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    NURUL ZAKIRAH BINTI BORHANUDIN
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    1. The staggered conformation of ethane is more stable than the eclipsed conformation due to less steric hindrance and increased stabilization from hyperconjugation. 2. Potential energy diagrams show that the staggered conformation of ethane, propane, and butane require less energy than the eclipsed conformation. 3. In cycloalkanes like methylcyclohexane, the equatorial conformation is more stable than the axial conformation due to less torsional strain. Substituents in the equatorial position are farther apart and avoid unfavorable interactions.

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    1. The staggered conformation of ethane is more stable than the eclipsed conformation due to less steric hindrance and increased stabilization from hyperconjugation. 2. Potential energy diagrams show that the staggered conformation of ethane, propane, and butane require less energy than the eclipsed conformation. 3. In cycloalkanes like methylcyclohexane, the equatorial conformation is more stable than the axial conformation due to less torsional strain. Substituents in the equatorial position are farther apart and avoid unfavorable interactions.

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    9 views5 pages

    Copy of MANUAL AMALI SKO3023 SEM A222

    Uploaded by

    NURUL ZAKIRAH BINTI BORHANUDIN
    1. The staggered conformation of ethane is more stable than the eclipsed conformation due to less steric hindrance and increased stabilization from hyperconjugation. 2. Potential energy diagrams show that the staggered conformation of ethane, propane, and butane require less energy than the eclipsed conformation. 3. In cycloalkanes like methylcyclohexane, the equatorial conformation is more stable than the axial conformation due to less torsional strain. Substituents in the equatorial position are farther apart and avoid unfavorable interactions.

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    of 5

    1.

    6 WORKSHEET

    A. Conformation
    1) Staggered Explain
    conformation stable than
    -
    Newman worse
    H -> staggered is more
    H H H
    due to H
    Eclipsed conformation. This is
    H
    the steric hindrance and stabilization

    staggered
    of conformation by ↑

    H
    H H hyper conjugation
    H
    H H
    cethane)
    Eclipsed Explain
    -> Eclipsed conformation is less stable errman Scorse
    I H
    hydrogen atoms
    due to the position of
    A HH H

    around carbon thatforces them

    closer with each other


    to become

    This increase of
    amount steric
    the
    H H
    H H molecule H H
    strain in the

    Cethanel
    2) Ethane (C1-C2 bond) Potential energy diagram
    ->
    staggered
    H ECK] /mol kcal/mol

    to
    2.9
    H

    expec

    H
    H
    Propane (C1-C2 bond) Potential energy diagram
    H
    H ECK] /mol

    ·
    H
    H

    H CH3
    Butane (C2-C3 bond) Potential energy diagram

    "
    E(K7/molL k(al/mol
    H ------------------

    "
    21
    5

    I
    H H
    into
    iso who soo

    CH3
    3)

    It H

    It
    H
    4) 1-methylcyclohexane (through C5-C4) Explain
    is more
    (through C1-C2) -> equatorial conformation
    stable because ithas less

    torsional strain. When methyl


    is in equatorial position,
    it
    the distance between
    is
    with Hydrogen atoms
    much bigger
    1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (through C5-C4) Explain
    (through C1-C2)
    9aee? n ntenhet" raen
    -> not

    to
    are axial position, it tends
    in
    more unfavorable interaction
    have
    the
    between the axial atoms
    on
    in
    same side. Ifthe substituentare
    are farther
    equatorial position, they
    away from each other and thus helps
    in
    increasing the conformation stability

    1,3-dimethylcyclohexane (through C3-C4) Explain


    (through C1-C6) Ce, e) conformation more stable
    ->

    is
    it has less torsional strain.
    because

    When
    methyl are in equatorial
    are farther away
    Position, they helps
    atoms. This
    with hydrogen
    with hydrogen
    avoid interaction
    the
    thus
    and
    increase
    atom
    of
    stability conformation
    1,4-dimethylcyclohexane (through C5-C4) Explain
    Ce, e) conformation
    ->
    is more stable
    (through C1-C2)
    than Ca, a conformation because

    it has less torsional strain. When

    methyl are in the equatorial


    farther away
    position, they are
    hydrogen atoms. This help
    with
    avoid interaction with
    increases
    hydrogen atom and thus
    the stability conformation
    of
    B. Optical Isomerism
    1) a) b)
    F 200H
    ⑪

    ①
    B ~
    ②
    Cl
    ⑧ H NH 2

    H
    ~ Br ④
    Absolute configuration : S Absolute configuration : R
    2) H a)Mirror image H -> The object and its mirror

    image were a pair of

    Br H H Br
    enantiomers

    CH3 CH3

    OCHS b)Mirror image


    OCH3 ->
    The object and its mirror

    image were a pair of

    H OH HO H
    enantiomers. This compound
    is optically active
    el Cl
    DATE LECTURER’S SIGNATURE/STAMP

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