A 4A’s DETAILED LESSON PLAN FOR MATHEMATICS 8

Content Standards The learners demonstrate an understanding of the basic concepts of trigonometry.

Performance The learners is able to apply the concepts of trigonometric ratios to formulate and
Standards solve real-life problems with precision and accuracy.

Learning The learners find the Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles

Competency

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
 Find the trigonometric ratios of special angles.
 Solve right triangle given some of its parts.
 Appreciate trigonometric ratios of special angles in solving real-life problems.
I. SUBJECT MATTER
Topic : Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angels
References : Mathematics Learner’s Material 9, Wow Math
Materials : laptop, blackboard, chalk,
Valuing : Inculcate the value of Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles in solving
real-life problems.
Integration : Values Education

II. PROCEDURE
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES LEARNER’S ACTIVITIES
A. Preliminary Activities
 Opening Prayer
“Before we start our class may I request
everyone to stand up and start our day with a
prayer.”

(Insert prayer)

“Yes Lord, Father God, Thank you for today. Thank
you for ways in which you provide for us all. For
Your protection and love we thank you. Help us to
focus our hearts and minds now on what we are about
to learn. Inspire us by Your Holy Spirit as we listen
and write. Guide us by your eternal light as we
discover more about the world around us. We ask all
this in the mighty name of Jesus. Amen.”
“Yes Lord, Father God, Thank you for today.
Thank you for ways in which you provide for
us all. For Your protection and love we thank
you. Help us to focus our hearts and minds
now on what we are about to learn. Inspire us
by Your Holy Spirit as we listen and write.
Guide us by your eternal light as we discover
more about the world around us. We ask all
this in the mighty name of Jesus. Amen.”
  Greetings
Good morning/afternoon class
“Good morning/afternoon, Sir”

“How does everyone feel today?” “We are okay po Sir”

“So tired”

“I understand that some of you are already want to

go home and sleep but still carry on with us until
Okay ma’am/Sir
the end, okay?”
 Classroom Management
Before you take your seat, please arrange your
chair and pick up the trash under your chair (Students arrange the chairs and
pick up the trash.)
Let me remind you our classroom rules.

1. Raise your hand if you want to answer and

if you have any questions.
2. No using of cellphones.
3. Respect each other.

What are you going to do with these rules?

Obey and follow Sir.
Correct, you must obey and follow.
Yes Sir.
 Checking of attendance
“Who is your secretary? Can you please
come forward and tell to me who is the
absent today?

 Review
Before we start our topic as of this date,
Anyone who can remember the topic last
meeting? “Our past lesson sir is about Trigonometric
ratio.”
What are the trigonometric ratio?

“The six trigonometric Ratios are Sine,

Cosine, Tangent, Cosecant, Secant, and Con-
“Very Good!” tangent.”

B. Motivation
Before we proceed to our lesson, I have here a word
puzzle in manila paper find the following words. (learner’s answer)
• Adjacent 1. Adjacent
• Angle 2. Angle
• Cos 3. Cos
 • Cosine 4. Cosine
• Hypotenuse 5. Hypotenuse
• Length 6. Length
• Ratio 7. Ratio
• Sin 8. Sin
• Sine 9. Sine
• Tan 10. Tan
• Tangent 11. Tangent
• Theta 12. Theta
• Triangle 13. Triangle
• Opposite 14. Opposite

C. Analysis/Discussion:
Let’s proceed to our topic “Trigonometric Ratios of
Special Angles”

Who have an idea what is Trigonometry?

“Sir trigonometry is the
branch of mathematics dealing
with the relations of the side and
angles of triangles and with the
relevant functions of any angles.”

”Very Good!”

Trigonometric ratios of special angles are defined as

the ratio of the sides of a right-angle triangle with
respect to any of its acute angles.

Who wants to read?. “In trigonometry, 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°
are called as special angles and they always
lie in the first quadrant.

These special angles 0°, 30°, 45° and 60° are

frequently seen in applications and we can
use geometry to determine the trigonometric
ratios of these angles.”
Trigonometric Ratios of 30° and 60°

Let ABC be an equilateral triangle whose sides have

length a (see the figure given below). Draw AD
perpendicular to BC, then D bisects the side BC.

Then,

BD  =  DC  =  a/2

∠BAD  =  ∠DAC  =  30°

Now, in right triangle ADB, ∠BAD  =  30° and BD  =

a/2.

In right triangle ADB, by Pythagorean theorem,

Who wants to try?

AB2  =  AD2 + BD2

a2  =  AD2 + (a/2)2

a2 - (a2/4)  =  AD2

3a²/4  =  AD2

√(3a2/4)  =  AD

√3 ⋅ a/2  = m AD
"Very Good!”

Hence, we can find the trigonometric ratios of angle

30° from the right triangle ADB.

In right triangle ADB, ∠ABD  =  60°.

So, we can determine the trigonometric ratios of

angle 60°.

Trigonometric Ratio of 45°

If an acute angle of a right triangle is 45°, then the

other acute angle is also 45°.

Thus the triangle is isosceles. Let us consider the

triangle ABC with

∠B  =  90°

∠A  =  ∠C  =  45°
Then AB  =  BC.

Let AB  =  BC  =  a.

By Pythagorean theorem,

AC2  =  AB2 + BC2

Who wants to try solving?

AC2  =  a2 + a2

AC2  =  2a2

AC  =  a√2
Take square root on each side.

“Thankyou Very Good!”

Hence, we can find the trigonometric ratios of angle

45° from the right triangle ABC.

Trigonometric Ratios of 0° and 90°

Consider the figure given below which shows a circle

of radius 1 unit centered at the origin.

Let P be a point on the circle in the first quadrant with

coordinates (x, y).

We drop a perpendicular PQ from P to the x-axis in

order to form the right triangle OPQ.

Let ∠POQ  =  θ, then

sin θ  =  PQ / OP  =  y/1  =  y  (y coordinate of P)

cos θ  =  OQ / OP  =  x/1  =  x  (x coordinate of P)

tan θ  =  PQ / OQ  =  y/x

If OP coincides with OA, then angle θ  =  0°.

Since, the coordinates of A are (1, 0), we have

If OP coincides with OB, then angle θ = 90°.

Since, the coordinates of B are (0, 1), we have

The six trigonometric ratios of angles 0°, 30°, 45°,
60° and 90° are provided in the following table.

D. Abstraction/Generalization:
A while ago we discuss about Trigonometric Ratio
of Special Angle
As a recap, how do we define

Trigonometry? “Sir trigonometry is the branch of

mathematics dealing with the relations of the
side and angles of triangles and with the
relevant functions of any angles.”
“Very Good!”

Again, What are special angles?

0° , 30° , 45° , 60° , and 90° sir.

“Very Good!”

E. Valuing

1. Why do we need to study Trigonometric

Ratio of Special Angles?
2. How can we use Trigonometric Ratio of
Special Angles in our daily lives?
“help us to study the relationship between the
sides and angles of a right-angled triangle.”
“to roof a house, to make the roof inclined
( in the case of single individual bungalows)
and the height of the roof in buildings.”

Application (5 minutes)
 The teacher will divide the class into 2
groups each group will have different questions, they
will answer the problem in 5 minutes and present
their work in 2 minutes.

Special Triangles & Exact Values

Form two groups to do the activity below. Share your

output in class.

Group 1: Solution
1. In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is 12 Given the ratio of the sides = x: x√3:2x.
cm, and the smaller angle is 30 degrees.
Find the length of the long and short leg. 2x = 12 cm

x = 6cm

Substitute x = 6 cm for the long and short leg

to
get

Short leg = 6cm.

long leg = 6√3 cm

Solution
2. Find the hypotenuse of a 30°- 60°-90° Ratio = x: x√3:2x.
triangle whose longer side is 6 inches.
X√3 = 6 inches.

Square both sides

(x√3)² = 36

3x² = 36

x2 = 12

X = 2√3 inches.
Group 2:

3. In a right triangle, the hypotenuse is 12

cm, and the smaller angle is 30 degrees. Solution
Find the length of the long and short leg.
Given the ratio of the sides = x: x√3:2x.

2x = 12 cm
 x = 6cm

Substitute x = 6 cm for the long and short leg

to
get

Short leg = 6cm.

long leg = 6√3 cm

4. Find the hypotenuse of a 30°- 60°-90°

triangle whose longer side is 6 inches. Solution

Ratio = x: x√3:2x.

X√3 = 6 inches.

Square both sides

(x√3)² = 36

3x² = 36

x2 = 12

X = 2√3 inches.

III. EVALUATION

Okay If there’s no question, we prepare some

question that help you to enhance your
understanding of what we discuss earlier.
Prepare 1 whole sheet of paper.

1. If 𝑓(𝛳) = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒, then 𝑓(𝛳) is 1. A
_ a. cosecant b. cotangent c. tangent d. 2. D
secant 3. B
4. D
2. If 𝑓(𝛳) = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 5. B
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒, then 𝑓(𝛳) is
a. cosecant b. cotangent c. tangent d.
secant

3. 10. If 𝑓(𝛳) = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 , then
𝑓(𝛳) is a. cosecant b. cotangent c.
tangent d. secant

4. With respect to the given angle, what

trigonometric function is the ratio of the
 hypotenuse to the opposite side?
a. sine b. cosine c. tangent d. cosecant

5. If 𝑓(𝛳) = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 then 𝑓(𝛳) is _
a. sine b. cosine c. tangent d. secant

IV. ASSIGNMENT
y
1.What is the value of sin X?
a. 15 17 b. 17 15 c. 8 15 d. 17 8

2. What is the value of cos X?

17 15
a. 15 17 b. 17 15 c. 8 17 d. 17 8
3. What is the value of tan X?
a. 15 17 b. 15 8 c. 8 17 d. 17 8 x z
8
4. What is the value of csc X?
a. 15 17 b. 15 8 c. 8 17 d. 17 15

5. What is the value of sec X?

a. 15 17 b. 15 8 c. 8 17 d. 17 8

Answer:
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. D

Closing Prayer
“Dear Lord, thank you for blessing this hour.
Thank you for teaching us to love one another
and to love You above all things. Thank you for
taking care of us and please guide us on our way
as we go home. AMEN.”
“Dear Lord, thank you for blessing this hour.
Thank you for teaching us to love one another
and to love You above all things. Thank you for
taking care of us and please guide us on our way
as we go home. AMEN.”

Good bye Greetings

“Good Day Class take care everyone!” Good Day and Thank You Sir!