Course Outline about Sounds

What is Sound?
 Sound is a form of energy.
 It comes from a vibrating source.
 Sound can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
 Sound is produced when matter vibrates
Longitudinal Wave
- Longitudinal waves are waves in which the vibration of the medium is parallel ("along") to the
direction the wave travels and displacement of the medium is in the same (or opposite) direction of
the wave propagation
Wavelength
- The distance between the centers of two consecutive regions of compression or the rarefaction is
defined by wavelength
Compression and Rarefaction
- Compression in a longitudinal wave is a region where the particles are the closest together while
rarefaction in a longitudinal wave is a region where the particles are spread out.
Transverse Wave
- A transverse wave is a moving wave whose oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the
wave. 
Movement of Sound in States of Matter
*Sound travel fast in gas, faster in liquid and fastest in solid

Properties of Sound

Reflection- Is usually described as the turning back of a wave as it hits the barrier. Echo is an example of
reflected sound
Reverberation
• Prolongation of reflected sounds
• Multiple echoes in a certain place
Refraction
- Bending of sound
- Change of speed of sound encountering a medium

*The Hotter the medium the faster the sound travels

Sound travels 331m/s in dry air @ 0 degree Celsius. 0.6m/s over temperature is a constant factor of
temperature

Ships and bats used echo in locating objects. Echolocation is the transmission of sound waves to
locate objects. Most species of bats rely on echolocation to help them find their food.