党
【真题例句】
Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern
the profession have been too conservative to implement them. 2014 TEXT2
长久以来都有一些合理的想法，但是管理该职业的州级机构太过保守以至于没法
实施这些想法。
195 consistent [kən'sɪstənt]
adj.一致的、相符的
【真题例句】
While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent
themes.
2017 TEXT3
尽管所有这些国家都面对自己独有的挑战，但是有一些主题是一致的。
196 consolidation [kən,sɑ:lɪ'deɪʃn]
n.合并
【真题例句】
The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by
only one rail company. 2003 TEXT3
铁路行业内部大量的合并意味着大部分货运商只能由一家铁路公司提供服务。
197 constant ['kɑ:nstənt]
adj.不变的、经常的 n.常数、不变的事物 44
【真题例句】
Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't
afford not to. 2013 TEXT1
虚荣是不变的事物；人们只有在无法支付得起的时候才会开始可持续地购物。
198 constitute ['kɑ:nstɪtu:t]
v.组成、构成
【真题例句】
“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are
needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient
abuse.”
2002 TEXT4
很多医生似乎并不关心病人所遭受的那些可以预见且没有必要的痛苦，从该意义
上讲，这就构成了对于病人的 “系统性虐待”。
199 constrain [kən'streɪn]
v.限制、约束
【真题例句】
A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing
world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.
2009 TEXT3
然而，正式教育的缺失并不能限制发展中世界的劳动力在可预见的未来持续提高
生产力的能力。
200 construction [kən'strʌkʃn]
n.建立、建造、建筑（物）
【真题例句】
Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant
observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos. 2017
TEXT2
关于 TMT 的建造爆发了抗议。TMT 是一个注定能彻底改变人类对宇宙看法的巨
大天文台。
201 consume [kənˈsu:m]
v.消费、消耗
【真题例句】
It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their 45
investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect. 2016 TEXT3
它认为因为检察官不会消费公司产品作为他们调查的一部分，他们可能只会受到
光环效应的影响。
202 contempt [kən'tempt]
n.轻蔑、蔑视
【真题例句】
I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are
not read to writers who are.’ 2010 TEXT1
我倾向于将“新闻”定义为“一个不受欢迎的作家对于受欢迎的作家所使用的蔑
视术语”。
203 content ['kɑ:ntent]
adj.满意的 n.满意、内容
【真题例句】
The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a
mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
2015 TEXT2
最高法院现在将会考虑，如果一个人在被捕期间，警察是否可以在没有搜查令的
情况下查看他身上或身旁的手机内容。
204 contest [ka:n'test]
v/n.竞争、争论
【真题例句】
In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.
2003 TEXT1
在 1995 年，中央情报局举办了一场竞赛，看哪家公司可以汇编出关于布隆迪最多
的数据。
205 contract ['kɑ:ntrækt]
n.合约、合同
【真题例句】
But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval
个法规。46
206 contradictory [ˌ
kɑ:ntrə'dɪktəri]
adj.矛盾的
【真题例句】
But the policy is unclear and contradictory. 2012 TEXT1
但是政策是不明朗且矛盾的。
207 contrary ['kɑ:ntreri]
adj/adv.相反的/地 n.相反
【真题例句】
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys，people are actually more stressed at
home than at work. 2015 TEXT1
一项新的研究表明，与大部分研究相反，人们事实上在家里要比工作岗位上压力
更大。
208 contrast ['kɑ:ntræst]
v/n.对比、对照
【真题例句】
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules
and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. 2016
TEXT1
与法国的行为不同，丹麦时尚业于上月就模特年龄、健康及其他特质的规定与制
裁达成了一致。
209 contribute [kən'trɪbju:t]
v.贡献、导致
【真题例句】
It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education
outcomes — all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being. 2017
TEXT3
它不包括诸如环境质量和教育成果这样的重要方面—而这些方面都会有助于一个
人的幸福感。
210 controversial [ˌ
kɑ:ntrə'vɝ:rʃl]
adj.有争议的
【真题例句】
Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on
business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first 47
authorized 10 years ago.
2010 TEXT2
现在，国家最高专利法庭看似完全准备好去减少商业方法专利的数量，这些专利
自从十年前第一次获得授权开始，就一直存在争议。
211 conventional [kən'venʃənl]
adj.传统的、常规的
【真题例句】
The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that
marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid
media.
2011 TEXT3
如今消费者做出购买决定的方式意味着市场营销的影响源自很多方面，不仅仅是
传统的付费媒介。
212 converge [kən'vɝ:rdʒ]
v.集中、达成一致
【真题例句】
Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups
said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for
earlier generations. 2016 TEXT4
年轻人和老年人在一个关键问题上达成一致：两个群体中的绝大部分人都说他们
认为对于如今的年轻人来说，开始生计比上几辈人要难得多。
213 convert [kən'vɝ:rt]
v.转变、转化
【真题例句】
解释。
214 convey [kən'veɪ
]
v.运输、表达
【真题例句】
As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including
non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no 48
language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. 2005 TEXT4
作为语言学家，他承认所有种类的人类语言（包括黑人英语这种非标准语言）都
是极具表达力的—世界上没有任何一种语言或者是方言不能表达复杂的想法。
215 conviction [kən'vɪ
kʃn]
n.判决、定罪
【真题例句】
In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption
conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. 2017 TEXT4
在一项罕见的、一致通过的裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了对前弗吉尼亚州州长罗
伯特•麦克唐纳尔受贿的判决。
216 convincing [kən'vɪnsɪŋ]
adj.有说服力的、令人信服的
【真题例句】
Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear
to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential
modification or refutation by future researchers. 2012 TEXT3
毫不意外的是，那些看似重要且令人信服的新近发表的发现声明和可靠发现将会
一直面临着来自未来研究人员的挑战，潜在的调整或反驳。
217 cooperate [koʊˈɑːpəreɪt]
v.配合、合作
【真题例句】
That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration
enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate
with federal colleagues. 2013 TEXT4
那是因为国会总是构想联邦政府和州政府能联合进行移民执法，并且明确鼓励州
警察与联邦同事分享信息并合作。
218 coordination [koʊ,ɔ:rdɪ'neɪʃn]
n.协调、协作
【真题例句】
Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. 2013 TEXT4
大法官们希望加强与国会的协作。
219 core [kɔ:r]49
n.核心、要点
【真题例句】
In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and
$11 billion. 2008 TEXT2
在美国，核心的科学出版物发行市场估计在 70 亿到 110 亿美元之间。
220 corporate [ˈkɔːrpərət]
adj.公司的、企业的
【真题例句】
Meanwhile,the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in
America,disclosed on June 17th,overshadowed a hugely important decision a day
earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on
notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 2007
TEXT4
同时，6 月 17 日曝光的美国四千万信用卡账户的信息泄露使得美国联邦交易委员
会一天前做出的重要决定黯然失色。该决定警告美国公司，如果公司不能提供充
分的数据安全，管理者就会采取措施。
221 correct [kə'rekt]
adj.正确的
【真题例句】
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future
management efforts must take into account. 2006 TEXT3
迈尔斯博士和沃尔姆博士认为他们的研究给出了正确的基准线，且未来管理努力
必须考虑该基准线。
222 correlate ['kɔː
rəleɪt]
v.使相互关联、和……相关
【真题例句】
Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under
low-stress conditions,but under high-stress conditions,IQ was negatively correlated with
leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite. 2007 TEXT2
研究发现，当在低压环境下的时候，智商测试结果可以预测领导能力，但是在高
压环境中，智商测试结果与领导力呈负相关—也就是说，它的预测结果是相反的。
223 correspond [ˌkɔ:rə'spɑ:nd]
v.符合、与……一致、与……通信 50
【真题例句】
In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to
what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. 2012
TEXT3
最后，一项科学发现声明被认为可信——这一过程与哲学家安妮特•拜耳所描绘的
“思想共同性”一致。
224 corruption [kə'rʌpʃn]
n.贪污、腐败
【真题例句】
New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least
when they are prosecuted for corruption. 2016 TEXT3
新的研究表明 CSR 可能为公司创造经济价值—至少在公司因腐败被检举的时候。
225 counterbalance [ˌkaʊntɚ'bæləns]
v.抵消、使平衡 n.平衡力
【真题例句】
They are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual
pursuits.
2004 TEXT4
它们（学校）根本没能抵消美国人对学术追求的厌恶。
226 counterpart ['kaʊntɚrpɑ:rt]
n.极其相似的人或物、对比物
【真题例句】
Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention
to the value of “goods and services” than males. 2005 TEXT1
最重要的是，就像它们人类中的对比物一样（女性），它们比雄性更倾向于关注“物
品与服务”的价值。
227 courageous [kə'reɪ
dʒəs]
adj.勇敢的、大胆的
【真题例句】
Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community
should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen
Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but
all who receive medical treatment. 2003 TEXT251
最后，因为最终的利益相关者是病人，所以医学研究界不光要积极的争取斯蒂芬•
库珀这样的名人（他大胆地陈述了动物研究的价值）进入这项事业，同时还要争
取所有接受医药治疗的人。
228 craft [kræft]
v.精心制作 n.手艺、工艺
【真题例句】
But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her
example can't be knocked off. 2013 TEXT1
但是正如克莱恩第一个发现的那样，波蒙特夫人花费了数十年的时间来完善她的
手艺；她的例子无法被学习。
229 crash [kræʃ]
v/n.撞击、坠落、崩溃
【真题例句】
Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash. 2017
TEXT3
是的，自从 2008 年的全球经济崩溃以来，已经有了初露头角的经济复苏。
230 credit ['kredɪt]
v.信任、认可 n.信用、认可、学分
【真题例句】
Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit.
2012TEXT3
一旦一项发现声明成为了公众的，那么发现者就会获得学术认可。
231 creep [kri:p]
v.爬行、悄然而至
【真题例句】
Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once
exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. 2014TEXT1
但是这些物质购买的满足感会迅速消失。那些曾经令人兴奋且新鲜的东西变得老
旧；后悔悄然而至。
232 crisis ['kraɪ
sɪs]
n.危机、关键时刻
The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the
institution of the traditional classical concert. 2011TEXT1
这些唱片的广泛流传因此给传统古典音乐会机构带来了危机。
233 critical ['krɪ
tɪkl]
adj.批判（性）的、关键的、临界的
【真题例句】
Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. 2004TEXT4
心智是思想中批判、创新和沉思的部分。
234 crucial ['kru:ʃl]
adj.至关重要的
【真题例句】
If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be
environmentally sound. 2005TEXT2
如果我们还想要去保护大气层的话，那么这些工厂必须是环保的，这一点至关重
要。
235 cue [kju:]
n.线索、提示
【真题例句】
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to—Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and
Unilever—had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in
consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines. 2010TEXT3
柯提斯博士所谈到的公司—宝洁，高露洁还有联合利华—已经投资了上亿美元来
找到那些消费者生活中的细小线索。公司可以用这些线索把新的习惯引入消费者
生活中。
236 cultivate ['kʌltɪveɪt]
v.种植、培养
【真题例句】
Habits like hand washing with soap should be further cultivated. 2010TEXT3
用肥皂洗手这样的习惯需要进一步培养。
237 cunning ['kʌnɪŋ]
adj.巧妙的、可爱的、狡猾的
Since the dawn of human ingenuity,people have devised ever more cunning tools to
cope with work that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plain nasty. 2002TEXT2
自从人类创造力的开端，人们就设计了越来越多巧妙的工具来应对那些危险的、
枯燥的、繁重的、或者仅仅是肮脏的工作。
238 curb [kɝ:rb]
v/n.控制、限制
【真题例句】
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor
and the environment including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line.
2013TEXT1
虽然多家快时尚公司已经做出了努力去在限制他们对于环境和劳动力的影响，包
括 H&M, 和它发起的绿色”环保自觉行动”。
239 cure [kjʊr]
v.治疗、治愈 n.治疗、疗法
【真题例句】
But not even a great health-care system can cure death. 2003TEXT4
但即使是一个伟大的医疗护理系统也不能治愈死亡。
240 curiosity [ˌkjʊrɪ
'ɑ:səti]
n.好奇心
【真题例句】
The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early
Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the
heavens.2017TEXT2
当年，“地平线那边有什么”的好奇心最先把早期的波利尼西亚人带到了夏威夷群
岛的岸边。而今天，这种相同的好奇心激发着天文学家去探索天宇。
241 current ['kɝ:rənt]
adj.当前的、流行的
【真题例句】
They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the
“shifting baseline”. 2006TEXT3
他们相信数据支持了一个流行于海洋生物学家中的观点，那就是“变化的基准线”。
242 curriculum [kə'rɪkjələm]54
n.（学校等的）全部课程
【真题例句】
Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should evolve to focus less on
memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. 2018 TEXT1
从文法中学（即美国“小学”）到大学，所有课程都应该逐步发展，少强调事实
记忆，多强调创新及复杂沟通能力。
243 cursory ['kɝ:səri]
adj.粗略的、草率的、匆忙的
【真题例句】
In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people
was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.
2010TEXT3
在许多这样的案例中，寻求原因的草率研究发现一小部分人总是能在其他人关注
某种事物（无论是什么）之前，开始穿着，推广和发展该事物。
244 dampen ['dæmpən]
v.使沮丧
【真题例句】
Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly
hard,Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later
be sources of intense gratification and delight.” 2011 TEXT4
尽管日常抚养孩子的经历可能是极度地艰难，然而西尼尔写道，“正是那些当时使
我们沮丧的事情在以后会变成强烈的喜悦和快乐的源泉。”
245 dawn [dɔ:n]
v.破晓、出现 n.黎明、开端
【真题例句】
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.
2017 TEXT2
但是科学也有文化历史，可以追根溯源到文明的开端。
246 dearth [dɝ:rθ]
n.缺乏、不足
【真题例句】
In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such
widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. 2015 TEXT455
从许多方面来说，道德目的的缺失不仅体现在这样大面积的电话窃听上，而且还
体现在审判发生时的术语上。
247 debate [dɪ'beɪt]
v/n.争论、辩论
【真题例句】
Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of
these changes, but few have looked at the side effect:family risk has risen as well. 2007
TEXT3
各种学者，政策制定者和批评家就这些变化的社会意义争论了很久，但是很少有
人看到其副作用：家庭的风险也随之上升了。
248 deceptive [dɪ'septɪv]
adj.骗人的、虚伪的
【真题例句】
They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights
misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 2003
TEXT2
他们需要快速对编辑来信做出回应，以免动物权利错误信息毫无障碍地通过并且
获得欺骗性的真理表象。
249 declaration [ˌdeklə'reɪʃn]
n.申明、宣称
【真题例句】
Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby
agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. 2003
TEXT1
斯特福德公司的简报听上去不像华盛邮报通常那样的闪烁其词，很多机构害怕万
一犯错，用这种闪烁其词的方法来避免明确的宣称。
250 decline [dɪ'klaɪn]
v/n.下降、衰退
【真题例句】
Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.
2002 TEXT3
之前两次的原油冲击都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球经济衰退。56
251 decoration [ˌdekə'reɪʃn]
n.装饰（品）
【真题例句】
Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more
impact than a lot. 2011 TEXT3
密斯的签名意味着更少的装饰，合理的组织比大量的装饰要更有影响力。
252 dedicate ['dedɪkeɪt]
v.献身、致力于
【真题例句】
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to
depicting happiness? 2006 TEXT4
毕竟，什么才是完全致力于描述快乐的一种现代表达方式？
253 deduce [dɪˈdju:s]
v.推理、推断
【真题例句】
been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.
2007 TEXT2
254 deem [di:m]
v.认为、视作
【真题例句】
To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once
deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies. 2010 TEXT1
今天读这些书会惊叹于这样一个事实：这些博学的内容曾经被认为适合于每天流
通的大众出版物。
255 defend [dɪ'fend]
v.保护、为……辩护
【真题例句】
Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of
others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. 2004 TEXT4
没有批判思考、为自己思想辩护和理解他人思想的能力，他们就无法完全参与我 57
们的民主。
256 defer [dɪ'fɝ:r]
v.延期、延迟
【真题例句】
This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years，leaving
the Postal Services unable to pay its bill except by deferring vital modernization. 2018
TEXT4
这就是近年来屡次试图改革立法均以失败告终的原因，结果便是邮政无力支付各
种费用，只能推迟至关重要的现代化。
257 deficiency [dɪˈ
fɪʃnsi]
n.缺点、缺乏
【真题例句】
Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that
guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency.2019TEXT1
多伦多大学心理学教授蒂娜•马尔蒂的研究表明，内疚可以弥补某种情感的缺陷。
258 define [dɪ'faɪn]
v.定义、（使）明确
【真题例句】
They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.
2016 TEXT1
他们认为美貌不应该被定义为以伤害健康为结果的外表。
259 deliberate [dɪ
'lɪ
bərət]
v.仔细考虑 adj.刻意的、故意的
【真题例句】
And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson
determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 2007 TEXT1
艾利克森坚称，学习有意义编码信息的最好方式就是被称作刻意练习的过程。
260 delicate ['delɪ
kət]
adj.精致的、微妙的
【真题例句】
In its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.2008 TEXT4
在早期，美国曾面对微妙的处境。58
261 deliver [dɪ
'lɪ
vɚr]
v.发表（演讲/讲话）、递送
【真题例句】
Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a
relaxed and unforced manner. 2002 TEXT1
讲话时包括一些随意和明显的即兴发挥的言辞，并且用放松的和自然的方式来发
表这些讲话。
262 delusion [dɪ'lu:ʒn]
n.错觉、妄想
【真题例句】
“I don’t think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says
Epley. 2014 TEXT2
“我不认为这些发现是任何个人错觉的证据”埃普蕾说道。
263 democratic ['demə'krætɪk]
adj.民主的
【真题例句】
It is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of
modern democratic states. 2015 TEXT1
富裕的贵族家庭仍然是当代民主国家的象征核心是令人匪夷所思的。
264 demographic [ˌdemə'ɡræfɪk]
adj.人口学的 n.人口统计数据
【真题例句】
Even demographics are working against the middle class family. 2007 TEXT3
甚至人口统计数据也对中产阶级家庭不利。
265 dense [dens]
adj.浓密的、稠密的
【真题例句】
clarity.
2017 TEXT2
坐落于太平洋，莫纳亚克山的最高点在稠密的大气层之上，那里的条件使得望远 59
266 deny [dɪ'naɪ
]
v.拒绝、否认
【真题例句】
The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling
agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW). 2016TEXT1
宪章的主要强制手段是拒绝设计师和模特代理机构进入哥本哈根时尚周（CFW）。
267 depart [dɪ'pɑ:rt]
v.离开、出发
【真题例句】
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his
explanation was surprisingly straight up. 2011TEXT2
当利亚姆•麦基于八月份离开美国银行行长一职时，他的解释是令人惊讶得直接了
当。
268 depict [dɪ'pɪkt]
v.描述、描绘
【真题例句】
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to
depicting happiness? 2006 TEXT4
毕竟，什么才是完全致力于描述快乐的一种现代表达方式？
269 depression [dɪ'preʃn]
n.沮丧、抑郁、（经济）萧条
【真题例句】
270 deprive [dɪ'praɪv]
v.剥夺、使丧失
【真题例句】
The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universities
have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education
and are thus deprived of its benefits. 2014 TEXT460
委员会忽略了数十年存在的问题，美国大学所培养出来的毕业生并没有真正了解
通识教育的内容和特点，因此没有从中受益。
271 derive [dɪ'raɪv]
v.来自、源于
【真题例句】
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely
untested theory. 2010 TEXT3
这种假设的意见领袖的重要性来自于一个看似可靠但是很大程度上未经测试的理
论。
272 descend [dɪ'send]
v.下降、遗传
【真题例句】
Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the
years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin. 2013 TEXT1
普瑞斯特利解释了她助理所穿的深蓝色这些年来是如何从时尚秀，下降到百货商
场，再沦为可以讨价还价的地摊货。
273 describe [dɪ'skraɪb]
v.描述、形容
【真题例句】
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez
describes.2008TEXT1
不是每个人都会经历阿尔瓦雷兹所描绘的这些严重的长期压力。
274 deserve [dɪ'zɝ:rv]
v.值得、应得
【真题例句】
“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts
and Sciences(AAAS),deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities
and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.
2014 TEXT4
275 designate ['dezɪ
ɡneɪt]61
v.把……命名为；把……定义为
【真题例句】
They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered”.2016 TEXT2
他们曾督促该机构定义这种鸟为“濒危”。
276 desire [dɪ'zaɪɚr]
v.渴望、想要 n.欲望、心愿
【真题例句】
A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the
disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears. 2005 TEXT3
一个世纪以前，弗洛伊德构建了他那革命性的理论：梦是我们被掩饰的潜意识里
的欲望和恐惧的影子。
277 desperate ['despərət]
adj.令人绝望的、不顾一切的
【真题例句】
Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones.2011 TEXT2
但是，这些不顾一切的措施被证明是正确的。
278 deteriorate [dɪ
'tɪ
rɪəreɪt]
v.恶化
【真题例句】
But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices
hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 2006 TEXT1
但是，尤其是当和美国混乱的过去相比时，如今的社会生活指数很难说表现了黑
暗和恶化的社会环境。
279 determine [dɪ
'tɝ:rmɪn]
v.决定、下定决心
【真题例句】
280 detrimental [ˌdetrɪ'mentl]62
adj.有害的、不利的
【真题例句】
They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever
progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions. 2019TEXT4
它们甚至可能是有害的，满足人们“已尽本分”的需求使得人们不愿意进一步采
取更大的、更勇敢的、更有效的行动。
281 devastating ['devəsteɪtiŋ]
adj.毁灭性的、破坏性极强的
【真题例句】
The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.
2008 TEXT1
来自于这些长期关系的磨损将会是破坏力极强的。
282 devise [dɪ'vaɪz]
v.设计、发明
【真题例句】
Since the dawn of human ingenuity,people have devised ever more cunning tools to
cope with work that is dangerous,boring,burdensome,or just plain nasty. 2002
TEXT2
自从人类创造力的开端，人们就设计了越来越多巧妙的工具来应对那些危险的、
枯燥的、繁重的、或者仅仅是肮脏的工作。
283 devoted [dɪ'voʊtɪd]
adj.忠实的、忠诚的、热衷于……的
【真题例句】
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance
are missing the point. 2011 TEXT1
忠实的音乐会粉丝回应道，录制的唱片不能成为现场演出的代替品，但是他们忽
略了一个要点。
284 differentiate [ˌdɪ
fə'renʃɪ
eɪt]
v.区分、区别
【真题例句】
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from
animals.2013 TEXT3
通过暂停的方式来弱化本能反应是一种把我们和动物区分开来的能力。63
285 diffuse [dɪ'fju:s]
v.传播、缓解
【真题例句】
Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress
before it threatens your health and your ability to function. 2008 TEXT1
阿尔瓦雷兹的经历表明在压力威胁到你的健康和身体机能之前寻求途径缓解压力
是相当重要的。
286 disaster [dɪ'zæstɚr]
n.灾难
【真题例句】
But it’s not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of
innocents. 2006 TEXT4
但早期社会又不是没有经历过连年乱战、天灾人祸和杀戮无辜。
287 discipline ['dɪ
səplɪn]
n.纪律、原则
【真题例句】
Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day
converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency. 2011 TEXT4
市场已经失去了这种信念：欧元区经济体，无论强弱，终会有一天一致感谢使用
单一汇率的原则。
288 disclose [dɪs'kloʊz]
v.揭露、公开
【真题例句】
Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in
America disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day
earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on
notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 2007
TEXT4
同时，6 月 17 日曝光的美国四千万信用卡账户的信息泄露使得美国联邦交易委员
会一天前做出的重要决定黯然失色。该决定警告美国公司，如果公司不能提供充
分的数据安全，管理者就会采取措施。
289 disconcerting [ˌdɪskən'sɜːrtɪŋ]64
adj.焦虑的、不安的
【真题例句】
Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world,and if those
faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can
be extremely disconcerting for the children.2017 TEXT2
婴儿天生就是通过观察父母的面部表情来了解他们的世界，但是如果父母面部毫
无表情或者毫无反应——父母沉迷于电子设备时经常如此——就会令孩子极度不
安。
290 discover [dɪ'skʌvɚr]
v.发现、发觉
【真题例句】
But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits,
we create parallel paths.2009 TEXT1
但脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新习惯时，我们会在大脑中生成平行的（神
经）通路。
291 discrimination [dɪˌskrɪmɪ'neɪʃn]
n.歧视、区别对待
【真题例句】
Over the past century,all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned
or made illegal.2004 TEXT2
在过去一个世纪，所有种类的不公平和歧视都已被谴责或列为非法。
292 disgrace [dɪs'ɡreɪs]
v.使丢脸、使蒙羞 n.耻辱、不光彩的事
【真题例句】
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. 2011 TEXT2
许多招聘人员表示，过去对于顶级职员而言的不光彩正在淡去。
293 disguise [dɪs'ɡaɪz]
v/n.掩饰、伪装
【真题例句】
的欲望和恐惧的影子。65
294 disintegrate [dɪs'ɪntɪ
ɡreɪt]
v.分解、衰退
【真题例句】
Death is normal;we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish,even under
ideal conditions.2003 TEXT4
死亡是正常的；我们在基因编程上就注定要分解和消亡，即使是在理想的条件下。
295 dismiss [dɪs'mɪs]
v.解散、解雇、排除
【真题例句】
Don’t dismiss that possibility entirely. 2018 TEXT1
不要彻底排除这种可能性。
296 disorder [dɪs'ɔ:rdɚr]
v.扰乱、使失调 n.混乱、病症（心理学）
【真题例句】
297 display [dɪ'spleɪ
]
v/n.展示、显示、表现
【真题例句】
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. 2014 TEXT4
美国人文与科学院对通识教育表现出了极大的热情。
298 disposable [dɪ'spoʊzəbl]
adj.一次性的、可任意处理的
【真题例句】
These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable and to
renew their wardrobe every few weeks.2013 TEXT1
这些品牌鼓励那些有时尚意识的消费者将衣服视为一次性物品，同时每隔几周就
更新一次衣橱。
299 disproportionately[ˌdisprə'pɔ:rʃənətli]
adv.不成比例地 66
【真题例句】
About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of
Oxford study ,with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. 2018 TEXT1
牛津大学的研究表明，美国的工作岗位中约有一半处于被自动化的高风险，而中
产阶级首当其冲遭受到了不成比例地挤压。
300 dispute ['dɪspju:t]
v/n.反对、争论
【真题例句】
Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to
avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.2017TEXT1
另一原因可能是更多旅客试图将随身行李塞得过满，以免去行李托运的费用，尽
管航空公司强烈反对这一做法。
301 disruptive [dɪs'rʌptɪv]
adj.破坏（性）的、颠覆（性）的
【真题例句】
New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's
protections.2015TEXT2
新的，颠覆性的技术有时需要对宪法保护条例进行创新性的应用。
302 distort [dɪ'stɔ:rt]
v.歪曲、扭曲
【真题例句】
They
could distort the achievement-based
system of
peer-review-led
research.2014TEXT3
它们可能扭曲以同行评审为指导，基于研究成果的科研体系。
303 distraction [dɪ'strækʃn]
n.分心、分神
【真题例句】
You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose
e-readers. 2016TEXT3
你可以通过只阅读实体书，或者是单一用途的电子阅读器，以此来限制分神。
304 distressed [dɪ'strest]
adj.烦恼的、难过的 67
【真题例句】
The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention.
2017TEXT2
随着孩子不停地努力吸引母亲的关注，她会变得越来越难过。
305 distribute [dɪ'strɪbju:t]
v.分发、分配
【真题例句】
As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science
prizes—both new and old—are distributed. 2014TEXT3
正如《自然》杂志之前所指出的，关于科学奖项—无论新旧—的分配方式，存在
着一些合理的担忧。
306 district ['dɪstrɪkt]
n.区域、地区
【真题例句】
Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into
construction in fire-prone districts.2017TEXT4
另一个全国性的担忧是来自其他机构的公共资金是否被用在火灾多发区域的建设
上。
307 disturb [dɪ'stɝ:rb]
v.打搅、使混乱
【真题例句】
Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or
businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird.2016TEXT2
例如，在这一计划下，该机构说它不会起诉非故意杀死、伤害或是打搅这种鸟类
的土地所有者或是企业。
308 diverse [daɪ'vɝ:rs]
adj.不同的、多样的
【真题例句】
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and
more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate
consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging
ways.2011TEXT3
这些重大的技术变革给市场营销者带来了更多的（以及更多样化的）传播选择。68
同时，这些技术变革也增加了风险，那就是激动的消费者会以更快、更明显和更
具破坏力的方式发表他们的观点。
309 divisive [di'vaɪ
sɪv]
adj.分裂的、有分歧的
【真题例句】
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? 2006 TEXT1
在美国还存在分裂事件和少许极度愤怒吗？
310 domestic [də'mestɪk]
adj.家庭的、国内的
【真题例句】
The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic
situations,by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be
one-shot deals.2008TEXT1
女性面临的各种人际间暴力往往是在家庭环境中，且不幸的是，这种暴力来自于
父母或其他家庭成员，而且倾向于不是一次性的事件。
311 dominate ['dɑ:mɪneɪt]
v.统治、主导
【真题例句】
Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America,it’s still a big deal.
2015 TEXT3
我们不要忘记运动—在男性主导的美国企业中，这仍是件大事。
312 donate ['doʊneɪt]
v.捐献、捐赠
【真题例句】
Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to
donate to the good causes it helps. 2016 TEXT3
第二，客户可能愿意购买某一公司的产品，用这种间接方式捐赠该企业所帮助的
慈善事业。
313 doom [du:m]
n.厄运、灾难
But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply
worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see
progress. 2017TEXT3
但是，政策制定者们若能重新集中努力提升幸福感，而非仅仅担忧 GDP 数字，就
可能避免预期的灾难，甚至可能见证进步。
314 dormant ['dɔ:rmənt]
adj.休眠的、静止的
【真题例句】
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by
some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.
2017TEXT2
争论的焦点是 TMT 规划选址位于莫纳克亚山。这是一座休眠的火山，被许多夏威
夷人尊奉为连接夏威夷群岛与众天神的脐带。
315 dramatic [drə'mætɪk]
adj.戏剧（性）的、剧烈的
【真题例句】
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face. 2010TEXT2
对商业方法专利申请的限制将会是一次剧烈的 180 度翻脸。
316 drastic ['dræstɪk]
adj.激烈的、剧烈的
【真题例句】
Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger
Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.
2016 TEXT4
最近的一项民意调查发现，在经济形式和人口结构发生剧烈变化的背景下，美国
年轻一代正在描绘一幅全新的 21 世纪成功路线图。
317 dreadful ['dredfl]
adj.可怕的、糟糕的
【真题例句】
Consumers say they’re not in despair because,despite the dreadful headlines,their own
fortunes still feel pretty good. 2004 TEXT3
消费者说他们并没有绝望，因为尽管报纸上可怕的头条新闻随处可见，但是他们
自己的资产仍然感觉良好。70
318 drought [draʊt]
n.干旱、旱灾
【真题例句】
Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California,
most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
2019TEXT2
自 2010 年起，旱灾和虫灾已已经杀死了加州超过 1 亿的树木，其中绝大多数都发
生在 2016 年，并且野火也烧尽了数十万英亩森林。
319 duplication [ˌdju:plɪ'keɪʃn]
n.重复、复制、副本
【真题例句】
Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and
believed. 2012 TEXT3
重复和确认已经被人们所知和深信的知识几乎不会伴随任何回报。
320 durable ['dʊrəbl]
adj.持续的、持久的、耐用的
【真题例句】
The stress women confront tends to be durable and frequent. 2008 TEXT1
女性所面对的压力往往是持久的和频繁的。
321 dynamic [daɪ'næmɪk]
adj.动力（学）的、动态的 n.动力、动态
【真题例句】
We can’t yet give a robot enough “common sense” to reliably interact with a dynamic
world. 2002 TEXT2
我们目前还不能给机器人足够的“常识”让它去和动态的世界可靠得互动。
322 economic [ˌi:kə'nɑ:mɪk]
adj.经济（学）的
【真题例句】
Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased
people’s anxiety. 2005 TEXT3
恐怖主义、经济的不确定性及普遍的不安全感都增加了人们的焦虑。71
323 effective [ɪ'fektɪv]
adj.有效的
【真题例句】
It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines
are obvious. 2017 TEXT1
航空安检是否变得更加有效尚不清楚—但候机队伍是显而易见的。
324 efficient [ɪ'fɪʃnt]
adj.有效率的
【真题例句】
Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained
merely by becoming more efficient. 2016 TEXT3
深度阅读需要的不仅仅是时间，而是一种特殊时间，这种时间仅凭提高效率是无
法获得的。
325 effort ['efərt]
n.努力、尝试
【真题例句】
It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to
give his students a better future. 2018 TEXT1
史蒂文感到好像必须要证明自己努力给学生一个更美好的未来是合理的，这令人
奇怪。
326 elaborate [ɪ'læbəret]
v.精心准备、详细阐述 adj.精心的、详尽的
【真题例句】
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized
poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem
old-fashioned to most English-speakers. 2005 TEXT4
俄罗斯人深爱自己的语言，并把大段大段背诵的诗歌放进他们的脑海中；同时意
大利的政客们往往精心准备演讲，尽管这些语言在大多英语使用者看来已经过时
了。
327 elect [ɪ'lekt]
v.推选、选举
【真题例句】
Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems 72
without fear of prosecution for bribery. 2017 TEXT4
被选举的领导人必须被允许去帮助支持者处理官僚问题，并且避免行贿控诉的担
忧。
328 elegant ['elɪ
gənt]
adj.优美的、优雅的
【真题例句】
People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”launched by the 19th-century
department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.” 2006
TEXT1
人们被吸入一种由 19 世纪的百货商场发起的“消费文化”中，这些商场“在优雅的氛
围中提供了琳琅满目的商品”。
329 element ['elɪmənt]
n.元素、要素、成分
【真题例句】
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed
in school and in life. 2007 TEXT2
这些标准化的测试可能无法评估一个人在学校和生活中取得成功的所有重要元
素。
330 elevate ['elɪveɪt]
v.提高、提升
【真题例句】
Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of
a particular industry. 2016 TEXT1
更大的好处在于帮助把美的观念提升到特定产业的物质标准之上。
331 eligible ['elɪ
dʒəbl]
adj.合格的、有资格的
【真题例句】
Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.
2017TEXT1
通过了背景调查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道。
332 eliminate [ɪ
'lɪmɪneɪt]
v.消除、排除 73
【真题例句】
Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a
question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert. 2004TEXT1
例如，缩小搜索条件可能对你产生不利的影响，一位专家说：“你每回答一次问题，
就排除了一个机会。”
333 elite [ɪˈliːt]
n.精英
【真题例句】
Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,these were stores “anyone
could enter, regardless of class or background.” 2006TEXT1
334 embarrassing [ɪm'bærəsɪŋ]
adj.令人尴尬的
【真题例句】
It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is
minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. 2014 TEXT1
失业在经济上是可怕的，在心理上是尴尬的，同时你知道救济极少且极难获得。
335 embrace [ɪm'breɪs]
v/n.拥抱、接受
【真题例句】
There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their
cultural heritage and to study the stars. 2017TEXT2
完全没有理由拒绝任何人到莫纳克亚山上拥抱其文化传统和研究星体。
336 emerge [ɪ'mɝ:rdʒ]
v.出现、显现
【真题例句】
Peer pressure often emerges as a cause of undesirable behaviors. 2012TEXT1
同辈压力通常都是作为不良行为的诱因而出现的。
337 emigrate ['emɪ
ɡreɪt]
v.移民（出），离开
A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his
reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. 2009 TEXT4
一位名叫约翰•丹奈的裁缝，于 17 世纪 30 年代后期离开英格兰，他所留下的关于
离开英格兰原因的描述里充满了神迹。
338 emission [ɪ'mɪʃn]
n.排放（量）
【真题例句】
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030—
financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions-permit auctions. 2019 TEXT2
加州计划在 2020 年之前每年处理 35000 英亩，在 2030 年之前每年处理 60000 英
亩—资金主要来源于该州“排放许可”拍卖的收益。
339 emotional [ɪ'moʊʃənl]
adj.情绪的、情感的
【真题例句】
要性。
340 emphasize ['emfəsaɪz]
v.强调、重视
【真题例句】
The market value of customer data should be emphasized. 2007 TEXT4
客户数据的市场价值应该被重视。
341 empower [ɪm'paʊɚr]
v.授权、允许
【真题例句】
Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the
policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule. 2012 TEXT1
然而这项政策不是授权给教师去寻求最适合学生的作业，而是强加了一个扁平化，
一刀切的规定。
342 encode [ɪn'koʊd]
v.编码 75
【真题例句】
And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson
determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. 2007 TEXT1
艾利克森坚称，学习有意义编码信息的最好方式就是被称作刻意练习的过程。
343 encounter [ɪn'kaʊntɚr]
v/n.遭遇、对抗
【真题例句】
After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards
Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. 2010 TEXT4
经过与国会的一场激烈对抗后，美国财务会计准则委员会（FASB）匆匆修改了规
则。
344 endeavor [ɪn'dɛvɚ]
v/n.努力、尝试
【真题例句】
It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavour.
2008 TEXT2
它标志着科学努力目前为止的一个关键要素发生的一种变化。
345 endure [ɪn'dʊr]
v.忍受、延续
【真题例句】
The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why
shouldn’t we? 2013 TEXT3
化石记录表明许多物种已经延续了数百年之久—那么我们人类为何就不能呢？
346 engage [ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ]
v.从事、参与
【真题例句】
That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.
2016TEXT3
那就是，利用其资源并从事旨在增加盈利的活动。
347 enhance [ɪn'hæns]
v.提高、增加、加强
Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the
improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports.
2017TEXT1
加强的安全措施，结合了因经济增长和低油价所致的航空旅行的上升，导致了主
要机场的长时间等待。
348 enlarge [ɪn'lɑ:rdʒ]
v.扩大、放大
【真题例句】
Unions have enlarged their public-sector membership. 2012TEXT4
工会已经扩大了来自于公共部门的会员数量。
349 enormous [ɪ'nɔ:rməs]
adj.巨大的
【真题例句】
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.
2012 TEXT1
毫无疑问，我们的同辈对我们的行为有巨大的影响。
350 enrage [in'reɪdʒ]
v.激怒
【真题例句】
Enraged by Entergy's behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against
allowing an extension. 2012TEXT2
被 Entergy 公司的行为激怒，佛蒙特州参议院去年以 26：4 的投票否决了它的延期
申请。
351 ensure [ɪn'ʃʊr]
v.确保、保证
【真题例句】
To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to draw on our experience from the past.
2013TEXT3
为了确保人类的未来，从我们的过去提取经验是非常重要的。
352 entail [ɪn'teɪl]
v.需要
Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. 2007 TEXT1
“刻意练习”需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务。
353 entertainment [ˌentər'teɪnmənt]
n.娱乐，消遣
【真题例句】
Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the
disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies. 2018 TEXT3
脸书和谷歌这两大虚拟巨头统治了数字广告，这对于所有其他媒体和娱乐公司是
不利的。
354 enthusiasm [ɪn'θu:zɪæzəm]
n.热情
【真题例句】
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. 2014 TEXT4
美国人文与科学院对通识教育表现出了极大的热情。
355 entirely [ɪn'taɪɚrli]
adv.完全地、彻底地
【真题例句】
we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells. 2009 TEXT1
经）通路，甚至生成全新的脑细胞。
356 entitle [ɪn'taɪtl]
v.给……命名、授予……称号、使有权利/资格
【真题例句】
The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are
entitled to more freedom. 2015 TEXT2
尽管如此，最高法院可能还想为警方留下一些空间，以让他们提出有权行使更多
自主行为的情形。
357 envision [ɪn'vɪʒn]
v.想象、构想
【真题例句】
That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration 78
358 epidemic [ˌepɪ'demɪk]
adj.传染性的、流行的 n.传染病、流行病、流行、风行
【真题例句】
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the
range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.
2013 TEXT3
如今，随着我们对自身面临的一系列威胁（从小行星撞击到流行感冒，再到气候
变迁）有了更加深刻的理解，乌托邦式的幻想逐渐变得不再流行。
359 equality [ɪ'kwɑ:ləti]
n.公平、平等
【真题例句】
Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across
measures including civil society,income equality and the environment. 2017 TEXT3
一些相对贫困的欧洲国家见证了包括公民社会、收入平等和环境等方面的测量结
果的巨大提升。
360 equivalent [ɪ'kwɪ
vələnt]
adj.等价的、相当于 n.等价物
【真题例句】
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation,is it any wonder that admitting
you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? 2011
TEXT4
在一个不断颂扬生育的社会中，承认自己后悔生育孩子就相当于承认支持杀死小
猫有什么奇怪的呢？
361 essential [ɪ'senʃl]
adj.本质的、必要的 n.要素、必需品
【真题例句】
I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more
essential than expert review. 2015 TEXT3
我认为，对于当前大部分科研论文来说，统计审查比专家审查更为必要。79
362 establish [ɪˈstæblɪʃ]
v.创立、建立
【真题例句】
According to many books and articles, New England's leaders established the basic
themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American
intellectual life. 2009 TEXT4
根据许多书籍和文献记载，新英格兰领导者建立了美国精神生活中逐渐发展并占
据主流地位的清教传统的基本主题和关注重点。
363 esteem [ɪ'sti:m]
v/n.尊敬、尊重
【真题例句】
Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. 2017
TEXT2
观星者曾是夏威夷社会中最受尊敬的成员之一。
364 estimate ['estɪmeɪt]
v/n.评估、估价
【真题例句】
Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living
biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in
that biomass over time. 2006 TEXT3
其研究方法不是试图评估特定海域中鱼类的实际生物量（活体生物的数量），而
是评估随着时间推移这些生物量的变化。
365 ethical ['eθɪkl]
adj.伦理的、道德的
【真题例句】
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may
be the best step. 2016 TEXT1
依靠道德说服而不是法律来处理对身材典范的误用也许是最好的一步。
366 evade [ɪ'veɪd]
v.使......感到困难、逃避
【真题例句】
What is being called artificial intelligence，machines that would imitate the way humans 80
think，continue to evade scientists. 2019 TEXT3
目前所谓的通用人工智能—模仿人类思维方式的机器—仍然让科学家感到困难。
367 evaluate [ɪ'væljueɪt]
v.评价、评估
【真题例句】
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based
on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. 2016
TEXT3
总之，研究得出结论：尽管检举人应该只基于是非曲直来评估案件，但他们似乎
确实被公司 CSR 的记录所影响了。
368 evaporate [ɪˈvæpəreɪt]
v.蒸发、消失
【真题例句】
The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely
evaporated . 2008TEXT1
美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的工作保障在很大程度上已经消失。
369 eventually [ɪ'ventʃuəli]
adv.最终、终于
【真题例句】
Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine
to control terminally ill patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually
kill the patient. 2002TEXT4
近些年，医生一直使用这项原则，以证明自己给病危患者注射大剂量吗啡来镇痛
的行为是合理的，尽管日益增加的剂量最终会导致病人死亡。
370 evidence ['evɪdəns]
n.证据、证明
【真题例句】
Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most
important variable,teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and
promoting good ones.2012 TEXT4
尽管大量证据表明，教师素质是最重要的变量，但教师工会还是一直反对优胜劣
汰。81
371 evolve [ɪ'vɑ:lv]
v.发展、进化
【真题例句】
humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million
years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.2005 TEXT1
372 exaggerate [ɪ
ɡ'zædʒəreɪt]
v.夸大、夸张
【真题例句】
The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they exaggerated the
real value of their assets.2010 TEXT4
作者认为银行是“犯错一方”，因为他们夸大了他们资产的真实价值。
373 excellent ['eksələnt]
adj.优秀的、很好的
【真题例句】
It becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds,
of thousands of years.2013 TEXT3
很明显我们人类有很好的机会继续生存几万年，甚至是几十万年。
374 exception [ɪk'sepʃn]
n.例外
【真题例句】
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other
profession — with the possible exception of journalism. 2014 TEXT2
在全世界，律师要比任何其他职业的从业人员更能招致敌意——新闻业可能是个
例外。
375 excessive [ɪ
kˈsesɪv]
adj.过度的、过量的
【真题例句】
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by
promoting extreme dieting. 2016 TEXT1
议会还达成一致，取缔通过提倡极端节食来“鼓动过度瘦削”的网站。82
376 exclusive [ɪk'sklu:sɪv]
adj.排他的、专有的
【真题例句】
That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings,initially by
emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of
online transactions.
2010 TEXT2
那项裁决导致了商业方法专利申请卷宗的爆发，起初是新兴网络公司试图对在线
交易的一些特定类型占得专有权。
377 executive [ɪ
ɡ'zekjətɪv]
adj.执行的、行政的 n.执行者、经理
【真题例句】
会想要离开。
378 exert [ɪ
ɡ'zɝ:rt]
v.施加、发挥
【真题例句】
Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global
influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.2010
TEXT3
无论一个人在局部区域多有影响力，只有存在关键性人群能够扩散一种连锁反应
的时候，他或她才能发挥全球性的影响。
379 exhaust [ɪ
ɡ'zɔ:st]
v.排出、耗尽、使精疲力尽
【真题例句】
They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. 2006
TEXT4
他们工作到精疲力尽，生活几乎没有任何保障，且年纪轻轻便会死去。
380 exhibit [ɪ
ɡ'z
ɪ
b
ɪt]
v.显示、表现出、展览 83
【真题例句】
In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to
memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the
information.2007 TEXT1
换句话说，不论两个人在记忆能力方面表现出多大的先天差异，这些差异都会被
个体“编码”信息能力的强弱所掩埋。
381 expand [ɪk'spænd]
v.扩大、扩展
【真题例句】
Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem
objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal
of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies
concerned.
2011 TEXT3
除了能够产生收入之外，其他营销商的存在也使该网站看上去公正客观，同时给
各公司提供机会了解其他公司成功营销策略的宝贵信息，并且可能帮助所有相关
企业扩大用户访问量。
382 expensive [ɪk'spensɪv]
adj.昂贵的、奢侈的
【真题例句】
The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a
pretty hierarchical view of the world.2015 TEXT1
危险将随查尔斯而至，他不仅有奢侈的生活品位，而且有着很强的等级观念。
383 expire [ɪk'spaɪɚr]
v.到期、终止
【真题例句】
While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact
that the existing 4.5bn pounds programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set
to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then.2014 TEXT4
虽然这些措施在短期内会受到欢迎，但是我们必须正视一个事实：现有的用于投
资建设新的经济适用房的 45 亿英镑资助项目将于 2015 年到期，且到时不太可能
延期。
384 explicit [ɪk'splɪ
sɪt]84
adj.清楚的、明确的
【真题例句】
Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?
Or should they have explicit permission?2013 TEXT2
广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并收到广告？还是应该获取用户的明确许可。
385 exploit [ɪk'splɔɪt]
v.开发、利用
【真题例句】
While traditional "paid" media — such as television commercials and print
advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative
forms of media.
2011 TEXT3
虽然传统的“付费”媒介—如电视广告和平面广告—依然扮演主要角色，但企业如
今还可以利用许多其他形式的媒介。
386 explore [ɪk'splɔ:r]
v.探索、探测、探险
【真题例句】
Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know
ourselves and our true ancestral homes.2017 TEXT2
也许这就是我们探索星空的原因，仿佛在回应一个原始召唤，去了解我们自己和
我们祖先的真正家园。
387 explosion [ɪk'sploʊʒn]
n.爆炸、爆发、激增
【真题例句】
That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by
emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of
2010 TEXT2
388 export [ˌekspɔːrt]
v/n.输出、出口
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.
2002 TEXT3
本周，原油价格随着伊拉克暂停原油出口被推上新高。
389 expose [ɪk'spoʊz]
v.面临、遭受、（使）暴露、（使）曝光
【真题例句】
The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic
situations,by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be
one-shot deals.2008TEXT1
女性面临的各种人际间暴力往往是在家庭环境中，且不幸的是，这种暴力来自于
父母或其他家庭成员，而且倾向于不是一次性的事件。
390 express [ɪk'spres]
v.表露、表达
【真题例句】
While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also
understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they
helped to create. 2008TEXT4
尽管华盛顿和杰斐逊私下都表达过对奴隶制的反感，但他们也明白奴隶制是他们
帮助创建的这个国家的政治与经济基石的一部分。
391 extend [ɪk'stend]
v.延长、延期
【真题例句】
While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact
that the existing 4.5bn pounds programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set
to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then.2014 TEXT4
虽然这些措施在短期内会受到欢迎，但是我们必须正视一个事实：现有的用于投
资建设新的经济适用房的 45 亿英镑资助项目将于 2015 年到期，且到时不太可能
延期。
392 external [ɪk'stɝ:rnl]
adj.外部的、表面的
【真题例句】
The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.
2015 TEXT386
SBoRE 专家组随后会聘请外部的统计学家来审查这些原稿。
393 extinguish [ɪk'stɪŋɡwɪʃ]
v.使熄灭、使破灭
【真题例句】
If good people do nothing,there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will
extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.2003 TEXT2
如果好人无所作为，一群不明真相的民众真的有可能熄灭医学进步的珍贵火种。
394 extract ['ekstrækt]
v.提炼、提取、取出、拔出
【真题例句】
So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from
the mouths of his slaves. 2008 TEXT4
所以他雇佣了一名牙医往他的口腔里移植了 9 颗牙齿——这些牙齿是从他的奴隶
们嘴里拔出来的。
395 extraordinarily [ɪk'strɔ:rdə'nerəlɪ
]
adv.极度地
【真题例句】
minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.2014 TEXT1
失业在经济上是可怕的，在心理上是尴尬的，同时你知道救济极少且极难获得。
396 fabric ['fæbrɪk]
n. 织物、结构
【真题例句】
We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social
fabric.
2012 TEXT4
我们仍要等待才能真切地看到这些艰难时光将如何重塑我们的社会结构。
397 facilitate [fə'sɪ
lɪ'teɪt]
v.促进、有助于
【真题例句】
In a changing world,cautiousness facilitates problem-solving. 2016 TEXT4
在不断改变的世界里，小心谨慎有助于解决问题。87
398 fade [feɪd]
v.褪色、变弱、逐渐消失
【真题例句】
In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. 2010 完型
在美国，随着更暖和天气的到来，新的情况似乎在逐渐消失。
399 faint [feɪnt]
adj.模糊的、微弱的、勉强的
【真题例句】
That seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.2011
TEXT1
这种描述至少在一些《纽约时报》读者听起来是一种勉强的赞誉之词。
400 fake [feɪk]
adj.假的、伪造的 n.假货、赝品
【真题例句】
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that
undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past
airport security nearly every time they tried.2017 TEXT1
去年，美国运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现，便衣调查员几乎每次都能偷
偷地携带武器通过机场安检——无论武器是真的还是假的。
401 familiar [fə'mɪliɚr]
adj.熟悉的、常见的
【真题例句】
Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot
and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.2009 TEXT1
习惯是一件有趣的事情。我们无需思考地按其行事，将我们的大脑设为自动驾驶
模式并放松地进入常规惯例带来的无意识舒适状态。
402 fantastic [fæn'tæstɪk]
adj.异想天开的、不切实际的、极好的
【真题例句】
Decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.2009 TEXT1
果断源于异想天开的想法。88
403 fascinate ['fæsɪ'neɪt]
v.入迷、使着迷
【真题例句】
The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II
and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.2003 TEXT1
这位美国间谍大师曾经在第二次世界大战间建立了战略服务局，后来又为中央情
报局的成立奠定了基础，他对情报极其痴迷。
404 fatal ['feɪtl]
adj.致命的、重大的
【真题例句】
Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. 2017 TEXT1
从一开始，价格就是预检程序的致命缺陷。
405 favor ['fevɚr]
v/n.喜爱、帮助
【真题例句】
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and
they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.
2016 TEXT4
那些最忠实的顾客仍然会去为他们喜欢的产品买单，并且会感觉到他们正在帮助
维持他们所坚信的事物的质量。
406 feverish ['fi:vərɪʃ]
adj.发烧的、发热的、狂热的
【真题例句】
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or at
odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed.2013 TEXT1
这种时尚行业自上而下的观念早已过时，或者说和《过度着装》一书所描绘的狂
热世界不同。
407 fiction ['fɪ
kʃn]
n.小说
【真题例句】
And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction,they have
begun to come close. 2002 TEXT2
如果说科学家尚未创造出科幻小说的现实版本，那么他们已经开始接近这个目标 89
了。
408 fierce [fɪrs]
adj.凶猛的、激烈的
【真题例句】
Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.
2003 TEXT3
他们认为，任何垄断的威胁都被来自卡车运输的激烈竞争消除了。
409 figure ['fɪ
ɡjɚr]
v.计算 n.数字、图表、人物
【真题例句】
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.2006 TEXT3
沃尔姆博士承认这些数字是保守的。
410 financial [faɪ'nænʃl]
adj.金融的、财务的
【真题例句】
Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that they are more
vulnerable to changes in family economics.2007 TEXT3
今天的双薪家庭承担了更大的财务风险因为他们对于家庭经济的改变会更加脆
弱。
411 finite ['faɪnaɪt]
adj.有限的
【真题例句】
Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop
paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. 2003
TEXT4
有些学者总结说，资源有限的政府就应该停止支付维持某一年龄以上生命的医疗
费用—比如 83 岁左右。
412 flaw [flɔ:]
n.缺陷、瑕疵、裂缝
【真题例句】
The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work
very well for very long.2012 TEXT190
正如书中所揭示的那样，社会治疗最明显的缺陷就是它不能长时间有效。
413 flexibility [ˌfleksə'bɪ
ləti]
n.弹性、灵活性
【真题例句】
These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more
flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements.2010
TEXT4
这些规则使得银行在使用模型评估非流动资产方面拥有更多的自由，在确认损益
表上长期资产损失时获得更大的灵活性。
414 flourish [ˈflɜːrɪʃ]
v/n.繁荣、兴旺
【真题例句】
It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves
railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will
fail.2003 TEXT3
这种理论得到了很多经济学家的赞同，但在实际操作中，它使得铁路公司处在这
一个地位上，可以决定哪些公司兴旺，哪些失败。
415 folk [foʊk]
adj.民间的 n.人们（多用复数）
【真题例句】
And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
2004 TEXT3
同时大多数人仍然对于他们找到工作，并保持工作的能力充满信心。
416 foresee [fɔ:r'si:]
v.预见、预知
【真题例句】
Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t
foresee what would happen next. 2012 TEXT2
要么是 Entergy 公司从来没有真正想遵守那些承诺，要么就是它没有预见到下一步
会发生什么。
417 foreshadow [fɔ:r'ʃædoʊ]
v.预示、是…的预兆 91
【真题例句】
Even before the invention of the electric light bulb，the author produced a remarkable
work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised
by technology yet to come. 2019 TEXT3
甚至早在电灯泡发明之前，这位作家就创造出一部非凡的推理小说，预示了未来
技术将引发的诸多伦理问题。
418 formal ['fɔ:rml]
adj.正式的、正规的
【真题例句】
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing,” has spelt the death
of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. 2005 TEXT4
然而，“做自己的事”这一对于真实和个性的崇尚，导致了正式的演讲、写作、诗
歌和音乐的消亡。
419 foster ['fa:stɚr]
v.促进、助长
【真题例句】
That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. 2009 TEXT1
这是一直以来我们所编造的一个谎言，并且该谎言促进了平庸。
420 foundation [faʊn'deɪʃn]
n.创立、根据、基础、基金（会）
【真题例句】
It identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments,
universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to "maintain
national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." 2014
TEXT4
它确定了“联邦、州及地方政府、大学、基金会、教育家、个人捐助者和其他组织
或个人”能够采取什么行动来“保持国家在人文科学与社会科学领域学术及教育方
面的卓越”。
421 fraction ['frækʃn]
n.（小）部分、少量
【真题例句】
In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. 2013 TEXT2
在网络时代，起码在理论上，这个部分可以被大幅削减。92
422 fragile ['frædʒl]
adj.脆弱的、易碎的
【真题例句】
Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early
leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. 2008 TEXT4
多位历史学家的著作揭示了美国早期领袖们在道德方面的妥协，以及美国建国初
期的脆弱本质。
423 frame [freɪm]
n.框架、体系、（人或动物的）躯体
【真题例句】
管理者一直以来都非常乐意调整队服以适应越来越多更加高大的躯体。
424 freeze [fri:z]
v.冻结
【真题例句】
These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU
mega-projects and even the suspension of a country's voting rights in EU ministerial
councils.
2011 TEXT4
这些惩罚包括：威胁冻结提供给较贫困地区和重大项目的欧盟资金，甚至暂停一
个国家在欧盟部长会议上的投票权。
425 frugal ['fru:ɡl]
adj.朴素的、节俭的
【真题例句】
Here’s his advice for frugal foodies. 2013 新题型
这是他对俭节俭美食家的建议。
426 frustrate ['frʌstreɪt]
v.挫败、（使）受挫
【真题例句】
Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in
the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically 93
justified.
2003 TEXT4
医生—挫败于治疗疾病的无能为力，同时害怕病人失去希望，—往往提供了远超
科学上合理的过激治疗。
427 fulfill [ful'fɪl]
v.完成、实现
【真题例句】
A robot can fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery. 2002 TEXT2
机器人可以完成如脑部手术这样的复杂任务。
428 function ['fʌŋkʃn]
v.运行、起作用 n.功能
【真题例句】
429 fund [fʌnd]
v.投资、资助 n.资金、基金
【真题例句】
In contrast to the U.S., Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care more
reasonably. 2003 TEXT4
与美国不同，日本和瑞典对医疗卫生事业的资助更加合理。
430 fuse [fju:z]
v.融入、融合
【真题例句】
It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and,
though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’
identity to appearance. 2012 TEXT2
不是说粉色本身不好，而是说它只是彩虹的一小部分而已。同时，尽管从某个方
面来说粉色颂扬了少女特性，但它也不断地，牢牢地把女孩特性和外貌融合到一
起。
431 garment ['gɑ:rmənt]94
n.衣服、服装
【真题例句】
Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year—about 64 items per
person. 2013 TEXT1
她发现，美国人一年大约购买 200 亿件衣服—每个人大约 64 件。
432 generate ['dʒenəreɪt]
v.产生、引起
【真题例句】
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other
profession—with the possible exception of journalism. 2014 TEXT2
在全世界，律师要比任何其他职业的从业人员更能招致敌意——新闻业可能是个
例外。
433 generous ['dʒenərəs]
adj.慷慨的、大方的、大量的
【真题例句】
After 2015, the government may stop generous funding to the housing sector.
2014 TEXT4
在 2015 年以后，政府可能会停止对房地产行业的慷慨资助。
434 genetic [dʒə'netɪk]
adj.基因的、遗传的
【真题例句】
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference
collections to which a sample is compared. 2009 TEXT2
批评家还指出，商业基因测试的结果取决于用于样本比对的参考数据库。
435 genius ['dʒi:niəs]
n.天才、天赋
【真题例句】
They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. 2014 TEXT3
它们使孤独天才的神话持续。
436 genuinely ['dʒenjuɪnli]
adv.真诚地、诚实地
If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image—which most did—they
genuinely believed it was really how they looked. 2014 TEXT2
如果被试很快选择一个虚伪的美好形象—他们大部分这样做了—他们真诚地相信
这就是他们真正看上去的样子。
437 giant ['dʒaɪənt]
adj.巨大的
【真题例句】
Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant
observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. 2017
TEXT2
大天文台。
438 glamorous ['glæmərəs]
adj.迷人的、富有魅力的
【真题例句】
It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because
Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is
not a haircut. 2011 TEXT4
很难想象，许多人愚蠢到要生孩子仅仅是因为瑞茜和安吉莉娜这样的明星把抚养
孩子这种行为变得如此充满魅力：大部分成年人都明白养孩子不是理发那么简单。
439 gloom [ɡlu:m]
n.阴暗、忧郁
【真题例句】
So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? 2002 TEXT3
那么这次警告人们忧郁和灾难的头条新闻在哪里呢？
440 glory ['ɡlɔ:ri]
n.荣耀、辉煌
【真题例句】
A “legacy product” helps restore the glory of former times. 2016 TEXT4
“传统产品”有助于恢复昔日的辉煌。
441 grant [ɡrænt]
v.授予、允许 96
【真题例句】
In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300
business-method patents，despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting
them. 2010 TEXT2
2005 年，IBM 公司在一份法院案卷中发现，公司已经被授予了 300 多个商业方法
专利，尽管 IBM 对授予这些专利的法律基础也提出质疑。
442 grasp [ɡræsp]
v/n.抓住、理解
【真题例句】
Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines,
ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. 2004 TEXT4
智力尝试去理解、运用、排序和调节，而才智是审视、思考、探究、形成理论、
批判和想象。
443 gratification [ˌɡrætɪ
fɪ'keɪʃn]
n.喜悦、满足（感）
【真题例句】
Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,
Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be
sources of intense gratification and delight.” 2011 TEXT4
444 gratitude ['ɡrætɪtu:d]
n.感激、感谢
【真题例句】
It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. 2014 TEXT3
明智的做法是心怀感激并优雅地接受这些奖项。
445 greed [ɡri:d]
n.贪婪
【真题例句】
It brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way
matched by few other industries. 2010 TEXT1
它（艺术品市场）将巨大的财富、超强的自尊、贪婪、激情，还有各种争议通通
汇聚在一起，令其他行业相形见绌。97
446 grievance ['gri:vəns]
n.委屈、不满
【真题例句】
Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that
other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. 2005
TEXT1
这种行为被看作是“人之常情”，因为我们有一个潜在的假设：其他动物没有能力
发展出如此高度发达的不满情绪。
447 grip [ɡrɪp]
v/n.抓住、握紧、控制
【真题例句】
Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully
and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with
children who show the least intellectual promise”. 2004 TEXT4
霍夫斯塔特说，我们国家的教育体系被这样的人所掌控，他们“沾沾自喜地、霸气
十足地公然宣称敌视才智，并迫不及待地找到那些看来在才智方面最没有前途的
孩子。”
448 guarantee [ˌɡærən'ti:]
v/n.保证、确保
【真题例句】
Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information. 2003 TEXT1
Straitford 公司确保它信息的真实性。
449 habitat ['hæbɪtæt]
n.栖息地、生长环境
【真题例句】
Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that
damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund. 2016 TEXT2
该计划是由 USFWS 和西部各州协商制定的，他要求因运营需要而破坏栖息地的个
人和企业向一个基金支付罚款。
450 hasten ['heɪsn]
v.加速
George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that,
as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has
done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. 2002 TEXT4
波士顿大学健康法律系主任乔治•安娜思坚持认为，只要有医生开药是出于合理的
医疗目的，那么即使病人服用此药会加速死亡，医生的行为也没有违法。
451 hemisphere ['hemɪsfɪr]
n.半球
【真题例句】
Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern
hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. 2002 TEXT3
强劲的经济增长以及冬季控制北半球，都可能使原油价格在短期内继续上涨。
452 heritage ['herɪ
tɪ
dʒ]
n.遗产、传统
【真题例句】
There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their
cultural heritage and to study the stars. 2017 TEXT2
完全没有理由拒绝任何人到莫纳克亚山上拥抱其文化传统和研究星体。
453 hierarchical [ˌhaɪə'rɑ:rkɪkl]
adj.分层的、分级的、等级森严的
【真题例句】
The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a
pretty hierarchical view of the world.2015 TEXT1
危险将随查尔斯而至，他不仅有奢侈的生活品位，而且有着很强的等级观念。
454 hijack ['haɪ
dʒæk]
v/n.劫持、强行控制
【真题例句】
By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked
fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. 2013
TEXT1
克莱恩认为，通过以极其低廉的价格来提供时尚物品，这些品牌已经强行控制了
时装周期，进而撼动了长期以来适应了季度节奏的时尚产业。
455 hinder ['hɪndɚr]99
v.阻碍、妨碍
【真题例句】
According to Justice Anthony Keenedy, the physical presence rule has hindered
economic development. 2019 TEXT4
根据大法官安东尼•肯尼迪，“实体存在”规则阻碍了经济发展。
456 horizon [hə'raɪzn]
n.地平线
【真题例句】
The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early
Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.
2017 TEXT2
当年，“地平线那边有什么”的好奇心最先把早期的波利尼西亚人带到了夏威夷群
岛的岸边。而今天，这种相同的好奇心激发着天文学家去探索天宇。
457 hostile ['hɑ:stl]
adj.敌对的
【真题例句】
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but
there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. 2006 TEXT2
众所周知，埃文河畔的斯特拉特福德镇只有一个产业——威廉•莎士比亚——但是
却有两个泾渭分明并且日趋敌对的分支。
458 humane [hju:'meɪn]
adj.人道的、仁慈的
【真题例句】
Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive
humane care. 2003 TEXT2
科研机构应该对游客开放，向人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道关怀。
459 humble ['hʌmbl]
adj.谦逊的、普通的
【真题例句】
As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding
research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives. 2003 TEXT4
作为一个国家，我们可能过度资助了无法实现的治疗追求，却在能提高人们生活
质量的更普通的治疗研究上资助不足。100
460 hybrid ['haɪbrɪd]
adj.混合的 n.混合物、结合物
【真题例句】
Other models exist that are hybrids of these three. 2008 TEXT2
还有一些模式是这三种模式的混合。
461 identify [aɪ'dentɪfaɪ
]
v.确定、辨认
【真题例句】
PTK is used to identify parent-child kinship. 2009 TEXT2
PTK 用来确定父子关系。
462 ignore [ɪ
ɡ'nɔ:r]
v.忽视、对……置之不理
【真题例句】
The devoted concertgoers ignore the expenses of live performances. 2011 TEXT1
音乐会忠实听众忽略了看现场演出的开销。
463 illuminate [ɪ'lu:mɪneɪt]
v.阐明、说明
【真题例句】
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set
back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it
to illuminate. 2014 TEXT4
美国人文与科学院对通识教育表现出了极大的热情。然而它的报告可能会使变革
受挫，因为报告模糊了国会要求它阐明的挑战的深度和广度。
464 illusory [ɪ'lu:səri]
adj.虚假的、虚幻的
【真题例句】
Early settlers in New England were motivated by an illusory prospect. 2009 TEXT4
新英格兰的早期定居者被一种虚幻前景所驱使。
465 illustrate ['ɪ
ləstreɪt]
v.阐明、说明
【真题例句】
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such 101
fine-grained information. 2013 TEXT2
在过去的几周，一场争论说明了这些精细的信息对于广告商的价值。
466 imitate ['ɪmɪteɪt]
v.模仿
【真题例句】
This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see
every day. 2012 TEXT1
这是一种微妙的同辈压力：我们无意识地模仿每天所看到的行为。
467 immediate [ɪ'mi:dɪət]
adj.直接的、立即的
【真题例句】
Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task.Rather,it involves setting
specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique
as on outcome. 2007 TEXT1
“刻意练习”需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一项任务。相反，它包括制定明确的目标，
获得立即的反馈，以及方法和结果并重。
468 immense [ɪ'mens]
adj.巨大的、大量的
【真题例句】
For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: It is
man, real, living man who does all that.” 2012 新题型
对他们来说，历史本身无所作为，既未拥有大量的财富，也未引发斗争：是人类，
真实的、活生生的人造就了上述的一切。
469 immigrate ['ɪmɪ
ɡreɪt]
v.移民（入）、迁徙
【真题例句】
“Birds of passage” refers to those who immigrate across the Atlantic. 2013 TEXT2
“候鸟”指的是那些跨越大西洋迁徙的人。
470 immune [ɪ'mju:n]
adj.免疫的、免除的、不受影响的
Yet some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain
somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power. 2006 TEXT1
然而，仍然有一些美国人却担心这些住在美国本土的移民会某种程度上不受美国
同化力量的影响。
471 impact ['ɪmpækt]
v/n.影响
【真题例句】
In rich countries oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP. 2002 TEXT3
在富裕国家，石油价格变动对 GDP 没有显著影响。
472 impel [ɪm'pel]
v.推动、促使
【真题例句】
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The
creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application
of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive
to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” 2015 TEXT3
在被问及是否已有特殊的论文促成了这样的改变时，麦克娜特说: “对科学研究领
域的统计学应用和数据分析的广泛关注，促成了‘统计委员会’的成立，同时该委员
会也是提高《科学》杂志所出版的研究的重现性努力中的一部分。”
473 implement ['ɪmplɪmɛnt]
v.实施、执行
【真题例句】
Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern
the profession have been too conservative to implement them. 2014 TEXT2
长久以来都有一些合理的想法，但是管理该职业的州级机构太过保守以至于没法
实施这些想法。
474 implication [ˌɪmplɪ'keɪʃn]
n.含义、暗示
【真题例句】
In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative implication.
2009 TEXT1
在千变万化的 21 世纪， “习惯”这个词甚至本身就带有负面含义。103
475 impose [ɪm'poʊz]
v.把……强加于、使承受
【真题例句】
Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and
back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated
strain imposed by oversize limbs. 2008 TEXT3
此外，尽管人类已经直立行走了数百万年，但我们的双足和后背仍然很难适应双
足行走的姿势，并很难承受过大肢体强加的持续压力。
476 impoverished [ɪm'pɑ:vərɪʃt]
adj.贫困的
【真题例句】
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic
homes might have in completing their homework.2012 TEXT1
这个规定旨在解决来自贫穷家庭或混乱家庭的学生在完成家庭作业时可能遇到的
困难。
477 impressive [ɪm'presɪv]
adj.令人印象深刻的、很好的
【真题例句】
The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and
influence in England. 2011 TEXT1
早期马萨诸塞海岸的定居者包括了拥有很高教育水平和在英格兰具有很大影响力
的人。
478 impulse ['ɪmpʌls]
n.冲动、心血来潮
【真题例句】
The impulse to influence others is the essential element in the dynamics of social
influence.
2010 TEXT3
影响他人的冲动是社会影响动态的核心要素。
479 inability [ˌɪ
nə'bɪ
ləti]
n.无能为力
【真题例句】
Physicians — frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in 104
the patient — too offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
2003 TEXT4
医生—挫败于治疗疾病的无能为力，同时害怕病人失去希望,—往往提供了远超科
学上合理的过激治疗。
480 incentive [ɪn'sentɪv]
adj.激励的、刺激的 n.激励、刺激
【真题例句】
A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial
incentives for private industry, is a promising start. 2005 TEXT2
弗吉尼亚的民主党议员罗伯特•伯德提出的一项法案（该法案会对私企提供经济刺
激）就是一个良好的开端。
481 incite [ɪn'saɪt]
v.鼓动、煽动
【真题例句】
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by
promoting extreme dieting. 2016 TEXT1
议会还达成一致，取缔通过提倡极端节食来“鼓动过度瘦削”的网站。
482 incline [ɪn'klaɪn]
v.倾斜、倾向于
【真题例句】
Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
more inclined to weigh what they get. 2005 TEXT1
雌性卷尾猴被选为研究对象最有可能的原因在于它们更加倾向于权衡所得。
483 include [ɪn'klu:d]
v.包含、包括
【真题例句】
When Career Site’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its
service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best
matches.
2004 TEXT1
例如，当求职网引擎向注册用户发送信息时, 它只会包含三个潜在的工作岗位。—
—它认为最匹配的三个。105
484 incomplete [ˌɪnkəm'pli:t]
adj.不完整的、不充分的
【真题例句】
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science
about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air
until we know for sure. 2005 TEXT2
就像吸烟问题一样，现在来自许多领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学论证
还不充分，在我们证实这件亊之前向大气中不断地排放废气无可厚非。
485 independent [ˌɪndɪ'pendənt]
adj.独立的、自主的
【真题例句】
Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. 2010
TEXT4
成功的市场需要独立甚至是好斗的标准制定者。
486 indicate ['ɪndɪkeɪt]
v.指出、表明、预示
【真题例句】
Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that new technology requires
reinterpretation of the Constitution. 2015 TEXT2
奥林•克尔的类比被用来指出新技术需要宪法的重新解读。
487 indifferent [ɪn'dɪfrənt]
adj.中立的、冷漠的、漠不关心的
【真题例句】
First-generation students are actually indifferent to the achievement gap. 2015 TEXT2
第一代大学生实际上对成就差距并不关心。
488 indispensable [ˌɪndɪ'spensəbl]
adj.必不可少的、不可或缺的
【真题例句】
Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters. 2004 TEXT1
个人搜索引擎是求职者不可或缺的。
489 induce [ɪn'du:s]
v.引诱、引起 106
【真题例句】
Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to
eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. 2005 TEXT1
事实上，另一个笼子里只要存在葡萄（没有一只真正的猴子去吃它），就足以引
起该雌性猴子的愤怒了。
490 indulge [ɪn'dʌldʒ]
v.放任、纵容
【真题例句】
The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness. 2014 TEXT1
英国的福利制度纵容了求职者的懒惰。
491 inedible [ɪn'edəbl]
adj.不能吃的、难吃的
【真题例句】
It’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or
the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.2002 TEXT1
用不经意的语言去评价食堂极度难吃的饭菜或者是去评价主席人尽皆知的领带品
味之差对于你来说是合适的。
492 inevitable [ɪn'evɪ
təbl]
adj.不可避免的、必然的
【真题例句】
The decline of formal English is inevitable in radical education reforms. 2005
TEXT4
正式英语的衰退在激进的教育改革中是不可避免的。
493 infection [ɪn'fekʃn]
n.感染（病）、传染（病）
【真题例句】
At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.
2008 TEXT3
20 世纪初，营养不良和儿童传染病成为了（人类身高增长的）阻碍。
494 infer [ɪn'fɝ:r]
v.推测、推断
We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that the stock of large predators in
some old fisheries has reduced by 90%. 2006 TEXT3
我们能够从迈尔斯博士和沃尔姆博士的论文中推断出：一些老渔场里的大型捕食
鱼类已经减少了 90%。
495 inferior [ɪn'fɪ
rɪɚr]
adj.较差的、逊色的
【真题例句】
Recordings are often inferior to live concerts in quality. 2011 TEXT1
录音的质量往往次于现场音乐会。
496 infirm [ɪn'fɝ:rm]
adj.（年老）体弱的、意志薄弱的、不坚固的
【真题例句】
Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and
infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can
realize their potential. 2003 TEXT4
前科罗拉多州州长理查德•拉姆常被人提起，因为他说过，老年人和体弱者“有义
务死去并让出道来”，以便让年富力强的人能发挥他们的潜力。
497 inflation [ɪn'fleɪʃn]
n.通货膨胀
【真题例句】
Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.
2002 TEXT3
之前两次的原油冲击都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球经济衰退。
498 influential [ˌɪnflu'enʃl]
adj.有影响力的 n.有影响力的人
【真题例句】
The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming
increasingly influential. 2003 TEXT1
间谍把它称作“开放来源的情报”，同时随着互联网的发展，这样的情报变得越来
越有影响力。
499 infrastructure ['ɪnfrəstrʌktʃɚr]
n.基础设施 108
【真题例句】
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in
cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. 2016 TEXT2
建造新的住房、工厂和办公室的合理地点就是人口聚居的地方，也就是基础设施
完备的城镇地区。
500 infuriating [ɪn'fjʊrɪ
eɪ
tɪŋ]
adj.令人愤怒的
【真题例句】
And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to
mention infuriating. 2017 TEXT1
这也正常：浪费的时间拖累了美国经济和个人生活，更不必说还令人愤怒。
501 infuse [ɪn'fju:z]
v.注入、灌输
【真题例句】
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out,
increase allegiance to the firm. 2015 TEXT3
这些术语也旨在使工作充满意义——正如库拉纳说指出的那样，增加员工对公司
的忠诚。
502 ingenuity [ˌɪndʒə'nu:əti]
n.创造力、智慧
【真题例句】
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to
cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty.
2002TEXT2
自从人类创造力的开端，人们就设计了越来越多巧妙的工具来应对那些危险的，
枯燥的，繁重的，或者仅仅是肮脏的工作。
503 inherent [ɪn'hɪ
rənt]
adj.内在的、与生俱来的
【真题例句】
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material
adornment and idealized body types. 2016TEXT1
时尚产业知道它有一个内在的问题：关注物质装饰和理想身型。109
504 initial [ɪ'nɪʃl]
adj.最初的、初始的
【真题例句】
Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that
transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human
brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades
if not centuries.
2002 TEXT2
尽管在 20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代有过一段最初的乐观——那时候晶体管电路和微
处理器看似能够在 2010 年前模仿人类大脑的活动——但是最近研究人员已经开始
将这个预测推迟数十年，甚至是几个世纪。
505 inject [ɪn'dʒekt]
v.注射、注入
【真题例句】
Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and
inject with humor. 2002 TEXT1
考虑一下你的谈话，选出一些词汇和句子，反复思考，并注入幽默。
506 innate [ɪ'neɪt]
adj.天生的、与生俱来的
【真题例句】
Its hero avoids being civilized -- going to school and learning to read -- so he can
preserve his innate goodness. 2004 TEXT4
该书的英雄逃避教化—上学认字—因此他才得以保留天生的善良。
507 innocent ['ɪ
nəsnt]
adj.无辜的、无罪的
【真题例句】
As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,
Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah
Brooks, innocent of the same charge. 2015TEXT4
窃听审判的结论是——《世界新闻报》前总编安迪•库尔森因密谋窃听电话而被判
有罪，而他的前任丽贝卡·布鲁克斯却被判无罪。
508 innovation [ˌɪ
nə'veɪʃn]
n.创新、革新 110
【真题例句】
The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder. 2009TEXT1
创新所需要具备的第一样东西就是对于好奇的神往。
509 inquire [ɪn'kwaɪr]
v.调查、询问
【真题例句】
One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went
on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired
how the stories arrived. 2015TEXT4
令人惊讶的发现之一是丽贝卡•布鲁克斯对她的新闻工作室所发生的事情知之甚
少，她很少想要去过问，也从不调查新闻故事的来源。
510 insidious [ɪn'sɪ
dɪəs]
adj.潜伏的、不易察觉的
【真题例句】
or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. 2004TEXT2
在过去一个世纪，所有种类的不公平和歧视都已被谴责或列为非法。但是有一种
潜在的形式仍然盛行：即字母表歧视。
511 insightful ['ɪnsaɪtfl]
adj.有深刻见解的、富有洞察力的
【真题例句】
It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I
love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter. 2011TEXT4
珍妮弗·西尼尔见解深刻，又极富挑衅的杂志封面文章《我爱我的孩子，但我讨
厌我的生活》引起了人们的广泛讨论，这不足为奇。
512 insist [ɪn'sɪst]
v.坚称、坚决要求
【真题例句】
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but
the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? 2005TEXT2
还记得那些年，科学家认为吸烟会致人死亡，而怀疑者却坚称我们无法对此得出
定论么？111
513 inspire [ɪn'spaɪɚr]
v.激发、使产生灵感
【真题例句】
Our vision of the future used to be inspired by our faith in science and technology.
2013TEXT3
我们对未来的憧憬曾经是被我们对科学技术的信念所激发的。
514 instinct ['ɪnstɪŋkt]
n.本能、直觉
【真题例句】
But in Osborne land, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent
dependency if you can get it—supported by a state only too ready to indulge your
falsehood. 2014 TEXT1
但在奥斯本的世界，你的第一本能就是陷入依赖——如果可以，最好是永久的依
赖——这种依赖是由一个过度放纵你错误的国家支持的。
515 institution [ˌɪnstɪ'tu:ʃn]
n.机构、制度
【真题例句】
Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive
humane care. 2003 TEXT2
科研机构应该对游客开放，向人们展示实验室里的动物获得了人道关怀。
516 instruct [ɪn'strʌkt]
v.指导、命令
【真题例句】
I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at
sitting CEOs first. 2011 TEXT2
我所举办的每一次人才招聘中，董事会都会命令我从那些在任的 CEO 中寻找人
选。
517 insure [ɪn'ʃʊr]
v.确保、保障
【真题例句】
The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk
of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. 2014 112
TEXT1
英国的福利原则已不再是保障你的失业风险和灾难到来时的无条件赔付。
518 intangible [ɪn'tændʒəbl]
adj.无形的、触摸不到的
【真题例句】
And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like
character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
2016 TEXT1
这些措施或许还隐约地暗示，人们应该注重个性和才智等无形的品质，而不是通
过节食来获得“零号身材”或“蜂腰体型”。
519 integrity [ɪn'teɡrəti]
n.完整、诚信、正直
【真题例句】
This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as
records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected
leader's source of wealth. 2017 TEXT4
这种诚信需要严格执行的法律去保证政府的透明度，例如：官方会议的记录，制
定游说规则，以及每个当选的领导人的财富来源信息等等。
520 intellectual [ˌɪntə'lektʃuəl]
adj.学术的、知识的 n.知识分子
【真题例句】
Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit.
2012 TEXT3
一旦一项发现声明成为了公众的，那么发现者就会获得学术认可。
521 intelligence [ɪn'telɪ
dʒəns]
n.智力、智能
【真题例句】
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.
2002 TEXT2
事实上，对于真正的人工智能的追求产生了混合的结果。
522 intend [ɪn'tend]
v.打算、想要 113
【真题例句】
Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t
foresee what would happen next. 2012 TEXT2
要么是 Entergy 公司从来没有真正打算遵守那些承诺，要么就是它没有预见到下
一步会发生什么。
523 intense [ɪn'tens]
adj.紧张的、强烈的
【真题例句】
Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,
Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be
sources of intense gratification and delight.” 2011 TEXT4
524 interact [ˌɪntɚr'ækt]
v.相互影响、互动
【真题例句】
Even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many
others. 2010 TEXT3
就算那些在某个群体中最具影响力的人物，也不会和那么多人互动。
525 interpersonal [ˌɪntɚr'pɝ:sənl]
adj.人际的、人与人之间的
【真题例句】
Interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media. 2010 TEXT3
人际连接可通过媒体得到加强
526 interpretation [ɪn,tɝ:rprə'teɪʃn]
n.翻译、解释
【真题例句】
progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative
TEXT4114
527 interrupt [ˌɪntə'rʌpt]
v.中断、打扰
【真题例句】
It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.
2016 TEXT3
并不是说人们被打扰了这么简单，而是实际上人们倾向于被打扰。
528 intervention [ˌɪntɚr'venʃn]
n.干预、介入
【真题例句】
Besides reducing human labor,robots can also deal with some errors with human
intervention.
2002 TEXT2
除了减少人类劳动，机器人还能够在人类干预下处理一些错误。
529 intimate ['ɪntɪmət]
adj.亲密的、私密的
【真题例句】
Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,these were stores “anyone
could enter, regardless of class or background.” 2006TEXT1
530 intricate ['ɪntrɪ
kət]
adj.错综复杂的
【真题例句】
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year have left managers
hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of
potential vulnerabilities. 2007 TEXT4
今年几起严重的客户和雇员资料泄漏亊件使得管理者们匆忙仔细检查他们复杂的
信息系统和业务流程，以寻找可能存在的安全隐患。
531 intrude [ɪn'tru:d]115
v.侵扰、侵犯
【真题例句】
Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers. 2013 TEXT4
亚利桑那州因此侵犯了联邦的特权。
532 intuitive [ɪn'tu:ɪ
tɪv]
adj.本能的、直觉的
【真题例句】
533 invert ['ɪnvɝ:rt]
v.使颠覆、使反转
【真题例句】
“The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally
inverted,” says one headhunter. 2011 TEXT2
一个猎头说到：“传统的规则是待在你原来的地方会更加安全，但是现在这一规则
已经被彻底颠覆了。”
534 invest [ɪn'vest]
v.投资
【真题例句】
The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn
enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.
2003 TEXT3
就铁路行业整体来说，虽然前途一片光明，但它现在的收入仍然不足以覆盖为满
足不断增长的运输需要而进行的固定资产投资。
535 investigation [ɪn,vestɪ
'ɡeɪʃn]
n.调查、研究
【真题例句】
It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their
investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect. 2016 TEXT3
它认为因为检察官不会消费公司产品作为他们调查的一部分，他们可能只会受到 116
光环效应的影响。
536 involve [ɪn'vɑ:lv]
v.包括、参与
【真题例句】
But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional
brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and
reasoning) is relatively quiet. 2005 TEXT3
但是，并非大脑所有部分都一样参与了进来；大脑边缘系统（也就是“情绪脑”）
异常活跃，而前额皮层（大脑的理解和推理中心）则相对平静。
537 ironic [aɪ
'rɑ:nɪk]
adj.讽刺的
【真题例句】
It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living,
was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. 2006 TEXT2
当你想象，这些居民所赖以生存的莎士比亚本身其实是个（戴着胡须）的演员，
并一同制造噪音，你会觉得这一切非常的讽刺。
538 isolate ['aɪ
səleɪt]
v.（使）孤立、（使）免于
【真题例句】
There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change
among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers
from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. 2014 TEXT2
行业内部有着变革的压力，但是监管人员中反对变革的人坚持认为，保持外部人
士不能进入律师事务所，使得律师免于赚钱的压力，从而更有道德地去服务客户。
539 issue ['ɪʃu:]
v.发布、发行 n.问题、发行物
【真题例句】
It requires caution to handle economic issues. 2017 TEXT3
处理经济问题需要谨慎。
540 joint [dʒɔɪnt]
adj.联合的、共同的
That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration
541 journal ['dʒɝ:rnl]
n.日报、杂志、期刊
【真题例句】
They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals. 2008
TEXT2
他们每年在 16000 本期刊上发表的文章超过了 120 万篇。
542 jury ['dʒʊri]
n.陪审团、评委会
【真题例句】
The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury
that it must look only at his “official acts”. 2017 TEXT4
高等法院的决议认为，麦克唐纳先生的审判法官并未告知陪审团必须只关注他的
“公务行为”。
543 justice ['dʒʌstɪs]
n.法官、公正
【真题例句】
“The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John
Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and
act on their concerns.” 2017 TEXT4
最高法院首席大法官约翰•罗伯茨在写给最高法院的信中写道：“代议制政府的基
本契约假定政府官员将听取其选民的意见，并根据他们的关切采取行动。”
544 lag [læɡ]
v/n.落后、滞后
【真题例句】
From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers
temper their spending. 2004 TEXT3
从汽车经销商到盖普服饰外贸店，由于顾客控制自身的支出，销售额几个月以来
持续滞后。118
545 lame [leɪm]
adj.瘸的、蹩脚的
【真题例句】
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents
of a smart phone-a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through
a suspect’s purse. 2015 TEXT2
首先，他们应该摒弃加利福尼亚州的蹩脚观点，即翻看智能手机的内容——一个
庞大的数字信息库——相当于翻查嫌疑犯的钱包。
546 launch [lɔ:ntʃ]
v.发起、推出（新产品）
【真题例句】
That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near
future.
2013 TEXT3
这正是我们推出《弧》的原因之一，该新刊旨在探索不久的未来。
547 leakage ['li:kɪ
dʒ]
n.泄露
【真题例句】
Legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage. 2007 TEXT4
法律制裁是解决数据泄露的一个主要途径。
548 lean [li:n]
v.倾斜、倚靠 adj.瘦的、贫乏的
【真题例句】
No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean
on.
2011 TEXT4
这不足为奇，想想看，如果不能依靠配偶，一个人抚养孩子是一项多么艰巨的任
务。
549 legacy ['legəsi]
n.遗产、传统
【真题例句】
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a 119
legacy business,” Peretti remarked. 2016 TEXT4
“这确实很艰难，同时 Buzzfeed 公司没有传统业务是极大的奢侈,”佩雷蒂评论道。
550 legal ['li:gl]
adj.法律的、合法的
【真题例句】
Legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage. 2007 TEXT4
法律制裁是解决数据泄露的一个主要途径。
551 legitimate [lɪ'dʒɪ
tɪmət]
adj.合法的、合理的
【真题例句】
552 leisure ['li:ʒɚr]
adj.空闲的、休闲的 n.空闲、休闲
【真题例句】
It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could
experience “a refreshing air.”2016 TEXT2
这是专门向城市居民提供一些他们能感受“新鲜空气”的休闲空间。
553 liberal ['lɪ
bərəl]
adj.自由（主义）的、开明的 n.自由主义者、自由党
【真题例句】
John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views,
sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal
English.
2005 TEXT4
约翰•麦克沃特是一个语言学家，也是一个结合了自由和保守观点的争论者。他认
为 20 世纪 60 年代的反文化运动的胜利要对正式英语的退化负责。
554 lineage ['lɪniɪ
dʒ]
n.血统、谱系 120
【真题例句】
Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome
inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down
only from mothers. 2009 TEXT2
然而，大多数血统测试只考虑一个单独的血统，要么是来自父亲身上的 Y 染色体，
要么是来自母亲身上的线粒体 DNA。
555 literate ['lɪ
tərət]
adj.有读写能力的、精通的
【真题例句】
Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also
take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who
can verify the process.” 2015 TEXT3
他在 2012 年写道，研究人员应该提高他们的标准，但是杂志也应该设置更严苛的
水准线，“聘请那些精通统计学的评审人员和可以证实统计过程的编辑。”
556 lobby ['lɑ:bi]
v.游说 n.游说团体、大厅
【真题例句】
Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. 2010 TEXT4
不幸的是，银行的游说现在似乎正在奏效。
557 locate ['loʊkeɪt]
v.定位、位于
【真题例句】
Some organizations check their systems to find out how the potential spies can be
located.
2007 TEXT4
一些机构检查他们的系统是为了弄清楚如何定位潜在的间谍。
558 lure [lʊr]
v/n.引诱、诱惑
【真题例句】
And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make
the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. 2006 TEXT4
并且因为这些信息只有一项任务——诱惑我们打开钱包——所以这些信息使得幸
福的想法看似不可靠。121
559 luxury ['lʌkʃəri]
adj.奢侈的 n.奢侈（品）
【真题例句】
In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).
2005 TEXT1
在僧帽猴的世界里，葡萄就是奢侈品（并且是远远优于黄瓜）。
560 magnify ['mæɡnɪfaɪ
]
v.放大、扩大
【真题例句】
And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences.
2012 TEXT2
并且切分市场的最早方法之一就是放大性别差异。
561maintain [meɪn'teɪn]
v.保持、坚持认为
【真题例句】
The practice of standardized testing maintains the inherent American thinking model.
2009 TEXT1
标准化测试的实践保持了固有的美国思想模式。
562 majestic [mə'dʒestɪk]
adj.宏伟的、壮观的、华丽的
【真题例句】
Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent
uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 2015 TEXT1
这是否意味着所有欧洲王室，以及他们华丽的服装和华丽的生活方式都大难临头
了呢？
563 major ['meɪdʒɚr]
adj.主要的、重要的
【真题例句】
Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well
over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers. 2003 TEXT3
明年，等一系列的合并完成后，仅四家铁路公司就会控制主要铁路运输总额的 90%
以上。122
564 mandatory ['mændətɔ:ri]
adj.强制性的、必修的
【真题例句】
This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves
students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in
college.
2017 TEXT3
这不意外，因为高中那些必修课程让学生对大学里等待他们的大量学术专业选择
知之甚少。
565 manipulate [mə'nɪpjuleɪt]
v.操作、处理、控制
【真题例句】
智力尝试去理解、处理、排序和调节，而才智是审视、思考、探究、形成理论、
批判和想象。
566 manufacture ['mænju'fæktʃɚr]
v.加工、制造 n.制造业
【真题例句】
If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day are
results of manufactured habits. 2010 TEXT3
如果你观察足够仔细，你会发现我们每天使用的许多产品都来自于制造出来的习
惯。
567 manuscript ['mænjuskrɪpt]
adj.手写的 n.手稿、原稿
【真题例句】
2015 TEXT3
568 margin ['mɑ:rdʒɪn]
n.边缘
The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source
Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. 2003
TEXT1
以巨大优势胜出的公司是来自弗吉尼亚州的一家名叫 “公开来源解决”的小公司，
它的明显优势是对于电子世界的精通。
569 marine [mə'ri:n]
adj.海洋的
【真题例句】
The marine biomass has suffered a greater loss. 2006 TEXT3
海洋生物量已遭受巨大损失。
570 marvel ['mɑ:rvl]
v.对......感到惊讶 n.令人惊奇的事物
【真题例句】
571 massive ['mæsɪv]
adj.大量的、巨大的
【真题例句】
People have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean
because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. 2006
TEXT3
人们没有发现海洋里发生的巨大变化，因为他们仅仅是回顾过去相对短的时间。
572 mastery ['mæstəri]
n.掌握、精通、优势、统治权
【真题例句】
The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source
Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world. 2003
TEXT1
以巨大优势胜出的公司是来自弗吉尼亚州的一家名叫 “公开来源解决”的小公司，
它的明显优势是对于电子世界的精通。124
573 materialistic [mə,tɪ
rɪə'lɪstɪk]
adj.唯物主义的、物质至上的
【真题例句】
Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some
ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more
aware of the struggles of others. 2012 TEXT4
很多人认为，尽管失业令人极度痛苦，但也在某些方面给予了他们提升：他们不
再那么物质至上，他们经济上更加谨慎，同时他们对他人的煎熬也更能感同身受。
574 mature [mə'tʃʊr]
adj.成熟的
【真题例句】
But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a
mature discovery. 2012 TEXT3
但是发现声明需要经过集体检查和认可才能转变为成熟的发现。
575 measure ['meʒɚr]
v.测量、估量、权衡 n.措施
【真题例句】
Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to
measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem
solving and life success. 2007 TEXT2
斯滕伯格注意到传统的测试可以最好的评估分析和语言能力，但不能测量创造力
和实践知识，而这些也是问题解决和生活成功的重要因素。
576 mechanical [mə'kænɪkl]
adj.机械的、呆板的
【真题例句】
交易。
577 memorize ['meməraɪz]
v.记住、记忆
【真题例句】
In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to 125
578 mental ['mentl]
adj.精神的、心理的
【真题例句】
And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not
only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel
better.
2005 TEXT3
一名重要的权威人士说，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，事实上还可
以有意识的加以控制以帮助我们睡的更好，感觉更佳。
579 merger ['mɝ:rdʒɚr]
n.合并、兼并
【真题例句】
以上。
580 merit ['merɪt]
n.价值、优点
【真题例句】
Vaus says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit”.
2015 TEXT3
沃斯说《科学》杂志让统计学家去审查一些论文的想法“有一定的价值”。
581 minimal ['mɪ
nɪml]
adj.最小的、最低的
【真题例句】
失业在经济上是可怕的，在心理上是尴尬的，同时你知道救济极低且极难获得。126
582 minister ['mɪ
nɪstɚr]
n.牧师、大臣、部长
【真题例句】
The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the
ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. 2009 TEXT4
在新大陆的历史上被研究得最彻底的知识分子就是那些十七世纪新英格兰的牧师
和政治领袖了。
583 minority [maɪ'nɔ:rəti]
n.少数（派）
【真题例句】
In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are
driven in large part by the action of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called
influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. 2010
TEXT3
马尔科姆•格拉德威尔在他的《引爆点》一书中说道，社会潮流很大程度上是由一
小部分的特殊人群所引领的，他们通常被称为意见领袖，他们通常见多识广，有
说服力或者交际广泛。
584 misery ['mɪ
zəri]
n.不幸、苦难、悲惨的境遇
【真题例句】
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times
have seen so much misery. 2006 TEXT4
你可能认为艺术变得更加怀疑快乐是因为现代生活有太多苦难。
585 mislead [ˌmɪs'liːd]
v.误导
【真题例句】
Our imitation of behaviors will mislead behavioral studies. 2012 TEXT1
我们行为的模仿将会误导行为学的研究。
586 mobilize ['moʊbəlaɪz]
v.调动、动员
【真题例句】
They fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously
flawed understanding of psychology. 2012 TEXT1127
他们没能调动“同辈压力”用来养成健康的习惯，并且他们展示了一个有严重缺
陷的心理学理解。
587 modest ['mɑ:dɪst]
adj.谦虚的、适度的
【真题例句】
Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay
increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already
generous.
2012 TEXT4
政客们持续变相提高公共部门的待遇。尽管工资的增长保持适度，但增加了假期，
尤其是提高了本就已经丰厚的养老金。
588 monarch ['mɑ:nɑ:rk]
n.君主、最高统治者
【真题例句】
Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly owing to their undoubted and
respectable status. 2015 TEXT1
君主仍然作为欧洲国家的元首主要归因于他们毋庸置疑和受人尊敬的地位。
589 monitor ['mɑ:nɪ
tər]
v.监控、监测 n.监视器、显示屏
【真题例句】
And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a
coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. 2016 TEXT2
并且把监控进程的任务交给了西部鱼类与野生动物协会（WAFWA），这是一个州
机构的联盟。
590 monopoly [mə'nɑ:pəli]
n.垄断
【真题例句】
Railway monopoly is unlikely because outside competitors will continue to exist.
2003 TEXT3
铁路运输不可能形成垄断因为外部竞争者会持续存在。
591 motivate ['moʊtɪveɪt]
v.激发、驱使 128
【真题例句】
Early settlers in New England were motivated by an illusory prospect. 2009 TEXT4
新英格兰的早期定居者被一种虚幻的前景所驱使。
592 multiply ['mʌltɪplaɪ
]
v.乘、大大增加
【真题例句】
Super high scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now
based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply
dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. 2007
TEXT2
像莎万特这么高的分数不可能再有了，因为现在的计分方式是基于所有同龄人的
总体统计分布，而不是简单地用智龄除以年龄再乘以 100。
593 mutually ['mju:tʃuəli]
adv.相互地、共同地
【真题例句】
Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of
mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s
dream.
2003 TEXT1
Straitford 总裁乔治•弗莱德曼说，他把线上世界视为情报收集和情报发布两方面相
互增强的工具，这可是间谍大师的梦想。
594 nasty ['næsti]
adj.肮脏的、令人厌恶的、严重的
【真题例句】
The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful”
and “nasty”. 2017 TEXT4
法庭确实认为收礼然后开放“后门”作为回报的行为是“令人不快的”和“令人
厌恶的”。
595 native ['neɪ
tɪv]
adj.天生的、天然的、本国的、本地的
【真题例句】
By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership
rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.129
2006 TEXT1
到 1996 年为止，在 1970 年之前进入美国的外国出生的移民的房产拥有率为 75.6%，
比本土出生的美国人的房产拥有率 69.8%还要高。
596 negative ['neɡətɪv]
adj.负面的、否定的
【真题例句】
Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward
happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative
feelings generated during the day. 2005 TEXT3
大部分人似乎在前半夜更容易做噩梦，这些噩梦在醒来之前会逐渐变成好梦，这
就说明梦正在处理白天所产生的负面情绪。
597 neglect [nɪ'glekt]
v.疏忽、忽视
【真题例句】
We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing. 2011 TEXT4
我们有时候忽略了抚养孩子的幸福。
598 negotiate [nɪ
'ɡoʊʃieɪt]
v.协商、谈判
【真题例句】
Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that
damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund. 2016 TEXT2
该计划是由 USFWS 和西部各州协商制定的，他要求因运营需要而破坏栖息地的个
人和企业向一个基金支付罚款。
599 nightmare ['naɪt'mer]
n.恶梦、噩梦
【真题例句】
Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. 2005
TEXT3
这些饱受持续噩梦折磨的人应该寻求医生的帮助。
600 nonsense ['nɑ:nsens]
adj.荒谬的 n.胡说
Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million
smokers went to early graves. 2005 TEXT2
许多美国人接受了那一派胡言，30 年里过去了，约 1000 万的烟民提前进入了坟墓。
601 normal ['nɔrml]
adj.正常的、标准的
【真题例句】
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under
ideal conditions. 2003 TEXT4
602 notably ['noʊtəbli]
adv.明显地、尤其地
【真题例句】
Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients –
notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. 2008 TEXT3
发育（很少能持续到 20 岁以后）需要能量和营养（尤其是蛋白质）为组织增长提
供养料。
603 noteworthy ['noʊtwɜ:rði]
adj.值得注意的、显著的
【真题例句】
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup
tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are
more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.
2007 TEXT1
如果你去检查一下 2006 年的世界杯锦标赛中的每个足球运动员的出生证，你很有
可能发现这样一个值得注意的奇怪现象：优秀的足球运动员出生在前半年的比后
半年的多。
604 novel ['nɑːvl]
adj.新的、新颖的 n.小说
【真题例句】
Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and
appreciated.
2012 TEXT3
有时候真正新发现的声明需要很多年的时间才能被接受和理解。131
605 nurture ['nɝ:rtʃɚr]
v/n.培养、培育、养育
【真题例句】
Ericsson and his colleagues believe that high achievers owe their success mostly to
nurture.
2007 TEXT1
艾利克森和他的同事相信成功人士的成功归因于后天培养。
606 object ['ɑ:bdʒɪkt]
v.反对、拒绝 n.物体、对象、目标
【真题例句】
Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are
sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
2013 TEXT2
因为无法判断一个人是真的反对行为广告还是他保持了微软的默认，有些广告商
可能还是会忽略“禁止追踪”信号继续投放。
607 oblige [ə'blaɪ
dʒ]
v.强制、强迫
【真题例句】
Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some
companies have promised to do so. 2013 TEXT2
得到“禁止追踪”的信号无法强制要求任何公司停止追踪，尽管有些公司已经承
诺一旦得到“禁止追踪”的信号就会停止。
608 obscure [əb'skjʊr]
adj.模糊的、不清楚的
【真题例句】
The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that
states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that
Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. 2012
TEXT2
在这件案子里的法律问题是模糊的：尽管最高法规定过各州的确对于核能有一些
管理权限，但是法律学者说佛蒙特州的案子将会为这种权限的界限提供一个先例。
609 obsess [əb'ses]132
v.使着迷
【真题例句】
In other words, if you're going to make a print product, make it for the people who are
already obsessed with it. 2016 TEXT4
换句话说，如果你想去做一个印刷产品，就要做给那些已经对它着迷的人。
610 obstruct [əb'strʌkt]
v.阻碍、妨碍
【真题例句】
Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural
workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within
the industry.
2019TEXT3
国会一直以来都在阻碍创造一个更简单的签证来使外籍工人能在美国呆得时间更
长并能在行业内切换工作的努力。
611 occupy ['ɑkjupaɪ
]
v.占用、占有、占领
【真题例句】
要性。
612 occur [ə'kɝ:r]
v.出现、发生
【真题例句】
For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence
his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on. 2010
TEXT3
然而，想要让一个社会潮流出现，每一个受影响的人还必须影响他或她自己的熟
人，这些熟人接下来又需要去影响他们自己的熟人，如此类推。
613 odds [ɑ:dz]
n.几率、胜算
【真题例句】
Even demographics are working against the middle-class family, as the odds of having a 133
weak elderly parent have jumped eightfold in just one generation. 2007 TEXT3
甚至人口统计数据也对中产阶级家庭不利，因为家里有一个病弱年迈的父母的几
率仅仅在一代时间里翻了八倍。
614 official [ə'fɪʃl]
adj.官方的、正式的 n.官员
【真题例句】
615 omission [ə'mɪʃn]
n.遗漏
【真题例句】
There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering
that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. 2018 TEXT4
USPS 内部的集体谈判丝毫未变，这是一项重大疏漏。因为员工成本占机构总成本
的 80%。
616 opponent [ə'poʊnənt]
adj.敌对的、对立的 n.对手、反对者
【真题例句】
Emerson is probably an opponent of intellectualism. 2004 TEXT4
艾默生可能是一位学术主义的反对者。
617 oppose [ə'poʊz]
v.反对
【真题例句】
Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from
animal research. 2003 TEXT2
当她被问道是否反对免疫的时候，她想知道疫苗是否来自动物实验。
618 oppressive [ə'presɪv]
adj.压迫的、压抑的
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of
screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should
always be interacting” with their children. 2017 TEXT2
另一方面，托洛尼克自己认为对孩子们使用电子产品的担忧源于一种“压迫的思
想，这种思想要求父母应该经常与他们的孩子互动。”
619 optimistic [ˌɑ:ptɪ'mɪstɪk]
adj.乐观的
【真题例句】
Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain
optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects. 2004 TEXT3
消费者似乎只是有一点担心，但并不恐慌，并且大多数人说他们对经济的长远前
景保持乐观。
620 option ['ɑ:pʃn]
n.选项、期权
【真题例句】
In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do
not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that
they did not want to be followed. 2013 TEXT2
在 2010 年十二月，美国联邦贸易委员会计划为浏览器增加一个“禁止追踪”（DNT）
的选项，因此用户可以告诉广告商他们不想被追踪。
621 organism ['ɔ:rɡənɪ
zəm]
n.生物体、有机体
【真题例句】
“There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual
organism,”says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University. 2008
TEXT3
西北大学的人类学家威廉•伦纳德说：“个体有机体的基因结构确实设置了一些真
正的限制。”
622 organization [ˌɔ:rɡənə'zeɪʃn]
n.组织、机构
【真题例句】
In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be
accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. 2015 TEXT4135
在当今的世界，高收入的管理者不需要对于他们所运营的组织机构中发生的事情
负责任已经变得正常。
623 original [ə'rɪ
dʒənl]
adj.起初的、原始的
【真题例句】
By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant
families.
2006 TEXT1
到了第三代，大部分的移民家庭已经不会讲他们起初的母语了。
624 ornament ['ɔ:rnəmənt]
n.装饰（物）
【真题例句】
Newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the
publications in which it appeared. 2010 TEXT1
当时，新闻纸相当便宜，所以辞藻华丽的艺术批评被认为是出版物上的装饰品。
625 outlive [ˌ
aʊt'lɪv]
v.比......活得长
【真题例句】
Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones. 2006 TEXT3
生长缓慢的鱼比生长迅速的鱼活得更长。
626 outraged ['autreidʒid]
adj.愤怒的
【真题例句】
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a
colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you
might even be outraged. 2005 TEXT1
每个人都喜欢大幅度的加薪。然而，当你得知你的同事涨薪幅度比你还大，你的
快乐可能就会消失。如果这个同事还有一个懒惰的坏名声，你可能甚至会变得愤
怒。
627 overlook [ˌoʊvər'lʊk]
v/n.忽略、忽视
Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked. 2016 TEXT3
商业上该举措的负面效果往往被忽略了。
628 overshadow [ˌoʊvər'ʃædoʊ]
v.给……蒙上阴影、遮盖
【真题例句】
The achievements of the National Trust are now being largely overshadowed. 2016
TEXT2
现在国家信托协会的成就很大程度上被遮盖了。
629 overturn [ˌəʊvəˈ
tɜ:n]
v/n.推翻、打翻、翻倒
【真题例句】
630 overwhelming [ˌoʊvər'welmɪŋ]
adj.压倒性的、绝大部分的
【真题例句】
Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups
said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for
earlier generations. 2016 TEXT4
年轻人和老年人在一个关键问题上达成一致：两个群体中的绝大部分人都说他们
认为对于如今的年轻人来说，开始生计比上几辈人要难的多。
631 panel ['pænl]
n.专家组、仪表盘
【真题例句】
2015 TEXT3
632 panic ['pænɪk]
adj.恐慌的 n.恐慌
At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all
unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. 2005
TEXT3
归根结底，我们几乎没有理由在意我们的梦，除非它们使我们无法安睡或“在恐
慌中醒来”，卡特莱特认为。
633 paradox ['pærədɑ:ks]
n.悖论、矛盾
【真题例句】
Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. 2012 TEXT3
整个“置信过程”中存在着两个矛盾。
634 parallel ['pærəlel]
adj.平行的、类似的 n.平行线、类似的事情
【真题例句】
we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells. 2009 TEXT1
经）通路，甚至生成全新的脑细胞。
635 paralysis [pə'ræləsɪs]
n.麻痹、瘫痪
【真题例句】
And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear
of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. 2010 TEXT4
另外，市场的萧条也在一定程度上反映出银行的瘫痪。银行因害怕账目损失而不
愿出售资产，同时又不愿收购那些所谓的廉价资产。
636 partial ['pɑ:rʃl]
adj.局部的、偏袒的
【真题例句】
A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the
discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both
Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management. 2012 TEXT2
一系列的事故，包括 2007 的冷却塔局部倒塌，以及发现地下管道系统泄露，使得
人们既对佛蒙特杨基核电厂的安全也对 Entergy 公司的管理提出了严重质疑。138
637 participate [pɑ:r'tɪ
sɪpeɪt]
v.参加、参与
【真题例句】
Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of
others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. 2004 TEXT4
没有批判思考、为自己思想辩护和理解他人思想的能力，他们就无法完全参与我
们的民主。
638 passionate ['pæʃənət]
adj.热情的、易怒的
【真题例句】
If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,
putting the reputation of the target company at risk. 2011 TEXT3
这种情况一旦发生，易怒的消费者会努力说服他人联合抵制某种产品，从而使目
标公司的声誉陷入危机。
639 patent ['pætnt]
v.授予/取得专利 n.专利
【真题例句】
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called
business methods. 2010 TEXT2
在过去的十年间，成千上万项专利被授予了所谓的“商业方法”。
640 peak [pi:k]
n.顶峰
【真题例句】
Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet's
clarity.
2017 TEXT2
坐落于太平洋，莫纳亚克山的最高点在稠密的大气层之上，那里的条件使得望远
641 peer [pɪr]
v.凝视、盯着 n.同辈、同行
【真题例句】
A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper 139
and send it to their peers for review. 2008 TEXT2
该期刊的编辑会隐去论文上作者的名字和所属机构，并提交同行专家评审。
642 penalty ['penəlti]
n.处罚、惩罚
【真题例句】
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the
lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. 2007 TEXT4
目前事态的现状可能是因为——尽管未经证实——缺乏针对数据泄露的法律惩罚
（在美国，而不是在欧洲）。
643 pension ['penʃn]
n.津贴、退休金
【真题例句】
The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and
pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. 2010 TEXT4
FASB 和 IASB 过去一直正是如此。例如，他们不顾特殊利益集团的强烈反对，对
有关股票期权和养老基金方面的准则进行了整顿。
644 perceive [pɚr'si:v]
v.感知、察觉
【真题例句】
Some bosses fail to perceive the sensitivity of personal data. 2007 TEXT4
一些老板未能察觉到个人数据的敏感性。
645 perish ['perɪʃ]
v.死亡、消亡
【真题例句】
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under
ideal conditions. 2003 TEXT4
646 permanent ['pɝ:rmənənt]
adj.永久的、永恒的
【真题例句】
But in Osborne land, your first instinct is to fall into dependency--permanent
dependency if you can get it supported by a state only too ready to indulge your
falsehood. 2014 TEXT1140
但在奥斯本的世界，你的第一本能就是陷入依赖——如果可以，最好是永久的依
赖——这种依赖是由一个过度放纵你错误的国家支持的。
647 permissible [pɚr'mɪ
səbl]
adj.允许的
【真题例句】
An action having two effects -- a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is
foreseen -- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 2002 TEXT4
一种行为有两种效果——想要达到的好效果和可以预见的坏效果——如果行为人
目的在于好的效果，那么这种行为就是可允许的。
648 perpetuate [pər'petʃueɪt]
v.持续、使长期存在
【真题例句】
They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. 2014 TEXT3
它们使孤独天才的神话持续。
649 perplexed [pɚr'plekst]
adj.困惑的
【真题例句】
Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that
anyone would deliberately harm an animal. 2003 TEXT2
听到在研究环境中虐待动物的指控，许多人很困惑为什么有人要故意伤害动物。
650 persistent [pər'sɪstənt]
adj.坚持的、持续的
【真题例句】
Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. 2005
TEXT3
这些饱受持续噩梦折磨的人应该寻求医生的帮助。
651 perspective [pɚr'spektɪv]
n.视角、观点
【真题例句】
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to
be a passing fad. 2013 TEXT3
这种长远视角使得对人类前景的悲观态度更像是一股短暂的风潮。141
652 pervasive [pər'veɪ
sɪv]
adj.普遍的、流行的
【真题例句】
Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.
2004 TEXT4
在我们的学校里，普遍存在的反学术主义的症状并不难找。
653 pessimistic [ˌpesɪ'mɪstɪk]
adj.悲观的
【真题例句】
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to
be a passing fad. 2013 TEXT3
这种长远视角使得对人类前景的悲观态度更像是一股短暂的风潮。
654 philosophy [fə'lɑ:səfi]
n.哲学
【真题例句】
According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial
America was “So much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.” 2009 TEXT4
据美国哲学正史记载，在美洲殖民地没有任何地方像这里“如此重视对知识文化的
追求”。
655 phony ['foʊni]
adj.假的、虚伪的
【真题例句】
But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as
meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring. 2006 TEXT4
但大约从 19 世纪以后，更多的艺术家开始把幸福看作是无趣的、虚伪的，最糟糕
的，无聊的。
656 physical ['fɪ
zɪkl]
adj.身体的、生理的、实体的
【真题例句】
Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. 2002 TEXT4
男性遭遇的更多的是随机的、生理上的暴力。142
657 plead [pli:d]
v.请求、恳求
【真题例句】
Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered
approach to using green land. 2016 TEXT2
只有英国独立党觉察到了机会，与那些请求以一种更考虑周全的方式使用绿地的
人站在了同一阵营。
658 polarize [ˈpoʊləraɪz]
v.（使）两极分化
【真题例句】
When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco
regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”
politics and “embody”
a spirit of national
unity . 2015 TEXT1
当公众舆论两极分化严重时，正如当年佛朗哥政权结束后的那样，君主可以超越
“纯粹的”政治，转而“象征”国家统一的精神。
659 ponder ['pɑ:ndɚr]
v.仔细考虑、深思
【真题例句】
智力尝试去理解、处理、排序和调节，而才智是审视、思考、探究、形成理论、
批判和想象。
660 popularity [ˌpɑ:pju'lærəti]
n.普及、流行
【真题例句】
The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,
brands, or neighborhoods. 2010 TEXT3
该理论似乎也解释了某些书籍、品牌或地段突然出乎意料地广为流行的原因。
661 portray [pɔ:r'treɪ
]
v.描述、描绘
【真题例句】
progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative 143
TEXT4
662 possession [pə'zeʃn]
n.财产、所有物
【真题例句】
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that
upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of
suspects at the time of their arrest. 2015 TEXT2
加州已请求大法官们不要做出一刀切的裁决，尤其是不要推翻旧的假设，即：执
法当局在嫌疑犯被捕时可搜查其财物。
663 potential [pə'tenʃl]
adj.潜在的、可能的 n.潜能、可能
【真题例句】
Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. 2004 TEXT3
潜在的购房者会为低利率叫好。
664 precede [prɪ'si:d]
v.在……之前、高于
【真题例句】
That federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. 2013 TEXT4
联邦法律高于洲法律，这点毋庸置疑。
665 precious ['preʃəs]
adj.珍贵的、宝贵的
【真题例句】
If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will
extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. 2003 TEXT2
如果好人无所作为，一群不明真相的民众真的有可能熄灭医学进步的珍贵火种。
666 precisely [prɪ'saɪsli]
adv.准确地、恰恰是 144
【真题例句】
In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such
as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more
precisely.
2013 TEXT1
最近大约十年，技术的进步使得大众品牌，如 Zara，H&M，Uniqlo 等，可以更快
地对时尚做出反应，同时更准确地对需求进行预测。
667 predecessor ['predəsesɚr]
n.前任、前辈
【真题例句】
26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of
the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. 2004 TEXT2
乔治•布什的前任总统中（包括他的父亲），有 26 位姓氏开头字母处在字母表的
前半部分，只有 16 位处在后半部分。
668 predict [prɪ'dɪkt]
v.预言、预知
【真题例句】
And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of
equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly
confident.”
2008 TEXT3
如果你需要预测不久的将来人类的身高来设计一个设备的话，戈登说：大体而言，
“你可以使用如今的数据，并且非常自信。”
669 preference ['prefrəns]
n.喜好、偏好
【真题例句】
Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says
consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their
preferences.
2013 TEXT2
美国广告商协会会长鲍勃•利奥迪斯称，如果广告行业不能收集消费者的偏好信
息，他们的情况将会更糟。
670 prejudice ['predʒudɪs]145
n.偏见
【真题例句】
George Osborne’s preference reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas. 2016
TEXT2
乔治•奥斯本的偏好揭示了对城区的强烈偏见。
671 preliminary [prɪ
'lɪmɪneri]
adj.初步的、预备的
【真题例句】
Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime
to employ ultra-thin models on runways. 2016 TEXT1
法国立法者们上周初步批准了一项法案，将雇佣极瘦模特走 T 台定为犯罪。
672 premise ['premɪs]
n.前提
【真题例句】
If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal
in treatment by government– is undermined. 2017 TEXT4
如果金钱可以买通人脉关系，那么民主社会的基本前提——人人享有政府平等对
待——就遭到了破坏。
673 prescribe [prɪ'skraɪb]
v.开药、开处方
【真题例句】
674 preserve [prɪ'zɝ:rv]
v.保存、保持
【真题例句】
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather
ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. 2015 TEXT1
只有女王以她极为普通（尽管穿着考究）的老奶奶风格保持了君主的声望。146
675 pressure ['preʃɚr]
n.压力
【真题例句】
Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to
apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. 2011 TEXT3
例如，社交网络用户正在认识到他们可以劫持媒介向最初创建这些媒介的企业施
加压力。
676 prestige [pre'sti:ʒ]
n.声望、声誉
【真题例句】
You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy
their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. 2014 TEXT3
俗话说，金钱买不来地位，所以这些暴富的企业家也无法给他们的奖项买来诺贝
尔奖一样的声望。
677 presumptively [pri'zʌmptɪvli]
adv.假定地、推测地
【真题例句】
Painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result
in license suspension. 2002 TEXT4
痛苦的死亡应该被假定为治疗不力的结果，并应该导致从医资格的吊销。
678 prevailing [prɪ'veɪ
lɪŋ]
adj.流行的、现行的
【真题例句】
First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is
viewed as incomplete or incorrect. 2012 TEXT3
首先，科学研究倾向于聚焦现行知识中被认为不完整或者是不正确的方面。
679 prevent [pri'vent]
v.阻止、防止
【真题例句】
But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check
immigration status, it could. 2013 TEXT4
但是如果国会想要阻止各州用自己的资源对移民身份进行核查，它可以这么做。147
680 previous ['pri:vɪəs]
adj.之前的
【真题例句】
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because
consumers can be affected by all three. 2016 TEXT3
之前对 CSR 的研究很难区分这几种效应，因为消费者可能会被三者共同影响。
681 primary ['praɪmeri]
adj.主要的、基本的、初级的
【真题例句】
As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a
back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner
got laid off or fell sick. 2007 TEXT3
结果，他们失去了曾经拥有的经济困难时期的“降落伞”——一个候补赚钱者（通
常是母亲）。她们可以在主要挣钱者失业或生病的时候走入职场。
682 principle ['prɪnsəpl]
n.原理、原则
【真题例句】
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the
Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”. 2002 TEXT4
尽管最高法院裁定医生没有宪法权利协助病人自杀，但它事实上支持了“双效原
则”这一医疗原则。
683 prior ['praɪɚr]
adj.在……之前的、优先的
【真题例句】
In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents.
2006 TEXT1
在 1990 年之前的十年中，每 1000 个居民中就有 3.1 个是移民。
684 private ['praɪ
vət]
adj.私人的、私密的
【真题例句】
In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private
one.
2012 TEXT4148
许多富裕国家公共部门的平均薪资高于私营部门。
685 privilege ['prɪ
vəlɪdʒ]
n.特权
【真题例句】
Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the
way they behave today — embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and
inequalities.
2015 TEXT1
尽管他们声称自己象征着国家统一，但就其历史本身——以及今天他们有时候的
行为方式——都代表了过时的、不应捍卫的特权和不平等。
686 procedure [prə'si:dʒɚr]
n.程序、步骤
【真题例句】
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,
meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of
thought. 2009 TEXT1
目前对标准化测试的注重突出了分析和程序这两种思维模式，也就意味着我们中
很少有人本能地运用我们创新和合作的思维模式。
687 proceed [proʊ'si:d]
v.接着、继续 n.收入
【真题例句】
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030-
financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions. 2019 TEXT2
加州计划 2020 年之前每年处理 35000 英亩，然后 2030 年之前每年处理 60000 英
亩。该计划的资金来自于州排放许可拍卖的收入。
688 proclaim [prə'kleɪm]
v.宣布、宣告
【真题例句】
Hofstadter says our country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully
and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with
children who show the least intellectual promise”. 2004 TEXT4
霍夫斯塔特说，我们国家的教育体系被这样的人所掌控，他们“沾沾自喜地、霸气
十足地公然宣称敌视才智，并迫不及待地找到那些看来在才智方面最没有前途的 149
孩子。”
689 productive [prə'dʌktɪv]
adj.生产的、多产的、有效的
【真题例句】
Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for
other things. 2009 TEXT3
只有当人类开始用更有效的方法获取食物之后，他们才有考虑其他事情的时间。
690 professional [prə'feʃənl]
adj.专业的、职业的
【真题例句】
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and
improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to
employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. 2014
TEXT2
事实上，允许非律师持有律师事务所股份能降低成本，并为客户提供更好的服务。
因为这样做可以鼓励律师事务所使用科技，并聘请专业经理人着力提高公司效率。
691 proficient [prə'fɪʃnt]
adj.熟练的、精通的
【真题例句】
The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. 2006
TEXT1
移民的孩子倾向于双语的并且精通英语。
692 profit ['prɑ:fɪt]
v.获利、受益 n.利益、利润
【真题例句】
Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more
profit.
2013 TEXT1
更快的运转意味着更少的库存浪费，更快的新品发布和更多的利润。
693 profound [prə'faʊnd]
adj.深刻的、深远的
The effect of peer pressure is profound. 2012 TEXT1
同辈压力的影响是深刻的。
694 progress ['prɑ:ɡrəs]
v/n.进步、发展
【真题例句】
But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply
worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see
progress.
2017 TEXT3
但是，政策制定者们若能重新集中努力提升幸福感，而非仅仅担忧 GDP 数字，就
可能避免预期的灾难，甚至可能见证进步。
695 prohibition [ˌprəʊɪ'bɪʃn]
n.禁止、禁令
【真题例句】
Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected
by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches. 2015 TEXT2
公民有权要求私人文件保持私密并且受到宪法“禁止无理搜查”条款的保护。
696 prominent ['prɑ:mɪ
nənt]
adj.显著的、杰出的
【真题例句】
Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars,
lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy,
filmmaking, music and journalism. 2014 TEXT4
该委员会的 51 位成员中，有顶尖大学的校长、学者、律师、法官和企业高管，以
及来自外交、电影制作、音乐和新闻行业的杰出人物。
697 promising ['prɑ:mɪ
sɪŋ]
adj.有希望的、好的
【真题例句】
A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial
incentives for private industry, is a promising start. 2005 TEXT2
弗吉尼亚的民主党议员罗伯特•伯德提出的一项法案（该法案会对私企提供经济刺
激）就是一个良好的开端。151
698 promote [prə'moʊt]
v.促进、推广
【真题例句】
We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of
education even when governments don’t force it. 2009 TEXT3
我们不得不猜想即使政府不强制推行教育，经济持续增长也会促进教育的发展。
699 prompt [prɒmpt]
adj.迅速的、立即的 v.促使、引起
【真题例句】
The “mommy wars”of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about
why women still can't have it all. 2015 TEXT3
二十世纪九十年代的“妈咪战争”仍在进行中，并引起了争论：为什么女性仍然不
能拥有一切。
700 prone [proʊn]
adj.易于……的、倾向于……的
【真题例句】
Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a
moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the
negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses. 2013 TEXT3
科学家们发现，尽管我们很容易过度反应，但如果我们花点时间思考一下我们如
何反应，我们就可以减少甚至消除快速、本能反应的负面影响。
701 pronounced [prə'naʊnst]
adj.明显的、显著的
【真题例句】
If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and
professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more
pronounced.
2007 TEXT1
如果再看看为世界杯和职业球队输送人才的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一奇怪
的现象更为显著。
702 proper [ˈprɑ:pər]
adj.合适的、恰当的
The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to
the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. 2010 TEXT4
细节可能不得而知，但是标准设定者的独立性这一资本市场合理运转的关键，正
在被破坏。
703 property ['prɑ:pɚrti]
n.资产、财产
【真题例句】
In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of
business-method patents. 2010 TEXT2
在一次令知识产权律师们议论纷纷的举措中，美国联邦巡回上诉法院宣称，它将
利用一起特殊案件对商业方法专利开展广泛的复审。
704 propose [prə'poʊz]
v.计划、建议
【真题例句】
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a “do
not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that
they did not want to be followed. 2013 TEXT2
在 2010 年十二月，美国联邦贸易委员会计划为浏览器增加一个“禁止追踪”（DNT）
的选项，因此用户可以告诉广告商他们不想被追踪。
705 prospect ['prɑ:spekt]
n.前途、前景
【真题例句】
A lot of students take up law as their profession due to the prospect of working in big
firms.
2014 TEXT2
很多学生选择从事法律行业是出于大型律所工作的前景。
706 prosperity [prɑ:'sperəti]
n.繁荣
【真题例句】
“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and
social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. 2014 153
TEXT4
707 protest [prə'tɛst]
v/n.抗议
【真题例句】
Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant
observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. 2017
TEXT2
大天文台。
708 provide [prə'vaɪd]
v.提供、供应
【真题例句】
And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the
other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to
accept the slice of cucumber. 2005 TEXT1
如果一只猴子压根不用提供代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话，另一只猴子就会把自
己的代币扔向研究人员或者扔出笼外，或者拒绝接受那片黄瓜。
709 provoke [prə'voʊk]
v.激起、引起
【真题例句】
710 prudent ['pru:dnt]
adj.谨慎的
【真题例句】
Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions. 2012 TEXT4
公共部门工会对于采取措施是谨慎的。154
711 psychology [saɪ'kɑ:lədʒi]
n.心理（学）
【真题例句】
Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would
have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.
2007 TEXT1
艾利克森在瑞典长大，此前一直研究核工程，直到他意识到如果他转向研究心理
学的话，会有更多的机会去实施自己的研究。
712 publication [ˌpʌblɪ'keɪʃn]
n.出版（物）
【真题例句】
Online publication is significant in that it provides an easier access to scientific results.
2008 TEXT2
在线出版是重要的，因为它为科学成果提供了一个更加简便的入口。
713 purchase ['pɝ:rtʃəs]
v/n.购买
【真题例句】
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available
without prescriptions last years. 2009 TEXT2
自去年 PTK 无需医师处方即可购买以来，其购买者已逾 60,000 人。
714 pursuit [pɚr'su:t]
n.追求、职业
【真题例句】
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide
range of pursuits, including soccer. 2007 TEXT1
艾利克森和他的同事由此开始研究众多职业领域的专家级表现者，包括足球。
715 radical ['rædɪkl]
adj.根本的、激进的
【真题例句】
Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and
proposes no radical education reforms. 2005 TEXT4
麦克沃特先生承认正式英语并非不可或缺，他也没有建议要进行激进的教育改革。155
716 random ['rændəm]
adj.随机的、随便的
【真题例句】
His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear
and then repeat a random series of numbers. 2007 TEXT1
他的首个实验，大约在 30 年前，与记忆力相关：训练一个人听一组随机数字，随
后进行复述。
717 rarely ['rerli]
adv.很少地、罕有地
【真题例句】
供养料。
718 readily ['redɪli]
adv.乐意地
【真题例句】
They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily.
2005 TEXT1
它们是温和，合作的生物，并乐于分享食物。
719 realm [relm]
n.领域、范围
【真题例句】
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm.
2013 TEXT3
但是，对快速刺激的快速决策反应并不局限于人际领域。
720 reap [ri:p]
v.收获、收割
【真题例句】
Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list
ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
2018TEXT4
哈德福提出，无可避免的干扰常常会使每日任务清单变得无效，而在任务清单中 156
留出随机应变的空间会收获最好的结果。
721 reasonable ['ri:znəbl]
adj.合理的
【真题例句】
They could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered
while waiting for a warrant. 2015 TEXT2
他们可以在等待搜查令时采取合理措施以保证手机数据不被删除或更改。
722 recessing [ri'sɛsɪŋ]
n.衰退（期）、萧条（期）
【真题例句】
Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak.
2009 TEXT3
不久前，随着美国经济进入衰退期，而日本经济处于泡沫破灭前的顶峰。
723 recipient [rɪ'sɪ
pɪənt]
n.接受者、获得者
【真题例句】
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure
in action. 2012 TEXT1
罗森伯格，普利策奖的获得者，提供了大量正在实施的社会救治的例子。
724 recitation [ˌresɪ'teɪʃn]
n.背诵、朗诵
【真题例句】
We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out
at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. 2004 TEXT4
我们在学校背诵室被关了十到十五年，最后出来满腹经纶，却一无所知。
725 recklessly ['rekləsli]
adv.鲁莽地、不计后果地
【真题例句】
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. 2015
TEXT2
若是听从加州的建议，那最高法院真是“谦虚”得不计后果。157
726 recognize ['rekəɡnaɪz]
v.认出、识别
【真题例句】
They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a
millimeter in a controlled factory environment. 2002 TEXT2
他们已经制造出了这样的机器人。这些机器人在受控的工厂环境中可以识别仪器
盘上毫米级别的错误。
727 recommend [ˌrekə'mend]
v.推荐、建议
【真题例句】
First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are
recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S.
airports with increasingly massive security lines. 2017 TEXT1
起初是两小时，如今是三小时——这是官方建议搭乘国内航班的乘客需提前抵达
机场的时间，至少在安检队伍越来越长的美国几大主要机场是如此。
728 recovery [rɪ'kʌvəri]
n.恢复、复苏
【真题例句】
Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash. 2017
TEXT3
是的，自从 2008 年的全球经济崩溃以来，已经有了初露头角的经济复苏。
729 recruit [rɪ'kru:t]
v.招聘、招募 n.招聘、新兵、新成员
【真题例句】
In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the
increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world. 2008
TEXT3
就 NBA 球员的案例来说，他们身高的增长似乎是“从世界各地招募球员”这种日
益普遍做法的结果。
730 rectify ['rektɪfaɪ
]
v.改正、矫正
【真题例句】
The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help 158
rectify this. 2014 TEXT4
全面支出审查为政府提供了一个纠正这一问题的机会。
731 reduce [rɪ'dju:s]
v.降低、减少
【真题例句】
Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,
energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. 2002 TEXT3
能源保护、燃料转型以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的下降，都降低了原油消耗。
732 refer [rɪ'fɝ:r]
v.涉及、提到
【真题例句】
So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common
method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer
enough.
2017 TEXT3
因此，肯尼迪所指的是：尽管 GDP 一直是衡量国家经济活动的最常用办法，但作
为一种衡量标准，它已不再足够全面。
733 reflect [rɪ'flekt]
v.反射、反映
【真题例句】
Researchers have come to believe that dreams reflect our innermost desires and fears.
2005 TEXT3
研究人已经开始相信：梦反映了我们内心深处的欲望和恐惧。
734 reform [rɪ'fɔ:rm]
v/n.改革
【真题例句】
The decline of formal English is inevitable in radical education reforms. 2005
TEXT4
正式英语的退化在激进的教育改革中是不可避免的。
735 refutation [ˌrefju'teɪʃn]
n.反驳、驳斥
Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear
to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential
modification or refutation by future researchers. 2012 TEXT3
毫不意外的是，那些看似重要且令人信服的新近发表的发现声明和可靠发现将会
一直面临着来自未来研究人员的挑战，潜在的调整或反驳。
736 regime [reɪ
'ʒiːm]
n.政权、政治制度
【真题例句】
When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco
regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national
unity.
2015 TEXT1
当公众舆论两极分化严重时，正如当年佛朗哥政权结束后的那样，君主可以超越
“纯粹的”政治，转而“象征”国家统一的精神。
737 region ['ri:dʒən]
n.地区、范围
【真题例句】
And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the
world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 2015 TEXT1
也正因此，除中东之外，欧洲是世界上君主最泛滥的地区，有十个有君主的国家
（还不算梵蒂冈和安道尔）。
738 register ['redʒɪstɚr]
v/n.登记、注册
【真题例句】
Consumers passionate about a product may create“earned”media by willingly
promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned” media by sending e-mail
alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. 2011
TEXT3
热衷某一产品的消费者可能会创建“口碑”媒介，自愿把该产品推荐给朋友；企
业可以利用“自有”媒介，向其网站的注册消费者发送产品及减价信息的电子邮
件提示。
739 regrettable [rɪ
'ɡretəbl]
adj.可惜的、令人遗憾的 160
【真题例句】
Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees the
gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable
than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. 2005 TEXT4
麦克沃特先生的学术专长是语言史和语言演变；他认为诸如“whom”这种单词的
逐渐消失是自然的，与古英语演变中的尾格消失一样，不足为憾。
740 regulation [ˌreɡju'leɪʃn]
n.管理、法规
【真题例句】
But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval
个法规。
741 reign [reɪn]
v/n.统治、支配
【真题例句】
King Juan Carlos of Spain ended his reign in embarrassment. 2015 TEXT1
西班牙国王胡安•卡洛斯在尴尬中结束了他的统治。
742 reinforce [ˌri:ɪn'fɔ:rs]
v.强化、加强
【真题例句】
But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the
courts, to ensure equality of access to government. 2017 TEXT4
但该裁决加强了对于公民及其所选代表（而非法院）的要求，去确保接触政府的
公平。
743 reject [rɪ'dʒekt]
v.拒绝、排斥
【真题例句】
From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges
have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. 2004 TEXT4
霍夫施塔特说，从我们的历史开始之时起，民主化和平民化的渴望就驱使我们排
斥任何有精英主义气味的东西。161
744 release [rɪ'li:s]
v.发布、释放
【真题例句】
“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and
social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. 2014
TEXT4
745 reliance [rɪ'laɪəns]
n.信赖、依赖
【真题例句】
A 2014 survey conducted in Australia，Britain，and the United States by the University
of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater
political engagement . 2018 TEXT2
威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校 2014 年在澳大利亚，英国和美国进行的一项调查发现，
年轻人对社交媒体的依赖使其政治参与度提升。
746 relieve [rɪ'li:v]
v.缓解、减轻
【真题例句】
The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important
2002 TEXT4
最高法院关于医助自杀的裁决对医药如何试图减轻病危病人的疼痛和折磨具有重
要的意义。
747 religious [rɪ
'lɪ
dʒəs]
adj.宗教的、虔诚的
【真题例句】
Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s. 2009
TEXT4
另一方面，很多移民并没有丹奈这么虔诚的宗教信仰。
748 reluctant [rɪ
'lʌktənt]162
adj.勉强的、不情愿的
【真题例句】
So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was
reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. 2005 TEXT1
因此，当一只猴子用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，另一只猴子就不愿意用自己的代
币去仅仅换回一片黄瓜。
749 remark [rɪ'mɑ:rk]
v.评论、注意到 n.言论、评论
【真题例句】
Queen Liliuokalani’s remark indicates the importance of astronomy in ancient
Hawaiian society. 2017 TEXT2
利留卡拉尼女王的言论表明了天文学在古代夏威夷社会的重要性。
750 reminder [rɪ'maɪndɚr]
n.提醒、暗示
【真题例句】
When you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. 2004
TEXT1
当你收到电子邮件的时候，把它当做是重新查阅数据库的提醒。
751 remote [rɪ'moʊt]
adj.遥远的、偏僻的
【真题例句】
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars
like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks. 2006 TEXT1
罗德里格斯指出，世界上很多偏远村庄的孩子都是巨星阿诺•施瓦辛格或加斯•布鲁
克斯的粉丝。
752 renovation [ˌrenə'veɪʃn]
n.整修、翻新
【真题例句】
Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban
renovation and renewal. 2016 TEXT2
在游说团体的压力下，乔治•奥斯本支持乡村建房而非城市翻新和改造。
753 represent [ˌreprɪ'zent]163
v.代表、表现
【真题例句】
“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the
marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents
shippers.
2003 TEXT3
“难道我们真的希望铁路公司成为市场中定夺谁胜谁负的仲裁者吗？”经常代表
托运商的华盛顿律师马丁•贝克维奇问道。
754 reproducibility [rɪprə,dju:sə'bɪ
lɪ
tɪ
]
n.重现性、再生性
【真题例句】
Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The
creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application
of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive
to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” 2015 TEXT3
在被问及是否已有特殊的论文促成了这样的改变时，麦克娜特说: “对科学研究领
域的统计学应用和数据分析的广泛关注，促成了‘统计委员会’的成立，同时该委员
会也是提高《科学》杂志所出版的研究的重现性努力中的一部分。”
755 reputation [ˌrepju'teɪʃn]
n.名声、名誉
【真题例句】
If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,
putting the reputation of the target company at risk. 2011 TEXT3
这种情况一旦发生，易怒的消费者会努力说服他人联合抵制某种产品，从而使目
标公司的声誉陷入危机。
756 require [rɪ'kwaɪər]
v.需要、要求
【真题例句】
Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the
company for testing. 2009 TEXT2
大多数检测都需要用棉签蘸取口中唾液采集细胞，并将唾液送到指定公司进行检
测。
757 resent [rɪ'zent]164
v.厌恶、对……感到不满
【真题例句】
Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege. 2004 TEXT4
学术被视为一种权力或特权的形式而遭到人们的厌恶。
758 resident ['rezɪ
dənt]
n.居民
【真题例句】
In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents. 2006
TEXT1
在 1990 年之前的十年中，每 1000 个居民中就有 3.1 个是移民。
759 resistant [rɪ'zɪstənt]
adj.抵制的、抗拒的
【真题例句】
Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's
immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. 2006
TEXT1
为《国家移民论坛》撰稿的格雷戈里•罗德里格斯报道说今天的外来移民既不是空
前的水平，也不抗拒同化。
760 respect [rɪ'spekt]
v.尊敬、尊重 n.尊敬、方面
【真题例句】
But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have
survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial
but respected public figure. 2015 TEXT1
但不同于海湾地区及亚洲地区的专制主义君主，大多数欧洲王室能够存留下来是
因为他们能让选民避免费力地寻找一个无可争议而又备受尊敬的公众人物。
761 responsible [rɪ'spɑ:nsəbl]
adj.负责的、有责任的
【真题例句】
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper
atmospheric and oceanic research. 2005 TEXT2
为了成为这个星球负责的管家，我们必须推进更加深入的大气和海洋研究。165
762 restore [rɪ'stɔ:r]
v.修复、恢复、（使）复原
【真题例句】
Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of
economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore. 2007 TEXT4
无疑的是，即使最愚笨的管理人员也应该会清楚地知道：信任，这一最有价值的
经济资产，很容易遭到破坏而修复起来代价高昂。
763 resume [ri'zju:m]
v.恢复、重新开始 n.简历
【真题例句】
Redmon find his job by E-mailing his resume to a database. 2004 TEXT1
瑞德蒙是通过发送简历到数据库找到工作的。
764 retail ['ritel]
adj.零售的 v/n.零售
【真题例句】
In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big
changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
2002 TEXT3
在欧洲，税收占到汽油零售价的五分之四，所以即使原油价格出现较大波动，对
出泵价造成的影响也比过去要小。
765 retain [rɪ'teɪn]
v.保持、保留
【真题例句】
Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural
coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. 2016 TEXT2
半个世纪的城乡规划使其能够保持令人羡慕的乡村协调性，同时还能保证低密度
的城市居住。
766 retreat [rɪ'tri:t]
v.后退、衰退 n.后退、衰退
【真题例句】
Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
2010 TEXT1
更何况，音乐评论的业余传统已经迅速走向衰落。166
767 retrospection [ˌretrə'spekʃn]
n.回忆、反思
【真题例句】
Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.”
2017 TEXT1
官方仍在反思为什么伦敦 2012 未能成功“激励一代人”。
768 reveal [rɪ'vi:l]
v.揭露、表明
【真题例句】
Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan and Toyota achieved
about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts. 2009 TEXT3
然而研究表明，本田、日产、丰田在美国的工厂达到了日本本土工厂生产力的约
95%。
769 revenue ['revənu:]
n.收入、收益
【真题例句】
And though print and sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue
from print is still declining. 2016 TEXT4
尽管实体报纸的印刷和销量仍远超线上和手机版，但其收入却仍在下滑。
770 reverse [rɪ'vɝ:rs]
v.颠倒、扭转、（使）转变
【真题例句】
We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the
high-speed trend. 2013 TEXT3
我们仍然有想象能力来摆脱诱惑，扭转快速反应的趋势。
771 review [rɪ'vju:]
v/n.回顾、审核
【真题例句】
But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company's application,
it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.2012 TEXT2
但当美国核能管理委员会审核该公司的申请时，它应该牢牢记住，Entergy 公司的
承诺一文不值。167
772 revival [rɪ'vaɪvl]
n.复活、复兴、苏醒
【真题例句】
The rule changes of the FASB may result in the revival of the banking system.
2010 TEXT4
FASB 的准则修改可能导致银行系统的复兴。
773 revolutionary [ˌrevə'lu:ʃəneri]
adj.革命的、革命性的
【真题例句】
的欲望和恐惧的影子。
774 righteous ['raɪ
tʃəs]
adj.公正的、正义的
【真题例句】
Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
2005 TEXT1
看来，出于正义的愤怒并非人类特有。
775 rigid ['rɪdʒɪd]
adj.过于严格的、僵化的
【真题例句】
The current collective doctrine shows a rigid moral code. 2015 TEXT4
现行的集体信条体现了一种僵化的道德标准。
776 rigorous ['rɪ
ɡərəs]
adj.严格的、枯燥的
【真题例句】
Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and
rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children. 2004 TEXT4
拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生和其他先验主义哲学家认为，学校教育和枯燥的书本学习会
限制孩子们的天性。168
777 ritual ['rɪ
tʃuəl]
n.仪式、习惯
【真题例句】
Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between
hair brushing and putting on makeup. 2010 TEXT3
润肤霜被宣传为晨间美容仪式的一部分，进入了梳头和化妆之间。
778 rival ['raɪvl]
n.竞争者、对手
【真题例句】
Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a
defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. 2010 TEXT2
后来，更多的老牌公司竞相将此类专利归入卷宗，哪怕只是作为一项防御性措施
以防范可能先发制人的竞争对手。
779 robust [roʊ'bʌst]
adj.健壮的、强有力的
【真题例句】
The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more
robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts. 2013
TEXT4
唯一的主要反对来自于大法官安东宁•斯卡利亚，他追溯到《外国人与煽动叛乱法
案》，并为州特权进行了强有力的辩护。
780 rough [rʌf]
adj.粗糙的、大致的
【真题例句】
The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for.
2011 TEXT3
营销成功的大致准则曾经是：花多少钱，办多少事。
781 routine [ru:'ti:n]
adj.日常的、常规的 n.常规、惯例
【真题例句】
Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot
and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. 2009 TEXT1169
习惯是一件有趣的事情。我们无需思考地按其行事，将我们的大脑设为自动驾驶
模式并放松地进入常规惯例带来的无意识舒适状态。
782 satisfy ['sætɪsfaɪ
]
v.满足、使满意
【真题例句】
They could even be detrimental,satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever
progressing onto bigger,bolder,more effective actions. 2019TEXT4
它们甚至可能是有害的，满足人们“已尽本分”的需求使得人们不愿意进一步采
取更大的、更勇敢的、更有效的行动。
783 saturate ['sætʃəreɪt]
v.浸透、使饱和
【真题例句】
In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. 2006
TEXT3
同时，在早些年间，长线鱼钩本可以挂满更多的鱼。
784 scapegoat ['skeɪ
pɡoʊt]
n.替罪羊
【真题例句】
You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the
telephone system. 2002 TEXT1
如果你坚持调侃如邮局或是电话系统这样的替罪羊将会更加安全。
785 scary ['skeri]
adj.可怕的
【真题例句】
This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when
prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. 2002 TEXT3
油价几乎三倍的上涨唤起了人们可怕的回忆。一次是 1973 的石油冲击，当时油价
上涨了 4 倍，另一次是 1979 年到 1980 年间，当时油价也几乎上涨了三倍。
786 scorn [skɔ:rn]
v/n.轻蔑、鄙视
【真题例句】
Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in 170
recent years it has been particularly scorned. 2012 TEXT1
家庭作业一直不受学生甚至家长的欢迎，但在最近几年，它遭到了格外的鄙视。
787 screen [skri:n]
v.检查、审查 n.屏幕
【真题例句】
Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.
2017 TEXT1
通过了背景调查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道。
788 scrutinize ['skru:tənaɪz]
v.仔细察看、详细检查
【真题例句】
会想要离开。
789 section ['sekʃn]
n.部分、阶层
【真题例句】
This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required
them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. 2010
TEXT4
这项法律废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊教育要求，并要求他们从整个社区的各个阶
层中被随机挑选。
790 secure [sɪ'kjʊr]
adj.安全的；无忧的 v.保护、得到
【真题例句】
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on
hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by
economic risk and new realities. 2007 TEXT3
上一代的美国中产阶级家庭曾经依靠努力工作和公平竞争就能使自己经济无忧，
但这种状况已经被如今的经济风险和新的现实状况改变了。
791 segment ['seɡmənt]171
v.切分、分割 n.部分
【真题例句】
And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences.
2012 TEXT2
并且切分市场的最早方法之一就是放大性别差异。
792 selective [sɪ'lektɪv]
adj.选择的、挑剔的
【真题例句】
But now most colleges save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and
even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven. 2019 TEXT2
但现在，除了那些挑剔的大学（名牌大学）之外，大部分大学都允许各年级的本
科生，甚至是研究生，去重修他们得分较低的科目。
793 senior ['si:nɪɚr]
adj.年长的、高级的
【真题例句】
A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague
pronouncements cloud their reputations. 2011 TEXT2
同时，动荡的商业环境也让高级经理人格外小心，避免让模糊不清的表态损害自
己的名誉。
794 sensitive ['sensətɪv]
adj.敏感的
【真题例句】
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to
swings in the oil price. 2002 TEXT3
发达国家也不像原来那样依赖石油了，因此对油价的波动也就不那么敏感了。
795 sentiment ['sentɪmənt]
n.感情、情绪
【真题例句】
Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside is not well reflected in politics.
2016 TEXT2
英国公众对于乡村的感情并没有很好的反映在政治上。
796 separate ['seprət]172
adj.单独的、分开的 v.分开、使分离
【真题例句】
However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that
each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour
became markedly different. 2005 TEXT1
然而，当两只猴子被放在分开但相邻的笼子里时，所以一只会观察另一只用它的
石头换来了什么，它们的行为会变得明显不同。
797 series ['s
ɪ
ri:z]
n.系列（节目）、丛书
【真题例句】
以上。
798 severe [sɪ'vɪr]
adj.严重的、严峻的、严厉的
【真题例句】
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe
than in the 1970s. 2002 TEXT3
但是，有充分的理由去预期现在的经济后果不会像 20 世纪 70 年代那么严重。
799 shed [ʃed]
v.脱落、流出
【真题例句】
解释。
800 shield [ʃi:ld]
v.遮挡、保护 n.盾牌
【真题例句】
Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can
possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. 2003 TEXT4
由于我们受到第三方的保护而免于支付医疗费用，所以我们想要用尽一切可能的 173
医疗措施，即使这些措施是没用的。
801 shift [ʃɪft]
v/n.转移、转变
【真题例句】
Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy,
energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. 2002 TEXT3
能源保护、燃料转型以及能源密集型重工业的重要性的下降，都降低了原油消耗。
802 shrinking [ʃ
rɪŋkɪŋ]
adj.收缩的、萎缩的 n.收缩、萎缩
【真题例句】
The price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. 2002 TEXT3
原油价格的上涨导致了重工业的萎缩。
803 signature ['sɪgnətʃɚr]
n.签名
【真题例句】
Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more
impact than a lot. 2011 TEXT3
密斯的签名意味着更少的装饰，合理的组织比大量的装饰要更有影响力。
804 significant [sɪ
ɡ'nɪ
fɪ
kənt]
adj.重要的
【真题例句】
In rich countries oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP. 2002 TEXT3
在发达国家，石油价格的变动对国内生产总值没有重要影响。
805 skeptical ['skeptɪkl]
adj.怀疑的
【真题例句】
But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical.
2010 TEXT4
但是银行的股份交易低于它们的账面价值，这就表明投资者持怀疑态度。
806 skip [skɪp]
v/n.跳跃、跳过、跳读 174
【真题例句】
Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,
whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 2007 TEXT2
任何经历过 SAT 考试的人都会证实应试技巧也很重要，即是否知晓何时猜测或何
种问题应该跳过。
807 slacking [slækɪŋ]
adj.懒惰的
【真题例句】
怒。
808 slim [slɪm]
adj.苗条的、薄的
【真题例句】
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get
the most “happiness bang for your buck”. 2014 TEXT1
这本薄薄的册子充满了建议。无论你是工资的奴仆，还是彩票的幸运儿，这些建
议都可以帮助你“从财富中获得最大的快乐”。
809 sole [soʊl]
adj.单独的、唯一的
【真题例句】
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the
sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different. 2017 TEXT3
这是发达国家值得学习的一课：当 GDP 不再被看作是衡量国家成功的唯一标准时，
世界看起来会是非常地不同。
810 sophisticated [sə'fɪstɪkeɪ
tɪd]
adj.复杂的、精致的
【真题例句】
Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were
small and efficient, rather than big and often empty. 2011 TEXT3175
密斯复杂的表达遮盖了一个事实：他设计的空间小而实用，并非大而空荡。
811 species ['spi:ʃi:z]
n.种类、物种
【真题例句】
That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be
cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its
levels.
2006 TEXT3
这一点很重要，因为有关理论认为，一个渔场能够提供的最大可持续产出，就是
该渔场中目标物种生物总量约等于原始水平的一半。
812 split [splɪt]
v.分解、分开、使分离
【真题例句】
Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost
profits.
2012 TEXT2
把儿童或成年人群体分解成更小的群体被证明是提高利润的保险方式。
813 sponsor ['spɑ:nsɚr]
v.赞助、发起 n.赞助商、发起者
【真题例句】
In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the
Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. 2012 TEXT1
在南卡罗来纳，一项由该州发起的名为“怒对阴霾”的反吸烟计划试图让吸烟变
得不再炫酷。
814 spontaneity [ˌspɑ:ntə'neɪəti]
n.自然流露、即兴发挥
【真题例句】
In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over
craft.
2005 TEXT4
无论是在口语还是写作中，聊天都胜过了演讲，即兴发挥胜过了精心准备。176
815 spread [spred]
v/n.传播、分布
【真题例句】English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet.
2004 TEXT2
英语名字是非常平均的分布在字母表中的。
816 squeeze [skwi:z]
v.挤压、榨取
【真题例句】
About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of
Oxford study ,with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. 2018 TEXT1
牛津大学的研究表明，美国的工作岗位中约有一半处于被自动化的高风险，而中
产阶级首当其冲遭受到了不成比例地挤压。
817 stable ['steɪbl]
adj.稳定的、稳固的
【真题例句】
Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being
cheated.
2005 TEXT1
只有当每个动物都感到自己没有受骗，这种合作才可能保持稳定。
818 stagnation [stæɡ'neɪʃn]
n.停滞
【真题例句】
Both inside and outside the U.S., lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline
have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually
stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. 2012 TEXT4
无论在美国内外，长时间的经济停滞或倒退往往会使社会变得更加心胸狭隘，不
再包容，并且通常会阻碍甚至扭转自由与权力的发展。
819 statement ['steɪtmənt]
n.陈述、报表
【真题例句】
To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered in exaggerated
statements.、2002 TEXT1
为了获得理想的效果，幽默故事应该以夸张的陈述来传递。177
820 statistical [stə'tɪstɪkl]
adj.统计（学）的
【真题例句】
Super high scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now
based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply
dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. 2007
TEXT2
像莎万特这么高的分数不可能再有了，因为现在的计分方式是基于所有同龄人的
总体统计分布，而不是简单地用智龄除以年龄再乘以 100。
821 status ['steɪ
təs]
n.身份、地位、状况
【真题例句】
But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check
immigration status, it could. 2013 TEXT4
但是如果国会想要阻止各州用自己的资源对移民身份进行核查，它可以这么做。
822 steep [sti:p]
adj.陡峭的、（上升/下降）急剧的
【真题例句】
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline
travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. 2017 TEXT1
部分原因是政府没有预料到航空旅行的急剧增加，所以 TSA 目前正在匆忙招募新
的安检人员。
823 steer [stɪr]
v.驾驶、引导
【真题例句】
Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our
peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. 2012 TEXT1
然而，很难确定的是，专家和官员能在多大程度上挑选我们的同伴群体，并将其
行为引向道德方向。
824 stem [stem]
v.起源 n.茎、干
humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million
years ago, is, as yet,an unanswered question. 2005 TEXT1
825 stick [stɪk]
v.刺、粘住 n.棍子、棒子
【真题例句】
Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioral ads or whether they are
sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
2013 TEXT2
因为无法判断一个人是真的反对行为广告还是他保持了微软的默认，有些广告商
可能还是会忽略“禁止追踪”信号继续投放。
826 straight [stret]
adj/adv.笔直的/地、直接的/地
【真题例句】
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his
explanation was surprisingly straight up. 2011 TEXT2
当利亚姆•麦基于八月份离开美国银行行长一职时，他的解释是令人惊讶的直接。
827 strain [streɪn]
v.拉紧 n.张力、压力
【真题例句】
But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and
feeling the strain. 2008 TEXT1
但是大多数女性如今都要承担很多责任，并很少休息，同时感到有压力。
828 strategy ['strætədʒi]
n.战略、策略
【真题例句】
Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of
jobs in a particular database. 2004 TEXT1
最好的策略反倒是将这种搜索引擎当作一种提示性的服务来使用，提示用户及时
了解某个数据库最新的职位信息。179
829 stress [stres]
v.强调 n.压力、重点
【真题例句】
Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under
low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated
with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. 2007 TEXT2
研究发现，当在低压环境下的时候，智商测试结果可以预测领导能力，但是在高
压环境中，智商测试结果与领导力呈负相关—也就是说，它的预测结果是相反的。
830 strict [strɪkt]
adj.严格的、严谨的
【真题例句】
该公司是新英格兰地区的一家主要能源供应商。当它上星期宣布将违背“遵守严
格的核安全条例”这一长期许诺时，在佛蒙特州激起了愤怒，这种愤怒合乎情理。
831 striking ['straɪ
kɪŋ]
adj.惊人的、显著的、突出的
【真题例句】
Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are
alphabetically advantaged. 2004 TEXT2
更为显著的是，G7 发达国家的七位政府首脑中，有六位的姓名有字母顺序的优势。
832 strive [straɪv]
v.努力、争取
【真题例句】
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.
2015 TEXT1
最成功的君主们努力放弃或隐藏他们老式的贵族生活方式。
833 subject ['sʌbdʒɪkt]
v.（使）遭受 n.主题、被试（研究对象）
【真题例句】
“With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7
to 20,” Ericsson recalls. 2007 TEXT1180
艾利克森回忆：“第一个被试经过 20 小时训练后，他能记住的数字从 7 个上升到
20 个。”
834 submit [səb'mɪt]
v.提交、（使）服从
【真题例句】
A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of
their research to a journal. 2008 TEXT2
在实验室里合作的研究团队将会把研究的结果提交给期刊。
835 subscribe [səb'skraɪb]
v.签署、赞同、订阅
【真题例句】
It’s a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves
railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will
fail. 2003 TEXT3
这种理论得到了很多经济学家的赞同，但在实际操作中，它使得铁路公司处在这
一个地位上，可以决定哪些公司兴旺，哪些失败。
836 subsequent ['sʌbsɪkwənt]
adj.随后的、后来的
【真题例句】
Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our
experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. 2012 TEXT3
先前的知识和兴趣会影响我们的经历，我们对经历意义的认知，以及我们随后会
采取的行为。
837 subsidize ['sʌbsɪdaɪz]
v.资助、补贴
【真题例句】
On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for
the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too
little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. 2014
TEXT1
乍一听，这位关心社会的财政大臣，试图要让生活变得更美好，并要完成针对一
个明显过度放纵的体系的改革。这个体系对新近失业的人要求甚少，并且资助懒
惰。181
838 substantial [səb'stænʃl]
adj.大量的、实质的
【真题例句】
Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial
cost reductions and better coordinated service. 2003 TEXT3
新超级铁路系统的支持者认为，这些兼并将大幅降低铁路运输的成本，并能够提
供更好的协同服务。
839 substitute ['sʌbstɪtu:t]
v.替代 n.替代（品）
【真题例句】
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance
are missing the point. 2011 TEXT1
忠实的音乐会粉丝回应道，录制的唱片不能成为现场演出的替代品，但是他们忽
略了一个要点。
840 subtle ['sʌtl]
adj.不明显的、不易察觉的
【真题例句】
This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see
every day. 2012 TEXT1
这是一种不明显的同辈压力：我们无意识地模仿每天所看到的行为。
841 succeed [sək'si:d]
v.成功、继承
【真题例句】
These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use
their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. 2014 TEXT3
他们说，这些资助者已经在他们选择的领域里获得了成功，并且想要利用他们的
财富来吸引科学领域成功者的注意。
842 suffer [['sʌfɚr]
v.遭受、经受
【真题例句】
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while
most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. 2017 TEXT1182
TSA 不能继续把资源转移到使用不足的预检通道上，而让大多数的旅客遭受毫无
必要的排队等待。
843 suicide ['su:ɪsaɪd]
v.自杀 n.自杀（者）
【真题例句】
The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important
2002 TEXT4
最高法院关于医助自杀的裁决对医药如何试图减轻危重病人的疼痛和折磨具有重
要的意义。
844 suitable ['su:təbl]
adj.合适的、适当的、恰当的
【真题例句】
845 summit ['sʌmɪt]
n.顶点、顶峰
【真题例句】
When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example,
Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook--they attract massive attention precisely
because they remain the exception to the rule. 2013 TEXT4
当女性突破了公司权力的顶点，例如谢丽尔•桑德伯格最近在脸书内所做到的，她
们就会获得大量的关注，这正是因为她们仍然是现行规则的特例。
846 superb [su:'pɜ:rb]
adj.极好的
【真题例句】
There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of
the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. 2006 TEXT2
还有英国皇家莎士比亚剧团，它在埃文河畔的“莎士比亚纪念剧院”上演极好的
莎剧。183
847 superior [su:'pɪriər]
adj.比……好的、出众的
【真题例句】
In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior
intelligence, education, and moral character. 2010 TEXT4
例如，在一些州，只有那些被认定拥有出众的智力，教育，以及品德的人才能承
担陪审团的责任。
848 supervision [ˌsu:pər'vɪʒn]
n.监督、管理
【真题例句】
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate
with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves
-- goals that pose a real challenge. 2002 TEXT2
但是如果机器人要进入节省劳动力的下一个阶段应用，他们必须能够在更少的人
工监管下运行，并且至少能够独立地做一些决定。而这样的目标给我们提出了真
正的挑战。
849 supplement ['sʌplɪmənt]
v.补充 n.补充、增刊
【真题例句】
Peer pressure often emerges as a supplement to the social cure. 2012 TEXT1
同辈压力通常是作为社会治疗的补充而出现的。
850 suppose [sə'poʊz]
v.假设、猜想
【真题例句】
In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that
influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.
2010 TEXT3
然而，在最近的研究中，一些研究者提出了一项发现：意见领袖对于社会潮流的
影响要远比人们通常假设的那样小得多。
851 suppress [sə'pres]
v.镇压、压制、抑制
【真题例句】
Americans have a history of suppressing native intelligence. 2004 TEXT4184
美国人有压抑先天智力的历史。
852 surface ['sɝ:rfɪs]
v.（使）出现、浮出水面 n.表面
【真题例句】
“Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often
enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface
to take care of business, before dropping back down. 2016 TEXT3
“时刻随身带一本书”事实上也是有用的——这让你能够在书中沉浸足够长的时
间，于是阅读成为了默认状态，偶尔可以暂时性的从书里出来去处理其他的事情，
然后再次回到书中。
853 surgery ['sɝ:rdʒəri]
n.外科、手术
【真题例句】
And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there
are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with
sub millimeter accuracy. 2002 TEXT2
同时多亏电子和微机械学的持续微型化发展，已经出现了机器人系统可以精确到
亚毫米地去完成某些类型的脑部和骨骼手术。
854 survive [sɚr'vaɪv]
v.幸存、存留
【真题例句】
But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have
survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial
but respected public figure. 2015 TEXT1
但不同于海湾地区及亚洲地区的专制主义君主，大多数欧洲王室能够存留下来是
因为他们能让选民避免费力地寻找一个无可争议而又备受尊敬的公众人物。
855 suspect [sə'spekt]
v.怀疑、猜想 n.嫌疑犯
【真题例句】
Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,
regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” 2005 TEXT3
现在，研究人员猜想梦是大脑情感调节器的组成部分。该调节器在大脑处于“掉
线”状态时对情绪进行调整。185
856 suspend [sə'spend]
v.悬挂、暂停
【真题例句】
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.
2002 TEXT3
本周，原油价格随着伊拉克暂停原油出口被推上新高。
857 sustain [sə'steɪn]
v.保持、维持、支撑
【真题例句】
The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and
they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.
2016 TEXT4
那些最忠实的顾客仍然会去为他们喜欢的产品买单，并且会感觉到他们正在帮助
维持他们所坚信的事物的质量。
858 swamp [swɑ:mp]
v.淹没、（使）陷入困境 n.沼泽
【真题例句】
In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to
859 swing [swɪŋ]
v/n.摇摆、波动
【真题例句】
Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which
investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. 2004 TEXT3
很多消费者似乎受到了股票市场波动的影响，但这些震荡现在被投资者视为持续
繁荣的必要组成部分。
860 switch [swɪtʃ]
v.转移、转换 n.开关
861 symbolic [sɪm'bɒlɪk]
adj.象征的、符号的
【真题例句】
It is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of
modern democratic states. 2015 TEXT1
富裕的贵族家庭仍然是当代民主国家的象征核心是令人匪夷所思的。
862 sympathy ['sɪmpəθi]
n.同情
【真题例句】
Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are
one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point
of view.
2002 TEXT1
你的幽默必须与受众相关并且能够帮助表明你是他们中的一员，或你理解他们的
处境并赞同他们的观点。
863 temper ['tempɚr]
v.调和、控制 n.脾气、性情
【真题例句】
From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers
temper their spending. 2004 TEXT3
从汽车经销商到盖普服饰外贸店，由于顾客控制自身的支出，销售额几个月以来
持续滞后。
864 temporary ['tempəreri]
adj.暂时的、临时的
【真题例句】
Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the
temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. 2010 TEXT4
如今他们争辩道市场价格夸大了损失，因为市场价格很大程度上反映的是暂时的 187
流动性不足，并不是坏账可能达到的程度。
865 tempt [tempt]
v.引诱、诱使、吸引
【真题例句】
The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile
into law schools. 2014 TEXT2
最优秀的律师赚得盆满钵盈，诱使越来越多的学生涌向法学院。
866 tendency ['tendənsi]
n.趋势、倾向
【真题例句】
She rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative
emotions after moral transgressions. 2019 TEXT1
她评价了每个学生整体的同情级别和犯错后产生负面情绪的倾向性（愧疚级别）。
867 terminal ['tɜ:rmɪnl]
adj.终点的、（疾病）晚期的 n.终点、终端（机）
【真题例句】
交易。
868 terrify ['terɪfaɪ
]
v.恐吓、使害怕
【真题例句】
失业在经济上是可怕的，在心理上是尴尬的，同时你知道救济极低且极难获得。
869 testify ['testɪfaɪ
]
v.证实、作证
【真题例句】
Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,
whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 2007 TEXT2
任何经历过 SAT 考试的人都会证实应试技巧也很重要，即是否知晓何时猜测或何 188
种问题应该跳过。
870 thorny ['θɔ:rni]
adj.棘手的、麻烦的
【真题例句】
The coming use of autonomous vehicles，for example ，poses thorny ethical questions.
2019 TEXT3
例如，即将投入使用的自动驾驶汽车就带来了棘手的伦理问题。
871 threaten ['θretn]
v.威胁
【真题例句】
872 thrive [θraɪv]
v.繁荣、盛行
【真题例句】
or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. 2004
TEXT2
在过去一个世纪，所有种类的不公平和歧视都已被谴责或列为非法。但是有一种
潜在的形式仍然盛行：即字母表歧视。
873 tissue ['tɪʃu:]
n.（动植物的）组织
【真题例句】
供养料。
874 tolerate ['tɒləreɪt]
v.容忍、忍受
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for
increased safety. 2017 TEXT1
美国人愿意忍受费时的安检程序以换取更多的安全。
875 tough [tʌf]
adj.强硬的、严苛的
【真题例句】
Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also
take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who
can verify the process.” 2015 TEXT3
他在 2012 年写道，研究人员应该提高他们的标准，但是杂志也应该设置更严苛的
水准线，“聘请那些精通统计学的评审人员和可以证实统计过程的编辑。”
876 toxic ['tɒksɪk]
adj.有毒的、不良的
【真题例句】
America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to
levels which buyers find attractive. 2010 TEXT4
除非银行将不良资产价格调到对买家有吸引力的水平，否则美国全面收购不良资
产的新计划就不会起作用。
877 transaction [træn'zækʃn]
n.交易
【真题例句】
That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by
emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of
2010 TEXT2
878 transcendence [træn'sendəns]
n.超越
【真题例句】
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing
popularity as heads of state. 2015 TEXT1
正是这种对政治明显的超越，解释了君主作为国家元首持续的流行。190
879 transfer [træns'fɝ:r]
v/n.传递、转移
【真题例句】
Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of
redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments
through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. 2011 TEXT4
换句话说，这意味着政治家们将干预货币政策的制定，并通过欧洲共同债券或完
全财政转移向政府提供低息贷款来实现资金在较富足的国家和较贫穷的国家之间
的重新分配。
880 transform [træns'fɔ:rm]
v.改变、转变
【真题例句】
But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a
mature discovery. 2012 TEXT3
但是发现声明需要经过集体检查和认可才能转变为成熟的发现。
881 transition [træn'zɪʃn]
n.转型、过渡
【真题例句】
“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said.
2016 TEXT4
他说：“想办法加速转型对他们来说是明智之举。”
882 transparency [træns'pærənsi]
n.透明（度）
【真题例句】
883 transplant [træns'plænt]
v/n.移植
So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw—having extracted them from
the mouths of his slaves. 2008 TEXT4
所以他雇佣了一名牙医往他的口腔里移植了 9 颗牙齿——这些牙齿是从他的奴隶
们嘴里拔出来的。
884 transportation [ˌtrænspɔ:r'teɪʃn]
n.运输、交通工具
【真题例句】
885 tremendous [trə'mendəs]
adj.巨大的
【真题例句】
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have
a legacy business,”Peretti remarked. 2016 TEXT4
“这确实很艰难，同时 Buzzfeed 公司没有传统业务是极大的奢侈,” 佩雷蒂评论道。
886 triumph ['traɪʌmf]
v/n.成功，胜利
【真题例句】
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the
triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” 2003 TEXT2
18 世纪政治家埃德蒙.柏克曾说过，“误导人的事业要想取得成功，仅仅需要好人
无所作为”。
887 turbulent ['tɝ:rbjələnt]
adj.混乱的、湍急的
【真题例句】
But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices
hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 2006 TEXT1
但是，尤其是当和美国混乱的过去相比时，如今的社会生活指数很难说表现了黑
暗和恶化的社会环境。192
888 ultimate ['ʌltɪmət]
adj.最终的、根本的、极限的
【真题例句】
Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community
should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen
Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but
all who receive medical treatment. 2003 TEXT2
最后，因为最终的利益相关者是病人，所以医学研究界不光要积极的争取斯蒂芬•
库珀这样的名人（他大胆地陈述了动物研究的价值）进入这项事业，同时还要争
取所有接受医药治疗的人。
889 unanimous [ju'nænɪməs]
adj.全体同意的、一致通过的
【真题例句】
890 undermine ['ʌndɚr'maɪn]
v.破坏
【真题例句】
If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society— that all are equal
in treatment by government—is undermined. 2017 TEXT4
如果金钱可以买通人脉关系，那么民主社会的基本前提——人人享有政府平等对
待——就遭到了破坏。
891 uniform ['ju:nɪ
fɔ:rm]
adj.统一的、相同的 n.制服
【真题例句】
管理者一直以来都非常乐意调整队服以适应越来越多的更加高大的躯体。
892 unique [ju'ni:k]
adj.独特的、唯一的
We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.
2012 TEXT3
我们力求客观，但是我们无法逃脱自身独特生活经验的内容。
893 unite [ju'naɪt]
v.联合、团结、统一
【真题例句】
Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political
spectrum. 2016 TEXT2
要避免而不是促进这种情况应该将政治派系中的左派和右派联合起来。
894 universal [
ˌ
ju:n
ɪ'vɜ:rsl]
adj.普遍的、通用的
【真题例句】
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose
presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human
labor.
2002 TEXT2
结果是，当代世界装配了越来越多的智能设备。尽管我们很少注意，但是它们的
广泛存在已经消除了很多的人类劳动。
895 unsurpassed [ˌʌnsər'pæst]
adj.难以超越的、无与伦比的
【真题例句】
clarity.
2017 TEXT2
坐落于太平洋，莫纳亚克山的最高点在稠密的大气层之上，那里的条件使得望远
896 upset [ʌp'set]
v.打乱、使心烦（生气）
【真题例句】
But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for
the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal
government and the states. 2013 TEXT4194
但是在更重要的宪法问题上，奥巴马政府试图打乱联邦政府和各州之间的平衡，
但最终以 8 比 0 的比分落败。
897 urban ['ɝ:rbən]
adj.城市的
【真题例句】
Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural
coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. 2016 TEXT2
半个世纪的城乡规划使其能够保持令人羡慕的乡村协调性，同时还能保证低密度
的城市居住。
898 urge [ɝ:rdʒ]
v.推动、驱使 n.欲望、要求
【真题例句】
From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges
have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. 2004 TEXT4
霍夫施塔特说，从我们的历史开始之时起，民主化和平民化的渴望就驱使我们排
斥任何有精英主义气味的东西。
899 utility [ju:'tɪ
ləti]
n.功用、效用
【真题例句】
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate
with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves
-- goals that pose a real challenge. 2002 TEXT2
但是如果机器人要进入节省劳动力的下一个阶段应用，他们必须能够在更少的人
工监管下运行，并且至少能够独立地做一些决定。而这样的目标给我们提出了真
正的挑战。
900 vacuum ['vækju:m]
v.（用真空吸尘器）清扫、吸入 n.真空
【真题例句】
Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world
and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. 2003 TEXT1
上周，他的公司正忙于从世界偏远的角落收集信息，并预测乌克兰的一场危机。
901 vague [veɪ
ɡ]195
adj.模糊的、含糊的
【真题例句】
Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he
was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” 2011 TEXT2
他并没有用通常模糊的理由来掩饰他的离开，而是站出来坦诚地说他离开是“为
了追求亲自经营一家公司的目标”。
902 vain [veɪn]
adj.自负的
【真题例句】
Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy. 2003 TEXT4
美国人在长寿预期上的骄傲是自负的。
903 valid ['vælɪd]
adj.有效的、正当的
【真题例句】
Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if
every state sets its own rules. 2012 TEXT2
当然，对于这些“补丁法则”的担忧是正当的。因为这些法则可能会导致每个州
都设立自己的规则。
904 vanish ['vænɪʃ]
v.消失
【真题例句】
怒。
905 vanity ['vænəti]
n.虚荣
【真题例句】
Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t
afford not to. 2013 TEXT1
虚荣是不变的事物；人们只有在无法支付得起的时候才会开始可持续地购物。196
906 various ['verɪəs]
adj.各种各样的
【真题例句】
That compulsion has resulted in robotics -- the science of conferring various human
capabilities on machines. 2002 TEXT2
这种冲动导致了机器人学——也就是赋予机器人各种各样人类能力的科学。
907 verbal ['vɝ:rbl]
adj.口头的、语言的、文字的
【真题例句】
been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.
2007 TEXT2
908 verdict ['vɝ:rdɪkt]
n.结论、判决
【真题例句】
Verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the
law.
2010 TEXT4
判决应该代表社会良知而不仅仅是法律的条文。
909 verify ['verɪfaɪ
]
v.证实、核实
【真题例句】
However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal
status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. 2013 TEXT4
然而，大法官们说，将允许亚利桑那州警察在执法时核实相关人员的合法身份。
910 viable ['vaɪəbl]
adj.可行的
【真题例句】
“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s
essential to making new products commercially viable.” 2010 TEXT3197
创造积极的习惯是改善消费者生活的重要组成部分，也是使新产品在商业上可行
的关键。
911 vibrant ['vaɪbrənt]
adj.充满活力的
【真题例句】
Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of
turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.”
2011 TEXT1
古典音乐评论家艾利克斯•罗斯形容他为一个有能力把爱乐乐团转变成“显著不同
的、更充满活力的乐团”的人。
912 victory ['vɪktəri]
n.胜利
【真题例句】
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration
law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. 2013 TEXT4
最高法院在周一以 5：3 的投票结果裁定亚利桑那州移民法的多项条款无效——这
对于奥巴马政府来说是一场较小的政治胜利。
913 vigorously ['vɪ
gərəsli]
adv.精力充沛地、强烈地
【真题例句】
Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where
charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. 2012 TEXT4
改革一直遭到强烈反对，最让人惊讶的可能是在教育业，其中的特许学校、学会
和绩效工资都面临着持久的斗争。
914 violate ['vaɪəleɪt]
v.违反、侵犯
【真题例句】
The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go
through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. 2015 TEXT2
最高法院已经裁定，警方无证搜查被捕人的钱包或皮夹并不违反宪法第四修正案。
915 virtually ['vɜ:rtʃuəli]198
adv.几乎、事实上
【真题例句】
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. 2010 TEXT1
遗憾的是，这些评论家几乎被完全遗忘了。
916 visible ['vɪ
zəbl]
adj.看得见的、明显的
【真题例句】
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and
more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate
consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging
ways.2011TEXT3
这些重大的技术变革给市场营销者带来了更多的（以及更多样化的）传播选择。
同时，这些技术变革也增加了风险，那就是激动的消费者会以更快、更明显和更
具破坏力的方式发表他们的观点。
917 vision ['vɪʒn]
n.视力、憧憬
【真题例句】
Our vision of the future used to be inspired by our faith in science and technology.
2013 TEXT3
我们对未来的憧憬曾经是被我们对科学技术的信念激发的。
918 visualize ['vɪʒuəlaɪz]
v.想像、（使）形象化
【真题例句】
It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical
patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and
philosophers.
2007 TEXT2
想象物体和推理数列的能力如何适用于回答那些曾经难倒最优秀的诗人和哲学家
的问题，这一点尚不明确。
919 vital ['vaɪtl]
adj.至关重要的、生死攸关的
【真题例句】
Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. 2013 TEXT1199
定价对于环境友好型购物是至关重要的。
920 vivid ['vɪ
vɪd]
adj.生动的、逼真的
【真题例句】
The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep — when most vivid
dreams occur — as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of
Pittsburgh.
2005 TEXT3
匹兹堡大学的埃里克博士说，大脑在快速动眼期（REM）——很多生动的梦发生
的时间段——和完全清醒时一样活跃。
921 vocation [voʊ'keɪʃn]
n.职业
【真题例句】
These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying
books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well. 2003 TEXT1
今日，互联网已经重塑了像购书和发邮件这样的日常消遣活动，同样也正在重塑
着多诺万的职业。
922 withdraw [wɪð'drɔ:]
v.撤销、收回
【真题例句】
Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application. 2012 TEXT2
Entergy 公司将会撤销它在普利茅斯的申请。
923 withstand [wɪð'stænd]
v.承受
【真题例句】
Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and
back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated
strain imposed by oversize limbs. 2008 TEXT3
此外，尽管人类已经直立行走了数百万年，但我们的双足和后背仍然很难适应双
足行走的姿势，并很难承受过大肢体强加的持续压力。
924 worship ['wɝ:rʃɪp]
v/n.敬奉、崇拜 200
【真题例句】
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by
some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. 2017
TEXT2
争论的焦点是 TMT 规划选址位于莫纳克亚山。这是一座休眠的火山，被许多夏威
夷人尊奉为连接夏威夷群岛与众天神的脐带。
925 yield [ji:ld]
v.生产、产生 n.产量、收益
【真题例句】
That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be
cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its
levels.
2006 TEXT3
这一点很重要，因为有关理论认为，一个渔场能够提供的最大可持续产出，就是
该渔场中目标物种生物总量约等于原始水平的一半。
926 zone [zoʊn]
n.地区
【真题例句】
In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the
more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
2009 TEXT1
事实上，我们尝试的新事物越多——走出自身的舒适区越多——我们就变得越具
有内在的创造力，无论是在职场还是在我们的个人生活中。

926核心词汇

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

926核心词汇

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

926 核心词汇

You might also like