CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

According to Watt (2010), there is a need for professionals working with young
people to have a fully informed evidence base as to the possible benefits and drawbacks of
modern technology. A growing concern for parents, educators, and others involved with the
welfare of adolescents is related to young people’s ability to use these tools safely and
effectively. The findings of this study indicate that modern technology has both positive and
negative effects in the area of education. According to the study findings, teenagers
frequently use the computer Internet for their schoolwork; they use them to complete school
assignments. Students can learn from computers to become independent learners.

According to Dehmler (2009), children today are growing up in an interconnected,

networked world. The youth have unprecedented access to modern technologies and use
them in expected and unexpected ways. Teens all over the world are growing up in a world in
which the Internet, cell phones, text messaging, television and video games, and other
technologies dominate their communication and are an integral part of everyday life.

According to R. Raja*, and P. C. Nagasubramani (2018), in their study entitled

“Impact of Modern Technology On Education”, if we talk about digital and education, then
the penetration of digital media within the education sector has now grown. This penetration
has resulted in round-the-clock connectivity with students and different forums that are
available for different kinds of assignments or help. As the power of digital increases, there
are and there will be more applications that will assist students in development and learning.

According to Carlos M. Flores III (2015) in their study entitled “Effect of Modern
Technology on Academic Performance in Grade Schools”, modern technology has a big
impact on the academic performance of grade students in Isabela National High School. This
study aimed to understand the impact of modern technology on the academic performance of
grade students in Isabela National High School. Through the use of research methods, this
study was able to discover that modern technology has a significant impact on the academic
performance of grade students in Isabela National High School. The study found that using
technology can help the students understand the lessons well and also increase their
efficiency and productivity. This study’s implication is that using modern technologies can
help improve the academic performance of grade students in Isabela National High School.
 According to Chuchan A. Monserate (2018) in their study entitled “ Impact of
Technology on the Academic Performance of Students and Teaching Effectiveness”, the
factors affecting technology self-efficacy, utilization, teaching competence, and students’
academic achievement were emphasized. Survey questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions,
and Key Informant Interviews were used. Respondents included 97 Teachers and 436
students that comprise the 19 public and private secondary schools in District VI, Division of
Negros Occidental. Stratified Random Sampling techniques were utilized in the selection of
the respondents by schools. Statistical tools include frequency counts, percentage, mean,
Mann-Whitney, O-test, Kruskall-Wallis H Test, Multivariate Analysis of Variance
(MANOVA), and Multiple Linear Regression. The findings revealed the existence of a
significant relationship between students’ academic performance and their computer literacy
as well as students’ technology utilization and their family income. Data showed that
students’ academic performance is highly influenced by the teacher’s effective teaching and
by the teacher’s computer literacy nor by their competence in technology. Grade 7 students of
private and public schools utilize technology the least while fourth-year students utilize
technology the most. No significant difference was found in self-efficacy among year levels.

An article at Science Direct says that “Mobile devices and collaborative learning
environments are common tools in education but not all collaborative learning is structured
the same. This study evaluated student learning in three different collaborative learning
environments, both with and without mobile technology, to assess students' engagement,
critical thinking, and attitudes toward collaborative learning. The results indicate that mobile
technology is associated with positive student perceptions of collaborative learning but with
increased disengagement by students during class. In addition, the level of students' critical
thinking was more closely associated with the tools used to construct written responses than
with the collaborative learning environment style. Students constructing paragraph responses
on a mobile device demonstrated significantly less critical thinking than those who used a
computer keyboard or wrote responses by hand.”

This section includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization, or conclusion that is
related to the researcher’s topic. Those that were included in this chapter help in familiarizing
information that is relevant and similar to the present study. According to Ms Myra Joy P.
Belasio (2005). "The effects of technology on students' study habits are its intelligence and
they cannot help their parents do the household chores because of being focused on the
technology, especially the internet, computers, and mobiles".
 Researchers have also looked for ways that technology use has a negative impact on
students' academic performance. Technology is a tool that should improve student learning
and achievement, but it hasn't always been successful in the classroom. Computer-assisted
instruction (CAI) is a well-researched and endorsed teaching strategy. Review studies
indicating modest but beneficial effects on student success have been widely disseminated.
Bowers, Cannon-Bowers, Greenwood-Ericksen, Vogel (2006, 105).

These studies help us to identify the gaps and indices between the current study and
the previous studies. Here are some of the gaps between the previous and current study: (1)
modern technology has both positive and negative effects in the area of education (2) Time
spent on modern technology every day by learners (3) population characteristics like
population sample (Grade 12- Plato HUMSS learners), population size (randomly selected
respondents), and population type.

SYNTHESIS
These previous studies contribute to the enhancement and enrichment of scientific
research and provide the researchers with solid ground and substantial information about the
research that is being done. The studies and literature provide the foundation of knowledge
on this topic. It identifies areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication and give credit to
other researchers to identify inconstancies, gaps in research, conflicts in previous studies, and
the open question left from our research. It provides knowledge and insights about some
defaults related to our study.

This study is different from others by its sample size, study settings or research locale,
methodological approaches, and population characteristics. Also, this research is quantitative
in nature and is a descriptive type of study. The cited studies are different from the current
investigation when it comes to their population sample, population size, population type,
study setting or research locale, methodological approaches, and the way of gathering data.
While both studies are similar when it comes to their topics or variables like modern
technologies and the academic performance of learners. Also, they are somewhat similar in
research nature and research type which are quantitative research and descriptive type of
study.