SYNTAX

I. PHRASES

GROUP 9
CONTENTS
1 Noun Phrase

2 Adjective Phrase

3 Adverbial Phrase

4 Prepositional Phrase

5 Conjunctional Phrase

6 interjectional Phrase
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
●
. Identify noun phrase and adjective phrase and it's function through
assessment.
● Identify the differences between Adverbial Phrase and Prepositional
Phrase through active participation.
● Differentiate conjunctional phrase and interjectional phrase by
participating in the class discussions.
● Distinguish a clause from a sentence and phrase through active
listening to the discussion about characteristics and types of clauses.
● Contrast the two types of clauses by paying attention to the examples
● Practice combining clauses with the use of conjunctions by reciting in
class.
PHRASE
A phrase is a group of words that functions as a
meaningful unit within a sentence. It is a collection of
related words that lacks a subject or a predicate
necessary to form a complete sentence.
 NOUN PHRASE &
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
Noun Adjective
Phrase
Phrase
An adjective phrase is a
A noun phrase is a group of words that
group of words functions as an
that functions as a adjective in a sentence.
noun in a sentence. It describes or specifies
a noun or pronoun
Ex.
Ex.
the green car
extremely fast
a brown dog
surprisingly easy
NOUN PHRASE
A noun phrase is a group of words that
functions as a noun in a sentence. Noun
Phrases aren't full sentences. Instead, noun
phrases are part of longer sentences.

ex.
The big red apple.
TYPES OF NOUN PHRASES
Noun Phrase
Examples with
Noun Phrase with Gerunds in
Postmodifiers
Premodifiers Noun Phrases

Noun phrases can include Postmodifiers are

premodifiers, which are describing words that Gerunds, which are -ing
describing words that come after a noun and words functioning as
comes before a noun. includes prepositional nouns, can also head up
Premodifiers can include phrases and participial noun phrases.
articles and adjectives phrases.

Ex. Ex.
Ex.
People with rude Playing with my
An elephant raised
manners upset me. siblings is my favorite
its trunk at me.
Saturday activity.
TYPES OF NOUN PHRASES
Noun Phrase as a Noun Phrase as an
Subject Object
is when the noun Noun phrases can also
phrase performs the function as the object in a
action in the sentence sentence when they
receive the action from the
Ex. subject.
: The spotted puppy
jumped around Ex.
At the zoo, I saw a
happily.
striped zebra..
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
 ADJECTIVE PHRASE
There are also some cases where;

Adjective Paired Preposition-Based Multiple Adjectives

with Adverb
Intensifier
An adjective phrase can be
formed by combining an
adverb functioning as an
intensifier and an adjective.
Ex.
The dazzlingly beautiful
woman walked down the
street
Adjective Phrase
An adjective phrase can be
formed by combining a
preposition or prepositional
phrase with another word
that, together, describe a
noun in the sentence.
Ex. She had the most silky,
He is from Boston.
in a Row
A string of multiple
adjectives can work
together as an
adjective phrase.
Ex.
smooth, and radiant
hair I’ve ever seen.
 ADVERBIAL PHRASE
- Adeverbial phrase is a group of words that modifies a verb,an adjective,or a
complete sentence.

NORMAL ADVERB ADVERBIAL PHRASE

Examples: He walks oddly. Examples: He walks with a limp.

Tonny is talking now. Tonny is talking in a

minute.
 ADVERBIAL PHRASE
Adverbial Phrases of Manner
-such phrases tell us about the manner or way the action takes place.

Examples: Charmaine sings like an angel.

He speaks in a very loud voice.

 ADVERBIAL PHRASE

Adverbial Phrases of Time

-such phrases that tell us about the time of the action

Example:Jorday arrives at work at about 8.30am.

I always feel happiest during the summer.
 ADVERBIAL PHRASE

Adverbial Phrases of Place

-such phrases that tell us about the place of the action.

The adverbs of place mainly modify verbs and us where something takes place.

Example:I threw my coat on the chair.

I called him outside the mall.
 PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
-A prepositional phrase is a group of words that contains a preposition and its
object.

ADJECTIVAL Prepositional Phrase ADVERBIAL Prepositional

Phrase
-is type of prepositional phrase that -is a type of prepositional phrase that
describes noun or a pronoun. describe a verb,adjective,and adverbs.

examples:The dogs in the park run. examples:She is tall for her age.
Some of the food is delicious. Students study late at night.

CONJUNCTIONAL PHRASES

-A conjunctional phrase conducts the function

of the conjunction. It also combines multiple
clauses or sentences.
 EXAMPLES:
1. Mahalia wants to eat both ice cream and leche
flan for dessert.
2. As long as I'm here, no one can hurt you.
3. We had scarcely completed our day’s task when
our teacher gave us more work to do.
4. Jill, as well as Erin is coming to join the party.
5.Jolz behaves as if she is the captain of the team.
INTERJECTIONAL PHRASES

- An Interjectional phrase conducts the function

of an interjection. Its a phrases that show a
burst of emotions or feeling.
 EXAMPLES:
1. Oh please! Don't say that again.
2. Ouch! you're hurting me!
3. I baked a cake,and–voila!– look at this
masterpiece!
4. You got a perfect score? Wow!
5. Huh? Did he really say that?
SYNTAX
II. CLAUSES

GROUP 9
CLAUSES
A clause is a part of a compound or complete
sentence that contains a subject (the doer) and some
kind of predicate (the action). The subject can be a
word, a phrase, or a clause of various types, whereas
a predicate can be only a verb or a verb phrase. It
conveys information about what the subject is/are
doing rather than simply putting or grouping random
words together.
EXAMPLE 1:
Sentence 1: “After the rain stopped, we went out on our bikes”
Clauses:
S P/V
Clause 1: the rain / stopped
S P / VP
Clause 2: We /went out on our bikes.

Sentence 2: When the sun rises, the butterflies flew.

EXAMPLE 2:
Sentence: When the sun rises, the butterflies flew.
Clauses:
S P/V
Clause 1: the sun/ rises.

S P/V
Clause 2: the butterflies / flew.
TRY THIS:
1. Roshan is swimming .
2. Hasmin and her friends went to the park, where the birds
usually eat.
3. Justin tells the students who aren't picking up the trash.
4. Joe doesn't feel well.
5. I haven't posted all the invitations.
TYPES OF CLAUSES:
1. Independent clause (IC): Main clause
An independent clause can stand alone as a complete simple sentence even
though it is usually functioning as part of a larger sentence. Main (or
independent) clauses can form sentences on their own. They aren’t dependent
on other clauses. They are always finite (they must contain a verb which shows
tense). For a sentence to be complete, all it needs is a subject and a verb: “She
sighed.” No part of the sentence depends on some element expressed outside
the sentence.
Example 1:
MC / IC DC
Sentence: She will go to the department store / if she’s done with all the chores.
S P
Independent clause: She / will go to the department store.
NOTE:
A simple sentence can always be a main clause but a
clause is not always a sentence.
Example:
S P
Sentence and a clause: The animal / jumped.

2. You stink so bad!

TYPES OF CLAUSES:
2. Dependent Clause (DC): Subordinate Clause
By definition, a dependent clause does not form a simple sentence by itself.
Also called a subordinate clause, it is connected to the main clause (MC) of a
sentence.
Example:
MC SC DC
Sentence 1: Sam smiled / when he saw me.
Dependent clause: when he saw me

Sentence 2: I went out on the bike/ that/ Mary gave me for my birthday
TYPES OF CLAUSES:
Example:
MC SC DC
Sentence: “I went out on the bike/ that/ Mary gave me for my birthday”
SC S P
Dependent clause: that / Mary gave me for my birthday.
DIFFERENCE OF IC AND DC:
In many cases, in fact, the only thing that distinguishes an
independent clause from a dependent clause is the presence
of a subordinating conjunction. Consider what the addition
of a subordinating conjunction does to these examples:
Sentence 1: The host was surprised when we arrived early to the party.

Independent clause: We arrived early to the party.

Dependent clause: when we arrived early to the party
Subordinate conjunction: when
DIFFERENCE OF IC AND DC:
Sentence 2: Since the store doesn’t open until 10:00 AM, we have time to
get some breakfast first.
Clause 1: We have time to get some breakfast first.
Clause 2: since the store doesn’t open until 10:00 AM.

Sentence 3: Although the forecast calls for rain, we are going ahead
with our plans for the hike.
Clause 1: We are going ahead with our plans for the hike.
Clause 2: although the forecast calls for rain.
COMBINING CLAUSES:
1. Coordination
We can combine clauses of the same grammatical type to
form sentences using coordinating conjunctions (CC).
Coordinating conjunctions: FANBOYS
Example:
[IC] CC [DC]
I’ll take the train and you can take the car.
[DC] [DC] [DC]
I’ll give you a call if I’m going to be late or if I’m not coming.
[non-finite clause] CC [non-finite clause]
You can use the phone to receive calls but not to make them.
NOTE:
We don’t create coordinated clauses with clauses of a different
grammatical type. For example, we cannot coordinate a main
clause and a subordinate clause:

Sentence: Ten minutes passed and no one had come.

Not: Ten minutes passed and if no one had come.

Sentence: We tackled photosynthesis so I felt excited.

Not: We tackled photosynthesis so that's why I felt excited.
COMBINING CLAUSES:
2. Subordination
A subordinating conjunction is a word or phrase that links a
dependent clause to an independent clause. This word or
phrase indicates that a clause has informative value to add to
the sentence’s main idea, signaling a cause-and-effect
relationship or a shift in time and place between the two
clauses.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION:
1. Showing cause and effect ( for, as, since, though, due to,
provided that, because of, unless, and so/so that etc.)
Sentence: Robin wasn’t allowed in the Batmobile any longer because he
wouldn’t wear a seat belt.

2. Showing shift in time and space ( once, while, when,

whenever, where, wherever, before, and after etc. )
Sentence: Once Batman learned that Robin had not been wearing his seat
belt, he took away his keys to the Batmobile.
COMMA PLACEMENT AND SC:
Subordinating conjunctions that fall in the middle of a sentence
are generally not preceded by a comma. When a subordinate
clause begins a sentence, however, the whole clause (but not
the subordinating conjunction itself) is followed by a comma.
Incorrect: Whenever, Batman was away, Robin drove the Batmobile.
Correct: Whenever Batman was away, Robin drove the Batmobile.
Incorrect: Robin drove the Batmobile, whenever Batman was away.
Correct: Robin drove the Batmobile whenever Batman was away.

Other subordinating conjunctions includes: Before, By the time

 TRY THIS:
1. If I were you, I will choose a him.
2.You will take the car and I will take a walk.
3. Lance is eating ; the Science major is sleeping.
4. "Will you marry me or will you leave me" is the
question.
5. I can cook steak and gnocchi.
Thank you for
listening!

GROUP 9

Bautista Clarissa Mae

Cancino MJ Princess
Obillo Precious Ann
Ostil James Patrick