Bolting materials used in Cast Steel Valves are carefully selected and controlled to assure

reliability in service. The following describes the more usual bolting materials (studs and nuts) used
in the bonnet and cover joints of valves.
Steel valves for all temperature services have alloy steel studs. For temperatures up to 875F,
chromium-molybdenum steel conforming to ASTM A193-B7 is normally used, and for higher
temperatures and/or corrosive services, other suitable ferritic (usually ASTM A193-B16) or
austenitic grades are selected from ASTM A193. Nuts for ferritic alloy studs are normally carbon
steel that meets the requirements of ASTM A194 Grade 2H. For low-temperature applications
down to minus 150F, alloy steel studs conforming to ASTM A320-L7 are normally used in
conjunction with alloy steel nuts meeting the requirements of ASTM A194 Grade 4.
Ferritic alloy steel bolting is heat treated to conform to the following minimum mechanical property
requirements:
Tensile strength (psi): 125,000 minimum
Yield Point (psi): 105,000 minimum
Elongation, percent in 2": 16 minimum
Reduction of Area, percent: 50 minimum
In cast iron valves, the bonnet, retainer, and cap joints have carbon steel bolting meeting the requirements of ASTM A307 Gr B. Carbon steel
nuts are used.
In corrosion-resistant valves, the bonnet and gland bolts and nuts are made of austenitic stainless steel.
All bolts are made of Type 304 stainless steel. All nuts are made of gall-resistant austenitic stainless steel of corrosion resistance equal to or
better than Type 303. High strength low alloy bolts, such as ASTM A193-B7 with ASTM A194-2H nuts, are used on 900 lb. and 1500 lb.
valves and for nuclear service.
Material Specifications
Temperature
Body Materials
(degrees F)
Bolts Nuts

Cast Iron -20 to 410 ASTM A307 Gr B ASTM A307 Gr 7

Ductile Iron -20 to 650 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 2H
Carbon Steel (Grade WCB) -20 to 800 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 2H
Carbon Steel (Grade LCB) -50 to 650 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 2H
-20 to 800 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 2H
Carbon Moly (Grade WC1)
801 to 850 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 7
-20 to 800 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 2H
1¼Cr-½Mo (Grade WC6)
801 to 1000 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 7
-20 to 800 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 2H
2¼Cr-1Mo (Grade WC9) 801 to 1000 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 7
1001 to 1050 ASTM A193 Gr B16 ASTM A194 Gr 7
-20 to 800 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 2H
5Cr-½Mo (Grade C5) 801 to 1000 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 7
1001 to 1100 ASTM A193 Gr B16 ASTM A194 Gr 4
-20 to 800 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 2H
9Cr-1Mo (Grade C12) 801 to 1000 ASTM A193 Gr B7 ASTM A194 Gr 7
1001 to 1100 ASTM A193 Gr B16 ASTM A194 Gr 4
-425 to 100 ASTM A320 Gr B8 ASTM A194 Gr 8
Type 304 (Grade CF8)
100 to 1500 *ASTM A193 Gr B8 *ASTM A194 Gr 8
-425 to 100 ASTM A320 Gr B8 ASTM A194 Gr 8
Type 347 (Grade CF8C)
100 to 1500 *ASTM A193 Gr B8 *ASTM A194 Gr 8
-325 to 100 ASTM A320 Gr B8 ASTM A194 Gr 8
Type 316 (Grade CF8M)
100 to 1500 *ASTM A193 Gr B8M *ASTM A194 Gr 8M
ASTM A194 Gr 4
-150 to –50 ASTM A320 Gr L7
3½Ni (Grade LC3) With Charpy Test or 8M
-50 to 650 ASTM A193 Gr B7
ASTM A194 Gr 2H

* Alloy steel bolting, A193 bolts and A194 Gr 2H nuts can be used at moderate temperatures
depending on the permissible differential expansion.