NAME: JOSHUA DE MANUEL

SECTION: BSN 2-B-4 READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

1. Enumerate and discuss the salient provisions of the Treaty of Paris.

- The Spanish-American War was put an end by the Treaty of Paris (1898), which was signed on
December 10 by Spain and the United States. Peace negotiations between representatives of
the United States and Spain began in Paris on October 1, 1898.  The American demanded that
 The Spain will give up their remaining territory including Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico,
and Guam
 Spain guarantees the independence of Cuba. and also, they need to pay Cuba for
estimated $400 million national debt.
 The remaining territories of Spain will be transferred to Americans. Spain agreed to sell
the Philippines to Americans for $20 million.
 Both parties agreed to release all the person made of prisoners of war and sent back to
their respective homes
 Property belonging to Spanish forces in surrendered territories shall remain Spanish
property.

2. What is/are the relevance of the Political Caricatures of the American Era in understanding the
grand narrative of Philippine History?
- A hundred of cartoons and characterizations made by Filipino artists are included in the book
Philippine Cartoons. Each caricature is made between year of 1900 to 1941 captured national
attitudes toward American arrival as well as shifting social mores and historical trends in the
Philippines. The sufferings of Filipino farmers at the hands of American tenants who self-owned
the laborers' lands and imposed excessively high and unfair taxes on them was depicted in some
of the cartoons. In addition, the caricatures portrayed Americans as oppressing and controlling
people by taking over the insular civil service and forcing the Filipinos to fulfill the majority of
work the for their own benefit, paying off officials for their personal security, and expecting the
highest respect from the Filipinos. These parodies provide historical background and open
people's eyes.