Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

Science 10
Quarter 4 – Module 3
Week 5 and 6:
Principles of conservation of mass
to chemical reactions

MELC: Apply the principles of conservation of mass to

chemical reactions. (S10MT-IVe-g-23)

Prepared by:

Rhealynne M. Serna
Vintar National High School

1
Science- Grade 10
Share-A-Resource-Program
Quarter 4 – Module 2: Principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Rhealynne M. Serna

Editors: Jovy O. Joaquin Sheryl A. Valiente
Manuel M. Pichay
Reviewers: Jerry G. Tabrilla Ursino C. Pascua
Illustrators:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Joann A. Corpuz EdD, CESO V
Joye D. Madalipay EdD
Santiago L. Baoec EdD
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Jerry g. Tabrilla EdD
Ursino C. Pascua

Division Design & Layout Artist: Jerry M. Burgos

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Schools Division of Ilocos Norte

Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
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2
 10
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 2:
Principles of conservation of mass
to chemical reactions
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson with ease.
This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will
show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask your
facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the
end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer
keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will be honest in using
them.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help
you in your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Likewise,
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

● Lesson 1 – Principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define principles of conservation of mass and chemical reactions
2. enumerate the types of reactions
3. apply the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.

What I Know
Directions: Multiple Choice: Choose and write the correct letter from the choices
given in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements BEST defines the law of conservation of mass?
A. When added to a system, energy can destroy mass.
B. Mass cannot be created but it can be destroyed under extreme pressures.
C. Mass cannot be conserved during a chemical reaction; a little bit of mass is always lost.
D. The mass of a closed system cannot change over time; mass cannot be created nor
destroyed.

2. In a chemical reaction, 300 grams of reactant A are combined with 100 grams of reactant B.
Both A and B react to completion. How much will the product weigh?
A. 200 grams
B. 400 grams
C. 300 grams
D. 500 grams

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3. In a reaction, 25 grams of reactant AB breaks down into 10 grams of product A and an unknown
amount of product B. Using the law of conservation of mass, how much does product B weigh?
A. 15 g
B. 25 g
C. 10 g
D. 35 g

4. What are the resulting products after you burn wood?

A. Carbon (char)
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Dioxide

5. Who was the first to realize the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A. Amedeo Avogadro
B. Michael Faraday
C. Antoine Lavoisier
D. Joseph Priestley

Principles of
Lesson
1
conservation of mass to
chemical reactions
Antoine-Laurant de Lavoisier was an 18th century French scientist and
nobleman who is considered the father of modern chemistry. He recognized and named
oxygen and hydrogen, was one of the scientists who developed the metric system and
through his experiments confirmed that although matter may change its form, the total
mass remains constant.

The idea that the total mass of matter remains constant is known as The Law of
Conservation of Mass. It can also be stated as: Mass in never created or destroyed.

In the lab, mass is measured in grams or kilograms. Mass is measured using

either a scale or balance.

According to the Law of Conservation of Mass, the mass of the reactants should
equal the mass of the products. Reactant 1 + Reactant 2 Product

Many chemical reactions give off a gas. Because of this, the mass of the remaining
solid and liquid products is less than the original mass of the reactants. Before Lavoisier,
many scientists thought this was proof that mass was destroyed.

What is a substance? A substance is an element or a compound The substances

that originally react, that is to say that they gain, lose or share electrons, are known as

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the reactants. The new substances that are produced are known as the products.
Reactants products

What’s In
Direction. Examine the data of the following combustion experiments and answer based on
analysis of the data in a separate sheet of paper.
REACTANTS PRODUCTS

Magnesium + Oxygen --------------------------------> Magnesium Oxide

48.6 g + 32.0 g -----------------------------------------> 80.6 g

1. What is the mass of each reactant?

2. What is the mass of the product?
3. What is the total mass of reactant?
4. Does this experimental data support the Law of Conservation of Mass? Explain.

Note the Teachers

The teacher must consider the prerequisite skills needed in
the development of this competency including the schema or
background knowledge which may reinforce learning. This module
will help the learners bridge the gap of learning to attain mastery
of the lesson in its spiral progression.

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 What is New
How well can you predict chemical changes? The products of simple chemical changes can
be predicted easily since they occur according to certain patterns. We classify chemical changes
according to these patterns.

1. Combination Reaction (synthesis)

- Several reactants form a single product. Typical examples are the combinations of metals
with nonmetals to form salts, as when copper combines with oxygen on application of heat. The
balanced equation for this reaction is

2 Cu + O2 -----> 2 CuO

Copper Oxygen Copper (II) oxide

2. Decomposition Reaction

- A single reactant breaks down into several products. Many substances are unstable to
heat. A common example is sugar (sucrose), which decomposes on application of heat. The
balanced equation for this reaction is shown below:

C12H22O11 -----> 12C + 11H2O

Sucrose Carbon Water

3. Single Replacement Reaction

-An active substance replaces another element from its compound. Many metals dissolve
when treated with acids. A typical example is the reaction zinc metal with hydrochloric acid whose
balanced equation is

Zn + 2HCl -----> ZnCl2 + H2

Zinc Hydrochloric acid Zinc chloride Hydrogen

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4. Double Replacement Reaction

- Two substances exchange atoms or groups of atoms (radicals). The reaction between an
acid and a base is a common example. The products are salt and water.

HCl + NaOH ---------> NaCl + H2O

Hydrochloric acid Sodium hydroxide(base) Sodium chloride(salt) Water

Activity 1. IDENTIFY ME!

Direction: For each of the following equations, identify what kind of reaction it represents; double
replacement, single replacement, decomposition or synthesis. Write your answer in a separate
sheet of paper.

1. 2 Mg + O2 🡪 2 MgO
2. Cal2 + Cl2 🡪 CaCl2 + I2
3. 3 KOH + AlCl3 🡪 Al (OH)3 – 3KCl
4. C + O2 🡪 CO2
5. Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl 🡪 CaCl2 – 2H2O
6. 2KClO3 🡪 2KCl + 3 O2
7. 3CaSO4 + 2Al 🡪 Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ca
8. Na2S + AgNO3🡪 2NaNO3 + Ag2S
9. 3H2 + N2 🡪 2NH3
10. 2Na + 2H2O 🡪 2NaOH + H2

What is It

What Does the Law State?

■ The law of conservation of matter states that matter (mass) can neither be
created nor destroyed. It can, however, can be rearranged. In a chemical
reaction, the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products.
■ Everything must be equal!
■ When matter goes through a physical or chemical change, the amount (or mass)
of the substances that you begin must equal the amount (or mass) of the
substances that you end with.
■ The mass of the reactant before and after the reaction must be balanced
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 ■ The atoms in the reactants are rearranged to form new compounds, but none of
the atoms disappear, and no new atoms are formed.
■ A chemical change is represented by a chemical reaction.

■ A chemical equation identifies the starting and ending chemicals as reactants

and products:

Reactants ------> products

■ A chemical equation is balanced when it reflects the conservation of mass.

Reactants Product

2H2 + O2 ----> 2H20

Reactant side Product side

4 H atoms 4 H atoms

2 O atoms 2 O atoms

What’s More

Activity 1.1 Understanding Science Words

There are two ways you can understand science words better. One way is by
defining the word in context. The way the word is used gives you a clue as to its meaning.
Another way is by looking at the parts that make up the word. Each word part can give
you a clue as to the meaning of the whole word.
Learning the Skill: Defining Words in Context
1. First, read to see if the word is defined directly in the sentence.
2. If the word is not defined directly, read several sentences beyond the one in which
the word first appears. These sentences may provide information about the
definition of the word.
3. If possible, define the word based on your own past knowledge. You may have
learned the word in an earlier grade, or you may be familiar with it because you
hear it everyday.
4. Figure out the meaning of the word by how it is used in the sentence and by the
sentences around it.

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Find the definitions of the italicized words.
1. Law of Conservation of Matter (Mass) if the amount of matter (mass) was not the
same before and after the change (remember, it is the law), you must offer an
explanation as to why.

What I have Learned

■ The law of conservation of mass states that in a closed system, the mass of the
system cannot change over time. Look at our example of the candle in the closed
room. Though much of the wax itself is no longer present in its original form, all
of the mass of the wax is still present in the room, albeit in different forms.
When the flame was lit, oxygen gas from the room reacted with the candle wax to
produce water vapor and carbon dioxide gas. If you get the mass of the reactants
oxygen and wax, it would equal the mass of the product's water and carbon
dioxide. We can remember the law of conservation of mass with this simple
statement:

● The mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products.
Sadly for fans of magic, anything that has mass, including matter and energy, cannot
be created or destroyed. This means, mass cannot simply appear out of nowhere and
equally it cannot disappear. Matter may change forms however, giving the illusion of
nothing out of something or vice versa, but the mass of the matter is always the same
before and after the chemical reaction . If 22 grams of reactants proceed into a chemical
reaction, then 22 grams of products must be produced.

Importance
Discovery of the law of conservation of mass helped to turn chemistry into the
respectable science it is today. Chemistry has its foundations in alchemy, a protoscience
that puts much stock into magic and mysticism. With the advent of the law of
conservation of mass, chemists took the mystery and illusion of alchemy and brought
predictability and reliability to the science of chemistry.
The law of conservation of mass is very important to the study and production of
chemical reactions. If scientists know the quantities and identities of reactants for a
particular reaction, they can predict the amounts of products that will be made.
Chemical manufacturers can increase efficiency by applying the law of conservation of
mass to their laboratory practices.

Examples
Imagine you are lighting up your gas grill for the first summer barbecue. The propane
from your heavy gas tank reacts with the oxygen in the air, generating a hot blue flame.
The products of this reaction are water vapor and carbon dioxide gas.

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 What I Can Do
Directions: Examine the data of the following combustion experiments. Based on
the analysis of the data, fill in the space with the correct value of the required mass.
Data 1.
REACTANT(S) PRODUCT(S)
Magnesium + Oxygen --------------------------------------> Magnesium Oxide
______? g + 16.0 g --------------------------------------------------> 40.3 g
1.Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass, predict the minimum amount of magnesium that
will react with all 16.0 g of oxygen to produce 40.3 g of magnesium oxide.

Data 2.
REACTANT(S) PRODUCT(S)
Magnesium + Oxygen -------------------------------------> Magnesium Oxide
12.2 g + 8.0 g ------------------------------------------------> ______? g

2.Assuming that magnesium and oxygen will react completely with one another, predict the mass
of magnesium oxide that will be produced.

Data 3.
REACTANT(S) PRODUCT(S)
Magnesium + Oxygen --------------------------------> Magnesium Oxide + Oxygen
48.6 g + 50.0 g --------------------------------------------> 80.6 g + _______?
3. Predict the mass of oxygen that will be left over after the reaction of 48.6 g of magnesium with
50.0 g of oxygen.

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 Assessment
Post Assessment

Directions: Multiple choice questions. Choose the correct letter and write your answer
in a separate sheet of paper.

1. How many hydrogen atoms are in this chemical formula: 2H2O

A. 4 hydrogen atoms
B. 2 hydrogen atoms
C. 1 hydrogen atom
D. 3 hydrogen atoms

2. How many oxygen atoms are in this chemical formula? H3PO4

A. 7 oxygen atoms
B. 3 oxygen atoms
C. 4 oxygen atoms
D. 1 oxygen atoms

3. Chemical reactions follow the law of conservation of mass.Which statements is TRUE

A. the same number of the same types of atoms

B. the same subscripts following the same types of elements
C. the same coefficients preceding the same types of compounds
D. the same number of atoms and the same types of molecules

4. In which of the following reactions is the entropy of the reaction system increasing?

A. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

B. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)
C. 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
D. H2O(g) → H2O(l)

Consider the following reaction, where potassium (K) is dropped in water.

2K (s) + 2H2O (1) -> 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g)

5. What type is this chemical reaction?

A. Combination reaction
B. Decomposition reaction
C. Displacement reaction
D. Double displacement reaction

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6. Use the chemical equation below to answer the question that follows.

2ZnO(s) + C(s) → 2Zn(s) + CO2(g)

A technician working for a chemical company wants to prepare 2 moles of Zn using the
reaction represented in the balanced chemical equation shown. The technician
combines 81.4 grams of ZnO and 12.01 grams of C, allows them to react completely at
950°C, and determines the amount of Zn produced. The technician's results show that
only 1 mole of Zn has been produced. Which of the following statements BEST explains
this result?

A. Half of the mass of ZnO was used to form CO2.

B. Only 1 mole of ZnO was used in the reaction mixture.
C. Combining solid reactants reduces the theoretical yield.
D. There was not enough C available to react with all of the ZnO.

7. How many oxygen atoms are in this chemical formula? 2Fe2O3

A. 6 oxygen atoms
B. 3 oxygen atoms
C. 2 oxygen atoms
D. 4 oxygen atoms

8. Law of conservation of mass states that

A. matter is created
B. matter is destroyed
C. matter does not change
D. matter is neither created nor destroyed

9. What do you call the number written on the left side of the chemical formula?
2H2O

A. Subscript
B. Coefficient
C. upper subscript
D. lower subscript

10. Is the equation balanced? 2HgO → 2Hg + O2

A. No
B. Yes
C. Maybe
D. Sometimes

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 Additional Activities
Directions: Multiple choice: Choose the correct letter and write your answer in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is an example of a chemical reaction?

A. Nail rusting
B. Glass melting
C. Sugar Dissolving
D. Alcohol vaporizing

2. Which action will result in a product with new chemical properties?

A. Cutting wood
B. Popping popcorn
C. Breaking a mirror
D. Shredding a newspaper
3. Which of the following is a balanced equation for the combustion of ethanol
(CH3CH2OH)?

A. CH3CH2OH + 3O2 CO2 +2H2O

B. CH3CH2OH + 3O2 2CO2 +3H2O
C. CH3CH2OH + O2 2CO2 +3HO
D. CH3CH2OH + 2O2 3CO2 +2H2O

4. C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O This chemical equation represents the combustion of

propane. When correctly balanced, the coefficient for water is

A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16

5. The balanced equation below represents the reaction of NaOH with H 3PO4.

NaOH + H3PO4 NaH2PO4 + H2O

When 20g of NAOH reacts with 49g of H3PO4, 9g of water is produced. How many
grams of NaH2PO4 are produced?

A. 11g B. 60g C. 69g D. 78g

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 12
What is New
Synthesis
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
Synthesis
Double Replacement
Decomposition
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
Synthesis
Assessment What I Know What I Know
1. B Mg = 48.6 g D
and O2 = 32.0 g
2.C 80.6 g B
3.A Magnesium
oxide = 80.6 g A
4.A 80.6 g
5.C Yes, the
reaction shows D
6.B that the mass of
7.A the product C
8.D equals the total
9.B mass of the
10.B reactants. Mass
has neither been
created nor
destroyed, it has
only been rearranged
into a different form.
Answer Key
13
Additional
Activities
1. A
2.B
3.B
4. B
5.B
What I Can Do
1.
24.3 g of Magnesium
20.2 g of Magnesium Oxide
18.0 g of Oxygen
References
Magno, Marcelita C. et.al. Science and Technology For A Better Life DIWA
Scholastic Press Inc. Third Edition. 2000

Magno, Marcelita C.et.al. Science and Technology III. Guaranteed

Enterprises. Reprint edition. 1997

https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-law-of-conservation-of-mass.html
https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-law-of-conservation-of-matter.html
https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/cobblearning.net/dist/2/4152/files/2017/10/Conservation-of-
Mass-Answer-Key-zllnky.pdf

https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-law-of-conservation-of-mass-definition-equation-examples.html

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