Scoring Package Final

The Resource Team
Sl. No. Name School Name

Sri. Subramanya S
1. GHS Ambale, Chikkamagaluru Taluk
Head Master
Sri. Sathisha H S GPU College (High School Section) Belur
2.
Assistant Teacher Road, Chikkamagaluru
Sri. Umesh D P
3. LBHS Chikkamagaluru
Assistant Teacher
Sri. Nataraja N S
4. GHS Hirebyle, Mudigere Taluk
Assistant Teacher
Sri. Raghavendra K M
5. GHS Melpal, N. R. Pura Taluk
Assistant Teacher
Sri. Gurumurthi A P
6. GHS Baggavalli, Tarikere Taluk
Assistant Teacher
7. Sri. Raju Khetri GHS Shanthigrama Koppa Taluk
Smt. Anusuya K
8. GHS Holekoppa, Sringeri Taluk
Assistant Teacher
Sri. M. C. Suresh
9. GHS Emmedoddi, Birur Block
Assistant Teacher
Sri. Marulasiddappa
10. GHS Biluvala, Kadur Taluk
Assistant Teacher
Sri. Umesh N B
11. SSGJC Ajjampura
Assistant Teacher
Contents
Sl. No. PROSE POEM Page. No.
1 A Hero Grandma Climbs a Tree 2-9
2 There’s a Girl by the Tracks! Quality of Mercy (Memorization) 9-15
3 Gentleman of Rio en Medio I am the Land 15-20
4 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar The Song of India 20-28
5 The Concert Jazz Poem Two 28-33
6 The Discovery Ballad of the Tempest (Memorization) 33-40
7 Colours of Silence The Blind Boy (Memorization) 40-47
8 Science and Hope of Off to Outer Space 47-53

Survival Tomorrow Morning
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
1 Narayanpur Incident 53-54
2 On Top of the World 54-54
3 A Great Martyr Ever Cherished 55-55
4 The Bird of Happiness 55-56
VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR, COMPREHENSION AND COMPOSITION

1 Vocabulary 56-67
2 Grammar 67-83
3 Comprehension 83-84
4 Composition 84-99
5 Model question papers 100-107

LESSON NO .1 A HERO
Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each:
1. Swami’s father drew his attention to a report in the newspaper. What was the report
about?
The newspaper carried a report about the bravery of a village boy who came face to face
with a tiger while returning home by the village path. He stayed half a day on the tree till
some people came and killed the tiger.
2. What comment did Swami make when he heard the newspaper report? How did his
view differ from that of his father?
Swami felt that a boy could not fight with a tiger and it must have been a strong and grown
up person. His father disagreed saying that strength and age were not so important.
Courage was important.
3. What challenge did Swami’s father put to him?
Swami’s father challenged him to sleep alone in his office room that night which was a
frightful proposition. He always slept beside his granny so any change in this arrangement
kept him trembling and awake all night.
4. How did his father react when he disagreed that courage was more important than
strength and age?
Swami’s father was not ready to accept his son’s views on courage. To prove his point, he
put a challenge to Swami to sleep alone in his office room that night. This would show
whether he had courage or not.
5. In which part of the office did Swami decide to sleep? Why did he select this place?
Swami spread his bed under the bench in the office and crept in there to sleep. It seemed
to be a much safer place, more compact and reassuring.
6. Why do you think Swami looked at his granny and his mother while following his father
to the room?
Swami looked at his granny and his mother because he thought they would stop his father
taking him to the office room and support him. He did not like to sleep in the office room
alone.
7. As the night advanced Swami felt that something terrible would happen to him. What
would it be? How would it happen?
As the night advanced everything became quiet. His heart began to beat faster. He
remembered all the stories of devils and ghosts. He expected the devils to come up and
carry him away.
8. There was silence in the room. In spite of it, some noises reached Swami’s ears. What
were they?
Some noises that Swami heard in the office room were – the ticking off the clock, the rustle
of trees, snoring sounds, and some vague night insects humming.
9. What did Swami feel when he saw something moving in the darkness? What did he do?
When Swami saw something moving in the room, he was filled with horror. He imagined
that it was the devil who would pull him out and tear him to pieces. He crawled out of the
bench, caught hold of it and dug his teeth into it.
10. Why were congratulations showered on Swami?
Swami had bitten the burglar thinking him to be the devil. The burglar’s cry brought his
father and others to the scene leading to his arrest. Everybody felt that he was a hero. So
congratulations were showered on him.
11. How was Swami honoured by his classmates, teacher and the headmaster?
Congratulations were showered on Swami. His classmates looked at him with respect and
his teacher patted his back. The headmaster said that he was a true scout.
12) Why did Swami feel relieved at the end?
Swami felt relieved at the end because his mother defended him saying that there was no
need to risk his life again so his father gave up the idea of making him sleep alone in the
office room thereafter.
13. Why did father want Swami to sleep alone in the office room?
Swami’s father wanted Swami to sleep alone in the office room office room to show his
courage. He also wanted Swami to leave sleeping beside his granny like a baby. He wanted
Swami develop good habits.
14. Why did Swami feel that his father’s proposition was frightful?
Swami felt that the proposition was frightful. Because he always slept beside his granny in
the passage, and any change in this arrangement kept him awake all the night.
15. Do you think Swami really wanted to join the police? If not, what did he want to be?
Swami did not want to join the police. He wanted to be an engine driver, a railway guard,
or a bus conductor.
16. Why did Swami say that there were scorpions behind the law books?
Swami said that there were scorpions behind the law books because he did not like to sleep
in the office room and it was just a trick to escape from his father.
17. What stories of devils and ghosts did Swami remember as the night advanced with
silence?
Mani had seen the devil in the banyan tree at his street end. Muniswami’s father spat out
blood because the devil slapped his cheek. His old friend suddenly disappeared and was
said to have been carried by a ghost.
Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow:-
1. “Leave alone strength. Can you prove you have courage?
a. What was the view of Swami’s father regarding courage?
Swami’s father felt that courage was more important than strength and age.
b. How did he want his son to prove that he had courage?
By sleeping alone in the office room.
c. Did he accept the challenge? If not why?
No, he did not accept the challenge. It was a frightful proposition
2. “A frightful proposition”
a. For whom was it a frightful proposition?
Swami.
b. What was frightful?
Sleeping alone in the office room was frightful.
c. Why was it frightful?
Swami always slept beside his granny. He could not sleep alone.
3. “You must sleep alone hereafter”
a. Who should sleep alone?
Swami
b. Why should he sleep alone?
To prove his courage
c. Who did he usually sleep with?
He usually slept with his granny.
4. “Your office room is very dusty and there may be scorpions behind your law books”.
a. who does the word “your” refer to here?
Swami’s father
b. Why did Swami make this remark?
He wanted an excuse for not sleeping in the office room.
c. What does it reveal about his character?
He did not have the courage.
5. “He wished that the tiger had not spared the boy”
a. Who wished so?
Swami
b. What do the underlined words imply?
These words mean that he wished that the tiger had killed the boy
c. Why did Swami have such thoughts?
Swami was upset because he was asked to sleep alone.
6. “Aiyo, something has bitten me.”
a. Who does “me” refer to?
Burglar/house breaker
b. Why was he bitten?
Swami mistook him to be devil, to save himself, he bit the burglar.
c. What was the result of it?
The burglar was caught.
7. The inspector said, “Why don’t you join the police when you are grown up?
a. Why do you think the inspector said this?
The inspector thought that Swami was a brave boy so he said this.
b. Do you feel Swami would be happy to do so?
He was not happy. He did not want to join the police.
c. What did he want to become?
He wanted to become an engine driver, a railway guard or a bus conductor.
8. “No wonder he wanted to be asleep before I could return home. Clever boy!”
a. Who do the words “I” and “Clever boy” refer to?
“I” refers to father and clever boy refers to swami
b. Why had swami gone to sleep before his father’s return?
Swami still did not have courage to sleep alone. He was afraid his father would force him to
sleep alone.
c. Was his father angry with him? Give a reason for your answer.
No, he was not angry with him. This might have been said affectionately.
9. “Congratulations were showered”.
a. Who was congratulated?
Swami
b. Why was he congratulated?
The burglar was caught because of Swamy
c. What was the impact on Swami?
He became a hero among his friends.
10.” How could a boy fight a tiger?”
a. Who is the speaker? /Who said this? / Who does the word “I” refer to here?
Swami
b. What does the speaker mean by this statement?
The speaker means that the boy could not fight a tiger and he must have been a grown-up
and strong person.
c. What was the result of this comment?
Swami’s father challenged him to show that he had courage by sleeping in the office room
alone.
11. “Courage is everything, strength and age are not important”
a. Who is the speaker? /Who said this?
Swami’s father
b. When did the speaker say so?
When Swami commented that he must have been a grown-up person and not a boy at all.
c. What does the speaker intend to say?
The speaker intends to say that courage is important and age and strength are not
important
12. “Swami listen to this: News has been received about the bravery of a village lad who
while returning home by the jungle path came face to face with a tiger……….”
a. Who is the speaker? /Who said this?
Swami’s father
b. What was the comment of Swami?
Swami said that he must have been a very strong and grown-up person, not a boy at all.
c. What was the impact of the report on the listener?
The listener had to sleep alone in the office room. His father asked him to show that he was
brave.
13.”We are going to admit the elders in our cricket club hereafter”
a. Who is the speaker speaking to?
Swami is speaking to his father.
b. Why did the speaker say so?
It was just a trick to escape to sleep in the office room.
c. What was father’s reply?
“We shall see about that later.”
14.”From the first of the next month, I’ll sleep alone father.”
a. Who requested like this? Who does the word “I” refer to here?
Swami.
b. Did the father agree? Why?
No, he did not agree because he wanted his son to show courage by sleeping alone in the
office room.
c. Why did he request his father to allow him sleep alone from the first of next month?
He requested his father to allow him to sleep from the first of next month to escape from
his father.
15.” You must do it now .It is disgraceful sleeping beside granny or mother like a baby.”
a. Who commanded like this?
Swami’s father commanded Swami like this.
b. What does ‘it’ refer to here in the first sentence?
’It’ refers to sleep alone in the office room.
c. What is shameful here? Why?
Sleeping beside his granny or mother like a baby was shameful. Because children should be
taught to live independently.
16. “Why do you look at me while you say it? I hardly know anything about the boy”
a. Who do the words ‘me’ and ‘I’ refer to here?
Swami’s mother.
b. What did he say?
He did not like the way Swami was being brought up.
c. What was the reply of Swami’s father?
“No, no, I don’t mean you.”
Answer the following questions in 8-10 sentences:
1. A report about a boy in the newspaper was an unexpected event in Swami’s life.
Justify.
The newspaper carried a report about a village boy who had fought bravely against a tiger,
while he was returning home by the jungle path. Swami argued that a boy could not fight a
tiger, he had to be a strong and grown-up person. His father disagreed saying that courage
was more important. Swami was not ready to accept this. His father then challenged him to
show his courage by sleeping alone in the office that night. While Swami was sleeping
there, he saw a dark figure. Believing it to be the devil, Swami dug his teeth into its leg. It
turned out to be a notorious burglar whose loud cry brought others to the scene. The
burglar was caught and Swami became a hero over night.
2. What desperate attempts did Swami make to escape from his father?
Swami’s father challenged him to seep alone in the office room that night. Swami was filled
with fear and tried desperately to make his father change his mind. He changed the subject
by talking about cricket. He told his father that he would sleep alone from the first of the
next month. He rose silently and tiptoed to the bed. He made wild gesticulation to silence
his granny and did not want to listen to a story. He pulled the blanket over his face and
pretended to be fast asleep. He looked at his granny and mother with a look of appeal. He
told his father that his office room was dusty and there might be scorpions behind his law
books. He requested his father to allow him to sleep in the hall. Swami’s attempts were
failed because his father did not want to change his mind and he wanted Swami to sleep
alone in the office room to prove that he had courage.
3. Narrate Swami’s dreadful experience when he was lying under the bench.
Swami crept under the bench, shut his eyes tight and covered himself with the blanket.
Soon he fell asleep. He began to have a nightmare that a tiger was chasing him and he
could not escape from its claws. With a desperate effort he opened his eyes. As he lay in
fright he heard a rustling sound. He tried to look out in the darkness and saw something
moving. He felt that it was the devil who would surely attack him. He crawled from the
bench, caught hold of the figure and bit it hard to save himself.
POEM -1 GRANDMA CLIMBS A TREE
1. The poet Ruskin Bond does not call his grandmother ‘childish’. What else was she
according to him? Why does he consider her to be so?
The poet Ruskin Bond calls his grandma a ‘genius’ because she could climb any tree very
quickly even at the age of sixty-two. She had this gift right from her childhood.
2. What did people tell the grandma? How did she respond them?
The people told that the grandma should stop climbing trees as she was growing old. But
the grandma did not listen to them. She just laughed and said that she would grow old
disgracefully.
3. Others feared that granny would fall from a tree one day or the other. Did this happen?
Or did something else happen?
Granny did not fall from a tree. One day all the family members in the town, she climbed
the tree and could not come down. She was saved with great difficulty.
4. What did the doctor recommend grandma? What was the reaction of the children?
The doctor recommended the granny bed rest for a week. The children were relieved that
there was nothing serious.
5. How did grandma feel while she lay in bed? What did she ask for as soon as she was
better?
Grandma felt miserable as she lay in bed. She loved to look at the dancing leaves. For her, it
was like a brief season in hell. As soon as she was better, she asked her son to build a house
in a tree top.
6) “My dad knew his duties.” What did he think his duty was? How did he did it?
He thought his duty was to fulfill his mother’s wish. He built a house on the tree top for his
mother with the help from the poet.
7) Both the poet and his father were considerate towards grandma. Substantiate the
statement?
The poet’s father built a tree house with the help of the poet. The poet would go to the
tree house everyday to drink sherry with her.
1) “Ever since childhood, she’d had this gift. For being happier than in a lift.”
a. Who does ‘she’ refer to?
‘She’ refers to granny.
b. What was the gift she had?
Climbing the tree was the gift she had.
c. Where was she happier?
She was happier in a tree than in a lift.
2. “She would laugh and say, Well I’ll grow disgracefully, I can do it better.”
a. Who said this to whom?
Granny said this to her neighbours.
b. What did they say?
Stop climbing tree.
c. Why did she say so?
They told her to stop climbing trees because she was old and weak.
3) “But it was feared by all that one day she’d have terrible fall. The outcome was
different.”
a. Who feared? Who would have a terrible fall?
The Granny’s neighbours feared that granny would have a terrible fall.
b. Why did they feel so?
They felt so because she was old and weak.
c. What happened instead?
One day she climbed a tree but could not come down.
4 “I strongly recommend a quiet week in bed’
a. Who recommended bed rest? The doctor
b. For whom was the rest recommended and why?
Rest was recommended to grandma because she was ill.
c. What was the reaction of the children?
The children were relieved that there was nothing serious.
5. “Then she sat up and said, I’ll lie here no longer!”
a. Who does ‘I’ refer to?
‘I’ refers to grandma
b. Where was she?
She was in bed for rest.
c. Why couldn’t she lie there no longer? Why was the speaker forced to lie down?
She wanted to climb up trees again. He doctor recommended her bed rest for a week
6.“My dad knew his duties. He said, that’s all right- You’ll have what you want, dear. I’ll
start work tonight.”
a. Who does ‘my dad ’refer to? What did he consider his duty was?
My dad ’refers to the poet’s father. He considered his duty was to build a tree-house for his
mother.
b. What did granny want?
A house in a tree top
c. How did the father fulfill her wish? What does it show about him? By building a house
in a tree top, he fulfilled her wish. It shows that he was a caring and dutiful son.
7. “She sits there in state and drinks sherry with me. Upholding her right to reside in a
tree.”
A) Who do ‘she’ and ‘me’ refer to?
‘ She’ refers to granny and ‘Me’ refers to the poet Ruskin Bond.
b. What was her right?
Her right was to live in a tree house.
c. What does it show about the speaker?
It shows that the speaker was considerate towards his grandma.
1. Comment on the poem Grandma climbs a Tree.
The poem ’Grandma Climbs a Tree ’is written by Ruskin Bond. He calls her genius because
She could climb any tree very quickly even at the age of sixty two. She had such a gift since
childhood and she learnt to climb trees from her brother at the age of 6. People advised her
to stop climbing tree because she was old and weak but she did not listen to them. They
predicted that she would have a terrible fall.
One day when others were in the town, she climbed a tree but could not come down. She
was rescued. The doctor recommended her a week bed rest. She felt it like hell. As soon as
she was better, she asked her son to make a house for her on top of a tree. Her son fulfilled
her wish. He and the poet built a house on tree top. The granny enjoyed her remaining part
of life in the tree house happily.
PROSE -2 “THERE’S A GIRL BY THE TRACKS”
1. How did Roma fall on the tracks?
Roma had squeezed herself near the door of a ladies compartment. Jammed between
other women, she tried to find some space to stand safely on. She got pushed, lost her
foothold and was thrown out of the coach.
2. What did Baleshwar Mishra do as soon as he saw the girl lying next to the tracks?
On seeing the girl on the tracks, Baleshwar immediately pulled the red emergency chain of
the train. As the train slowed, he asked the other passengers to come with him to help the
girl. No one came forward. Then he bravely jumped off the still moving train and rushed
towards the girl.
3. There was no response and no help in Roma’s sight. Why was it so?
She was by the tracks senseless.(unconscious)There was a large wound behind her head
and blood was flowing out. So there was no response from her.
4. How did Baleshwar manage to reach the road?
Baleshwar lifted Roma and made his way across the tracks searching for a way out. He
crossed through some shrubbery and followed the direction of the sound until he found the
road.
5. Who volunteered to help Baleshwar? How did he help him?
A tempo truck driver volunteered to help Baleswar. He helped him to lay the girl down in
the back of his truck and drove them to a small hospital, but it lacked facilities. So he drove
them to a bigger hospital where she could be treated well.
6. How did the doctors at Divine Multi Specialty Hospital treat Roma?
The Medical Director of the hospital saw the extent of Roma’s injuries and immediately
admitted her to the ICU without any paper work. X-rays were taken out and all she needed
were deep wound sutures. She was taken care of very well and recovered within a few
days.
7. Why did Baleshwar revisit the spot where Roma had fallen?
Roma’s brother, Dinesh, had told him that her call phone and handbag were missing. So he
revisited the spot. With the help of a railway employee he was able to recover some of her
belongings.
8. Why were the people of Mumbai afraid of, according to Baleshwar? Why had he this
opinion?
Baleshwar felt that people of Mumbai were afraid of getting trapped in the courts or with
the police. When he begged the people in the train and on the road to help Roma, they did
not come to help him.
9.Give some personal details about Roma Talreja.
Rama Talreja was a B.Com graduate from Pune. She was working as a call centre executive.
She loved her job, talking and connecting to customers, and making new friends.
10.Give some personal details about Baleshwar Mishra.
Baleshwar Mishra was an unemployed high-school dropout from Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh
recently came to Mumbai for job. He had not succeeded in getting the job.
11. After Roma’s recovery, what did she say about Baleshwar?
Roma was amazed to hear about the manner in which she had been rescued. She
wondered how a stranger could jump off a train and risk his life for her. She could not
imagine what would have happened to her if he had not been there. She felt that she could
never repay him.
12. “Take the girl to Airoli,” Suggested the cop. But Baleshwar disagreed. Why did he do
so?
Baleshwar felt that the girl needed medical help immediately. Airoli was at least 10
kilometers away and he knew of a small hospital close by. So he did not agree with the cop.
13. Was Baleshwar right in asking Roma her name while she lay in a critical condition?
Justify your answer.
Baleshwar was absolutely right in asking Roma her name. He also got from her, her
brother’s name and phone number. With this he was able to call her brother and inform
him about her accident.
14. Baleshwar had a good memory. Do you agree with this? Give examples to support
your view.
Yes, Baleshwar had a good memory. Roma had given him her brother’s cell phone number
and he memorized it quickly Thus he was able to contact Dinesh and inform him about the
accident. He knew exactly that Airoli was 10 kms away and there was a nearby hospital.
15. If Baleshwar had not come forward to help Roma, what would have happened to her?
If Baleshwar had not come forward to help Roma, She would have bled to death. Luckily he
took her to the hospital in time and got her treated.
16. Roma Talreja tried to settle into a corner near the door in the train. Was she right in
doing this?
No, It was very risky as there was a great rush. People were pushing each other to stand
safely in less space and she could have fallen which she did.
1.“There is a girl by the tracks!” the voices cried out.
a. Who is the girl mentioned here?
Roma
b. Whose voices were these?
Passengers in the opposite train.
c. Why did the voices cry out?
They saw Roma falling from the train on the tracks.
2. “Let’s go and help her.”
a. Who shouted like this?
Baleshwar.
b. What happened there?
There was a girl by the tracks who was hurt badly.
c. Why did not the speaker get help?
People of Mumbai afraid of getting trapped by the police or court..
3. “I hope I’m not too late.”
a. Who is the ‘I’ here?
Baleshwar.
b. Where was he not late to?
He was not late to the tracks where Roma had fallen.
c. What hope did he have?
He could help Roma who was hurt badly.
4. “Behanji ,aap theek hai?” he asked .But there was no response, and no help in sight.
a. Who does ‘behanji’ refer to here?
‘Behanji’ refers to Roma.
b. Why was there no response?
Roma was injured seriously and fell on the tracks unconsciously.
c. Where was she?
She was by the tracks.
5. “My sister is injured, Please help me take her to a hospital.”But no one stopped.
a. Who does ‘sister’ refer to here?
‘’Sister’ refers to Roma.
b. Who requested like this to whom?
Balashwar requested like this to motorists.
c. Why was she taken to a hospital? What had happened to her?
She was hurt badly and was unconscious due to the fall.
6. “Take the girl to Airoli,” suggested the cop, “there’s a hospital there.”But Baleshwar
disagreed.
a. Who is the ‘girl’ here?
Roma
b. What had happened to her?
She was injured badly.
c. Why did Baleshwar disagree?
Airoli was 10 kms away. Roma needed treatment urgently.
7. “What’s your name? Whom can I call?”
A) Who asked this question to whom?
Baleshwar asked this question to Roma.
b. Where was she?
In the back of the truck.
c. Do you think these questions were relevanat that time? Why?
Yes, he was relevantly asked these questions because he wanted to inform about her
condition.
8. “Chacha, can I borrow your mobile?”
a. Who wanted the mobile?
Baleshwar
b. Who did he want to borrow from?
The tempo truck driver.
c. Why did he want the mobile?
To inform Roma’s brother, Dinesh about her accident.
9. “Oh ,I couldn’t thank him,” Baleshwar thought.”
A) Who do the words I and him refer to here?
The word I refers Baleshwar and the word you refers to the tempo-truck driver.
B) Why should he thank him?
He helped Baleshwar to take Roma to the hospital and he did all the necessary help to
rescue Roma.
C) Why couldn’t he thank him
He slipped from the hospital having done all he could.
10. “I can’t imagine what would have happened if Baleshwar hadn’t been there.”
a. Who does ‘I’ refer to here? Roma
b. Why was Baleshwar there?
Baleshwar was there to help Roma.
c. What would have happened if Baleshwar Mishra had not been there?
She would have bled to death on the tracks alone.
11. “I think it’s astonishing that a stranger would jump off a train and risk his life for me. I
can never repay Baleshwar.”
a. Who is the stranger here?
Baleshwar Mishra
b. What was astonishing for the speaker?
The stranger Baleshwar Jumped off a moving train and risked his life for the speaker.
c. Why couldn’t she repay him?
He had done a great deed. He saved her life from dying.
12. “They fear getting trapped in the courts or with the police.”
a. Who does the word ‘They”’ refer to here?
The people of Mumbai.
b. Why do they fear?
They fear because they may have to go to the courts or police station.
c. What is the effect of the fear?
The effect is that nobody is ready to help others.
1. Give a brief account of how Baleshwar helped the girl on the tracks. Or Baleshwar was
God sent to Roma. Justify.
When Baleshwar saw the girl lying on the tracks, he jumped down from the moving train
and ran towards her. There was no help in her sight so he lifted her up, crossed the tracks
and walked till he reached the road. He waited patiently with the girl in his arms for a long
time. He stopped a number of motorists but no one heeded to his call. Finally, a tempo
truck driver stopped and helped him to take the girl to a hospital nearby where she was
given first aid. The doctor there advised him to take her to a big hospital. Baleshwar did this
and the girl got the necessary medical care and was cured.
2. Dalai Lama says “Love and Compassion are the true religions to me”. But to develop
this, we do not need to believe in any religion. How does this relate to the lesson “There’s
a girl by the tracks?”
This saying of Dalai Lama’s relates a lot to this lesson. Baleshwar saw Roma lying on the
tracks. Both didn’t know each other. Even then, he pulled the chain and got off the train to
help her. He showed humanity and kindness towards Roma. Had he not done this, anything
could have happened to her. He took her to the hospital and even informed her brother
about her injuries. In this way he made us realize that showing love and compassion
towards others is the true religion.
3. After Roma made a full recovery, Baleshwar met her. Briefly describe how Roma
thanked him, and what Baleshwar said in reply.
After Roma made a full recovery, she was amazed to know how Baleshwar rescued her. She
thought it was astonishing that a stranger would jump off a train and risk his life for her.
She couldn’t imagine what would have happened if he hadn’t been there. She could never
repay him. On the other hand he was proud of his good deed. He acknowledged her
gratitude.
POEM-2 “QUALITY OF MERCY
1. What is mercy compared to? How is this comparison apt? Justify your answer.
Mercy is compared to the gentle rain from heaven to the earth. The person who receives
mercy gets relief as rain brings relief to the dry land naturally.
2. Why does the speaker say that mercy is twice blessed?
Mercy brings blessings in two ways. Both the persons who shows and receives mercy are
blessed.
3.’Sceptre shows the force of temporal power.’ In contrast, what or whose quality does
mercy stand for?
The sceptre is a symbol a temporal power or the earthly power of the kings. It creates pain
and fear. Mercy is the divine power and is seated in the heart of kings. It is permanent and
gives happiness.
4. How do you justify that mercy is the mightiest when compared to the power of kings?
The king’s crown, thrown and sceptre are temporary and create pain and fear. Mercy is
above screptred sway and it blesses both the giver and the taker. It is permanent and gives
happiness.
5. The poem ‘Quality of Mercy’ has fourteen lines. But it is not a sonnet. Justify the
statement.
This poem consists of fourteen lines but it is not a sonnet as there is no rhyme scheme in
the poem. In other words there isn’t three quatrains and a couplet.
6. ‘Mercy seasons justice’. Explain this statement.
Mercy is a divine power. Justice should go hand in hand with mercy. The king will have to
pronounce judgment which might be harsh. Still it should combine with mercy.
1. “ It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven upon the place beneath.”
a. Who is the speaker here?
Portia.
b. What is compared to the gentle rain?
Mercy.
c. Name the figure of speech.
Simile.
2.“ It’s twice blest”.
a. Who is the speaker?
Portia.
b. What is twice blest according to the speaker?
Mercy.
c. Why is it called twice blest?
It blesses both the giver and the taker.
3.“Tis mightiest in the mightiest it becomes.”
a. Who is the poet of this line?
William Shakespeare.
b. What is mightiest in the mightiest here?
Mercy.
c. How is it the mightiest?
Mercy is more powerful than all other symbols of power on the earth.
4. “His sceptre shows the force of temporal power.”
Portia.
b. What does sceptre mean?
A decorated rod used by a king or a queen as a symbol of power.
c. What does it create among the people?
Fear and Pain.
5. But mercy is above the sceptred sway”.
Portia.
b. What is a sceptre?
A decorated rod used by a king or a queen as a symbol of power.
c. How is mercy above the sceptred sway?
A Mercy is a divine power whereas sceptre is an earthly power which creates fear and pain.
6.“It is enthroned in the heart of kings. It is an attribute to God himself.”
a. What is enthroned in the heart of kings?
Mercy.
b. When does the king become God himself?
When the quality of mercy is seated in his heart.
c. What does the attribute mean?
Quality/Character
7.“And earthly power doth then show likest God.”
a. Who has the earthly power?
The king.
b. When does the earthly power become a divine power?
When the king has the quality of mercy then it becomes a devine power.
c.What does the speaker want the king to add to his justice?
Mercy.
1. Write the summary of the poem ‘Quality of Mercy’
The Quality of mercy is an extract from the play ‘The Merchant of Venice” by William
Shakespear. Portia argues how mercy is the greatest virtue of all. The quality of mercy is not
forced. It drops as the gentle rain from the heaven. It is twice blessed because it blesses
both the giver and the taker. It is mightiest in the mightiest, permanent and gives
happiness. The sceptre creates pain and fear in the hearts of the people. But mercy is above
this. It resides in the hearts of the kings and is a quality of God himself. If mercy is a part of
justice, then this earthly power shines like a Godly power.
UNIT.3 THE GENTLE MAN OF RIO EN MEDIO
1. Describe the old man’s property.
The old man’s house was small, wretched but attractive in an old fashioned way. His
Orchard was gnarled and beautiful. A small stream ran through his land.
2. Where did Don Anselmo live? What work did he do?
Anselmo lived up in Rio en Medio. He was a farmer and tilled the land that his ancestors
had tilled.
3. Explain briefly the appearance Don Anselmo.
Don Anselmo wore an old, green faded coat. His gloves too were old and torn and his finger
tips showed through them and carried a cane which was the skeleton of a worn – out
umbrella.
4. Explain briefly the manner of Don Anselmo.
Don Anselmo bowed to all of them in the office room. He removed his hat and gloves,
slowly and carefully.
5. Why did the story teller offer the old man almost the double of what he had quoted
earlier?
Americans sent the surveyor and the engineer to survey the old man’s land. It was found
that he owned almost twice the land. As the Americans were good and honest people, they
were ready to give more money.
6. What was the reaction of the old man to the story teller’s offer? OR
Don Anselmo’s reaction to the offer of more money was not expected. Justify
The old man became angry and told the story teller that the offer was insult to him. He
refused the offer and took only 12 hundred dollars that he had quoted.
7. Why did the story teller fail to convince Don Anselmo to accept more money?
Don Anselmo felt that he was insulted by the offer. As he was a man of principle, he would
take the money that he had quoted earlier.
8. What did Don Anselmo do as he left the place with money?
Don Anselmo shook hands all around, put on his ragged gloves, took his cane and walked
out with the boy behind him.
9. What changes did the Americans make to Don Anselmo’s property?
The Americans re-plastered the old house, pruned the trees and patched the fence.
10. What did the story teller’s friends complain?
The story teller’s friends complained that the children of the village came every day,
overran the property, put play fences, played under the trees and plucked flowers from the
trees.
11. What did the story-teller request Don Anselmo to do after the complaint?
The story teller told Don Anselmo that according to the deed, the Americans had complete
possession of the property, but the children of the village overran the orchard every day.
So, he requested him to stop the children from doing this so that the Americans could live
in peace.
12. Why do you think Don Anselmo did not sell the trees in the Orchard?
Don Anselmo planted a plant for every born child and so the trees belonged to the children
of Rio-en-Medio. Hence he could sell only the land and house but not the trees in the
Orchard.
13. How can you say that Don Anselmo was passionate about his land the children of Rio
en Medio.
Don Anselmo planted a plant for every child born in Rio en Medio. He thought the trees did
not belong to him but to the children. He grew trees for the next generation of Rio en
Medio.
14. Why do you think the Americans wanted to buy Don Anselmo’s land?
The house was small but attractive in an old fashioned way. The Orchard was gnarled and
beautiful. A small stream ran through his land. So, to lead a happy and peaceful life, the
Americans wanted to buy Don Anselmo’s land.
15. Why did the story teller say that Americans were good people( bueana genta)?
They did not want to cheat Don Anselmo and they were willing to pay Don Anselmo twice
the money for his land. They did not punish the children who gave them a lot of troubles.
Even though they were the legal owners of the tree, they bought the trees individually.
16. How do you say that Don Anselmo was generous?
Don Anselmo was generous because he was a man of principles. He refused to take the
extra money offered by the Americans for his land. He planted a plant for every child born
in Rio en Medio. He thought that the trees did not belong to him but to the children.
Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow:
1. “It took months of negotiation to come to an understanding with the old man. He was
in no hurry. What he had the most of was time.”
a. Who is the old man here?
Don Anselmo
b. What was the negotiation about?
Selling of the old man’s land
c. Why do you think it took months to come to an understanding?
Because he was in no hurry to sell the land
2. ‘The old man removed his hat and gloves carefully’
a. Who is the old man referred here?
Don Anselmo.
b. Whose style did it remind the writer of?
Charlie Chaplin
c. How were his hat and gloves?
Old and torn
3. “We have made a discovery”
a. Who does the word ‘We’ refer to here?
The story teller and The Americans
b. What did they discover?
They discovered that Don Anselmo owned more than eight acres of land.
c. What was the result of the discovery?
As a result, they offered Don Anselmo double the price of what they had quoted earlier.
4. “These Americans are Buena gente”
a. Who said these words?
The story teller- Juan A.A. Sedillo.
b. What is the meaning of ‘Buena gente’ according to the context?
Good people.
c. Why did the speaker call Americans Buena gente?
After the survey, they were ready to pay twice the money they had quoted earlier.
5. He said, “I do not like to have you speak to me in that manner”
a. Who do the words I and Me refer to here?
‘I’ refers to Don Anselmo ‘You’ refers to the story teller.
b. What is the mood of the speaker?
He felt that he was being insulted and was angry.
c. What made him to react so?
The story teller told him that Americans offered him twice the money they had quoted
earlier for his land.
6. “I have agreed to sell my house and land for twelve hundred dollars and that is the
price?”
a. Who does the word ‘I’ refer to here?
Don Anselmo.
b. When did the speaker say this?
When the Americans offered him double the price that had been quoted earlier for his
land.
c. What does this statement tell about the speaker?
The speaker was not greedy and he was a man of principles.
7. “I did not sell them the trees in the Orchard. The trees in that orchard are not mine.”.
Don Anselmo.
b. Why didn’t he sell the trees in the orchard?
According to Don Anselmo the trees belonged to the children of Rio-en-Medio.
c. How did Don Anselmo defend his statement?
When a child was born in the village, a tree was planted and so the trees belonged to the
children of the village.
8.”When one signs a deed and sells real property one sells also everything that grows on
the land, and those trees,”
a.Who said this? To whom?
The author said this to Don Anselmo.
b. Who sold the property to whom?
Don Anselmo sold property to the Americans.
c.Why did he say so?
Don Anselmo said that he did not sell the trees on the orchard. This was bad according to
law.
9.”There was nothing we could do. Legally we owned the trees but the old man had been
so generous, refusing what amounted to a fortune for him”
a. Who were the legal owners of the trees according to the deed?
The Americans
b. Who refused to take the money?
Don Anselmo
c .Why did he refuse to take more money?
He was a man of principles. He thought that trees belong to children and he did not sell the
trees.
10. “He lived up in Rio en Medio where his ancestors lived. He tilled the same land they
had tilled”
a. Who does “he” and “they” refer to?
“He” refers to the old man,Anselmo. “They” refers to His ancestors.
b. What does the statement convey?
The statement conveys that Anselmo was the oldest man in the village, Rio en Medio.
c. What was the profession of the Old man?
Farmer
11) “One day they came back to the office to complain. The children of the village were
overrunning their property”
a. Who complained to the office?
The Americans complained to the office.
b. What was their complaint?
Their complaint was that the Children of Rio en Medio were over running their property.
c. What is the property referred to here?
The property refers to the land purchased by the Americans.
1. Don Anselmo and the Americans were generous in their own ways. Explain.
After the survey, the Americans found that Don Anselmo owned more than eight acres.
They did not want to cheat him and were ready to pay him twice the money. They did not
punish the children who gave them a lot of troubles. Even though they were the legal
owners of the tree, they bought the trees individually.
Don Anselmo was generous because he was a man of principles. He refused to take the
extra money offered by the Americans. He planted a plant for every child born in Rio en
Medio. He thought the trees belonged to the children.
2. At last, the problem of ownership was resolved. But it took a long time. What might be
the reason for it?
The children of Rio en Medio began to overrun the orchard and to spend most of their time
there. This was brought to the notice of Don Anselmo and he was asked to stop the
children.Don Anselmo claimed that he had sold the land to them but not the trees. He had
planted a tree for each child born in the village and the trees belonged to the children, not
to him. The owners were left with no choice. They had to buy the trees individually from
the villagers and this took a long time.
3. Don Anselmo’s reaction to the offer of more money was not expected. Justify
Don Anselmo agreed to sell his land for twelve hundred dollars. After the survey the
Americans found that the land was more than 8 acres and they were willing to offer twice
the amount. The old man could have been happy but as he heard this the old man hung his
head for a moment and stared at the story teller. He felt that he was being insulted. He told
them that he had agreed to sell his property for twelve hundred dollars to the Americans
and stuck to his words.
17. Whose argument do you agree with about the ownership of the trees? Don Anselmo’s
OR the story tellers?
I agree with the story teller’s argument. Because legally the Americans were the real
owners of the trees as the old man signed the sale deed.
I agree with the old man’s argument. Because the old man agreed to sell only his land and
house. The trees were planted for the children and they were the real owners. He could not
sell them.
POEM -3 “I AM THE LAND”
1. “I wait” is repeated five times in the poem. What quality of the speaker is highlighted?
Human beings are troubling the earth. They own, buy, dig, plough and fence the land.
Mother earth has an ocean of patience and bears all the cruelty committed by man.
2. Bring out the contrast between the speaker and the reader in the poem, “I am the
land”.
The speaker in the poem is land. It says that it is always patient and bears all that isdone to
it. The reader uses the land in many ways. He digs the land, grows fruits and trees and even
fights for land.
3. What are the activities which go on over the land?
We own, buy, dig, plough and fence the land. We also shout, fight and kill for the land.
Children dance and play on land.
4. “You cannot put a fence around the planet Earth”
Is this a tone of weakness or self assertion? Give reason for your answer.
It is a tone of self assertion. The poet mocks at those who are greedy and wage wars to
acquire more land. The earth has given everything to us. Whatever injustice we are doing,
she bears everything patiently. We can put a fence between the two countries but not
around the mother earth.
5. How is the action of soldiers affect the earth?
The soldiers come with guns and shoot their enemies. They put fence between the
countries. This affect the earth with the choking. The fence appears to be the choking
necklace.
Read the extracts and answer the questions that follow:-
1.”You say you own me, I wait”
a. Who do the words ‘You’ and ‘I ‘refer to here?
‘You’ refers to people and ‘I’ refers to the earth.
b. What quality of the speaker is highlighted here?
patience.
c. Name the poem and the poet.
I am the land. Marina de Bellagenta.
2. “Then someone tickles me, plants life…fruit…grass….trees/children dance/someone
sings.”
a. Who does ‘someone’ refer to?
A farmer
b. What does ‘tickle’ mean in the context?
To plough the land
c. What is the mood of the speaker in the statement?
The mother earth waits patiently when the people plough the land, plant trees and grow
fruits.
3.”You come with guns a chain link necklace chokes me now.”
a. What does the words ‘chain link necklace’ refer to here?
Fence
b. Who come with guns? and why?
The soldiers come with guns to fight for the land.
c. What is the feeling of the speaker?
People fight with guns for the land and mother earth feels suffocated with the actions of
men.
4. “You cannot put a fence around the planet earth”
a. Who does the word ‘you’ refer to here?
Human beings
b. What is the tone of the speaker here?
Self assertion
c. Why does it feel so?
The speaker mocks at the people who wage wars and build fences on the land to divide
nations.
Answer the following in 8-10 sentences
Write the summary of the poem” I am the land”
The poem ’I am the Land’ is written by Marina de Bellagenta. In this poem the earth speaks
to the people. People own, buy, sell, dig and plough the land. They also grows fruit, grass,
trees..etc. The children dance and play on the land. The soldiers come with guns fighting for
the land. People build fences on the land to divide nations which suffocates like chains the
earth in her neck. Mother earth has an ocean of patience and bears all the cruelty
committed by man. Mother earth mocks at the people’s behavior with a tone of self
assertion. We can put a fence between the two countries but not around the mother earth.
UNIT .4 DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR
Answer in two or three sentences each.
1. How did Dr. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi try to wipe out caste discrimination from
India?
Gandhiji reminded the higher castes of their duty towards the depressed classes. Ambedkar
reminded the depressed classes of their reserved inherent rights to equality with the higher
castes. Gandhiji put stress on duty. Ambedkar put stress on rights.
2 How did the fourteenth amendment to the US constitution and Mahatma Phule
influence Ambedkar?
The fourteenth amendment to the U.S. constitution gave freedom to the Black Americans.
He saw a parallel situation for the Depressed Classes in India. He was greatly influenced by
life and work of Mahatma Phule who was working for women's upliftment and for a
classless society.
3. Ambedkar was a voracious reader. Justify this statement.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had an insatiable thirst for books. He bought books by curtailing his daily
needs. In New York he is said to have purchased about 2,000 old books. At the time of the
Second Round Table Conference in London, he bought so many books that they had to be
sent to India in 32 boxes
4. Why did Nehru choose Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as the first Law Minister of India?
Jawahar Lal Nehru had recognised Dr. Ambedkar's skills in the field of law and legislation. It
was also a tribute to his vision of social injustice as well as to the success of Dr. Ambedkar's
campaigns against social injustice.
5. Dr. Ambedkar was not in the Congress party. Yet he was made the chairman of the
drafting committee. Why?
Ambedkar had an undying faith in the dignity of human beings. It was the farsightedness
and the objective leadership of Indian National Congress to make Dr. Ambedkar its
chairman.
6. Who were the other notable members of the drafting committee?
The other notable members of the drafting committee were Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar,
K.M. Munshi and N. Gopalswami Ayyangar.
7. Constitution is a fundamental document to both the ruler and the ruled. How?.
The constitution is a fundamental document which defines the position and the power of
the organs of the state. Its purpose is not only to create the organs of the state but also to
limit their authority so as to avoid complete tyranny and complete oppression.
8. After independence, members the scheduled caste have found doors opened to them.
Why?
Ans. Members of the scheduled caste have found doors opened to them after
independence because much progress has been achieved in providing equality of
opportunities to the people. There are no legal bars for self-expression or self advancement
9. All people should be given equal opportunities to prove themselves. How are the
members of the scheduled castes proving themselves?
The members of the scheduled castes are proving themselves by getting enrolled in
institutes of higher learning. They occupy high offices both at the centre and the states.
10. Baba Saheb Ambedkar considers public agitation in free India as unconstitutional.
Why ?
Baba Saheb Ambedkar considers public agitation in free India as unconstitutional because
such agitations are generally misdirected and volatile. They often result in the loss of lives
and public property
11. What were the opinions of the Buddha and Avvai regarding the caste divisions?
According to Buddha, there are only two valid divisions, these are the division between
those who are noble and wholesome and those who are ignoble and unwholesome
Avvai was of the opinion that there are only two castes in the world - the charitable who
give and are superior and the misers who do not give and are therefore inferior.
12. What made Dr. Ambedkar describe the methods of Civil Disobedience, Non-
cooperation and Satyagraha as the 'Grammar of Anarchy’?
Dr. Ambedkar described these methods as the 'Grammar of Anarchy'. According to him the
right to rebellion is recognized against a government formed without people's consent in
dictatorship but not in a democracy which is based on free and fair elections. Such
agitations ,if misdirected or volatile, result in the loss of lives and public property.
13. Write a short note on Dr. Ambedkar's idea of the three pillars of State.
Dr. Ambedkar had a clear perception of the mutuality of the three pillars of State-the
legislature, the executive and the judiciary. He realized that the jurisdiction should be clear
and untrammeled. He also realized the importance of the role of citizens.
14. Who described Baba Saheb as 'a symbol of revolt'? Why?
Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru described Baba Saheb as a 'symbol of revolt' when he passed away in
December 1956. He said that he kept the people's mind awake and did not allow them to
become satisfied about matters which could not be forgotten. He helped in rousing up
those groups in India which had suffered for so long in the past.
15. "Dr. Ambedkar had a vision of social justice." Comment.
Dr. Ambedkar's vision of social justice was a vision which was sought to be infused into the
new Indian polity. Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru chose him to be the first Law Minister of
independent India. It was a tribute to his vision as well as to the success of his own
campaigns against social injustice.
16. How can you say that social discrimination still exists in India?
The Annual Reports of the Commissioner for S C and S T list several violations of the law
and several instances where, notwithstanding the statute book, members of the Scheduled
Castes have been discriminated against.
17. Are you aware of the facilities provided by the Social Welfare Department? Mention.
It gives scholarship, hostel felicity, loan and training to SC and ST
Read the extracts and answer the questions that follow:-
1. “While he was in the U.S.A, he was drawn to the fourteenth amendment of the
constitution of the USA”
a. Who is the 'he'?
Dr.B.R Ambedkar
b. What was the amendment?
The blacks in the USA were given freedom
c. How was it affected on him?
This amendment made Ambedkar take up the task of improving the condition of the
Depressed Classes.
2. "He had an insatiable thirst for books."
a. Who is the 'He'?
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
b. How can you say that he had an insatiable thirst for books?
He bought books by curtailing his daily needs. He purchased many books wherever he went
c. What does ‘insatiable’ mean in the context?
That which cannot be satisfied
3. "He was a voracious reader."
a. What does 'voracious' mean in the context?
Very eager for knowledge
b. Who does the word 'He' refer to?
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
c. How long was he a voracious reader?
He was a voracious reader throughout his life.
4. "He bought so many books at the time of the Second Round Table Conference”
a) Who bought so many books?
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
b. Where was he when he bought these books?
He was in London
c. How many boxes of books did he purchase?
He purchased 32 boxes of books.
5) "They brought about a veritable revolution in social thought"
a. Who were 'they'?
Dr.Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi
b. What 'revolution' is referred here?
The discrimination of caste system
c. How did they bring out revolution?
Gandhiji reminded the higher caste of their duty towards the depressed classes. Babasaheb
did the same by reminding the depressed class about their inherent right to equality.
6. "Dr.Ambedkar had a clear perception of the mutuality of the three pillars of the state"
a. Which are the three pillars of the state?
The legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
b. According to Dr.Ambedkar, how should the jurisdiction of each state be?
The jurisdiction of each should be clear and untrammeled
c. What does ‘Perception' mean in the context?
Abiity to see, hear and understand
7. In an interesting observation, he once described the methods of civil disobedience, non-
cooperation and satyagraha as the "grammar of anarchy”
a. Who does 'he' refer to?
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
b. When do these methods assume importance?
These methods assume importance in a struggle against a foreign rule.
c. Why does the speaker call these methods as "grammar of anarchy"?
If these methods are used in a democracy, there will be loss of lives and public property
8. "There are only two castes in the world, according to Avvai"
a. Who was Avvai?
Avvai was a Tamil poetess.
b. What according to the speaker, are the two castes?
According to Avvai, the only two castes in the world are the charitable (who give and are
superior) and the misers. (who do not give and are inferior)
c. Which is superior and which is inferior?
The charitable are superior because they give whatever they have. The misers are inferior
because they do not help others.
9. "The British rulers exaggerated the caste distinctions and divided the people of India”
a. What policy did the British rulers follow to divide the people of India?
Divide and Rule
b. Why did they adopt this policy?
They wanted to have control over the Indians.
c. What does the word 'exaggerate' mean?
To describe something as greater or larger than really is.
10. "The purpose of a constitution is not merely to create the organs of the state but to
limit their authority”.
a. Who said this?
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
b. Which are the three organs of the state?
The legislature, the executive and the judiciary
c. What would happen if no limits are imposed upon the authority of the organs?
If no limits are imposed on the authority of the organs, there would be complete tyranny
and oppression.
11. "Who colud have drempt that one born to a Mahar family would become not only a
Law Minister but also a Law Maker,"
a. Who is the 'one' referred to here?
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
b. Who chose him to be the Law Minister?
Jawaharlal Nehru
c. Why was he chosen as the Law Minister?
He had skills in the field of law and legislation and also a tribute to his vision of social
justice.
12."I have no doubt whether we agree with him or not in many matter, that
perseverance”
a. Who said this?
Jawaharalal Nehru
b. Who does ‘Him' refer to?
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
c. When did the speaker say these words?
At the time Ambedkar's death.
13. "The only valid division are the division between those who are noble and wholesome
and those who are ignoble and unwholesome"
The Buddha
b. When did he say these words?
About 2500 years ago
c. What does the word 'division' refer here?
The caste division
14. He described him as “A symbol of revolt"
a. Who made this statement?
Jawaharalal Nehru
b. Who is the symbol of revolt?
Ambedkar
c. When did he describe so?
When Babasaheb passed away, in December 1956, Jawaharlal Nehru made a moving
reference in the Lok Sabha.
1. There were great luminaries on the Drafting Committee. Dr. Ambedkar is remembered
as the pilot. Give reasons.
Dr. Ambedkar is remembered as the pilot of the Drafting Committee as his explanation to
the assembly was done with great patience, tact and frankness. He unraveled the most
complicated legal concepts in a simple language which even the laymen understood. It was
a rare gift. He had done this task matchlessly. He understood the distinctive needs of our
own society by drawing examples and experiences of other nations and subsequently
raised the magnificent system, brick by brick which now stands as the Fundamental Rights
in the Constitution of India.
2. What is the significant observation of Dr. Ambedkar on the constitution?
Dr. Ambedkar made a significant observation on the constitution. He observed that the
constitution is a fundamental document which defines the position and power of the three
organs of the state-the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The purpose of a
constitution is not merely to create the organs of the state but to limit their authority also.
If no limitation was imposed upon the authority of these organs, there will be complete
tyranny and oppression.
3. How did Dr. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi try to wipe out caste discrimination from
India?
The British rulers exaggerated caste distinctions and divided the people of India in order to
strengthen their power over us. Both Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Ambedkar rejected the
caste system and declared the oneness of the Hindu community. Gandhiji did so by
reminding the higher castes of their duty towards the depressed classes and Baba Saheb
did the same by reminding them of their rights to equality with the higher and more
powerful castes. With one person stressing the duties and the other stressing the rights,
together they brought about a revolutionary change in the social thinking.
THE SONG OF INDIA
Answer each of the following questions in two or three sentences.
1. What does the poet wish to sing about India.
The poet wishes to sing about the beauty of the snow-covered Himalayas, the three oceans,
the beauty of the morning, rock-cut temples, seers, prophets, soldiers and progress of our
country.
2. What does Mother India want the poet to sing about?
The Mother India wants the poet to sing about the beggar and leper, dirt and filth, hard work
ers, old people, helpless children, strikes and class war.
3. What, according to the poet are the signs of the development of modern nation?
Dams, steel mills, the ship building yards, modern technology and atomic energy
4. What is the contribution of seers and prophets, according to the poet?
Seers and prophets have shaped the people and the society. Their knowledge and
experience are the guiding forces for the common people. They show people the right path
of life and how to live on this earth meaningfully.
5. Why is the poet ‘querulous’? What does he want to do?
The poet is querulous because the motherland did not wish to listen a song about physical
features, temples, dams and lakes, technology of the nation. The poet wants to sing a song
that is pure and which will remain in memory forever.
6. What are the epics? Why does the poet call the temples as ‘epics’ in stone?
Epics are the long narrative poems or stories narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic
or legendary figures or the past history of nation. Such pictures have been carved on the
walls of the temples. So the poet calls the temples the’ Epics in stone’.
7. What do the night, the sun god and the clear dawn represent?
The night represents all sorrows and worries. The Sun God represents cancelling all sorrow
and the clear dawn shows the bright future.
8. How does the poet describe the mother’s anger? Name the figure of speech?
The poet describes the mother’s anger as ‘ that beat into my ears like gong’ The figure of
speech employed here is ‘simile’.
9. How is the poet answered? Describe the vision.
The poet, in the vision saw Mother India sitting on the waves to write the ‘ Book of
Marrow’. She foresaw a new ‘ destiny’, a new bright future, The new future will arrive like
a ‘clear dawn’ in which sorrows and worries will run away like a nightmare
10. Identify the two speakers in the poem, "The song of India."
The two speakers in the poem, The Song of India' are the poet V.K. Gokak and Mother
India.
11. Who does the poet mean by "Of your children that died to call their own"? Why does
he feel so?
Here, the 'children' refers to the soldiers. They are the children of Mother India. They
fought against our enemies and sacrificed their lives to get freedom.
Read the following extracts and answer the questions given below them.
1. "Nervous I yet would ask Deeming it my task,"
a. Who was nervous?
The poet, Gokak
b. What did he want to ask?
He wanted to ask Mother India what he should sing about her.
c. Why did he want to sing?
He loved his country. He wanted to praise his country
2. "Querulous. I said: Is there no song that I can sing of you?
a. What is the meaning of Querulous?
Querulous means 'dissatisfied', 'complaining.
b. Who was querulous?
The poet, Gokak
c. What was the reason for this feeling?
He was querulous because he did not know how to sing a perfect song.
3. "On which she sat and wrote the book of the Morrow"
a. Who does 'she' refer to?
Mother India
b. Where did she sit?
She sat on a throne of waves filled with a bright light.
c. What does “ book of Morrow' mean here?
Book of Morrow' refers to the future of the country.
4. "It was clear dawn like a nightmare fled the night"
a. Who felt that it was a clear dawn?
The poet, Gokak
b. When did he feel this?
He saw Mother India, writing a bright future for the country.
c. What message do these words convey?
These words convey the message that there is a bright future ahead for the country.
5. "Shall I sing Of your clear dawn with pure gold streaks"
a. Who wants to sing?
The poet, Gokak
b. Who is the speaker addressing to?
Mother India
c. What does 'clear dawn with pure gold streaks' suggest?
The beauty of the early morning with the golden rays of the Sun
6. "Sing of the filth and dirt That foul my sylvan retreats."
a. Who makes this statement?
Mother India
b. To whom is it addressed?
The poet, Gokak
c. Why do you think she wants him to sing of the 'filth and dirt'?
We should not ignore the things which are not right.
7. "Shall I sing Of your rock cut temples, epics in stone."
a. Who wants to sing this?
The poet, Gokak
b. Who is he speaking to?
Mother India
c. Why does he call the temples 'epics in stone?
The temples have carvings which depict many of our stories and legends.
8. "Of your children that died to call you their own."
a. Who were these children?
‘The children' refers to the soldiers who fought for the country.
b. Whose children were they?
They were the children of Mother India.
c. Why did they die?
They died for the country's freedom.
9. "Sing of the wrinkled face Indexing ignorance,"
a. Who should sing?
The poet, Gokak
b. Who gives this suggestion?
Mother India
c. What does ‘Wrinkled face indexing ignorance' mean?
It refers to the old people, the illiterate people of the country.
Write the summary of the poem “The song of india”
The poem “ The song of india” is written by V.K.Gokak. It is in the form of dialogue between
the poet and the Mother India. The poet asks her if he could sing about the Himalayas,
three seas, rock-cut temples, soldiers, seers and prophets, dams and lakes, steel mills, ship
building yards, modern technology and atomic age. Then she wishes him to sing about
beggar, leper, dirt and filth, old people, helpless children, hard workers and class war.
Finally the poem ends with optimistic view, motherland sitting on the waves, writing the
book of the Morrow in which she wants a glorious India where people do not suffer, where
they are literate and secular. She wants an India which is free from darkness of ignorance
and which is full of the light of knowledge.
LESSON 5. CONCERT
Answer in 2-3 sentence each:
1. Why did Smitha excite after reading the newspaper?
The news paper had the news of Pandit Ravi Shankar’s music concert at the
Shanmukhananda Auditorium the next day. As Smitha was a fan of Pandit Ravi Shankar and
was learning to play the sitar, she was excited.
2. Why do you think the mother cautioned the girl?
Smitha’s brother, Ananth had been struck with cancer. He was very sick was lying on the
bed. He needed sleep and rest. So the mother cautioned Smitha not to disturb Ananth.
3. Why did Smitha’s family move to Bombay?
Ananth was suffering from cancer. They moved to Bombay so that he could be treated at
the cancer hospital in the city.
4. For a moment, Smitha had forgotten something. What was it?
For a moment, Smitha had forgotten that Ananth was very ill and not in a position to go to
the concert.
5. In what way was the truth frightening to Smitha?
Though Smitha and her family had pretended Anant would get well, she had known that
Anant was going to die of cancer. This was frightening to Smitha.
6. Do you consider Ananth a talented boy? Justify your answer.
Yes, Anant was a talented boy. He was the best table - tennis player in the school and the
fastest runner. He was learning to play the Sitar and was already able to compose his own
tunes.
7. They had come with high hopes”, what hopes did Ananth’s parents have?
Ananth’s parents had high hopes in the miracles of modem science. They thought that he
would be cured and hoped that he would walk, run, play the sitar and table-tennis again.
8. What did the doctors say to Ananth’s parents? Were they words of hope or words of
despair?
The doctors asked Ananth’s parents to take him home and give him whatever he liked. They
were the words of despair because his parents realized that he had not many days to live.
9. Why were the neighbours surprised?
The neighbours could not believe their eyes because they saw Pandit Ravi Shankar, the Sitar
maestro and Ustad Allah Rakha, the great tabla maestro arrived to the boy’s house.
10. Pandit Ravi Shankar and Ustad Allah Rakha performed in the boy’s house. How was
this unusual incident?
Pandit Ravi Shankar and Ustad Allah Rakha were world famous musicians. Inspite of their
busy schedule and high profile they visited the boy and performed for him.
11. What was the chance of a lifetime for Ananth?
Ananth was a music lover and was also learning to play sitar. Listening to Sitar maestro’s
music and attending his concert was the chance of lifetime for Anant.
12. ‘Suddenly a daring thought came to her’ what was the daring thought?
Smitha knew that her brother Anant was dying of cancer. She wanted to fulfill his wish. So
she thought of going to the concert and request Pandit Ravi Shankar to perform for her
brother.
13. How did Smitha enjoy the concert?
Smitha was spellbound by the music. As the first notes came over the air, she felt as if the
gates of enchantment and wonder were opening. But every beat of Tabla reminded her of
Ananth’s voice.
14. Pandit Ravi Shankar and Ustad Allah Rakha performed in the boy’s house. How was
this an unusual incident?
Pandit Ravi Shankar and Ustad Allah Rakha were world famous musicians. In spite of their
busy schedule and high profile they visited the boy and performed for him.
15. In the course of the story ‘The Concert’, whom do you consider to be more worried,
Smitha or Anant?
In the story, Smitha was more worried than others. Though attending the concert was a
chance of lifetime, she could not enjoy it completely because Anant was not with her. She
was always thinking how to fulfill Ananth’s wish.
16. Did Smitha tell what she had in her mind to the musicians? Who responded to her
request immediately? What was the response?
Yes, Smitha told the story of her brother who lay sick at home, and how he longed to hear
them. Pandit Ravi Shankar responded to her immediately and positively and the concert
was arranged at their home for him.
Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow
1. “You'll wake him up. You know he needs all the sleep and rest he can get.”
a. Who do the words you and he refer to here?
‘You’ refers to Smita and ‘He’ refers to Anant.
b. Who said these words and why?
Smita’s mother said these words because Smita showed excitement after seeing the
announcement from the newspaper about the concert.
c. Why did he need rest?
He was suffering from cancer and had become very weak.
2. “We mustn't miss the chance “he said. I’ve-I’ve –always wanted to hear him and see
him.”
Anant and Smita
b. What chance did the boy not like to miss?
The chance of attending Pandit Ravishankar's concert
c. Why did he not like to miss the chance?
It was a chance of a life time.
3. “Take him home. Give him the things he likes, indulge him”
a. Who said the above statement?
Doctors who were treating Anant
b. Why did they say so?
His condition grew worse and they knew that he had not many days to live.
c. Were these words of hopes and despair?
Despair
4. “A walk in the park might make you feel better"
a) Who suggested a walk in the Park to whom?
Aunt Sushila suggested a walk in the park to Smita.
b) What were people doing there?
Walking, running, playing eating, feeding and doing exercises.
c. Why was the suggestion given to Smita?
Because Smita was in the sad mood.
5. “But they did not voice their fears”
a. Who does the word “They” refer to here?
Anant’s parents
a. What did they fear?
Ananth had not many days to live.
c. How did they look after him?
They laughed, talked, spent time with him and fulfilled his every need
6 “Enjoy yourself, lucky you!”
a. Who was considered as lucky?
Smitha
b. Why was she lucky?
She was going to attend the concert of Pandit Ravi Shankar.
c. When did speaker say like this?
When Smita was ready to go to the concert
7. “Panditji is a busy man. You must not bother him with such requests.”
a. Who said these words to whom?
The Moustachioed man said these words to Smita.
b. What was the request made?
The request was made to Pandit Ravishankar to come to the house and play for Anant.
c. When was it said?
When she requested Pandit Ravishankar to come home and play for Anant.
8. "No, how can I? We’ve always done things together”
a. Who had done the things together?
Anant and Smitha
b. Why was not possible to do things together?
He had cancer and was confined to bed.
c. What does it show about the speaker?
Her love and concern for Anant.
9 “Tomorrow morning we perform for the boy”
a. Who would perform for the boy?
Pandit Rivishankar and Ustad Allah Rakha.
b. Why would they perform?
Because they understood the boy's pathetic condition through Smita.
c) Where would they perform?
At aunt Sushila’s apartment.
10. “They could not believe their eyes. 'It is ......... It's not possible?' they said.”
a. Who could not believe their eyes?
Neighbours of Sushila
b. What couldn't they believe their eyes?
Pandit Ravishankar and Ustad Allah Rakha came to Aunt Sushila's house to play for Anant.
c. Why could not they believe?
They thought they were great persons and could not come home and play for the boy.
11. “This is not the last time they are going to play.”
a. Who said these words to whom?
Anant’s mother said this to Anant.
b. What are they going to play?
The Sitar and The Tabla.
c. Why did the speaker say so?
Anant wanted to go to the concert but he was suffering from cancer.
Answer in 8-10 sentences:
1. Why do you think that Smitha and Ravi Shankar deserve the appreciation of readers?
Smitha could not take Anant with her to the concert because he was suffering from cancer.
She went to the concert with her father and enjoyed Ravi Shankar’s recital. She also wanted
her brother to listen to Ravi Shankar’s music. So, she approached Ravi Shankar and told all
about Anant and requested him to come to his house and play sitar. No one could imagine
that a great musician like Ravi Shankar would agree to her request. But he along with tabla
maestro Ustad Allah Rakha played for Anant. Thus Smitha and Ravi Shankar deserve our
appreciation
2. ‘Where there is will, there is way’. How is this saying apt for Smitha?
Smitha and Anant had done things together. Now Anant was ill and could not accompany
Smitha to the music concert. Instead at sitting home and repenting for the loss, she went to
the concert with her father. She also gathered courage to request Panditji to come to her
house and play for Anant. To everyone’s surprise maestros agreed to her request and came
to her house and played for him. It was unbelievable for everyone. Thus we can justify that
‘Where there is will, there is way’ is apt for Smita
3. Smitha was successful in fulfilling her brother Anant’s dream. Describe.
Smita was very considerate to her brother Anath. He was suffering from cancer and he was
not many days to live. he had a great fan of Ravishankar and and dream of attending his
concert. Smita wanted to fulfil the dream so that she attended the concert with her father.
In the concert her mind was thinking only about her brother’s dream. After the concert she
went forward to meet Ravi Shankar and told the dream of her brother and requested him
to come and play for her brother. Ravishankar was very kindhearted. Next day Ravishankar
and Alla Rakha went together to Anant’s home and play for him. Anant felt very happy then
he breathed his last. In this way she fulfilled the dream of her brother Anant.
4. How did Smita enjoy the concert?
Sitting beside her father in the gallery, Smita heard as in a dream the thundering welcome
the audience gave the great master. Then the first notes came over the air and Smita felt as
if the gates of enchantment and wonder were opening. Spellbound, she listened to the
unfolding ragas, the slow plaintive notes, the fast twinkling ones, but all the while the plan
she had decided on the evening before remained firmly in her mind. ‘The chance of a life
time’ She heard Anant’s voice in every beat of the tabla.
JAZZ POEM 2
Answer the following questions in two or three sentences:
1. Give a short description of the Jazz player
The Jazz player has wrinkled old face. He is unshaven and has a tired look. He wears a faded
blue shirt, old necktie and jacket. His shoes too are old and worn out.
2. Why do you think the Jazz player keeps his head down?
The Jazz player is a poor, old man. He has led a hard life. He is tired and keeps his head
down.
3. The word ‘old’ has been repeated several times in the first two stanzas.
Everything about the man is old his face, his clothes and his shoes. He appears to be a
pathetic figure.
4. What message does the Jazz player want to convey?
The Jazz player wants to convey to the world that he is Black man who can draw people
towards him through his music.
5. How does the Jazz player change as he plays on the saxophone?
As the Jazz player starts to play on the Saxophone he is no longer an old Black man. He
produces wonderful music and appears to be like a bird flying higher and higher.
6. How has the Jazz player held his instrument?
The Jazz player has held his instrument across his chest. It is supported by a wire coat
hanger from his neck.
7. ‘He is no longer a man’ says the poet. Who else is he supposed to be if he is no longer a
man?
The Jazz player forgets everything when he plays the music to preach the world. At that
moment he feels like a bird which gathers his wings and flies higher and higher.
Read the extracts and answer the questions that follow
1.“His run down shoes have paper in them and his rough unshaven face shows pain”
a. Who does the word ‘his’ refer to here?
The Jazz player
b. Why do the shoes have paper in them?
The Jazz player is a poor man his shoes are old and torn and he has put paper in them to be
able to wear them.
c. What does the description of the face suggest?
The Jazz player’s face is unshaven which suggests that he does not care for his appearance.
He has led a hard life so his face is wrinkled.
2. “Gently he lifts it now to parted lips, see? To tell all the world that he is a Black man.”
a. What does he lift?
He lifts an old saxophone.
b. What message does he want to convey?
Through music, he wishes to convey the message of God.
c. Name the poem and the poet.
Jazz Poem Two - Carl Wendall Hines, Jr
3. “He is no longer a man. no not even a Black man. but (Yeah!) A Bird.”
a. Who does the word ‘He’ refer to here?
The Jazz player.
b. When is he no longer a man?
As he begins to play on his Saxophone
c. What do these lines suggest?
The Jazz player may be a poor old man, but when he plays he seems to go higher and higher
like a bird. He can capture hearts through music.
Answer the following in 8-10 sentences each.
1. Write the substance of the poem ‘Jazz Poem Two’.
An old Jazz musician is standing like a Black Ancient mariner. His old face is wrinkled and
weary. His faded blue shirt has turned dark with sweat. Blue shirt has turned dark with
sweat. His stomach is hanging loosely. His jacket is worn out and his necktie is undone and
dropping loosely over the jacket. His shoes are torn and are stuffed with paper to cover the
holes. His rough unshaven face shows pain. He stands alone head down, eyes closed and
ears perked. An old saxophone hangs across his chest supported from his neck by a wire
coat hanger. He gently lifts the saxophone to the parted lips. But once he starts playing
music he is no longer a Black man but a bird which gathers his wings and flies high and
higher. He seems to be spreading the message of God through his music.
2. Describe the physical appearance of Jazz? What special skill did he have?
The Jazz player has a rough unshaven face and sagging stomach. He wears a faded blue
shirt, a loose necktie and an old jacket. His shoes are run down. Across his chest is an old
alto saxophone supported from his neck by a wire coat hanger. The Jazz player at first has a
weary expression on his face. He keeps his head down and appears lifeless. When it is his
turn to play, he lifts the saxophone to his lips; suddenly he is filled with a new life. He is no
longer an ordinary may. He is like a bird flying higher and higher, totally lost in the beautiful
music he produces.
UNIT – 6 THE DISCOVERY
Answer the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences each.
1. Give a short description of the appearance of Columbus.
He was a tall, well built man of forty six. His hair was prematurely white, fair complexion
and ruddy.
2. The play began with a song. What mood does this convey?
The seamen who had been away from home for a long time had not sighted land. The song
shows that the seamen were desperate and discontent.
3. ‘There are limits to patience’, said Diego. What does this suggest about Diego’s state of
mind?
Diego along with the seamen were tired of the voyage and wanted to return home, but
Columbus was firm and would not give up. So Diego desperately said these words.
4. Who do you think had the lives of fifty in his hands? How?
Christopher Columbus had the lives of fifty seamen in his hands. He was their captain. The
seamen were tired and wanted to return home but Columbus was firm and would not give
up.
5. What did Columbus feel his worst enemy? Why do you think he feel so?
Columbus felt that his uncontrolled tongue was his worst enemy. He would lose his temper
soon and was easily irritated. He would often speak rudely to his men which made them
angry towards him.
6. ‘Mutiny is an ugly word’, said Diego. Is mutiny an ugly word? If so, why?
Yes, It leads to destruction. It curbs the development of determination, tolerance and faith
in God.
7. How did Pedro try to defend the drunken seamen? Was he right in defending them?
Pedro defended that the drunken seamen were simple men and wanted relaxation. Pedro
was not right in defending the seamen because their drinking was leading to unruly
behavior.
8. Columbus was always furious when he heard the seamen’s song. Why did it make him
angry?
The song expressed the seamen’s love for drinking which was a sign of their deep
discontent. Columbus was angry because they did not understand what he was trying to
achieve.
9. Columbus felt that whatever he did, it was God’s will. What will of God did he like to
fulfill through this venture?
Columbus felt that it was the will of God that he had to discover a new world which would
bring wealth to his country and help them to bring new souls on the path to God.
10. Columbus said, “Would God implant desire to solve mystery and he doesn’t provide
solutions?” Identify the mood of Columbus in saying this?
Columbus had been sailing for many days not yet sighted land. His men were turning
against him. But Columbus felt that if God had sent him he would surely help him find a
way. These words show that he had faith in God.
11. Whose company did Pepe prefer? What was the reason for this?
Pepe preferred to be in the company of Columbus because he had faith in Columbus and he
would not like to be in the company of the seamen because they were desperate and drank
too much.
12. Pepe warned Columbus about some people. Who were they?
Pepe warned Columbus about the other sailors because they drank too much, were
horrible and desperate. They were going against Columbus.
13. How did the seamen show their anger and discontent towards Columbus?
By singing the song, drinking too much, not obeying his order and not showing respect and
discipline the seamen showed their anger and discontent. At last they went to kill him.
14. “Discipline knows no buts” what made Columbus say this?
Columbus wanted to punish Guillermo, who had disobeyed him. So he ordered that
Guillermo should be brought to him. Francisco tried to protest against this. Columbus then
said these words.
15. Why did the Crewmates of Columbus feel desperate?
After sailing for so many days, Columbus and his men could not sight a land. They were
tired and wanted to return to their homes and families. But Columbus did not agree. So
they were desperate.
16. How did Pepe prove his loyalty to Columbus?
Pepe was the only person who had faith in Columbus and tried to warn him about how
desperate the others had become. When the seamen rushed to kill Columbus, he stood
before them with his arms spread out and told them that they would have to kill him first.
17. “This is a voyage of discovery”. What had Columbus set out to discover?
Columbus had set out to discover a new world, where he would find new wealth and a new
territory for his king and queen to rule.
18. According to Columbus, what was the one thing that he had discovered?
Columbus said that he had discovered one thing – that if a man had a vision, he must follow
it alone. He should not expect loyalty, friendship, discipline or obedience from others.
19. Pepe said, “Everybody doubts ......... except me”. Why do you think he is an
exception?
Pepe was loyal to his captain and believed that the captain would reach his destiny when
the other seamen wanted to attack him with anger.
20. Pepe excitedly declared that he was still loyal to the leader. What effect did it have on
others like Juan and Guillermo?
Pepe was the only one who had the faith that Columbus would discover a new world. The
other sailors like Juan and Guillermo rebelled against him and even tried to attack him and
abused Pepe when he came forward to save Columbus from being attacked.
21. Do you consider the ending of the play ‘The discovery’ to be ending happy?
Yes, the ending of the play ‘The discovery ‘is a happy ending. The seamen who were
desperate and not willing to continue their voyage became jubilant and rejoiced their
success.
1. "A good sailor knows his place" says Columbus to Diego”.
a. Was it a piece of advice or an indirect command?
An indirect command.
b. What was 'Diego's reaction?
Diego tried to suppress his anger and with a scowl went off.
c. Why did Columbus say so?
His claim was that only the captain had the right to appear on the quarter deck.
2."The Santa Maria will be lighter for his carcass".
a. Whose words was Pepe quoting here?
Guillermo lres.
b. What do the words reveal about the person who said them?
The speaker was so upset with Columbus that he wished he was dead.
c .What does the word carcass mean here?
Dead body
3. Here’s a keg o’ rum To Kingdom Come! The Devil laughs. But God is dumb!
a. Who sang this song?
The seamen
b. What mood does this song convey?
The seamen who had been away from home for a long time had not sighted land. The song
shows that the seamen were desperate and discontent.
c. Why did they sing?
To show discontent and to keep their spirit
4. "Your duty is to obey me as mine is to obey the Royal Sovereigns of Spain who sent me'.
a. When did Columbus say these words to Guillermo?
Guillermo rebelled against Columbus and demanded that they should give up their search
for a new land.
b. What do these words prove?
These words prove that Columbus was not only a strong leader but was also loyal and
obedient towards his king and queen.
To calm the rebel of Guillermo and the seamen.
d. Who is the speaker here? Columbus
5. "Why should one man have lives of fifty in his hands?"
Diego said these words to Pedro.
b. What does the speaker mean?
Columbus had no right to spoil their lives.
c. What made him to say so?
Diego and other Seamen were becoming impatient and they wanted to go home and
families.
6. "Mutiny is an ugly word, Sir"
a. Why did the speaker say these words?
Pedro asked him whether he was thinking of rebelling against Columbus.
b. In what way the word is ugly?
It is ugly because Mutiny' is a deed which leads to destruction.
c. Why did he say so?
Pedro thought that Diego and the Sea men were entertaining the Mutinous thoughts.
7. "Discipline knows no buts" says Columbus.
a. When did Columbus say this?
When Francisco hesitated to obey his order to bring Guillermo.
b. What did Columbus mean to say by these words?
One should not hesitate to enforce discipline.
c. To what does the word discipline here refer to?
The rules and regulations that the sea men and others to follow on the ship.
8. "Captain, be careful sometimes they are desperate"
a . Who does the word ‘they’ refer to here?
The sea men.
b. Why did the speaker say these words?
Pepe tried to warn Columbus that there could be danger from them anytime.
c. Why were they desperate?
They lost their patience as they left their family since many days back, they wanted to go
back to Spain
9. "What! does that child stand between me and death?"
a. Who is the child here?
Pepe
b.What had the child done?
The child (Pepe) stood at the foot of the stairs to protect him from being attacked by the
seamen.
The seamen rushed towards Columbus to kill him but Pepe tried to protect him.
10. "They ought to stop that. The captain is always furious when he hears it."
a. Who should stop that?
The sailors should stop that.
b. What does 'it' refer to?
'it' refers to the seamen's song.
c. Why is the captain furious to hear that?
The captain Columbus is furious to hear that because he did not like the attitude of sailors.
11."There are limits to patience, sir."
a. Who lost his patience?
Diego lost his patience.
b. Who was he speaking to?
Diego was speaking to Pedro.
c .Why did he speak so?
He lost his patience and wanted to go back to Spain.
12."We're like bats trying to fly by day. It's time he gave way. Why should one man have
the lives of fifty in his hands?"
a. Who is compared to bats?
The seamen are compared to bats flying in the morning.
b. What did the speaker mean?
The speaker meant that the seamen were forced to continue voyage.
c. Who had the lives of fifty in his hands?
Columbus had the lives of fifty in his hands.
13."I do not claim your confidence, sir."
a. Who does the word 'I 'refer to? Who is the 'sir 'here?
'I 'refer to Pedro. Columbus is the 'sir 'here.
b. What was his confident in?
He was his confident in his discovery.
c. What was reason for his not being confidence?
Because Pedro and other sea men were desperate and wanted to go back to Spain.
14."I prefer your company to theirs."
a. Whose company does the speaker prefer to?
The speaker prefers the company of Columbus.
b. Whose company does not he like? Why?
He does not like the company of the seamen because they were desperate and horrible.
c. Who is the speaker? Pepe.
d .Why did he like his company?
He was the faithful servant of Columbus
15. "They are simple men and must have their relaxation. We have not all your visions,
Captain.'
a. Who does the word 'they' refer to here?
'They' refers to the seamen.
B. Who was the captain? What were his visions?
Columbus was the captain. His vision was to discover the New World.
c. What were they doing for relaxation?
They were singing for relaxation.
16. "So far, I have discovered but one thing"
a. Who does the word 'I' refer to here?
Columbus
b. When did the speaker say this?
When Columbus was disappointed with the behavior of seamen
c. What did he discover?
He discovered that ‘when a man is given a vision, he must follow it alone.’
17. "Cowards, Cowards! You will have to kill me first"
a. Who is the speaker and whom did he call cowards?
Pepe is the speaker. He called Guillermo and seamen as cowards.
b. When did the speaker say these words?
When the Seamen tried to attack Columbus.
c. What character does it reveal about the speaker?
Pepe was loyal and obedient to Columbus
18."Stop! What is the meaning of this wild uproar? The first man to move shall spend the
rest of the night in irons!"
a. Who is speaker? Who is he speaking to?
Columbus is speaking to the sailors.
b.Who was making the uproar?
The seamen were making the uproar.
c . Why did he say so?
They were discontented with the voyage. They were home sick.
Answer the following questions in 8-10 sentences each..
1. "Columbus had the will power and had the strength to face obstacles" Justify your
answer.
Columbus and his crew left Spain to discover the new world. He and his men sailed for a
long time but did not come across the trace of any land. The sailors were fed up. They
wanted to go back to their places. They asked Columbus to turn the ship back to their
country. When Columbus asked them to wait for a few days, the crew became angry. The
sailors thought of revolting and even murdering Columbus. One of the sailors rushed
towards Columbus to murder him, Pepe another sailor stopped him and saved the life of
Columbus. Columbus had a lot of patience and encouraged his sailors not to become
desperate. Columbus saw a light faintly flickering rising up and down. The land he
discovered was West Indies. The crew jumped with joy.
2. Give some instances show that Pepe was loyal to Columbus till the end.
Pepe was the only person who had faith in Columbus and tried to warn him out how
desperate other had become. When seamen rushed to kill Columbus, Pepe stopped them
with his arms spread out and told that they would have to kill him first. His loyalty put
others to shame. He hated the seamen as they drank too much. He liked Columbus because
he had a vision, he was a man of principals. He gave much importance to the duty, disciple
and loyalty. He was also an eminent leader. So he always wanted to be in the company of
Columbus.
BALLAD OF THE TEMPEST
Answer the following questions in two or three sentences.
1. Usually storms are formed in the deep sea. What precaution have the sailors got to
take before voyage?
Before setting out on a voyage, sailors have to make sure that the ship is strong enough to
withstand any storm at sea. They have to be well stocked with food and water. They need
life saving jackets and be sturdy swimmers.
2. When the captain shouted ‘We are lost!’ How did his daughter react?
His daughter held his hand and gently asked if God protected them on land would he not
protect them when they are on the ocean.
3. The speaker and his crew-mates sat in darkness and prayed. What did they hear?
They heard the storm raging at sea, then the sailors sat in the darkness and prayed. The
captain staggered down the stairs and shouted ‘we are lost!’.
4. The crew mates kissed the maiden and spoke in better cheers. What made them feel
cheerful?
The little girl asked her father if God protected them on land, would he not protect them on
the sea. Her faith in God brought hope to the sailors and they kissed her in joy.
5. ‘A ship is always safe at the shore, but it is not built for that.’ What does this mean?
A ship is built to take people and goods across the seas. If it just stays on the shore it will no
doubt be unharmed, but would be of no use to anyone.
6. ‘Tis a fearful thing in winter. What is referred to as a fearful thing in winter?
To be caught in a fierce storm at sea in winter is the fearful thing.
7. What would be the condition in the deep sea during winter on the sea?
The winds would be icy cold and the water too would be freezing.
8. The poet uses the phrase ‘The hungry sea’. What can the reader imagine from this?
The poet personifies the sea hungry because when the storm is very severe, the huge
waves will drown the ship and sailors as if the sea is very hungry.
1. 'We were crowded in the cabin, Not a soul would dare to sleep'
a. Who does the word 'we' refer to here?
The sailors
b. Not a soul would dare to sleep-why was it so?
The sailors were afraid that the storm would destroy the ship and their lives.
c. What does the word 'cabin' mean?
Shelter for sleep
2. “Tis a fearful thing in the winter to be shattered by the blast.”
a. What is referred to as a 'fearful thing'?
To be caught in a fierce storm at sea in winter is the fearful thing.
b. How did it affect the sailors?
The sailors lay awake saying a silent prayer in the dark.
c. Where did the fearful thing appear? What did it shatter?
The fearful thing appeared in the mid sea. It shattered the mast of the ship.
3 "We are lost!" The captain shouted.
a. Who does the word 'We' refer to here?
The captain of the ship and his crewmates
b. Why did he say so?
The storm was very fierce and the captain feared that the ship would be torn apart any
moment.
c. How did his daughter react to the situation?
His daughter remained calm. Holding her father's hand she asked if God could protect them
on land would he not protect them on sea
4. "Then we kissed the little maiden and we spake in better cheer."
a. Who was the little maiden?
The captain's daughter
b. Who does the word ‘we’ refer to here?
The sailors
c. Why did they kiss her?
The little girl brought back hope to the sailors by saying that God would protect them. So,
they kissed her.
5. “Isn’t God upon the ocean, Just the same as on the land?”
Captain’s daughter
b. When did the speaker say these words?
When the captain shouted we are lost!’
c. What attitude of the speaker do these words show?
Faith in God
d. How did the statement reflet on the sailors?
They regained their faith, hope and confidence. They reached the harbour safely.
Answer the following questions in 8-10 sentences each.
Write in your own words the substance of the poem 'Ballad of the Tempest’
It was dark, stormy night in winter. A ship was out at sea. Huge waves dashed against the
ship and the roar of the sea filled the sailors with fear. They crowded together in a cabin.
Even the bravest among them could not sleep. They just sat in the darkness and prayed. As
the storm continued, the captain too gave up hope and said that nothing could save them.
At that point, the captain's little daughter held his hand and quietly asked if God protected
them on sea. Her faith in God filled the sailors with a new hope. By morning, the storm
cleared and they reached harbour safely.
UNIT 7 COLOURS OF SILENCE
Answer the following in 2-3 sentences:
1. Why was Satish confined to bed? What was the worst thing for him? Why was it so?
After the accident, satish’s legs became very weak, requiring several operations. He
frequently suffered from bouts of fever and infections of the ear. So he was confined to
bed. He was becoming deaf and he could not bear the silence.
2. How did Satish meet with an accident?
On a holiday in Kashmir, Satish went hiking with his father and brother while crossing a
rickety bridge over some rapids, his foot slipped and he fell into the rapids.
3. Satish didn’t want to go to a new school. What was the reason?
Satish didn’t want to go to a new school where he couldn’t talk to the other children, where
everyone would make fun of his deafness.
4. How did Satish’s brother Inder help him?
Inder sat with Satish for hours with him and talked to him, teaching him words and
pronunciation. He spent time with him, trying to teach him things.
5. What did Satish see at the far corner of the garden? Why did it attract him?
Satish saw a bird at the far corner of the garden. It attracted him because of its longish tail,
black crest and restless energy.
6. Many schools refused to take in Satish. How did it affect him?
Satish became moody and could not talk freely with others. He began to avoid going out to
play with the other children.
7. What effect did the books he read have on Satish?
The books that Satish read was meant for adults that made him feel depressed and left a
deep impression upon his sensitive mind. He came to know that there was so much
suffering in the world and his own world is comfortable in comparison to the world outside.
8. How did the beautiful bird inspire Satish?
Satish stared at the bird for a long time. After it flew away he took out his note book and
pencil and made a sketch of the bird. He soon began to spend a lot of time making different
sketches.
9. Why was Satish’s father against drawing?
Satish’s father felt that artists would not make much money. He wanted a bright future for
his son. He thought that it was possible only by studying hard. He thought drawing as waste
of time.
10.Satish’s parents were both his well-wishers. But each cared for him in a different
way.How?
Satish’s father was optimistic and hoped that Satish’s hearing would come back. Instead of
wasting time on drawing, he wanted Satish to study.
Satish’s mother did not have the hope that he would recover. She was happy that her son
had found good pass time in drawing and she did not want to stop him.
11. Satish’s father accepted that his son’s destiny lay in canvas and paint. What did he
promise to do? How did Satish express his gratitude?
Satish’s father promised to find out the best school of arts so that Satish could make his life
in the field of his choice. Satish’s eyes filled with tears and he hugged his father tightly.
12. Do you think the school you are studying should admit students with disabilities of
hearing? Give reasons.
Yes, my school should admit students with disabilities of hearing because everybody cannot
afford to go to special school. Going to special school may create inferiority complex in
them.
13. Why did Satish's father make expeditions to school? Was he successful? If not why?
Satish was frequently absent from school and he had hearing problem. So every school did
not want him to admit. So Avtar Narain had to make expeditions to schools. But he was not
successful because every school did the same thing for the same reason.
14. Which action of Satish changed his father's attitude?
Satish was busy mixing the colours on his palette. Though he saw his father standing and
staring at his painting, he continued with his mixing. This action of Satish changed his
father's attitude.
15. Why did the new school refuse to admit Sathish? What did the headmaster advise
Sathish’s father?
The headmaster told Mr. Avtar Narain that his school was for normal boys.He advised him
to take his son to the school for the deaf and dumb.
16. Sathish discovered another pastime. What was that?
Painting and sketching was the another pastime he discovered. He began filling pages with
doodles. His strokes were according to his moods. He was good at Urdu calligraphy. So
sketching came to him naturally.
17. After observing Sathish’s interest in painting and drawing, his father got him some
things. What were they?
Sathish’s father went outside and returned home with paint tins, brushes of all sizes and
shapes and several rolls of drawing sheets. He kept them on Sthish’s tablr.
to avoid going out to play with other children.
18. Sathish read a number of books. What effect did the books have on him?
The books made him feel depressed and left a deep impression on his sensitive mind. He
came to know that there was so much suffering in the world.
Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow.
1. "We will have to look for a new school”
Satish's father
b. Why did Satish's father have to look for a new school?
Due to his frequent absence and hearing problem, the school could not keep him.
c. Satish was unhappy about this. What was the reason?
He couldn't talk to other children and where they would make fun of his deafness.
2. “You can learn a great deal of things just by reading"
a. Why did his father encourage him to read?
To get on in life, his father encouraged him to read.
b. Which books did he read?
The books of Lala Lajpat Rai, Munshi Premchand, Sarat Chandra and others.
c. How did reading influence Satish?
It was as if a whole world opened out to him. He realized that there were others who had
suffered more than him.
3. "This is an idle pass time. You would do better to read and get some knowledge".
a. Who said this to whom?
Satish’s father said this to Satish
b. What is an idle pass time according to the speaker?
Drawing is an idle pass time.
c. Why does Satish's father give more importance to reading?
To get on in life, one has to read a lot.
4. “You want to do this very badly, don't you?"
Satish's father
b. Why do you think that the speaker said this?
Though his father was against it, Satish continued to draw and paint.
c. What did he do soon after leaving the room?
He bought paints, brushes of all shapes and sizes and several rolls of drawing sheets.
5. "You will learn arts and make your life in your chosen field"
Satish’s father
b. How did the other person react?
He hugged his father tightly with love
c.When did the speaker say this?
After realized that his son’s destiny lay on canvas .
6."Why do you take away his source of entertainment"?
a. Who asked this?
Satish’s mother
b. What was the source of entertainment?
Drawing was the source of entertainment.
c. Why did he take away his source of entertainment?
He did not want his son to make his life by drawing.
7.“Satish! Why didn’t you come to school yesterday?”
a.Who asked this question?
Satish’s friend Surender asked this question.
b.Why could not Satish go to school yesterday?
Satish was suffering from fever.
c. How many times did he ask this question? And why?
Three times because he had hearing problem.
8.”My son is not dumb, sir! His hearing is a little bad. He is under treatment and will soon
be fine!”He argued, but in vain.
a. Who argued with whom?
Satish’s father argued with the school authorities.
b.Why was his hearing a little bad?
His hearing was a little bad because of ear infection
c. When did the speaker say so?
When the school refused his son to keep in school.
9.”They are for you Satish.I will find out the best school of arts for you. You will learn arts
and make your life in your chosen field.”
a.What does ‘they’ refer to?
‘Painting materials as palette, colours, brushes etc.
b.Who was the person encouraging here? Why?
Satish’s father was encouraging him painting. Finally he understood that his son’s field of
interest was painting.
c.Which is the chosen field here?
Painting is the chosen field here.
10. “Beta, you have to go to school and learn”.
Satish’s father.
b. What is the meaning of ‘Beta’?
Son
c. When did the speaker say so?
Satish refused to go to school
11. “It is no career for a bright boy.”
Satish’s father made this statement.
b. What does ‘It’ refer to?
The word ‘It’ refers to drawing and painting.
c. What made the speaker think so?
Drawing is an idle pastime. He would not make a living out of it.
12. “It was as if a whole world was opened for him.”
a. Who does ‘him’ refer to?
Satish.
b. When did he feel so?
When he read a number of books.
c. What was its effect on him?
After reading the books, He came to know of another world of suffering and anguish.
13. “He saw a bird that was unlike any he had seen before.”
a. Who saw the bird?
Satish
b) What was the most interesting thing about the bird?
The most interesting thing about the bird was its restless energy.
c) What did he do soon after the bird flew away?
He sketched the bird from memory.
14. “We must always be optimistic about his chance of recovering.”
Satish’s parents
b. What was optimistic?
Satish’s chances of hearing.
c. What made him say so?
Satish’s mother had doubt about her son’s chance of recovering.
Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 8-10 sentences.
1. Narrate the circumstances that compelled Satish to stay at home.
One holiday Satish was hiking with his father and brother. They were crossing a rickety
bridge over some rapids. Satish looked down at the swirling water below him. His foot
slipped. He lost his balance and fell into the rapids. As a result of this his legs and head were
injured.’ His legs became weak. He suffered frequently from bouts of fever and ear
infections. He could not hear.
The teacher did not allow him to come to school because he was hard of hearing and
frequently absent for the class. His father tried to get admission for him in some other
school, but in vain. When he went outside to play with children, they teased him. Therefore
he was compelled to stay at home.
2. “Physical disability is no barrier to success”. Justify the statement with reference to the
life of Satish Gujral.
Satish Gujral, met with an accident and became deaf. He was refused admission by schools
because he was not a normal boy. Boys made fun of him and therefore he remained at
home. One day he saw a beautiful bird which had a longish tail and a black crest. That made
him take up drawing and painting. His father admitted him to one of the best schools of
arts. Within a short time, Satish learnt not only drawing and painting but also about life.
Today Satish is one of the best artists in India. Exhibitions of his work have been held all
over the world. He has published four books in arts. The Govt. of India has honoured him
with the Padma Vibhushan. He has also been awarded the Order of the Crown.
3. Describe the bird that Satish Gujral saw from his window. What effect did it have on
him.
One day, when Satish Gujral was looking gloomly into the corner of his garden, he
saw a beautiful bird. He had not seen such a beautiful bird before. It had a longish tail and a
black crest. It had restless energy. Its eyes kept darting here and there, its whole body
ready for flight any moment. Satish stared at the bird for a long moment. When it flew
away, he took out his notebook and pencil and sketched the bird from memory. He got
interested in drawing and painting. His father admitted him to one of the best schools of
arts. Satish became one of the best artists in India.
THE BLIND BOY

Answer the following in 2-3 sentences:
1. “The blessings of the sight” can you list out a few of them?
Day and night, beautiful colours, and the beauty of nature around us are the blessings of
the sight.
2. How does a blind person understand whether it is day or night?
Whenever the blind person is awake it is day, when he is asleep it is night for him. Sun does
not make his day or night.
3. How do others feel about the blind boy? What is his reaction?
People feel sorry for the blind boy and try to show sympathy towards him. The blind boy
says that he does not really understand what he is missing so he does not feel that his life is
miserable.
4. How does the blind boy pacify himself?
People sympathize with the blind boy. But the boy does not want to be unhappy about
what he cannot get. Though he is poor and blind, he feels rich because he is happy.
5. What a normal person can understand is almost a riddle to the blind boy. What is it?
We can recognize day and night. The blind boy can feel the warmth of the sun, but doesn’t
know what ‘shines’ means and how the sun can make day and night because when he falls
asleep it is night and whenever he is awake it is day for him.
6. What is the message of the poem ‘The Blind Boy’?
We should be happy and contented with what god has given us. We should not spoil our
happiness by trying to get what we can’t get.
Read each of the following extracts and answer the questions given below:
1. “ I feel him warm, but how can be or make it day or night?”
a. Who is the ‘I’ here?
The blind boy.
b. Whose warmth does he feel?
The sun.
c. Why does he wonder how he makes day or night?
The blind boy cannot see the sun rising or setting. So he wonders how he can make day or
night.
2. “And could I ever keep awake With me ‘tware always day”
The blind boy
b. What is he trying to convey here?
He cannot see the difference between day and night. To him it is day when he plays and
night when he sleeps. So he says that if he does not sleep it will always be day for him.
c. Why does speaker feel so?
He was blind and could not see.
3. “But sure with patience, I can bear” A loss I ne’ver can know.”
a. What is the 'loss' the speaker cannot know?
The loss here refers to the blessings of sight.
b. How does he face the loss?
The blind boy does not feel sorry for what he cannot have.
c. What does it show about him?
He bears his loss patiently and cheerfully.
4. “ Then let not what I cannot have my cheer of mind destroy.”
a. What made the speaker says these words.
When people felt sorry for the blind boy and felt that he cannot enjoy many things, then
the blind boy said these words.
b. What was the reply of the speaker?
The blind boy does not want to be unhappy about things he can’t get.
c. How does he wish to live?
He wishes to remain cheerful at all times.
V Answer the following in 8-10 sentences
1.“We should feel happy with what he had and never go after what we can’t get”. How
has the poet brought about this message in the poem ‘The Blind Boy.’ OR
Write the summary of the poem ‘The Blind Boy’
This poem peeps into the feelings of a boy who cannot see. The blind boy is the speaker in
the poem. He wonders what light is like for he has never seen it. He wishes to know what
his blessings of sight are. People around him talk of the beautiful things they see. They say
that the sun shines bright but he can only feel the warmth of the sun. He cannot
understand how the sun brings about night and day. To him, day is when he is awake and
night when he sleeps. So if he remained awake it would continue to be day for him. The
blind boy hears people pitying him but he does not feel sorry for himself. He decides that
he will not make himself unhappy over something he cannot get. He would be happy as a
King by being ever cheerful.
SCIENCE AND HOPE OF SURVIVAL
1. According to the author, why do some people choose to become scientists though they
may not earn much money?
They cannot live without science. Science is an exciting adventure and the discovery is the
major reward. Instead of money they get freedom, friendship, teamwork and
independence and they will have the joy of uncovering one of the mysteries of nature.
2. Why were Technical experts summoned by the Soviet Academy of sciences?
The three super powers wanted to come to an agreement, putting a ban on the nuclear
weapon test. But there was a possibility that one of the participants could secretly make an
underground nuclear explosion. The problem was how the other powers could detect this
violation
3. Why did the super powers meet in Geneva?
The three super powers wanted to come to an agreement, putting a ban on the nuclear
weapon test. And also to discuss the problems that could arise as a result.
4. Who will be head hunted by financial institution and pharmaceutical industries?
The people trained in theoretical physics are head hunted by financial institutions, those
trained in frontiers of biological research became founders and directors in the
pharmaceutical industry.
5. Give a few examples which illustrate the writer’s stand that scientists are the most
practical people in the world.
All new technologies, all new brands of industry are the results of research by scientists. It
is through their work that we have medicines, electronics, synthetic fibres, modes of
transport and the green revolution. This proves that scientists are the most practical
people.
6. “A paradox may refer to a person, a thing or a situation that has two opposite features
and therefore seems strange”. In the light of this definition how is MAD a paradox?
The nuclear powers had signed agreement to stop the test of the new nuclear weapons but
if any country violated the agreement and how it could be detected is the paradox.
7. Make a list of lessons that the writer learnt at the Geneva Summit.
As a scientist, the author had people like him all over the world, who could think and
interact as the author. It taught him never feel alone in abroad. It taught him that while
there is science, there is hope of survival and well-being for all of us.
8. What did the threat of mutually Assured Destruction imply?
Due to the nuclear race, each super power had enough nuclear bombs to destroy another
nation in the first strike. It would take 20 minutes for the rockets to reach their target. That
gave the enemy enough time to to send their rockets to the attacking nations resulting the
destruction of both nations.
9. How were the scientists able to work on a solution in spite of political and cultural
differences?
In spite of being on opposite sides of the iron curtain the men worked as scientists. They
were able to work out a common language, based on respect to hard evidence,
indisputable ranking by expertise only, and persistent self-criticism.
10 . How could the Kelis Borok help to solve the problem?
The scientist was doing research on the theory of seismic waves. It turned out that the
problem had a direct connection with the theory of seismic waves.
11. Who can best ensure our safety in the world?
The world is threatened by natural and man-made disasters. It is scientific research which
can really save us. It is through science we develop new methods of disaster preparedness
and prevention. It is the scientists with their tools that are up to the challenge and can
ensure our safety.
12. Name the natural and man-made disasters commonly recognised that the very
survival of our civilisation is threatened.
Natural disasters are earthquakes, volcanos, floods and tsunami. Man made disasters are
economic and social crisis, a massive release of radioactivity from a nuclear waste disposal
and environmental pollution.
13. Which are the two factors that cause Earth tremors?
The earth tremors are caused by two factors.1. by the seismic waves during the earthquake
2. by the underground nuclear explosion.
II. Read the following extracts and answer the questions followed by the extracts.
1. If you are so clever, why are you so poor?
a. Who does ‘You’ referred here?
Scientists
b. Why do they commonly say this?
The scientists prefer to become scientists even though it yields low income.
c. Why are they so poor though they are so clever?
They are least bother about the money.
2. The summons came from the President of Russian (then Soviet) Academy of Sciences.
a. Whom did the summons come for?
The summons came for Keilis Borok.
b. Why was he summoned?
To detect the violation of nuclear weapon test ban agreement.
c. Where was he summoned to?
Geneva.
3. I was absorbed in my problem.
a. Who does ‘I’ referred here?
Keilis Borok.
b. Where was he at that time?
He was in Moscow.
c. What was the problem?
The problem was his research on the theory of seismic waves.
4. At that time every man, woman and child on the Earth lived under the threat.
a. What was the time referred here?
Cold war time.
b. Why did they live under the threat?
Because each superpower had more than enough nuclear bombs to destroy the others in
the first strike.
c. What was the threat?
Nuclear weapon.
5. The three nuclear powers were willing to come to an agreement.
a. Name the three nuclear powers.
The U.K., The U.S.S.R. and The U.S.A.
b. What was the agreement?
Nuclear Test Ban.
c. Why were they willing to come to an agreement?
Because each superpower had more than enough nuclear bombs to destroy the others in
the first strike.
6. The technical experts were summoned to solve the problem that arose.
a. Who summoned the technical experts?
The three superpowers.
b. What was the problem referred here?
The three superpowers signed nuclear test ban agreement. The problem was, if any one of
the nations violate the agreement how to detect it.
c. Why were the technical experts summoned?
to detect the violation.
7. It turned out that this problem had a direct connection with the theory of seismic
waves.
a. What was that problem?
The three superpowers signed nuclear test ban agreement. The problem was, if any one of
the nations violates the agreement, how to detect it.
b. How it had a direct connection with the theory of seismic waves?
The earth tremors are caused by two factors.
1. by the seismic waves during the earthquake 2. by the underground nuclear explosion.
c. In what way, it was concerned to the author?
The author was doing research on the theory of seismic waves - tremors generated by an
earthquake.
8. Suddenly, my theoretical knowledge had a direct application in the area of survival of
the humankind
Keilis Borok.
b. What was the theoretical knowledge referred here?
Knowledge about the seismic waves.
c. How it had a direct application in the area of survival of the humankind?
Keilis Borok had the theoretical knowledge of seismic waves.
9. Scientists and engineers from the opposite sides of the Iron Curtain had to find a
solution.
a. Where were the scientists from actually?
The scientists were from U.K., U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.
b. Why are they referred as the scientists and engineers from the opposite sides of the
Iron Curtain?
During the cold war U.S.A and U.S.S.R. were on the opposite sides as rivalries.
c. What was the solution they had to find out?
They had to find out the underground nuclear tests.
10. This episode taught me.
a. What was that episode?
Geneva meeting of scientists and technologists.
b. Who is the speaker here?
Keilis Borok.
c. What did that episode teach him?
The episode taught him that as a scientist he had people all over the world who think and
interact the way he did. It taught him never to feel lonely abroad.
Answer the following questions in 8-10 sentrences.
1. What was the important decision that the politicians took before Geneva Summit?
What was the problem faced by them to be abide by that decision? How did they over
come it?
The politicians of the super powers took the decision to end the Nuclear Tests. The
problem was the following. Suppose one of the participants had violated this agreement
and secretly made an underground nuclear explosion. The problem is: how can the other
powers detect the violation? They overcame this problem with the collaborative work of
the scientists.
2. Who can best ensure our safety in the world? How could they ensure our safety?
The scientists can best ensure our safety in the world. The scientists invent proper
medicines to cure most of the diseases. They intimate the prior information about storms.
They also provide the information about the new mineral deposits, necessary for the
production of important medicines. They invent weapons as efficient defence from
terrorism. If humanly used, science is their indispensable guardian and caretaker. It is the
scientists with their tools that are up to the challenge and can ensure that we all safely
move with the time.
3. Pursuit of science is an exciting adventure. Support this statement in your own words.
Science is an exciting adventure. The scientists will have the overwhelming feeling of
uncovering yet another one of nature’s mysteries. Scientific research is an exciting venture
into the great unknown and the token of humankind’s survival. The science is neither the
beginning nor the ending. Every research will provide exciting experience. In most of the
fields, after certain extent they become weak and end up their service. In science, the
scientists establish their hold over their subject. They keep experimenting and exploring
throughout their life.
4. How are the scientists able to work in spite of political and cultural differences? What
did Keilis Borok learn by working so?
Scientists and engineers from the opposite sides of the Iron Curtain were all first scientists.
The unifying factor was ‘Science’. They were all able to work on a common language based
on respect to hard evidence, undisputable ranking by expertise only, and persistent self-
criticism. They were working out a solution that eventually allowed politicians to reach one
of the most important decisions of their times: Nuclear Test Ban. Keilis Borok learnt that as
a scientist he had people all over the world who think and interact the way I did. It taught
him never to feel lonely abroad. It taught him that while there is science, there is hope of
survival and well-being for all of us.
OFF TO OUTER SPACE TOMORROW MORNING

1 As the astronaut is flying out of the earth he has doubts about his return. How does he
convey this?
He says that people of the earth could start the count down and take a last look at him.
They could cross out his name from their telephone book.
2. The poet says “calendar and clocks” are useless in space. Give reason.
In space, there would be no day and night, time and seasons. So there would be no need
for any calendar or clock.
3. The speaker has the feeling that he is imprisoned. Why does poet feel like this?
The poet would be alone in his capsule. Nobody would visit him or talk with him nor would
have a friend near him. He would not write or receive any letter. So he was in like solitary
confinement.
4. The speaker says, ‘Tea cups circling around me like planet around the sun’. Why does it
happen only in space and not on the earth?
On the earth there is a force of gravity, so things don’t fly. In space there is no force of
gravity, so things are circling around.
5. How would people on the earth watch astronaut? Would it affect him in any way?
People on the earth watch the astronaut on television or track him through their telescope.
But the astronaut would not care any of this. He would be in his own world in space.
6. Give some instances of daily routine mentioned in the poem?
Daily routine mentioned in the poem are writing mail, posting mail, people visiting others,
milkman knocking door in the morning. In the space the speaker can’t do all in the space as
he is alone in space.
7. Why does the poet feel that he is imprisoned?
In space the astronaut will have no letters, no mail, no friends, or nobody to visit to share
happy moments. He is just confined to a solitary confinement as in jail in the capsule door
of the spacecraft.
Read each of the following extracts and answer the questions given bellow.
1. You can start the Count Down; you can take a last look.
a. Who does You referred here in general?
People in general.
b. Why is he requesting to have a last look?
Because he is going to outer space.
c. Who is the speaker here?
The poet is Norman Nicholson.
2. You can pass me my helmet from its plastic hook.
a. Who does ‘You’ refer to?
People in general
b. What kind of a helmet is that?
The helmet of an astronaut used while going to space.
c. Why does he need a helmet?
Because he is going to outer space.
3. You can cross out my name from the telephone book.
Norman Nicholson.
b. Who does ‘You’ referred here in general?
People in general
c. Why is he requesting to cross out his name from the telephone book?
Because he is going to outer space and he has doubt about his return.
4. There won’t be any calendar, there won’t be any clock.
Norman Nicholson.
b. Where will be no calendar and clock?
In outer space.
c. Why won’t there be any calendar and clock?
There is no time, day or night in outer space.
5. I’ll doze when I’m sleepy and wake without a knock.
a. Who does ‘I’ refer to here?
Norman Nicholson.
b. Why is he saying so?
Because, he is going to space. In space there won’t be day or night.
c. What is the meaning of the word ‘doze’?
Sleep.
6. In solitary confinement as complete as any gaol.
a. What is the meaning of the word ‘confinement’?
Imprisonment.
b. Why does he feel in solitary confinement?
Because he couldn’t come out or meet anybody.
c. Where does he feel so?
In outer space.
7. With the teacups circling round me like the planets round the Sun.
a. Why does the tea cups circling round him?
Because there is no gravitational force in outer space.
b. Where is it happening so?
In space ship in outer space.
c. Identify the figure of speech in the statement.
Simile.
8. Tracking through your telescope my upward shooting star.
a. What is that upward shooting star?
Spaceship.
b. Why do we need a telescope to track it?
It is too far to look with the bare eyes.
c. Where is he going?
Outer space.
9. Then you and every soul on earth can go and blow your top.
a. Who is requesting to blow top?
Norman Nicholson.
b. Why should every soul on earth blow top?
Because the poet is off to outer space.
c. What does the phrase ‘blow your top’ mean?
Explode
Answer the following question in 8-10 sentences.
1. The poet Norman Nicholoson was filled with the excitements and anticipated so many
things. Describe his excitements and anticipations related to his voyage.
The poet Norman Nocholoson is in a great excitement. He asks the readers to start count
down, to take a last look at him, to pass his helmet and to cross out his name from the
telephone book. He says that there won’t be any calendars or clocks in outer space because
there won’t be time, day or night. He can sleep or wake whenever he wants. He is worried
that he can’t write letters or post any mail. He feels that he would be like imprisoned in a
cell. . People on the earth can watch him through the telescope or on their T.V sets but they
won’t matter to him. As the countdown, he is not sure whether he will return
SUPPLEMENTARY READER
NARAYANPUR INCIDENT
Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.
1. Why had the students been marching? How was it an unusual march?
The students had been marching to give a notice to the collector and protest against the
arrest of a school teacher. It was unusual because it went silently without slogans, shouts
and violence. Even though there were policemen, they marched as if the policemen didn’t
exist.
2. Can you guess what the police officer had been talking to the student leaders?
The students met the D.S.P. and handed him a piece of paper. He didn’t even glance at it.
This shows that he might have advised them to stop their agitation and to go back.
3. Babu and Manju were a bit disappointed with the way students were marching. What
was the reason?
The students marched back to their homes silently and Manju and Babu thought that the
students were scared of the police. According to them, the students should have protested.
So they were disappointed.
4 . What had the police expected about the way of protest? How did student leaders
manage the protest?
The police expected the students to shout slogans and cause violence. This would make the
police to arrest them, beat them up and imprison them. But the student leaders thought it
would not be possible to agitate, if they were arrested. So without causing violence, they
gave a notice to the D.S.P.
5. What was there in the mysterious parcel? What suspicion did the police have about
that?
There was a cyclostyle machine in the mysterious parcel. The police suspected that Mohan
and his family were making copies of Mahatma’s speech and some people were hiding to
work against the British.
6. Why had Patil, the sub – inspector come to Mohan’s house? Who believed him? What
was the result?
Patil the sub-inspector came to Mohan’s house to inform about the raid of his house. As he
was a close friend of Mohan’s father, he asked Mohan to give him the cyclostyle machine
and all proof pertaining to the agitation against the British. Mohan’s mother believed him
and allowed him to take away all these things.
7. How do you know that Mohan’s mother was supportive of their struggle?
When Suman and his friend brought the cyclostyle machine, she asked them to keep it in
the puja room. When the sub Inspector came in, initially, she acted as if everything was
normal and nothing revolutionary took place at their home.
8. What do you think is the writer of the incident trying to impress upon the readers?
People wanted to fight against the British and get freedom. Some Indians seemed to
support the British but they were waiting for them to quit India. These people helped the
freedom fighters secretly. The sub-Inspector Patil also indirectly helped Mohan’s family.
AT THE TOP OF THE WORLD
Answer the following in two or three sentences only
1. What makes you think that Dicky Dolma’s life as a girl was sorrowful?
Dicky Dolma lost her mother when she was 11. She lost her elder brother too.
2. What factors encouraged Dolma to take up basic mountaineering course?
Dolma came to know that a mountaineering institute was set up at Manali and it would
give training to those who were interested in climbing mountains. Her friends and her
family members also encouraged her to join this course.
3. Dolma says, “It is not a difficult decision for me to take up the challenge of the lofty
mountains” Why does she say so?
From her childhood, Dolma had been fascinated by the grandeur of the snow clad peaks of
the Himalayas. Her home, in Palchan was surrounded by beautiful mountain peaks.
4. How has Dolma described her preparedness for the task of scaling Mount Everest?
Dolma got training in the mountaineering institute at Manali. Her determination and hard
work helped her to secure ‘A’ grades. She believed that success always follow dedication,
determination and hard work. She used to practice four hours every day before the task of
scaling Mount Everest
5. What was the biggest headache that Dolma had to face besides her physical and
mental problem?
Dolma’s father was bedridden. She was not financially sound and she needed a lot of
money for her father’s treatment, so the family had very little to offer her.
6. What does Dolma say about mountaineering after she returns from Mount Everest?
“Mountaineering” is a tough sport. This thought never comes to me. It is my zeal for the
work. Seeing peaks is a second nature to me. I have never been scared when it comes to
hard work”, says Dolma.
7. What does Dolma say about the view from the top of Mount Everest?
Dolma said that an Everester can feel and understand but cannot be described in words. It
was much breath hearting that she could ever be imagined. The awards that she had been
bestowed stand very low before the view from the above.
8. What can we learn from Dolma’s life?
Whenever hurdles come, we must face them boldly. Dolma’s determination and hard work,
Zeal for the work is emulating.
A GREAT MARTYR EVER CHERISHED
Answer the following questions in 2 or 3 sentences each
1. The writer speaks of the ‘smile’ that welcomes anyone who enters Hanif’s house. What
more do we know about this ‘smile’?
Hanifuddin was a soldier. He participated in the Kargil war in 1999 and sacrificed his life for
the sake of the country. He was then only 25 years old.
2. What did Hanif choose as his mission? Why did he do so?
Hanif knew that life for him was short; he wanted to serve the nation. Therefore he joined
Indian Army as a soldier. He believed that a person working for the nation could change
lives.
3. Life for Hanif in the beginning was never a smooth sail. Why was it so?
Hanif lost his father when he was just eight years old. His mother a vocal artiste, was out
very often with the performance wing. Therefore he became very responsible at a tender
age.
4. The absence of mother from home taught the children something. What was that?
Hanif’s mother a vocal artiste would often have to leave the children alone as she travelled
with the performance wing. The kids became very responsible getting up and getting ready
for school without her having told them and learnt that one’s duty is the most important
thing in one’s life.
5. How does the writer describe the ‘introvert’ Hanif?
Hanif began to make friends only by the time he was 14 years of age. He often went out of
his way to help people. By doing so, he derived joy.
6. How can you say that Hanif was a young man with varied talents and interest?
Haniff dabbled in art, sketched very well. He made beautiful cards out of waste material. He
read books and loved playing drums.
7. What were the dreams of Hanif? Do you think were they fulfilled?
Hanif had dreamt that he would rise up the ranks. This dream could not be fulfilled
because he was killed in the Kargil war at the age of 25. His another dream was that a post
be named after him. That dream came true when the sub-sector was named after him as
subsector- Hanif.
THE BIRD OF HAPPINESS
1. How can you say that the people in the poor area of Tibet were unhappy?
The poor area had no rivers or good land, no warmth or fresh flowers, no trees or green
grass. The people suffered from hunger and cold all year round. So they were unhappy.
2. What did the old folk of Tibet say about happiness?
The old folk used to say that happiness was a beautiful bird living on a snowy mountain for
away in the east .Wherever the bird flew happiness went with it.
3. Who was selected to find the bird of happiness? What was done on his departure?
An extremely bright boy named Wangjia was selected to find the bird of happiness. On his
departure the girls offered him barley wine and the mothers spread barley grains on his
head to wish him a good journey.
4. What did the first monster ask Wangjia to do? What did he say? What punishment did
he give?
The first monster told Wangjia that if he wanted to find the bird of happiness he would
have to kill Lousang’s mother first. To this Wangjia replied that he loved his own mother
and would never kill another person’s mother. So the first monster made him to walk 900
miles across scree.
5."Will lever make it?" Why did Wangjia feel so?
In anger, the first monster blew through his beard and the smooth road became a vast
scree. Every stone on it was as sharp as a knife. As Wangjia walked on it, his boots got torn
his feet got cut and his hands were torn to shreds. The journey was very tough. So, he
thought if he would ever make it.
6. Why did Wangjia decide not to go back?
Though the journey was very tough, Wangjia decided not to go back. He knew that the
people at home were waiting for him to bring back happiness. He did not want to betray
the people who had believed and sent him.
7. What did the second monster ask Wangjia to do? What did he say?
The second monster told Wangjia that if he wanted to find the bird of happiness he would
have to poison old gaffer Silong. To this he replied that he was fond of his own grandpa and
he would never kill another man’s.
8. How was Wangjia made to suffer by the second monster?
The second monster blew through his beard. His bread bag flew into the sky. The Blue
Mountains and green rivers turned into a desert. Wangjia suffered with no food. At first his
stomach rumbled with hunger, his head swam and got sharp pain in his guts.
9. What did the third monster warn Wangjia? What was his reply?
The third monster warned wangia that if he wanted to see the bird of Happiness. He would
bring Bhima’s eyeball lf he failed, the monster, would gouge out wangjia's eye balls. He
replied the third monster that no one had the right to destroy a girl’s pretty eyes.
10. How was the last journey of Wangjia different from the previous ones?
In the first journey, Wangjia had food eyesight and in the second he had eyesight and was
able to see his path. But in the last journey, he did not have eyesight. His eyeballs were
gouged out by the third monster. He had to move groping his way with his hands on the
ground.
11. What changes came over Wangjia as the Bind of Happiness caressed him?
As the bind of Happiness caressed him gently with its wings and sang for him, his eyeballs
flew back to their sockets, he saw much more brightly than before. All his wounds were
healed and he was stronger than ever.
12. How many times did the bird cry? What was the result?
The bird gave three loud cries. At the first cry warm breeze came down from the sky. At the
second cry forest appeared, fruits and flowers bloomed together. At the third cry rivers and
fields came into view.
VOCABULARY
HOMOPHONES
 To = I go to Mysore.  Right = This is my right hand. / My
Too = I eat sweets. I eat fruits too. answer is right.
Two =I have two eyes.  Write = I write poems.
Rite = We perform final rites. Beer = Don’t drink beer.
 Principal = Chandrashekar is our  Blue = The sky is blue.
principal. Blew (past form of blow)= Krishna
Principle=He has good principles. blew his flute.
 Pray = I pray God every day.  Knew (past of know)= I knew
Prey = The lion got its prey. English.
 Week = Seven days make a week. New = This is a new car.
Weak = You are very weak.  Idol = This is an idol.
 Adopt = Lakshmibai adopted a child. Idle = Don’t sit idle.
Adapt =Birds are adapted for flying. Ideal = I am an ideal student.
Adept = He is an adept in batting  Bridal = The bridal dress is costly.
 Accept = Vivekananda accepted Sri Bridle = The bridle is soft.
Rama Krishna as his guru.  Buy = I buy a scooter.
Except = I like all fruits except By = Ravana was killed by Rama.
orange.  Cell = The cell is the unit of life.
 Advice = It is a good advice. Sell = Sell your car
Advise = The doctor advised not to Shell = The sea shell is beautiful.
eat oily food.  Cereals = We eat cereals.
 Practice = Practice makes one Serial = I watch serials. / My serial
perfect. number is 25.
Practise = Practise well for exams.  Dairy = We buy milk in the dairy.
 Effect = The effect of the flood was Diary =I write diary daily.
very bad.  Deer = This is a deer.
Affect = The flood affected the Dear = You are my dear brother.
people of Karnataka.  Die = The dove died.
 Hair= My hair is black. Dye = Dye your hair.
Heir = Tippu sultan was the heir of  Fair =This is a fair.
Hyder Ali. Fare = The bus fare is Rs. 20.
Hare = The hare lives in the forest. Fire = Don’t fire crackers.
 Been = I had been to Mysore.  Feat = It is a great feat.
Bean = I eat beans. Feet (plural of foot) I am five feet
 Be = I want to be a doctor.  Won =India won the match.
Bee = The bee is an insect. One =I need one day leave.
 Brake = Please apply the brake.  Wait = Don’t wait for me.
Break = Don’t break the sticks. Weight = My weight is 60 kgs.
 Bear = The bear is an animal.
MORE EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks with appropriate word.
 We had............many apples to carry.(to/too/two)
 I ..............a horse at the Marina beach. (road/rode)
 Did you have a ..........for lunch?(pare/pair)
 The books are over.............on the shelf.(their/there)
B. Fill in the blanks with a suitable homophone and a complete the story.
This is a………..(storey/story) told by a …………(night/knight).Once he received letter. When
he……(red/read)it…….(through/threw),he could not believe his own eyes……(For/Far), it was
written………(buy/by)none other than the queen of the land. She asked him to meet
her……..(at/yet) a secret place. The knight was in a fix. But he thought ……….(of/off) a plan
to tide over this problem. He…….(vent/went) to the meeting place, not alone, but along
with his……(fair/fare)wife. Can you guess what happened then?
C. Complete the sentence by using a suitable word in the bracket:
 Once a ....went to meet our ...... Chief minister S. M. Krishna. (former/farmer)
 Raju and I went to a shop to .......dresses......a car.(by/buy)
 Yesterday I watched a movie. I already......the story from my brother. So it did not
seem .... to me. (new/knew)
 I have ..... the scene of Sunset at Agumbe many times in my life. (seen, scene)
 Can you Please come ...................? (here, hear)
 The merchant stayed in an…… (inn, in)
 The book is......................the bag. (inn, in)
 Did you .......................your friend? (meet, meat)
 The butcher sells……..(meet, meat)
 The idol is made of .......................(steal, steel)
 Why did you ................. his pen? (steal, steel)
 Switch ................... the light. (off, of)
 Children are fond ................. sweets. (off, of)
 Uma sleeps on the .................(caught, cot)
 The police officer ....................... the robber. (caught, cot)
 Ravi is my ....................... friend. (dear, deer)
 The ............................ runs fast. (dear, deer)
 Chikmagaluru is ....... away from Delhi (far, for)
 Who do you vote .................? (far, for)
 The ........... form of the word 'broken' is 'break'. (route, root)
 We do not know what .............. to follow. (route, root)
 ............... is cold. (eyes, ice)
 We see with our .................. (eyes, ice)
 Vasu is ......... in his own way. (right, write)
 Do you ................. books? (right, write)
 Have you seen Arabian ..........? (see, sea)
 Can you ........................... clearly? (see, sea)
 Let his ......... be rest in peace. (sole, soul)
 Mallapa became the .................... owner of the property. (sole, soul)
 India wants .......... (piece, peace)
 She ate a ................... of bread. (piece, peace)
 Radha doesn't .......... Sanskrit. (no, know)
 There is .............................. water in the bottle. (no, know)
 This is the .......... warning. (lost, last)
 I .......................... my watch. (lost, last)
 Swimming is a good .............. (practise, practice)
 Some students ....................... cricket every day. (practise, practice)
 Why did you ............ the jug? ( brake, break)
 Every vehicle should have a .................. ( brake, break)
 The ........... book contains 50 leaves. (check, cheque)
 There is a ...................... post in our town. (check, cheque)
Use in your own sentences
 (Prey. Pray)  (would, wood)  (Principal, principle)
 (tail, tale)  (one, won)  (diary, dairy )
 (some, sum)  (their, there)  (heir, hare)
 (weight, wait)  (ones, once)  (story, Storey)
 (compliment,  (cough, calf)  (dyed, died)
complement)  (sight, site)  (week, weak)
Antonyms
1. Difficult X Easy 32. Careful X Careless 64. Tell X Ask
2. Full X Empty 33. Sweet X bitter 65. Buy X Sell
3. Broad X Narrow 34. High X Low 66. Right X Wrong
4. Kind X Cruel / Unkind 35. Wise X Foolish 67. Right X Left
5. Lose X Gain 36. Presence X absence 68. Remember X Forget
6. Life X Death 37. Help X Hinder 69. Give X Take
7. Dirty X Clean 38. Ignorant X Intelligent 70. Master X Servant
8. Weak X Strong 39. Clever X fool 71. Master X Student
9. Reward X Punishment 40. Mighty X Weak 72. Big X Small
10. Soft X Hard 41. Useful X Useless 73. Friend X Enemy
11. Bold X Timid (coward) 42. Permanent X 74. Vanish X Appear
12. Laugh X Weep Temporary 75. Glad X Grieve
13. Arrive X Depart 43. Proud X Humble 76. Fast X Slow
14. Arrival X departure 44. Quick X Slow 77. Superiority X
15. Same X Different 45. Lenient X Strict Inferiority
16. Long X Short 46. Heavy X Light 78. First X Last
17. Slow X Fast 47. More X Less 79. Dream X Realize
18. Accept X 48. Remember X Forget 80. Alive X Dead
Reject/Refuse 49. Safe X Danger 81. Celebrate X Mourn
19. Young X old 50. Certain X Doubt 82. Affluent X Poor
20. True X False 51. Below X Above 83. Generous X Miser
21. Right X Wrong 52. Reprimand X Praise 84. Good X Bad
22. Rich X poor 53. Achievement X Failure 85. High X Low
23. Brave X Timid 54. Profit X Loss 86. Active X Passive
24. Encourage x 55. Initially X Finally 87. Outer X Inner
Discourage 56. Serious X Casual 88. Famous X Notorious
25. Patriot X Traitor 57. Great X Silly 89. Best X Worst
26. Triumph X Defeat 58. Grieving X Enjoying 90. Stronger X Weaker
27. Superior X Inferior 59. Bitter X Sweet 91. Special X Ordinary
28. Intelligent X Dull 60. Strong X Weak 92. Silly X Great
29. Always X Never 61. Mighty X Feeble 93. Together X Singly
30. Demolish X Construct 62. Miser X Generous 94. Attack X Defend
31. Success X Failure 63. Come X Go 95. Heavy X Light
96. Defeat X Victory (win) 118. Full X Empty 141. Interesting X Boring
97. Proud X Humble 119. Notice X Ignore 142. Begin X End
98. Reward X Punish 120. Poverty X Richness 143. Suffer X Enjoy
99. Aristocratic X poor 121. Foolish X Wise 144. Open X Close
100. Generosity X 122. Empty X Full 145. Large X Small
Miserliness 123. Clever X Foolish 146. Appeal X Command
101. Oblige X Refuse 124. Order X Request 147. Request X Order
102. Dry X Wet 125. Beautiful X Ugly 148. Strength X Weakness
103. Won X Lost 126.Attractive X Repulsive 149. Increase X Decrease
104.Acknowledge X Reject 127. Ever X Never 150. Expand X Contract
105. Widow X Widower 128. Prolific X Barren 151. Fast X Slow
106. Lady X Gentleman 129. Open X Close 152. Highest X Lowest
107. Hard X Soft 130. Save X Spend 153. Feat X Failure
108. Patriot X Traitor 131. Cool X Hot 154. Easy X Difficult
109. Less X More 132. Frown X Smile 155. Mighty X Feeble
110. Silent X Noisy 133. Bud X Flower 156. Native X Foreign
111. Mean X Great 134. More X Less 157. Tough X Smooth
112. Brave X Coward 135. Leader X Follower 158. Never X Always
113. Glad X Sad 136. Former X Later 159. Wrong X Right
114. Happy X Unhappy 137. New X Old
115. Quit X Join 138. Ancient X Modern
116. Present X Absent 139. Virtue X Vice
117. Stop X Allow 140. Quickly X Slowly
Prefixes
IN  Effective x ineffective
 Ability x inability  Expensive x inexpensive
 Accurate x inaccurate  Sufficient x insufficient
 Active x inactive  Valid x invalid.
 Adequate x inadequate  Visible x invisible
 Animate x inanimate  Glorious x inglorious
 Applicable x inapplicable  Gratitude x ingratitude
 Appropriate x inappropriate  Human x inhuman
 Capable x incapable DIS
 Comparable x incomparable  Advantage x disadvantage
 Complete x incomplete  Agree x disagree
 Consistent x inconsistent  Allow x disallow
 Convenience x inconvenience  Appear x disappear
 Correct x incorrect  Approve x disapprove
 Decent x indecent  Believe x disbelieve
 Discipline x indiscipline  Comfort x discomfort
 Definite x indefinite  Connect x disconnect
 Direct x indirect  Continue x discontinue
 Divisible x indivisible  Count x discount
 Harmony x disharmony  Partial x impartial
 Honest x dishonest  Patient x impatient
 Honour x dishonour  Perfect x imperfect
 Interest x disinterest  Perfection x imperfection
 Like x dislike  Permanent x impermanent
 Loyal x disloyal  personal x impersonal
 Obedient x disobedient  Possible x impossible
 Obey x disobey  Polite x impolite
 Place x displace  Probable x improbable
 Integrate x disintegrate  Precise x imprecise
 Please x displease  Proper x improper
 Respect x disrespect  pure x impure
 Satisfy x dissatisfy
 Similar x dissimilar UN
MIS  Known x unknown
 Behave x misbehave  Certain x uncertain
 Calculate x miscalculate  Clean x unclean
 Chance x mischance  Comfortable x uncomfortable
 Conduct x misconduct  Common x uncommon
 Fortune x misfortune  Employment x unemployment
 Guide x misguide  Even x uneven
 Handle x mishandle  Fit x unfit
 Judge x misjudge  Faithful x unfaithful
 Lead x mislead  Fortunate x unfortunate
 Place x misplace  Grateful x ungrateful
 Spell x misspell  Happy x unhappy
 Spelt x misspelt  Healthy x unhealthy
 Manage x mismanage  Important x unimportant
 Print x misprint  Lucky x unlucky
 Understand x misunderstand  Pleasant x unpleasant
 Trust x mistrust  Reliable x unreliable
 Use x misuse  Satisfactory x unsatisfactory
IM  Popular x unpopular
 Balance x imbalance  Load x unload
 Material x immaterial  Heard x unheard
 Mature x immature  Successful x unsuccessful
 Measurable x immeasurable.  Natural x unnatural
 Memorial x immemorial  Necessary x unnecessary
 Mobile x immobile  Selfish x unselfish
 mobilize x immobilize  Touchable x untouchable
 Mortal x immortal  Worthy x unworthy
 Modest x immodest  Tidy x untidy
 Moral x immoral  Usual x unusual
 Movable x immovable  Well x unwell
 Mutable x immutable  Equal x unequal
IL  Legible x illegible
 Health x ill health  liberal x illiberal
 Favour x ill favour  Literate x illiterate
 Legal x illegal  Logical x illogical
SUFFIXES
Write the suffix for the following words.
 Truth - Truthful  Dictate – Dictation
 Selfish – Selfishness  Admit – Admission
 Colour – Colourless  Educate – Education
 Appoint – Appointment  Decide – Decision
 Exam - Examination  Resign – Resignation
 Child – Childish  Accept – Acceptance
 Collect - Collection
 Attach – Attachment
 Courage- Courageous
 Honest – Honesty
 Science – Scientific
 Neat – Neatness  Judge – Judgement
 Comfort - Comfortable  Differ – Difference
 Wise – Wisdom
 Reflect - Reflection
 Necessary – Necessity
 Champion - Championship
 Decide – Decision
 Employ - Employment  Forgive – Forgiveness.
PHRASES
Pick out the right phrase:
 The match was ...................... due to heavy rain. (put off/put out) put off
 The bird ........................... the statue. (flew over/flew on) flew over
 Many soldiers ....................... the war. (died of/died in) died in
 Many people .......................... plague. (died of/died in) died of
 The teacher could not ..........what he had written. (make up/make out) make out
 Ramu ...................... his mind to study hard. (made up/made out) made up
 The crowd ........................ to the chief guest. (gave away/gave way) gave way
 The chief guest ………….. the prizes. (gave away/gave way) gave away
 Smita was ............................ the lost book. (looking into/looking for) looking for
 Mother advised Neha to .................. junk food. (give up/give in) give up
 Don’t ................... others for help. (depend at/depend on) depend on
 A Happy man was .......... what he had. (contented with/contented at) contented with
 Akbar ................... his uniform and rushed hurriedly.(put on/put out) put on
 Jaya ................... walk to school daily. (used for/used to) used to
 We should not ....... the old people. (look down at /look down upon) look down upon
Use the following phrasal verbs in grammatically correct sentences.
 Put off  Died of  Give away
 Flew over  To make out  Look into
 Get up  Knock on  Look for
 Depend on  To stay with  Cut down
 Put out  Look upon  Set out
 Thirst for  Put on  Wait for
 Jump into  Look forward  Look down upon
 Believe in  Burst into
 To work for  Give in
Collocations
A B
 1. Book – worm, ant, hand, pen
 2. Long – small, hen, run, food
 3. earth – land, water, quake, sun
 4. railway – station, chair, run, stop
 5. post – book, box, paper, table
 6. honey – moon, sun, star, earth
 7. wall – door, table, clock, journey
 8. blood – post, water, book, bank
 9. photo – studio, table, lady, man
 10. money – coins, letter, stamps, order
 11. Charming – girl, hot, answer, book
 12. self – discipline, myself, mother, Stars
 13. wheel – stool, paper, book, chair
 14. police – nurse, conductor, constable, stand
 15. hand – pants, sari, socks, kerchief
 16. twinkling – stars, moon, sun, earth
 17. break – lunch, dinner, fast, last
 18. freedom – fighter, boxer, wrestler, swimmer
 19. leave – answer, question, letter, box
 20. brisk – run walk, sing, dance
 21. shake – leg, mouth, hands, eye
 22. mouth – talking, eating, watering, licking
 23. nuclear – land, weapon, bottle, bolt
 24. speedy – recovery, damage, task, time
 25. lay – sleep, emphasis, bed, run
One word for the given statement
Give one word for the following:

 One who enters the house to steal. (Burglar)
 To speak in a very kind way. (Polite)
 To talk in a low voice. (Whisper)
 To make movements with hands. (Gesture)
 Lower the body close to the ground. (Crouch)
 One who travels to workplace daily. (Commuter)
 The man that a woman is engaged to. (Fiancé)
 A person who loves his country. (Patriot)
 A piece of land which fruit trees are grown. (Orchard)
 A person who makes figures in stone, wood, metal etc. (Sculptor)
 A person who is especially good at some art or achievement. (Wizard)
 An angry look/expression of anger. (Scowl)
 Feeling in a way that things will not improve. (Gloomily)
 Say something not clearly enough. (Mumble)
 A deep breath taken when surprised. (Gasp)
 A small narrow stream or river. (Creek)
 Look at the thing fixedly for a long time. (Stare)
 Suffocation makes one breathless. (Choke)
 Event not easily understood. (Mystery)
 To get something back. (Redeem)
 Narrative composition in rhythmic verse suitable for singing. (Ballad)
 The place where ships halt. (Harbor)
 Show sorrow or regret. (Mourn)
 Sound indicating sadness. (Sigh)
 A state that continues to live or exist. (Survival)
 A new activity that involved risk. (Venture)
 Part of the spacecraft separated from the main. (Capsule)
 A person who is unable to walk or move properly. (Cripple)
 One who looks at the bright side of things. (Optimist)
 One who looks at the dark side of things. (Pessimist)
 A conversation between two persons.(Dialogue)
 One who can't speak. (Dumb)
 One who can't hear. (Deaf)
Correct form of the word
Fill in the blanks with appropriate form of the word given in brackets:
 A son was ..........to the king and his ....... was celebrated in the palace.(born) born, birth
 The Police .... the thief but his ..... was not answered. (question) questioned, question
Edison .... bulb and his ... is used throughout the world. (invent) invented, invention
Some people ...... that their ..... are always right. (think) think, thoughts
Don Anselmo ...... to sign the ..... (agree) agreed, agreement
Air ....... everywhere but its ...... cannot be seen. (exist) exists, existence
Doctors ... patients to exercise, but their ... are neglected. (suggest) suggest, suggestions
An .... letter was posted to the ..... candidate. (appoint) appointment, appointed
He ..... huge amount in dairy farming. His ....went down. (invest)invested, investment
Doctor ... the patient and sent his .... report to his senior.(exam) examined, examination
For Practice
 India is a ……….country( develop)
 Suresh is an………. Man(honour)
 Cricket is an………. Game(interest)
 He was ………. In keeping the news secret(success)
 Are you really………. In the subject? (interest)
 I need you………. At this moment (present)
 The more expensive articles are not ……….better (necessary)
 Leelavathi has………. In her students ability (confident)
 She writes……….(beatuty)
 She solved the problem………. (intelligent)
 ……. Is the foundation of democracy(educate)
 The sunset is a ……. Sight (beauty)
 He bought the land for …….(develop)
 People need to be ……. On the dangers of drug taking.(educate)
 Our relationship is based on mutual……. (depend)
 There is no……. in the results (differ)
 He looked at me in……. (confuse)
 The Tata Institute is recognized as a centre of……. In research (excel)
 The product is still at a ……. Stage. (develop)
 Anil Kumble is a highly ……. Bowler. (depend)
 He has done the work……. (satisfy )
 Sarala is a ……. Girl (truth)
 The teacher has made ……. in my note book (correct)
 Andy was a ……. (simple)
 Don’t take hasty……. (decide)
Syllabication
Three letter having one syllable

Oft, Sun, Bus, Few, Act, Bid, Red, One, Cat, Bus, Act, Bid, Red, One, Cat.
Four letter having one syllable
Raid, Dumb, Moon, Slew, Iife, Base, Head, Plot, High Soul, Fear, Week, Head, Rage, Base,
Door, Drop, Yard, Heat, Cord, Vile, Path, Love, Fear, Step, Sack, Soul, Week.
FIVE LETTERS HAVING ONE SYLLABLE
Sword, Steel, Sweep, Tongue, Wrong, Spoke, Cause, Worse, Crown, Blame, Mourn, Scene,
Break, Dumb, Faith, Count, Glove, Steep, Knees, Snake, Pause, Month, Bomb, Month.
SIX LETTERS HAVING ONE SYLLABLE
Cheeks, Yelled, Tongue, Rhythm, School.
Write the number of syllables that the following words have.
 Accept – Ac-Cept =2  School – School =1

 Again – A-Gain =2  People – Peo-Ple =2
 Canteen – Can-Teen =2  Primary – Pri-Ma-Ry =3
 Conscience – Con-Sci-Ence =3  Section – Sec-Tion =2
 Reflection – Re-Flec-Tion =3  Taller – Tal-Ler =2
 Direction – Di-Rec-Tion =3  English – Eng-Lish =2
 Quiz – Quiz =1  Anger – An-Ger =2
 Whole – Whole =1  Ago – A – Go =2
 Continent – Con-Ti-Nent =3  Probability – Pro-Ba-Bi-Li-Ty =5
 Adventure – Ad-Ven-Ture =3  Determine –De-Ter-Mi-Ne =4
 Determine – De-Ter-Mine =3  Idea – I-Dea =2
 Wide – Wide =1  Vanish – Va-Nis =2
Jumbled letter words
The spelling of a word is jumbled write the word.
 Olyla – Loyal  Lgaem – Gleam  Rreor – Error
 Ggrade – Ragged  Trmcou – Tremour  Diayl – Daily
 Dede – Deed  Lasoce – Solace  Maitbion – Ambition
 Baoed – Abode  Zoed – Doze  Suonmm – Summon
 Areg – Rage  Lbssening – Blessing  Egare – Eager
 Rcawl –Crawl  Stpudi – Stupid  Fare – Fear
 Obthre – Bother  Odutb – Doubt  Beonck – Beckon
 Flitre – Trifle  Sotaliry – Solitary  Rpeytt – Pretty
 Rftalet – Flatter  Gola –Goal
 Lgisetn – Glisten  Areg – Rage
Rearranging the words in the correct order.
Re arrange the words in the proper order.
 Raju / intelligent / industrious / neither / is / nor
Raju is neither intelligent nor industrious.
 Room/the/in/have/I/can/a/burning/lamp?/
Can I have a lamp burning in the room?
 Steel/above/hands/the /her/railing/for/reached/
Her hands reached for the steel railing above.
 Better/you/make/walk/in/a/the/feel/park/might/
A walk in the park might make you feel better.
 Carcass/the/his/Santa Maria/for/will/the/be/lighter/
The Santa Maria will be lighter for his carcass.
 Radha/Does/film/?/sing/songs
Does Radha sing film songs?
 sight/what/beautiful/a/!/
What a beautiful sight!
 your/how/treat/parent s/do/you
How do you treat your patients?
 snakes/afraid of/you/are
Are you afraid of snakes?
 the/took/he/deed/the/signed/and/money
He took the money and signed deed.
 with/?/do/argument/whose/with/agree
Whose argument do you agree with?
 the/agree/price/you/with/Do?
Do you agree with the price?
 poor/Tibet/was/very/area/there/a/in
There was a poor area in Tibet.
 so/special/music/about/?/What’s
What’s so special about music?
 walking/a/bridge/he/along/was/narrow
He was walking along a narrow bridge.
GRAMMAR
Frame questions to get the underlined words as answers
 Radha goes to market to buy vegetables.
Why does Radha go to market?
 Suresh is living in Mumbai.
Where is Suresh living?
 Anitha has answered all the questions perfectly.
How has Anitha answered all the questions?
 We celebrate Teacher’s day on September 5th.
When do we celebrate teacher’s day?
 They have been demanding for 50 houses.
How many houses have they been demanding for?
 Girish gave a handful of rice to the begger.
How much of rice did Girish give to the begger?
 Geetha had written Kannada book.
Which book had Geetha written?
 Rajesh was searching for a doctor.
Who was Rajesh searching for?
 She will want her success.
What will she want?
 The Ganga is a sacred river.
What kind of a river is the Ganga?
 We come to school to study well.
Why do we come to school?
 Some people may get up at 6.A.M.
Who may get up at 6 a.m.?
 Rame Gowda must drive the car once in a week.
How often must Rame Gowda drive the car?
 Kadur is 40 kilo meters away from Chikmagalur?
How far is Kadur from Chikmagalur?
 This is Radha’s book?
Whose book is this?
Read the conversation and choose the question to get the italicized sentence as answer.
1. Teacher : Do You know Cariyappa?
Student : Yes, General Cariyappa was a man of principles.
a. Why was he man of principles?
b. Who was a man of principles?
c. How was he man of principles?
d. Whom was he man of principles?
2. Ramu : Mr. and Mrs. Gupta had arranged a Diwali party.
Somu : Were you invited?
a. Why Mr. and Mrs. Gupta had arranged a party?
b. Where did Mr. and Mrs. Gupta arranged?
c. Who had arranged a party?
d. When did Mr. and Mrs. Gupta arrange a party? Ans:c
3. Mani : Yesterday we visited Mysore Zoo.
Monu : Mysore Zoo is one of the best zoos in India.
a. When is one of the best zoos in India?
b. What is one of the best zoos in India?
c. Which is one of the best zoos in India?
d. How is one of the best zoos in India? Ans:c
4. Syed : Shahjahan built Tajmahal in memory of his wife Mumtaz.
Savitha : Yes, it is one of the seven wonders of the world.
a. What did Shahjahan build in memory of his wife?
b. When did Shahjahan build in memory of his wife Mumtaz?
c. Which did Shahjahan build in memory of his wife Mumtaz?
d. When did Shahjahan build in memory of his wife Mumtaz?
5. Anil : Mom, I want Some more sugar for my coffee.
Mom : It is on the Kitchen Shelf.
a. Where is sugar?
b. Why is sugar?
c. Which is sugar?
d. How is sugar? Ans:a
6. Sita : I’m going for shopping to buy a sari.
Mom : Mysore silk is the costliest sari.
a. Which is the costliest sari?
b. What is the cost of the sari?
c. Where do we buy Mysore silk sari?
d. When do you buy Mysore Silk sari?
7. Ram : My brother is going to the United States.
Mom : He is going to study M S.
a. Why is he going to United States.?
b. Where is he going?
c. When is he going United States.?
d. Who is going to United States.?
8. Janaki : I did not see Asha for past 3 days.
Rani : Asha had been to Bengaluru.
a. When had Asha been to Bengaluru?
b. Where had Asha been?
c. Why had Rani gone to Bengaluru?
d. When did Rani go to Bengaluru?
9. Vishnu : Why did you not come for evening walk yesterday?
Vinu : I went to Yoga class at 5 p.m.
a. How did Vinu go to yoga class?
b. Where was the yoga class?
c. Whom did Vinu meet in yoga class?
d. When did Vinu go to yoga class?
10. Teacher : Does anyone wish to entertain the class?
Mom : Sir, Mamatha will sing classical songs.
a. What song will Mamatha sing?
b. When will Mamatha sing the song?
c. Where will Mamatha sing the song?
d. Why will Mamatha sing the song?
Frame questions( For practice)
 Usha borrowed a book from her friend.
 Government school students go to school on bicycles.
 The farmer bought a cow in the market.
 Lava borrowed Ravi's dictionary.
 Gayathri goes to Mumbai to meet her daughter.
 The officer inspects our office tomorrow.
 My sister's wedding is on 20th March.
 The minister spoke to me.
 The child broke the jug.
 The student came to school late because he missed the bus.
 The box is on the table.
 Mahesh is 40 years old.
 Lalitha's necklace is made of gold.
 Guru spends his time usefully.
 Suresh works in Canara Bank.
 Girija keeps her jewels in the box.
 Pooja goes to Hubli to guide teachers.
 Deshapande distributed books to all the teachers.
 Some people get up at 5 a.m.
 Rame Gowda drove the car very fast.
PREPOSITION
Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions
 Her hands reached ....... the steel railing above, but finding only air. Roma was
thrown out...........the coach. for, of.
 The clattering roar …….... the train muffled the thud of her fall ……... to the
ground more than a meter below. of, on
 It took months of negotiation .... come to an understanding … the old man. to, with
 Anant would be cured ....... the hospital and he would again walk and run and even
take part …… the forthcoming table tennis tournament. at, in
 Earlier England was important ............. the author only because there was
Cambridge. Now it had a greater appeal ................ him. to, for
 There had been an accident when he went hiking..... his father and brother. They
were crossing a rickety bridge ....some rapids. with, over.
 Shankara was born……… Kaladi………. Kerala. at, in
 He was killed …. him …… a knife. by, with
 The first baby bomb was dropped………. Hiroshima……Japan. on, in
 Sathish went …….. his sister’s marriage….. bus. to, by
 He opens the shop ……….. 7 p.m. to sell the things to the customers stand…..… a
queue at, in
 I was going …….. my village one day. I saw a tiger……. the way. to, on.
 The property shared……………. the two brothers. between
ARTICLES
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate articles.
 He was …. great freedom fighter. He fought against….. British. a, the
 Shankar was ……….honest person. He comes to …... office at 9 a.m. an, the
 Ravi is …. M.L.A because most of …….. voters supported him. an, the
 You can’t put …..fence around …… planet earth. a, the
 They shouted that there was …… girl by…… tracks. a, the
 Happiness was … beautiful bird living on a mountain in … east. a, the
 There are … number of news paper in English. ..….. Indian Express is one of the
leading news paper. a, the
 She was ……… old woman. She carried …. stick in her hand. an, a
 Anant was ….. lover of music. He was learning to play ….sitar. a, the
 They went to …… island. It was …. beautiful island. an, a
 There are ….…number of batsmen but Dhoni is ……… best batsman. a, the
 Rivers have played ……… important role in shaping ….… history. an, the
 I am ……. S S L C student studying in ……… city. an, a
 She is …….. honest girl who is the daughter of ….. farmer. an, a
MODAL VERBS AND LANGUAGE FUUNCTION

Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate modal verbs.
 Tomorrow is my best friend’s marriage, I ............ go. must
 I am not sure. It ………...rain. may
 Ravi……..…. lift the table in one hand. can
 During the National Anthem, we ............... stand up have to
 When I was young, I .............. play cricket. could
 They ……… tell lies. Now they don’t. used to
Fill in the blank with appropriate modal:
 It .................. rain.
a. can b. may c. would d. Could
 ............I come in?
a. may b. might c. will d. Would
 . ............ you carry these files for me?
a. should b. would c. may d. Might
 ................ I have a look at your essay?
a. might b. would c. will d. May
 You ....................help your friend.
a. need b. dare c. have d. Must
 . ............ you agree with this discussion?
a. may b. might c. would d. Must
 . ................ you speak English?
a.can b. must c. might d. Shall
 . .................... God bless you!
a. might b. may c. should d. Shall
 We ................. wear helmet while riding.
a. should b. could c. might d. Need
 Aunt .................. visit us tomorrow
a. have b. might c. dare to d. Could
What function does each modal do?

 Shall I come in sir? Seeking permission
 Will you please open the window? Polite request
 He may come tomorrow. Probable/ Possibility
 Raju can do this. Ability
 May God bless you. Wish
 Can you tell me where to get gun powder? Seeking information.
 Will you tell me how to go to the bus stand? Seeking Direction
 Get out from here. Order
 I would love to come but sorry I have some urgent work. Polite Refusal
Identify the language function:

 Could you please spare some time, sir?
a. request b. apolize c. order d. Questioning
 You’re absolutely right
a. expressing agreement b. expressing disagreement c. Complimenting d. Wishing
 If you don’t mind could I use your pen?
a. questioning b. seeking information c. seeking help d. seeking permission
 I’m really grateful to you.
a. Complimenting b. Wishing c. requesting d. expressing gratitude
 I’m very sorry.
a. apologizing b. ordering c. complimenting d. expressing gratitude
 You should consult a doctor.
a. ordering b. expressing agreement c. seeking information d. Suggesting
 Don’t worry everything will be all right.
a. sympathizing b. giving direction c. suggesting d. Requesting
 Shut the door.
a. suggesting b. requesting c. ordering d. giving direction
 Story books are on fifth shelf in second row from here.
a. giving direction b. seeking information c. ordering d. Requesting
TENSE FORM OF VERBS
Fill in the blanks with appropriate verb forms given in the brackets:
 Congratulations……….……(be) showered on Swami the next day. were
 His class mates …...(look) at him with respect and his teachers patted his back. looked
 Moments later, his father………(leave) the room. left
 I argued with him but, it………(be) useless. Finally he signed the deed. was
 Uma is a poor girl. She………………(earn) money by giving tuition. earns
 India………………..…....(be + rule) by foreigners for many centuries. was ruled
 India ………..(be) a democratic country. is
 Sagar is my friend. He…….(be + work) in the post office. is working
 He……..(have) his own car and he goes to go to the office daily by the car. has
 Raman ………………( be + award) with the Nobel prize. was awarded
 Once upon a time, there lived a king. He ……(has) three sons. had
 She …… (can) climb tree very quickly when she was young. could
 When I went there she …………..(be+ play) was playing.
 The lion is the king of the forest. It …………(do) not fear to any animal. does
 He ……………( meet) an accident yesterday. met
Question tag
Add suitable question tag.
 He could do well. couldn’t he?
 You cannot put fence. can you?
 Ravi is singing a song, isn’t he?
 I ask questions. don’t I?
 We played well. didn’t we?
 She has never written a letter. has she?
 He will tell us truth. won’t he?
 Let’s start, now. shall we?
 I am fond of reading. aren’t I ?
 Lift the table. can you?
 Help the poor. will you?
 Sachin plays cricket. doesn’t he?
 Savin and Suresh hardly play Volley ball. do they?
Chose a suitable question tag.
 Rakesh is a famous cricketer.
a. isnt’ he? b. Is he? c. doesn’t he? d. does he?
 Mala and Leela were appointed ...............
a. isnt’ she? b. weren’t they? c. isn’t they? d. aren’t they?
 Ambareesh never comes late .................
a. isnt’ he? b. is he? c. doesn’t he? d. does he?
 Meena can run fast ................
a. can she? b. can’t she c. isn’t she? d. is she?
 I’m a lawyer, .............
a. am I? b. amn’t I? c. aren’t I? d. are I?
 Raju met with an accident, .................
a. does he? b. didn’t he? c. did he? d. doesn’t he?
PASSIVE VOICE
Change into passive voice
 I have completed the work.
The work has been completed by me.
 We are attending to that work now.
That work is being attended to now by us.
 The chief guest distributed the prizes
The prizes were distributed by the Chief Guest.
 Do the work.
Let the work be done.
 I have written all the answers correctly.
All the answers have been written correctly by me.
 Students will like the new pattern.
The new pattern will be liked by the students.
 Thieves planned the robbery very carefully.
The robbery was planned by the thieves very carefully.
 She was cooking food in the kitchen
The food was being cooked by her in the kitchen.
 She calls the doctor.
The doctor is called by her.
 They had done their duty.
Their duty had been done by them.
Choose the best alternatives(passive voice)
 The guest distributed the books.
a) The books was distributed by the guest.
b) The books are distributed by the guest.
c) The books were distributed by the guest.
d) The books will be distributed by the guest.
 Open the door.
a) Door is opened by you
b) Let the door be opened.
c) Let me open the door.
d) The door was opened
 Ravi has written a story.
a) A story had been written by Ravi.
b) A story was written by Ravi.
c) A story has been written by Ravi.
d) A story is being written by Ravi.
 I knew the address.
a) The address is being known by me.
b) The address was known to me.
c) The address is known by me.
d) The address will be known to me.
Read the conversation and change the underlined sentence into passive voice.
1. Teacher : will you answer the question?
student: yes, I will answer the question
a) The question is being answered by me.
b) The question will be answered by me.
c) The question can be answered by me.
d) The question was being answered by me.
2. Jayanna: Who has broken the mirror?
Shalini: Perhaps your pet daughter might have broken
A) By whom is the mirror broken?
B) By whom was the mirror broken?
C) By whom had the mirror been broken?
D) By whom has the mirror been broken?
3. Parvathi: Who is presiding over the meeting?
Dhanalakshmi: The Director is presiding over the meeting.
A) The meeting was being presided over by the Director
B) The meeting is being presided over by the Director.
C) The meeting is presided over by the Director.
D) The meeting will be presided over by the Director.
4. Lokesh: Have you solved the problem tactfully?
Nanjappa: Yes, I have solved the problem tactfully.
Al Has the problem been solved tactfully by you?
B) Is the problem solved tactfully by you?
C) Had the problem been tactfully solved by you?
D) Is the problem tactfully solved by you?
5. Gayathri : Did you make mistakes?
Sarala : I did not make mistakes.
A) Mistakes are not made by me.
B) Mistakes can't be made by me.
C) Mistakes will not be made by me.
D) Mistakes were not made by me.
6. Nanda: Does the teacher waste time?
Ibrahim: The teacher does not waste time.
A) Time is not wasted by the teacher.
B) Time was not wasted by the teacher.
C) Time will not be wasted by the teacher.
D) Time would not be wasted by the teacher,
7. Lakshmi : Have you written all the answers correctly?
Sharadha : Yes, I have written all the answers correctly.
A. All the answers are written correctly by me.
b. All the answers have been written correctly by me.
c. All the answers were written correctly by me,
d. All the answers are being written correctly by me!
PRIMARY AUXILIARY VERBS

Fill in the blanks with the correct auxiliary verbs. (be, do and have form)
 He ……..…. in Delhi last year. was
 She …....... singing a song now. is
 …..…… you present yesterday? Were
 Rani …...…. a car and she drives it every day. has
 …...…. she sing? Yes, she sings. Does
 Where …….. you go last Sunday? did
 I ….... many friends. I meet them every day. have
 Tigers ...….. not eat grass. do
 We …..... human beings. are
 I …. a teacher. I teach my children well . am
 Every seat in this bus ......... a number. (has/have). has
 The crowd ..............dispersed by the police. (was/were). was
 One of my friends ................visiting palace this evening. (are/is) is
 Number of questions .........asked by the students. (were/was) were
 All seats in this bus ..............numbers. (have/has) have
 Either Ram or his friends ...............taken it. (has/have). have
 She, as well as you, .................. intelligent. (is/are). are
 The match ..............very interesting. (was/were). was
 Each of the girls ............. done her homework. (has/have) has.
 Bread and butter .............. his daily diet. (were/was). was
For practice
 Santhosh ................. taken my bike. (has, have)
 Second innings of Indian team ........ very interesting. (was, were)
 Two and two..............four. (is, are)
 One of the officers ............. dismissed. (were. was)
 Either Kalpana or Sumithra .................... made a noise. (have, has)
 Lots of food .................. been wasted. (has, have)
 Ten thousand rupees .................. been paid to him. (has, have)
 The United Kingdom ................ a strong army. (has, have)
 Ten kilometers ................. a long way to walk. (is, are)
 The Arabian Nights ................... still very popular. (are, is)
 Everyone one of the boys in this class .......... .. intelligent. (are, is)
 Meenakshi, like her parents ............. generous. (are, is)
 Many ............... injured in the accident. (was, were)
LINKING WORDS
Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words: (Conjunctions)
 Samarth… Samrat are brothers. Samarth is active… Samrat is lazy. (and, but)
 …. he is lazy,his pappa believes … he will pass in the first class. (Though, that)
 All like him .... he has a lot of patience … talks with them. (because, and)
 Dr. S.Radhakrishnan was ….. an educationist ..… a statesman. (both, and)
 ...did Rani enter the class, ……. all the students greeted her. (No sooner, than)
 I am still thinking of buying …… a car …… a jeep. (either, or)
 ……. India…… Srilanka is in Europe. (Neither, nor)
 …... he came, pappa garlanded him ..… mamma hugged him. (As soon as , and)
 …… you come…… not, I will go. (Whether, or)
 Ashwin is ……. a bowler ….. a useful batsman. (not only, but also)
Fill in the blanks with suitable linking words given in the brackets
1. Vinutha ....her sister entered the house, ....there was no electricity .....they took out a box
of matches and lit a lamp. .... they couldn’t see anything. (still, but, and, so)
2. .....Venkatram is a rich man, he is not generous. ….his wife helps the needy. (though, but)
3. Suresh ...Mahesh went to the bus station ......they missed the bus. ...... they entered the
station, the bus left. .....they could not board the bus. (but, as soon as, and, so)
4. Ramanna is rich ...... sad ... discontented. He owns hundred acres of land which he has
inherited from his ancestors. He doesn’t have ..... a wife ..... children. (or, but, and, either)
5. ..... Abdul was from a poor family, he became popular. He made a name .........as a
scientist ...........as a states man ............his service was dedicative.
(not only, though, but also, because)
6. Radhakrishnan was a teacher. Everybody liked him .........he had lot of patience while
teaching. ........ any student didn’t have money to pay fees, he would give him money,
......he was kind ...........service minded. (If, and, because, as)
7. The people did not help Roma …. they were afraid of being involved …. Baleshwar alone
had to take Roma. He requested the passersby to help him ….. no one heeded him.A tempo
truck driver stopped …took Roma to the hospital. (so, but, and, because)
8. The people of Tibet suffered from cold .......hunger. They decided to send Wangjia to find
bird of happiness ..... he was a small boy, he was determined ......the others hesitated to go.
(because, though, while)
Answers
1) and, but, so, still
2) though, but,
3) and, but, as soon as, so
4) but, and, either, or
5) though, not only, but also, because
6) because, if, as, and
7) because , so, but, and
8) and, though, while
DEGREES OF COMPARISON:-
Change the following into other degrees.
 No other city is as beautiful as Bangalore (positive).
Bangalore is more beautiful than any other city (comparative)
Bangalore is the most beautiful city (superlative)
 Tendulkar is the greatest criket player. (superlative)
No ther cricket player is as great as Tendulkar. (positive degree)
Tendulkar is greater than any other cricket player.(comparison)
 Swami was the most timid boy (superlative)
No other boy was as timid as Swami (positive)
Swami was more timid than any other boy. (comparative)
 John is clever boy in our class.(positive)
John is cleverer than any other boy in our class. (comparative)
John is the cleverest boy in our class. (superlative)
 No other animal is as strong as the elephant. (positive)
The elelphant is the stongest animal . (Superlative)
The elephant is stronger than any other animal. (comparative)
 The Mount Everest is higher than any other peak in the world. (Comparative)
The Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. (Superlative)
No other peak in the world is as high as the Mount Everest. (positive)
 The camel is the tallest animal. (Superlative)
The camel is taller than any other animal. (comparative)
No other animal is as tall as the camel. (Positive)
 The tiger is the most ferocious animal. (Superlative)
The tiger is more ferocious animal than any other animal. (comparative)
No other animal is as ferocious as the tiger. (positive)
 Akbar was one of the greatest emperors in India.
Akbar was greater than many/most other emperors in India. (comparative)
Very few emperors of India were as great as Akbar. (positive)
FOR PRACTICE
 No other woman is so kind as Mother Teresa. (Positive)
 No other country is as rich as India. (Positive)
 No other metal is as strong as iron. (Positive)
 The Tajmahal is the most beautiful building. (Superlative)
 Very few girls are as beautiful as Shruti. (Positive)
 Very few countries in the world are as rich as Japan. (Positive)
 Very few people are as great as my father. (Positive)
 Virat is the finest batsman at the moment. (Superlative)
 Vikram Sarabhai was one of the greatest scientists. (Superlative)
 B.S. Chandrashekar was one of the greatest bowlers in the world. (Superlative)
 Vivekananda was greater than most of the saints in the world. (Comparative)
 Radha was the wisest lady. (Superlative)
 No other insect is as busy as bee. (Positive)
 Very few film directors are as creative as Satyajit Ray. (Positive)
 Mumbai is better than any other sea ports in India. (Comparative)
ADDING TOO…. TO AND SO… THAT….NOT
Combine the sentences using too…..To and so that not
 The box is heavy. I can’t lift it.
The box is too heavy for me to lift it.
The box is so heavy that I cannot lift it.
 He is very poor. He can’t buy a meal.
He is too poor to buy a meal.
He is so poor that he cannot buy a meal
 He is very weak. He can’t walk fast
He is too weak to walk fast
He is so weak that he cannot walk fast.
 The news is good. It can’t be true.
The news is too good to be true.
The news is so good that it cannot be true.
 The mangoes are cheap. They can’t be good.
The mangoes are too cheap to be good.
The mangoes are so cheap that they cannot be good.
 He is proud. He can’t beg.
He is too proud to beg.
He is so proud that he cannot beg.
 He speaks fast. It cannot be understood.
He speaks too fast to be understood
He speaks so fast that it cannot to be understood.
 This tree is very high. I can’t climb it.
This tree is too high for me to climb.
This tree is so high that I cannot climb it.
 She was very weak. She couldn’t get up.
She was too weak to get up.
She was so weak that she could not get up.
 He was late. He couldn’t hear the speech.
He was too late to hear the speech.
He was so late that he could not hear the speech.
For practice
 It is very hot. I can’t go out without an umbrella.
 Ramesh is very poor. He can’t buy a bicycle.
 Lalitha is proud. She doesn’t own her fault.
 The hill is very steep. I can’t climb it.
 My heart was full of words. I couldn’t speak.
 The problem is complicated. I can’t solve it.
IF CLAUSE
Type 1: Probable/likely to happen /open condition. If one condition is fulfilled, the other
condition will also be fulfilled.
1. If I have money, I will get a house constructed.
2. If you are honest and humble, people will adore you.
Type 2: Improbable/unreal
1. If I were a bird, I would fly. (I'm not a bird)
2. If you were a mouse, the cat would eat you. (You are not a mouse)
Type 3: Impossible
1. If the boy had not teased the monkey, it would not have scratched the face of the boy.
2. If the teacher had depth in the subject, he would have made the students learn.
More Examples
 If you give money, he …….buy a car. (Will)
 If you gave money, he ………. buy a car. (Would)
 If you had given money, he ……… bought a car. (Would have)
 If she reads well, she……….fail. (Won’t)
 If she read well, she………….. fail. (Wouldn’t)
 If she had read well, she ………….…. Failed. (Wouldn’t have)
Read the conversation and fill in the blank choosing the appropriate answer:
1. Shallu: Saroja failed in the exam.
Sami: If she had studied hard, she ............. passed
a. should has b. would have c. will have d. Would
2. Manoj: I bought a car.
Krishna: Really! If I had money, I too ........... bring a car
a. could have b. would be c. would d. Could
3. Srikala: Show me the photos of your trip to Ooty.
Nirmala : Oh, I forgot to take my Camera. If I had taken my Camera, I ..........taken photos.
a. will have b. would have c. would be d. could be
4. Abu : Do you own a house?
Avinash : I don’t have enough money. If I had money, I ........... bought a house my now.
a. must be b. would has c. would had d. would
5. Swamy : Mona lost all her money in business and she is very upset.
Soma : If I had met her, I ........... advised her not to give up.
a. would have b. would has c. would had d. would be
6. Preethi : You missed the train
Pramitha : If I had started early, I ............. missed it.
a. won’t have b. can’t have c. shouldn’t have d. wouldn’t have
Reported Speech
Change into reported speech:
 Raju said to Rani “I am going to Kadur.”
Raju told Rani that he was going to Kadur.
 Ramesh said to Ramya “I will help you.”
Ramesh told /promised Ramya that he would help her.
 Kanaka said to karim “I want to drink coffee.”
Kanaka told Karim that he wanted to drink coffee.
 She said to him “Do you come with me now?”
She asked him if he came with her then.
 Daksha said to her father “Did you go to the Palace with your son yesterday?”
Daksha asked her father if he had gone to the Palace with his son the previous day.
 Ramesh said to his friend “Why do you waste time?”
Ramesh asked his friend why he wasted time.
 Suma said to Sunil “When are you going to the park?”
Suma asked Sunil when he was going to the park.
 Janaki said to her brother “What have you done?”
Janaki asked her brother what he had done.
 The manager said to the clerk “Bring the files.”
The manager ordered the clerk to bring the files.
 The mother said to her son “Don’t eat cut fruits sold on the road side.”
The mother advised her son not to eat cut fruits sold on the road side.
 Nirmala said to Girish “please help me.”
Nirmala requested Girish to help her.
 The father said to the son “many happy returns of the day.
The father wished the son many happy returns of the day.
 She said “How beautiful the Taj Mahal is!”
She exclaimed with admiration that the Taj Mahal is very beautiful.
 “What a delicious food!” he said.
He exclaimed that the food was very delicious.
 Kallappa said to Mallappa “Can you call the doctor?”
Kallappa asked to Mallappa if he could call the doctor.
Read the conversation and change the underlined sentences into reported speech
1. Teacher: Chandan, what do you want to become?
Chandana: Sir, I want to become a social reformer.
Teacher asked chandan what he wanted to become.
2. Anusha: What are you doing?
Bhoomika: I’m doing my home assignment.
Bhoomika replied Anusha that she was doing her home assignment.
3. Vinay: Megha can you speak English fluently?
Megha: I can speak correctly but not fluently.
Megha replied Vinay that she could speak correctly but not fluently.
4. Shalini: How is your preparation for the examination?
Shashi: Yet to be prepared.
Shalini asked Shashi how her preparation for the examination was.
5. Chandan: Where did you go yesterday?
Kishor: I went to a temple with my parents.
Kishor replied Chandana that he had gone to a temple with his parents.
PARTS OF SPEECH
Identify the part of speech of the underlined word:
 Rani is a girl. (Noun)
 “Leave alone strength, can you prove you have courage? (Noun)
 Our army won the battle. (Noun)
 He admitted her immediately to the ICU without any paperwork. (Adverb)
 Then he removed his hat and gloves, slowly and carefully. (Adverb)
 We came yesterday. (Adverb)
 He always comes late. (Adverb)
 Where did he go yesterday? (Adverb)
 Sathish saw a colourful bird. (Adjective)
 I ate 10 idlies. (Adjective)
 Radhika likes green saries. (Adjective)
 There is a little hope. (Adjective)
 How many books will she need? (Adjective)
 We have our own ideas. (Pronoun)
 I have done it myself. (Pronoun)
 He is the person who is my father. (Pronoun)
 I am going to Goa tomorrow. (Verb)
 Sheela can lift the table. (Verb)
 Smoking is injurious to health. (Verb)
 She is anxious to know her result. (Verb)
 I am fond of sweets. (Preposition)
 She was killed by him with a knife. (Preposition)
 Gandhiji was born on 2 October in 1869 at Porbender in Gujarat. (Preposition)
 Ramu and Ravi are friends. (Conjunction)
 He was neither a doctor nor an engineer but he is a teacher. (Conjunction)
 Think twice before you do anything. (Conjunction)
 Alas! I am ruined. (Interjection)
 Congrats! You have won match. (Interjection)
INFINITIVES
Identify the infinitives
 I am expecting two guests to come for dinner. (to come)
 To err is human, to forgive is divine. (To err, to forgive)
 I don’t have vehicle to take my dad to the hospital, that’s it. (to take)
 She is anxious to know her result. (to know)
 I went to post office to post a letter. (to post)
 You must consult the doctor. (consult)
 We should grow plants and trees. (grow)
 He did not come yesterday. (come)
 She could climb any tree very quickly. (climb)
 I watched it happen. (happen)
 He helped them do it. (do)
 I bade him go. (go)
 Let him sit here. (sit)
 I heard him sing a lovely song. (sing)
USING WORDS IN SENTENCES AS NOUN AND VERB
Use the following words as noun and verb
 Conduct: Noun – I do not approve his conduct.
Verb: -- He conducts the symphony.
 Question: Noun -- All the questions are easy.
Verb -- He questioned his mother.
 Contest: N -- Drawing contest had been taken place in my school.
V --He contested in the election.
 Permit: N -- The Chief Officer gave the permit/permission to build a dam.
V -- He is permitted to write the exam.
 Increase: N -- There is an increase in the price of onion.
V -- The shop owner increased the price of the onion.
 Lock N -- He had a big lock.
V -- He locked the door.
 Insult N – The last remark was an insult.
V –How dare you insult your father?
 Answer N -- Her answers are correct.
V -- Narendra answered all the questions correctly.
 Present N -- She brought her a new present.
V -- She presented a car.
 Progress: N -- There is no progress in flood situation.
V -- Last year students did not progress much in English.
 Object N -- The doctor detected an object in the lung.
V -- He objected his decision in the court of law.
 Suspect N -- My neighbor is the main suspect in the murder case.
V -- The police suspected my neighbor in the murder case.
 Score N -- His score in mathematics is 73.
V -- He scored 95 marks in Kannada.
 Advice – N. Take his advice.
V. Who will advise the king?
 Breath —N It is cold enough to see our breath.
V. Don’t breathe the chemical fumes.
 Proof—N. Show me a proof of your connection.
V. He worked hard to prove his innocence.
FOR PRACTICE
Use the following words as noun and verb
 Act  Visit  Treat
 Love  Charge  Train
 Dust  Wish  Order
 Break  Run  Trace
 Brush  Walk  Aim
 Catch  Joke  Name
 Use  Design  Fish
 Play  Cook  Water
 Work  Collect  Danger
 Accept  Confuse  Feed
 Add  Continue  Grow
 Admire  Decide  Inform
 Bleed  Power  Live
COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
1. George Washington was the first President of the United States of America. He was born
over two hundred years ago in the state of Virginia on February 22. When George was a
boy, he had lots of fun exploring the woods and forests near his home. He enjoyed hunting,
boating, and fishing. He lived on a farm and helped his father with the chores that needed
to be done. George went to school until he was 14 years old. His favorite subject was
Mathematics. George was good, quiet boy who got along well with others. George grew up
to be a tall and strong man. He joined the military. He was a great leader and helped with
many battles. He is best remembered as a leader of the continental army. He helped the
Americans win the revolutionary war against Great Britain for independence.
(A) Write the contributions of George Washington to America.
Ans. George Washington joined the military. He was a great leader and helped with many
battles. He is best remembered as a leader of the continental army. He helped the
Americans win the revolutionary war against Great Britain for independence.
(B) How can you say that in his childhood Washington enjoyed a lot?
When George was a boy, he had lots of fun exploring the woods and forests near his home.
He enjoyed hunting, boating, and fishing
2. As a boy, Lal Bahadur Shastry was mischievous, but always cheerful. He had a kind heart.
Once, he and his uncle went for a stroll. It was getting dark. An old man who was selling
mangoes saw them. He said, "Sir, it is getting dark. I will sell these mangoes cheap; just give
me one anna (six paise of today) for a hundred. The two searched their pockets and
scraped together an anna and gave it to him. The vendor started counting the fruits. When
he reached fifty, Lal Bahadur asked him to stop and to keep the change. Later his uncle
asked him why he had done so. The boy replied, "A hundred mangoes for an anna is too
cheap. He was prepared to suffer a loss and sell them at that rate only because it was going
dark. It was hard on him. So, I asked him to keep the change
(A) Which incident shows that Lal Bahadur was a kind hearted man?
A vendor wanted to sell hundred mangoes for one anna. Shashtri gave him an anna, but
only took fifty mangoes because if he gave hundred mangoes for an anna, vendor would
suffer a loss.
(B) What are the qualities of Lal Bahadur?
Lal Bahadur Shastry was mischievous, but always cheerful. He had a kind heart.
3. Once there was a poor woodcutter. He used to cut trees in the forest.
One day he was cutting the tree on the bank of a river. By chance his axe fell down into the
river. The river was deep. He could not take his axe out. He sat on the bank and began to
weep. The God appeared. He asked him why he was weeping. The woodcutter told him the
whole story. The God assured him to bring his axe. The God dived into the water and
brought a golden axe." The woodcutter said, "Sir, it is not my axe. My axe was not so
beautiful." The God again dived into the water and brought a silver axe. The woodcutter
said, "Sir this is not mine. My axe was not so shining." The God dived for the third time.
Now he came out with an iron axe. The woodcutter felt very happy. He said, "This is Mine."
How should I thank you?" The God was very pleased at his honesty. He rewarded him with
the other two axes.
(A) Wood cutter was an honest man. Explain.
The wood cutter refused to take as the axes were not his. Finally God brought his iron axe
and accepted happily.
(B) Why did the God appear before him?
One day woodcutter was cutting the tree on the bank of a river. By chance his axe fell down
into the river. The river was deep. He could not take his axe out. He sat on the bank and
began to weep. So the God appeared.
4. King Ashoka was a kind, wise and righteous ruler. He spent all his time for thinking of the
welfare of his subjects. He had a strong desire to make his subjects happy. His subjects
could meet him at any time and in any place. He had trees planted on either side of the
roads; he had wells dug by the roadside; he had rest houses built for both men and animals.
He was respected by everyone.
(A) What kind of a ruler was Ashoka ? How did he usually spend his all time?
King Ashoka was a kind, wise and righteous ruler. He spent all his time for thinking of the
welfare of his subjects.
(B) Write any two works of Ashoka which he did for the welfare of his subjects.
He had trees planted on either side of the roads; he had wells dug by the roadside; he had
rest houses built for both men and animals.
FOR PRACTICE
1. The first baby bomb was dropped on the densely populated industrial town of Hiroshima
in Japan on 6th August 1945. The city of Hiroshima was flattened. At least 78,000 people
and possibly many thousands more, were killed or fatally injured. As great a number were
injured and all their dwellings were damaged or destroyed. The city’s military garrison was
wiped out. Only a handful of doctors remained alive, and most hospitals and medical
supplies were destroyed. Citizens of neighbouring towns described the burned, living and
dead as no longer recognizably human, with their flesh raw and blackened, their hair gone
and the features melted on their faces. It was the most shocking sight man had ever
witnessed.
(A) How do you say that the bomb blast resulted in a great disaster?
(B) What is your feeling as you read the last few lines of the passage?
COMPOSITION
1. EDITING THE ERRORS : 2 Marks
I. The following paragraph has two errors. Edit the paragraph and rewrite it in the answer
book. Clues are given below.
1. Impulsively, Baleshwar went and grabed the train’s red emergency chain and pulled it
down frantical.
Clues :(a) Spelling mistake to be corrected. (b) Adverbial mistake to be corrected.
Impulsively, Baleshwar went and grabbed the train’s red emergency chain and pulled it
down frantically.
2. amrutha was thrilled to be on mount Everest, form where she stood she could saw
the whole country side.
Clues : . A. Capital letter to be used. B. verbal mistake to be corrected
Amrutha was thrilled to be on mount Everest, form where she stood she could see
the whole country side.
3. The MLA of the locality booked two buses. All the poor went on a trip to nanjungud.
Did you also go.
Clues : A. Capital letter to be used. B. Correct punctuation mark to be used.
The MLA of the locality booked two buses. All the poor went on a trip to Nanjungud.
Did you also go?
4. I heard this news long time back. i also bought it to the notise of my uncle.
Clues : A. Capital letter to be used. B. Spelling mistake to be corrected.
I heard this news long time back. I also bought it to the notice of my uncle.
5. rohan is an eight year old boy. he is very nice and queit.
Clues : A. Capital letter to be used wherever necessary. B. Spelling mistakes to be corrected.
Rohan is an eight year old boy. he is very nice and quiet.
6. Jawaharlal Nehru choosed Dr. Ambedkar to be the first Law Minister by independent
India.
Clues : (A) Verbal mistake to be corrected (B) Preposition to be corrected
Jawaharlal Nehru chose Dr. Ambedkar to be the first Law Minister of independent India
7. I did not attended the summer camp because he made me work at home from down to
dusk.
Clues : (A) Tense form to be corrected (B) Spelling to be corrected
I did not attend the summer camp because he made me work at home from dawn to dusk.
8. Swami rose silent and tiptoed to his bed in the passage ; Granny was sitting up in her
bed, and remarked, “Boy are you already feeling sleepy? Don’t you here a story?”
Clues : (A) Adverbial mistake to be corrected (B) Spelling mistake to be corrected
Swami rose silently and tiptoed to his bed in the passage ; Granny was sitting up in her bed,
and remarked, “Boy are you already feeling sleepy? Don’t you hear a story?”
9. What is the meaning of this wild uproar. The men stand transfixed. The first men to move
shall spend the rest of the night in irons !
Clues : (A) Use correct punctuation mark. (B) Noun plural to be corrected.
What is the meaning of this wild uproar? The men stand transfixed. The first man to move
shall spend the rest of the night in irons !
FOR PRACTICE.
1. The old man bowed to all on us in the room. Then he remove his hat and gloves, slowly
and carefully.
Clues : (A) Preposition to be corrected. (B) Verb form to be corrected.
2. Geetha’s father fell ill. As soon as geetha received the message, she lefted in a taxi.
Clues : (A) Verbal mistake to be corrected. (B) Capital letter to be used.
3. Scientific research are an exciting venture into the great unknown and the token of
humankind’s survival. It is a scientists with their tools that are up to the challenge.
Clues : (A) Article to be corrected (B) Auxiliary verb to be corrected.
4. The old man came in. He bowed to all of us. Then he removed his hat and glove. He
handed over his things to the boy. The boy stood behind the old mans chair.
Clues : (A) Noun plural to be used (B) Apostrophe to be used.
5. R.K. Narayan is widely consider to be one of the India’s greatest English language novelist
known for simple writing style.
Clues : (A) Verbal mistake to be corrected (B) Number should be corrected.
6. pandithji is a busy man. You must not bothered him with such requests.
Clues : (A) capital letter to be used (B) Tense form to be corrected.
7. Last Sunday, jacky and I went to the beach when we arrived we thought it was going to
rained. Luckily the sky cleared up.
Clues : (a) Use capital letter wherever necessary. (b) Verbal mistake to be corrected.
8. Congratulations was showered on Swami next day. His classmates looked at him with
respect, and his teachers patted his back. The head master said that he was an true scout.
Clues : (a) Verbal mistake to be corrected. (b) Article to be corrected
9. “Chacha can I borrow your mobile?” Baleshwar asked, and the driver pass him his phone.
Clues : (a) correct Punctuation to be used. (b) Tense to be corrected.
10. When Babasaheb pass away, in December 1956, Jawaharalal Nehru made a moving
reference in a Lok Sabha.
Clues : (a) Verbal mistake to be corrected. (b) Article to be corrected.
PROFILE WRITING : MARKS – 3
Marking Scheme:
 Logical organisation of ideas/events. ½ Marks
 Effective expression and language accuracy. 1 Marks
 Relevant content 1 Marks
 Appropriate conclusion ½ Marks
Given below is a profile. Write a paragraph using the clues given below.
Name : Dr. Ravishankar
Profession : Professor
Age : 52 years
Height and weight : 5.6 feet, 64 kgs
Family : Two sons, Engineers
Reason for his popularity : More helpful in the society, more friendly and engaged in
social work
Education : MA, Ph.D
Awards : National awards
Hobbies : Gardening, helping poor students, writing books
AN EASY WAY TO WRITE PARAGRAPH
E.g:-
Name : Dr. Ravishankar (is a good person and also a good
professor)
and his Profession is : Professor
his Age is : (around) 52 years
and his Height and weight is : 5.6 feet, 64 kgs
his Family has : Two sons,(they are) Engineers
and his Reason for his popularity is: More helpful in the society, more friendly and engaged
in social work
his Education is : MA, Ph.D
and his Awards are : National awards, The best professor award of the year
2017.
his Hobbies are : Gardening, helping poor students, writing books.
Dr. Ravishankar is a good person and also a good Professor. His education is M.A, Ph.D. His
age is around 52 years. His height and weight is 5.6 feet, 64 kgs. He has two sons both are
Engineers. He is popular because, he is more helpful in the society, more friendly and
engaged in social work. His awards are National awards and the best professor award of the
year 2017. His hobbies are gardening, helping poor students, writing books like some
simple poems short stories, reading books of Kannada writers Kuvempu’s ‘Nenapina
Doniyalli’, ‘Malegalalli Madhumagalu’ Dr. U.R Ananthmurthy’s ‘Samskara’ and others.
II Given below is a profile of P.T Usha Indian Athlete Write a paragraph using the clues
given below.
Name : P.T. Usha
Nick Name : Payyoli Express
Parents : Paithal and Lakshmi
Date of Birth : 27th July, 1964
Place of Birth : Payyoli, Kerala
Field of Sports : Athletics running
Awards and Medals : 1) 4 gold medals and One silver medal in 1986 Asian Games.
2) Padmashri and the Arjuna Award by Government of India.
AN EASY WAY TO WRITE PARAGRAPH

e.g:- Mr/Miss/Mrs(write name) was born at/in (write birthplace) . He/She was born on
(write thedate of birth) . His/Her full name is/was (write full name) . He/She is/was also
known as (write nick/pet name). He/She is/was (write age) years old. His/Her parents
are/were (write parents name).
This is a paragraph about Mrs. P. T. Usha. She was born on 27th July, 1964 at Payyoli in
Kerala. She is also known as Payyoli Express. She is 55 years old. Her parents are Paithal
and Lakshmi. Her field of sports is Athletics running. Her Awards and Medals are 4 gold
medals and One silver medal in 1986 Asian Games, Padmashri and the Arjuna Award by
Government of India.
FOR PRACTICE
1) Given below is a profile of Mr Shivakumar an English Teacher, write a paragraph based
on the information.
Age : Around 35 years
Qualification : M A , B Ed
Height and Weight : 5.8 ft and 67 kg
Reason for his popularity : More helpful in the society, more friendly and engaged in
social work, and he treats the students kindly and lovingly.
He explains the things patiently when they can’t
understand, and he teaches Grammar very well in a easy
way.
Achievement : 2017 state level best teacher
Awards : Notional award and the best teacher award of 2017.
Hobbies : Gardening and writing, reading books and listening music.
2) Given below is a profile of Mr Venkatesh a Doctor write a paragraph based on the

clues.
Age : 30 years
Qualification :MBBS
Profession : Doctor
Name and address : Govt hospital Koppal
Native place : Hubli
Reason for popularity : Works after 5pm always cheerfull does not demand money from
Patients.
3. Given below is a profile. Write a paragraph using the clues given below
P. V. Sindhu : Date of Birth: 5th July 1995, Hyderabad
Parents : P V Ramana, P Vijaya
Education : St. Ann’s college, Mehdipatnam
Coach : Pullela Gopichand
Medals : Gold medal in BWF world championship 2019, Silver Medal in
2016 Rio Olympic games
Awards : Rajiv Ghandhi khel Ratna, Padmashri
LETTER WRITING (OFFICIAL/FORMAL) 5 Marks

Student is expected to write the present format of a formal letter correctly. Everything will
be left alignment. Marking Scheme:
- From 1/2
- Date 1/2
- To 1/2
- Dear (Salutation) 1/2
- Subject 1/2
- Body/content of the letter 2 Marks
* organising ideas based on the given clues.
* Coherence
* Continuity
* Logical conclusion of content
- Conclusion 1/2
- Signatory 1/2
Imagine you are Raghu/Rashmitha residing at # 73, 3rd Cross, V Main Raghavendra Nagar,
Bagalkote. Write a letter to the Editor of about the bad condition of roads in your locality
From
Raghu / Rashmitha
# 73, 3rd Cross, V Main, Raghavendra Nagar,
Bagalkote
Date: 23rd September 2019
To
The Editor
The Indian Express,
Bagalkot
Dear Sir
Sub : Bad condition of roads in our locality
With reference to the above subject, I would like to bring to your kind notice that the
roads in our locality are in very bad condition with many pot holes. There are no foot paths.
Every day accidents are taking place. Kindly bring it to the notice of the concerned
Authority.
Thank you
Yours faithfully
Raghu
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
01. Imagine that you are Sathwik / Swathi studying 10th standard at S V B High school in
Thyajavalli. Write a letter to your head master requesting him for three days leave.
02. Imagine that you are Kruthik / Kruthika studying 10th standard at Government high
school in Harihara. Write a letter to your Head Master requesting him to issue your T.C and
Marks card.
03. Imagine that you are Vinod / Vidya studying 10th standard at Government high school
in Chikkamagaluru. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper complaining about the bad
condition of bus service in your area.
04. Imagine that you are Kaviraj / Kavitha studying 10th standard at Government high
school in Chikkamagaluru. Write a letter to The General Manager, KSRTC, Chikkamagaluru,
requesting him to provide more buses in the morning and evening to your place, giving
reasons.
05. Imagine that you are Bhargav / Bhargavi studying 10th standard at Government high
school in Srinagar, Banglore. You are a good Bharathanatyam dancer with many prizes at
the district level. Write a letter to the Director, Dooradarshan Kendra, Bengaluru requesting
him to allow you to participate in the children’s dance programme, to be telecast on
Children’s day.
06. Imagine that you are Nagaraj / Nagaveni studying 10th standard at Government high
school in Kalasa. Write a letter to the General Manager of Jindal power limited,
Madakaripura, Chithradurga, requesting him to visit the Wind power generation plant.
07. Imagine that you are Adarsha / Anusha studying 10th standard at Government high
school in Kadur. Write a letter to the Bank Manager asking him to stop payment of a
cheque.
08. Imagine that you are Chandan / Chandana studying 10th standard at government high
school in Kalasa. Write a letter to your head master requesting him to arrange a personality
development class in your school.
09. Imagine that you are Raju/Rani studying 10th standard at Poorna Pragna highschool in
Aldur. Write a letter to the Managing Director, VISL Bhadravathi, requesting him to permit
to visit VISL.
ESSAY WRITING
Marking Scheme:
- Introduction. 1/2
- Content
* Planning, organisation and coherent presentation. 1
* Apt examples. 1
* Synchrony with the given topic. 1
- Conclusion. ½
1.Ban on plastic:
Plastic bags are readily available in the market and are used widely. These are
especially popular at the grocery stores since they come Handy in carrying the grocery
items.
These are available in various sizes. These are quite economical and also easy to
carry. However, the cost we are paying for using these bags is over looked. These bags are
costing us our beautiful environment. Yes! The plastic bags that we use in our everyday life
are hazardous for the environment. The problem is much serious than it appears.
Researchers claim that Plastic bags are a major cause of water pollution. These are also
responsible for making our agricultural lands infertile and a cause of a number of other
serious problems.
Many countries have banned the use of plastic bags in order to ensure a cleaner and
greener environment. India is also among one of these countries. Our country has banned
the use of plastic bags in many states. However, the implementation of this rule hasn’t
been proper. These are still available in the market. The retailers provide goods in these
bags and the shoppers gladly take their stuff in these, as it is easy to carry bags.
It is the right time that each one of us must understand this major issue and stop the
use of plastic bags.
2. Uses of Internet: -
Internet is one thing that we cannot imagine our lives without it. It is used in every
sphere of life. It has brought the world closer.
Today, communicating with friends and relatives living in foreign lands is no longer a
costly affair. You can connect with them at just the click of a button. Internet offers various
means of communication including email, social media platforms, web calls and
messengers. You can call or chat with your near and dear ones at any time of the day with
the help of Internet. Internet is also a great source of entertainment. In today's times when
everyone is busy with their own lives, internet can prove to be your best friend. From e-
books to movies to music - everything you need for entertainment is available on the
internet. Internet has also proved to be a boon for the businessmen. It has become a
platform to sell products and make a presence across the country as well as abroad sitting
in your home town. Everything today is being sold online. Even those who are not providing
goods and services online are using this medium for promotion of their businesses.
3. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan:
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a campaign launched by the Prime Minister, Narendra
Modi as a nationwide cleanliness campaign. It is
implemented to full fill the vision and mission of clean India one day. It was launched
especially on the birth anniversary of the Mahatma
Gandhi as he always dreamed and was very keen to make this country a clean country. He
had tried for clean India during his time by motivating people through his campaigns and
slogans however it was only partially successful because of the limited involvement of the
people of India. But after so many years, Swachh Bharat Mission was again started by the
Government of India to make the dream of clean India come true till 150th birth
anniversary of the Mahatma Gandhi. It was started in 2014 on 2nd of October on the 145th
birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. It is a big challenge for all the citizens of India. It is
only possible if each and every person living in India would understand this campaign, their
own responsibility and try to join hands together to make it a successful mission.
4. Role of Media in Our Daily Life:-
Today our life is full of mass media. Our day begins with a newspaper delivered to us
with our morning cup of tea. Some of us switch on to radio or TV while getting ready for the
day and try to absorb the latest developments since the newspaper went to bed (sent for
printing) last night. Both on radio and TV advertisements are sandwiched between news
items and songs as the case may be. These advertisements try to influence our minds about
what we should eat, drink, wear or buy in general.
They even caution us against diseases like AIDS, remind us about polio drops, inform us
about forthcoming films and motivate our thinking in a subtle manner. Before leaving home
for the day some of us check and reply our e-mails like we used to see our mail boxes.
5. Use of Technology in Education:-
The effective Use of Technology in Education has changed the face of education and
it has created more educational opportunities. Both teachers and students have benefited
from various educational technologies, teachers have learned how to integrate technology
in their classrooms and students are getting more interested in learning with technology.
The use of technology in education has removed educational boundaries, both students
and teachers can collaborate in real time using advanced educational technologies.
Technology has helped in the growth of mobile learning and long distance learning. The use
of internet technology has enabled teachers to reach students across boarders and also
students from developing countries have used internet technology to subscribe for
advanced educational courses.
Many universities and colleges have embraced online education by creating virtual
classrooms. Online education is flexible and affordable, students can attend classrooms
during their free time, and they can also have a chance to interact with other students
virtually.
6. My State in 2025 - My Dream.
“Dreams are our hopes, which inspires us to live at present".
My dream of my State is not just a dream but it's a vision. The Vision is my State
should prosper to it's peak. My people should exhibit their potential for such purpose.
There should no man in my state starve for nutrient food. Every man should be
educated. The good quality of Education should reach every corner of my state. Everyone
should be accessible with proper medical amenities. Each public hospital should be well
equipped with modern technological facilities. It makes every common man to keep himself
healthy.
As all we say that,” Farmers are the backbone of our State". Our government should
ensure their safety. No farmer should commit suicide. The infrastructure facilities should be
provided to each village. There should be availability of pure drinking water. The roads
connecting each village should be regularly maintained. The schools in the villages should
be equipped and well maintained.
7. Importance of Sports in Our Life: -
Introduction: Taking part in various sports activities is important in ensuring that one
is able to reap the benefits that come with it. There are various sports activities that one
can take part in to ensure that they are able to lead healthier and more active lives.
Importance of sports: Sports help to reduce the levels of stress. They
help one to deviate away from other things that nay be stressing them in life they are able
to focus on having fun playing their favourite sport for some time. Sports also help towards
the development of a healthier body. This is because playing offers some form of exercise
as it is a physical activity. Taking part in sports also helps one to gain more toned muscles
and healthier bones. Sports also help in improving one's cooperation skills. Most of the
sports activities involve on becoming part of a team which requires one to cooperate to
ensure the success of their team. Sports also help in improving one's social skills. By playing,
one gets to interact with various people who are also engaging in the sport. Playing helps
one to get rid of excess fat and calories which have accumulated in the body. Sports also
help to improve the levels of sleep.
Conclusion: Taking part in sports is beneficial to everyone.It's important for one to
ensure that they become actively and regularly involved at least in one sport to ensure,
they are both physically and mentally fit.
8. Population Explosion in Cities
Rapid growth of population is the most serious problem facing our country today. India is
the seventh largest, but the second most populated country in the world. With 16 % of the
world’s population it is second only to China as far as population is concerned. The
phenomenal increase of population is termed as ‘population explosion’.
With employment opportunities in the rural areas becoming scarce, population explosion is
resulting in increasing migration of rural poor to the urban areas in search of jobs. Indian
cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore is facing serious problem of migration from rural areas.
The increasing pressure on the urban areas is giving rise to more number of slums and this
is multiplying the problems in the urban areas. The phenomenal population growth exerts
immense pressure on other basic necessities like education, health, housing, clothing,
employment opportunities. Even Bengaluru, once known as ‘the garden city’ is
experiencing problems as shortage of water, air pollution, contamination of water and
traffic congestions.
To check ill-effects of population growth on the socio-economic front, the Indian
government had lunched the Family Planning Programmes in 1951. This was later renamed
as the Family Welfare Programme. This programme promotes, responsible Planned
Parenthood, on a voluntary basis, through independent choice of family planning methods
best suited to the people. For this, we have to improve the literacy rate, female education
and the socio-economic status of the families as population growth is directly linked to
these factors. The fact that Kerala could make a lot of progress in checking population
growth testifies to the impact of literacy on population explosion.
9. Uses of Computer
Computer is a remarkable invention of modern science. 21st Century is called 'the age of
computers'. Computer was invented by Charles Babbage. It calculates stores, edits and
preserves the data for long periods. Computer is an electronic device which calculates
stores and performs logical functions. Computers are used in many fields. 21st Century is
witnessing a 'Computer Revolution'. You can contact and get information through internet
from any parts of the world within no time. Computer is Popular for its speed, accuracy and
storage capacity. Today computers are being used in all fields. Now they are a part and
parcel of our life.
Uses of computer
 Computers are used in the field of science and technology.
 Computers are used in scientific laboratories.
 Computers are used to control satellites.
 They are used in industries.
 Computers are used in heavy industries to operate and control big machines.
 Used in railway stations, airports and bus terminals for ticket reservation.
 Used in Revenue Department.
 Used by geologists to draw maps and study the earth.
 Used in big libraries.
 Information technology is becoming very popular now. Bengaluru is called 'the
 IT park of India'.
 Payment of employees of all departments is made through HRMS (online).
Computer in Education:
Computers are playing a vital role in the field of education. "Computer aided instruction" is
becoming very popular now. Now teachers are using computers instead of chalk and board
in their teaching. Such digital lessons attract the students and make learning more
interesting and effective. In Japan and other advanced countries students carry only CDs of
different subjects and learn more with the help of computers. CDs can store the matter of
800 pages. Through internet services, we gather information quickly and accurately. Thus
the computers are useful in many ways. The knowledge of computer is very essential for
everyone. So computer education should be made compulsory in schools and colleges.
10. Environmental Pollution
Environment: The world around us is called environment. It includes temperature, plant
life, animal life, air, water, rainfall, light and heat and in other words, the natural conditions
such as air, water and land in which man lives. Healthy environment gives healthy life. Life
and environment are the two faces of the same coin.
Pollution : Man is meddling with Nature. He is rendering the environment useless or
harmful. He is polluting the environment for his selfishness.
Types of pollution :
1. Water pollution 2. Air pollution 3. Noise pollution 4. Soil pollution
Causes of pollution:
1. Too much use of the environment/overuse of environment.
2. Destruction of forests/deforestation - results in the decrease of rainfall.
3. Destruction of wild life
4. Use of pesticides, fertilizers causes soil pollution.
5. Growth of population leads to urbanization and urbanization creates slums and
unhygienic localities.
6. Vehicle engines have not been kept in good condition. They emit more smoke.
7. Factories emit poisonous gases into air and also dangerous chemicals into water.
8. Smoke from the vehicles and factories cause air pollution.
9. Sound from the vehicles and factories cause sound pollution.
10. Unhygienic way of life of people viz- washing, bathing of people and animals near water
ponds, tanks and wells etc. pollute our environment.
Effects of Pollution:
The pollution of air and water has resulted in the birth and spread of diseases. Scientists
have been finding out remedies for these diseases. Today the water of the Ganges is so
polluted that it is not safe for drinking. Air pollution is poisoning the atmosphere. The ozone
layer is being destroyed. The ozone layer stops the ultraviolet rays from entering the
atmosphere. Ultra violet rays are harmful to environment and human beings. Noise
pollution is another kind of pollution. A high level of noise is harmful to our ears and mind.
We lose our mental peace; we may lose our hearing capacity by hearing loud sounds.
People in rural areas do not follow any sanitary system. They do not keep their
surroundings clean. This leads unhealthy life.
Remedies: Suggestions to control pollution
 Health is wealth. Good health is found in good nature. So keep the environment
clean.
 Keep the water sources like wells, rivers, tanks and lakes clean.
 Keep your vehicles in good condition, to reduce the volume of smoke.
 Factories should use safety measures like chimneys to emit smoke.
 Protect wild life.
 Plant more trees, follow the rule of 'One family, one tree'.
 Educate people in 'civic sanitation'.
 Stringent punishments should be given to law breakers or to those who pollute the
environment.
 Thus the effects of pollution are very harmful. If we want to lead healthy life healthy
environment is necessary. "The children of today are the citizens of tomorrow". So it
our duty to protect and safeguard our environment.
FOR PRACTICE
1. Environment
2. Importance of Forests.
3. FIT INDIA MOVEMENT.
4. National Integration/Festivals/Symbols.
5. Steps taken by India to Prevent Terrorism.
STORY WRITING
Marking Scheme:
* Logical organization of thoughts 1/2
* Meaningfully developed story with effective expression and language. accuracy. 1
* Coherence/Continuity of thought. 1/2
* Grammatically correct sentences related to the hints provided. 1/2
* Conclusion. 1/2
Develop a story, using the clues given below.
1. A race — hare and tortoise — hare — boasted — tortoise — humble — hare — ran fast
— tortoise — just moving — hare — slept — tortoise — slowly reached — hare — got up —
ran — but lost — moral.
This is an interesting moral story. It teaches us many values. Once upon a time there was
a race between a hare and tortoise. The hare boasted himself. The tortoise was very
humble. The race had begun. The hare ran very fast. The tortoise was just moving slowly.
The hare thought that, it could rest for a while. It slept under a tree. The tortoise reached
the end line. The hare got up and ran very fast but, lost the race. The tortoise was
declared as the winner.
Moral: Never underestimate anyone. / Slow and steady wins the race.
2. We -- friends --forest--peacocks--elephants-- hill--stream flowing -- sunset – jumped --
joy--danced--returned ---evening.
I went to Shivamogga to meet my friend Rajesh. We friends, decided to go to picnic. We
went to the Agumbe forest. The forest was full of birds, animals and waterfalls. We saw
many peacocks and elephants. They were very beautiful to look at. There were streams
flowing out of hills and created waterfalls. We witnessed the sunset. It was very
beautiful. We jumped and danced with joy and returned home in the evening.
For Practice
1. A poor woodcutter — cutting wood — tree on a river bank — axe fell into the river —
goddess — golden axe — refused — silver axe — refused — goddess — wooden axe —
accepted — goddess gave golden and silver axes — blessing — moral.
2. King once brought singing bird — great love and affection on it — wanted to hear its
song — kept it in golden cage — fed it in golden plate — looked after well — but gradually
bird stopped singing — king gave everything — but not freedom.
3. A silly shepherd boy rearing sheep in woods — wants to check if villagers nearby — cries,
‘wolf, wolf’ — villagers come to help — he laughs and calls them, ‘silly eared’ — this repeats
— villagers decide not to respond any more — one day, the wolf comes — the boy cries for
help — no one cares to help — wolf feasts on sheep — moral.
4. Robert Bruce — king of Scotland — waged war — defeated in the war — driven out of
the city — hid himself in a cave — saw a spider trying to build web — fails in its attempts —
fails many times — succeeds at last — king saw this — learnt the lesson — once again
waged war — succeeded.
5. In a distant village — farmer — a magical hen — one golden egg — Every day — the
richest man — He thought — lazy hen — greedy and impatient — thought of an idea —
take out all the eggs — big knife — cut her stomach — no eggs — hen died — moral.
6. In a village — a clever elephant — there a river nearby — used to go for bath daily — it
was passing by a tailor shop. The tailor — bananas daily. One day not given bananas —
pricked needle. Elephant — angry — came with muddy water in its trunk — sprayed muddy
water — tailor’s shop — dirty. The tailor — repented.
DESCRIPTIVE WRITING (Picture composition) 3Marks
Marking Scheme:
* Topic sentence and the composition must match the given picture and show clear
connection. ½
* coherence and variety in expression 1
* grammatically correct sentences simple language, explicit message. 1
* vocabulary, punctuation to be given importance. ½
Study the picture given below. Write a description or an account of what the picture
suggests to you in a paragraph.
The picture is about; “an accident scene” because of population explosion and movement
of more vehicles causes accidents on roads. We should take care while driving on roads and
obey road safety rules. Here a college going girl met with an accident. The passersby and
her friends saw the accident and rushed to help her. Her books were scattered on the road.
All were frightened. The driver was also scared looking at the girl. Her friends gave her
water and treated her with first aid. They called the ambulance to take her to the hospital.
 Pedestrians are requested to keep off the grass.
 You are requested to turn off your cell phones.
 Dogs are not allowed here.
 Fishing is prohibited here.
 Visitors are requested to remove shoes.
 Do not use junk food and alcoholic drinks.
 Thank you for not smoking.
 Put garbage /waste in the dust bins. “keep clean”.
FOR PRACTICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7,
KARNATAKA SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD, BANGALORE-03
MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 01- 2019-20 (Regular Fresh)
SUBJECT: SECOND LANGUAGE ENGLISH 31E TIME: 2 HRS. 30 MIN MAX.MARKS:80
I Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions/incomplete
statements. Only one of them is correct or most appropriate. Choose the
correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its letter of
alphabet. 4 X 1= 4
1. Choose the appropriate question tag and fill in the blank:
Manasa sings well,
(A) does she (B) didn't she (C) doesn't she (D) don't she
2. Read the conversation and fill in the blank with correct 'If clause' choosing
from the given alternatives:
Vandana: You are still here! Did you miss the bus?
Aishwarya: Yes. By the time I reached the bus stop it was already 7.40 !
Vandana: oh! If you had started early, you missed the bus.
(A) would have (B) would n't have (C) Should have (D) shouldn't have
3. Read the conversation and choose the correct infinitive:
Meghana: Hi Arati, will you come with me to the market? I want to buy
vegetables. Arati: Sure. Shall we go by bus?
Meghana: No. Let's take an auto.
(A) take (B) come (C) to buy (D) go
4. Read the given conversation and choose the language function for the
underlined sentence:
Kavya: For how many days are you going to Mysore, Kala?
Kala: Three days. I've to attend my aunt's marriage. But I'm worried that I
am going to miss a lot of classes.
Kavya: Don't worry, I'll give you my notes.
(A) Giving suggestion (B) Giving advice
(C) Offering help (D) Making a request
11 Do as directed: 12 X 1 = 12
5. Fill in the blank with appropriate tense forms of the verbs given in
brackets:
Prajwal (be+study) in a government high school.
6. Fill in the blank with appropriate 'preposition':
Raghav is a teacher. He works hard the welfare of his students.
7. Fill in the blank using suitable linker:
............... ........ he was ill, Kiran completed his work.
8. Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate words given in the brackets:
The (whether, weather) looked so unpredictable that we did not know
(weather, whether) to carry the umbrella or not.
9. Combine the word in column 'A' with its collocative word in column 'B':
'A' 'B'
Street [road, park, light, avenue]
10. Give one word answer:
A great performer, especially a musician-
11. Which one of the following words has two syllables?
Continent, age, people, direction
12. Write the correct form of the word given in the brackets:
There is no (compare) between them.
13. Frame a question to get the underlined word as answer:
Raghu went to Mysore yesterday.
14. Read the following conversation and change the underlined sentence
into passive voice:
Sharath: Hello Madhu, what did you buy yesterday?
Madhu: I bought a new dress.
15. Change the following sentence into comparative degree:
Ravish is the most intelligent boy in the class.
16. Use the word 'conduct' as verb in a sentence of your own.
III The following paragraph has two errors. Edit the paragraph and rewrite it in
the answer book. Clues are given: 1X2=2
17. Although Dravidian in origin, Kannada has been high influenced by
Sanskrit. According to some scholars, its early literature dates back with the
5th century A.D.
Clues: (A) Adverbial mistake to be corrected. (B) Preposition to be corrected.
IV Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each: 7 X 2 =14
18. Why is Dr. B.R. Ambedkar considered as a champion of the depressed
classes in India?
19. How is pursuit of science an exciting adventure?
20. Why do the tea cups circle around the poet like planets around the
Sun?
21. What do we learn from Satish Gujral's life?
22. Why does Roma consider Baleshwar's action to be amazing?
23. How does inspector Patil help Mohan and his family? OR
How did Dicky Dolma feel after scaling Mt. Everest?
24. How can you say that Hanif was a talented young man? OR
What qualities of Wangjia do you like?
V Answer the following questions in 5-6 sentences each: 2X3=6
25. How did Swami become a hero overnight though he was not
courageous?
26. How does the poet Marina de Bellagenta express the feelings of the
land?
VI Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow: 4 X 3 =12
27. 'Friend', he said, 'I do not like to have you speak to me in that manner'.
a) Who is the speaker?
b) Who did he address as friend?
c) Why didn't he like the manner of speaking?
28. 'I've — I've --- always wanted to hear him and see him '
a) Who is 'I' here?
b) Who does ` him' refer to?
c) Why did he want to hear him and see him?
29. 'They are simple men and must have their relaxation.'
a) Who is the speaker here?
b) Who are 'simple men 'according to the speaker?
c) Why did the speaker say so?
30. 'So we shuddered there in silence,-
For the stoutest held his breath,'
a) Who does 'we' refer to?
b) What does 'stoutest' mean in the context?
c) Why did he hold his breath?
VII Given below is a profile. Write a paragraph using the clues given below:
1X3=3
31.Sarojini Naidu : Date of Birth: 13th February 1879, Hyderabad
Parents : Barada Sundari Devi, Aghornath Chattopadhyaya
Education : University of Madras; King's college, London
Notable works : In the Bazaars of Hyderabad, The Golden Threshold
Associations : Indian National Congress.
VIII Develop the story using the clues given below: 1X3=3
32. Three friends—two geese , a tortoise --- decide to migrate—food ,water--
-geese fly— tortoise can't---devise a way—carry tortoise--hold stick with
their beaks—tortoise not to speak---hold the middle of the stick--children
clap---tortoise angry--- bursts out---fell--- moral.
IX Study the picture given below. Write a description or an account of what
the picture suggests to you in a paragraph: 1 X 3= 3
33.
X Quote from memory: 1X4=4
34. It is enthroned----------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
---------------------seasons justice.
OR You talk of-----------------------------

-------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
-------------------- -----day or night
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 1 x 4 = 4 (2 X 2)
35. There seems to be a general opinion in this country that Sardar Patel
was slightly of a harsh and rough temperament. Men call him the 'Iron
man of India'. He was, no doubt, an Iron man in the sense that one could
rely on him for strict and efficient administration. But as a man, to those
who had the good fortune of coming into close contact with him, he was
kind and considerate. At times, he even became emotional, where his
friends and followers were concerned. However, it goes without saying
that the Sardar had the great skill for organizing affairs. He knew the way
of picking people and putting them in their proper places. Once he
judged a man and found him correct, he trusted him fully and got him to do
anything he wanted.
(A) What lessons do you learn from the life of the Sardar Patel?
(B) What kind of a man was Sardar Patel in his private life?
XII Answer the following question in about 8-10 sentences: 1 X 4 = 436.
According to the poet, his grandmother was a genius. Substantiate this
Statement. OR
The pathetic figure of Jazz player is lifted by his music. Justify. OR
How does the poet portray the positive side of India in the poem 'The song
of India'?
XIII Write an essay on any one of the following: 1X4=4
37. a) Population explosion in cities b) Mobile Phonesc) Importance of Sports
XIV Write a letter using the information given below: l x 5= 5
38. imagine you are Pallavi/ Kiran studying in Government High School,
Bellary. Write a letter to your friend about the election conducted in your
school for 'School Parliament'. OR
Write a letter to the officer, Bellary Corporation, complaining about bad
roads in your area.
SSLC SECOND LANGUAGE ENGLISH SCORING PACKAGE – CHIKMAGALUR DISTRICT
KARNATAKA SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD, BANGALORE-03

MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 02- 2019-20 (Regular Fresh)
SUBJECT: SECOND LANGUAGE ENGLISH 31E TIME: 2 HRS. 30 MIN MAX.MARKS:80
I Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions/incomplete

statements. Only one of them is correct or most appropriate. Choose the
correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its letter of
alphabet. 4 X 1= 4
1. Read the given conversation and choose the language function for the
Sanjay: Good morning madam. Can I go home an hour early today? Teacher:
Why? What happened?
Sanjay: My sister is not well. I've to take her to the hospital. Teacher: okay, you
can go.
(A) Asking advice (B) Asking permission (C) Making suggestion (D) Offering help
2. Read the given conversation and choose the passive form of the
Jayaram: Hello Keerthi, What are you doing?
Keerthi: Hello Jayaram, I am writing an essay .
(A) An essay is being written by me. (B) An essay was being written by me.
(C) An essay was written by me. (D) An essay is written by me.
3. Choose the appropriate question tag and fill in the blank:
They are coming,
(A) do they (B) don't they (C)aren't they (D) are they
4. Choose the appropriate 'if' clause and fill in the blank:
Kumuda: Suma, did you bring your notes? Suma: Sorry, I forgot.
Kumuda: If you had brought the notes, I copied it.
(A) should've (B) wouldn'tve (C) would've (D) shouldn't ve
II. Do as directed: 12 x 1= 12
5.Fill in the blank with appropriate tense forms of the verbs given in the brackets:
Sarala………………..(be + earn) money by giving tuition.
6. Fill in the blank with appropriate preposition:
Madhuri was filled surprise when her name was called out.
7. Write the correct form of the word given in the brackets:
The cricket players' performance was (impress)
8. Choose the appropriate auxiliary verb and fill in the blank:
One of the boys (was/were) punished.
9. Fill in the blank using suitable linker:
Think well………………..you speak.
10. Fill in the blank with correct phrasal verb:
We look (up to/ up for) our elders for guidance.
11. Read the following conversation and change the underlined sentence
intoreported speech:
Policeman: What are you doing in the park?
[Type text] Page 105

Ravi: I'm walking my dog in the park.

Policeman asked Ravi………………………
12. Frame a question to get the underlined words as answer:
Mohan went to Mysore to see the palace.
13. Which one of the following words has one syllable?
Moon, Kilo, honesty, prepare
14. Write the opposite of the underlined word in the given sentence:
In cities roads are wide. But in villages they are
15. Combine the word in column 'A' with its collocative word in column 'B':
'A' 'B'
Lunch [dinner, box, food, supper]
16. Identify the part of speech of the underlined word:
Water is a colourless liquid.
III. The following paragraph has two errors. Edit the paragraph and rewrite it in
the answer booklet. Clues are given: 1x2=2
17.Swami rise silently and tiptoed to his bed in the passage; Granny was sitting
up in her bed, and remarked, "Boy are you already feeling sleepy? Don't you
want to here a story?"
Clues A) tense form to be corrected B) spelling mistake to be corrected.
IV Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each: 7 x 2 = 14
18. Why did Nehru choose Ambedkar as the law minister?
19. What lessons did Keilis Borok learn at the Geneva Summit?
20. Why does the poet have the feeling that he is imprisoned?
21. How can you say that Don Anselmo was passionate about his land and the
children of Rio en Media?
22.How can you say that Pepe was loyal to Columbus ?
23. What do you think is the writer of 'Narayanapur incident' trying to
impress upon the readers? OR
What qualities of Dicky Dolma led her to realise her dream?
24. Life for Hanif ,in the beginning ,was never a smooth sail. Explain. OR
Why were the people miserable in Wangjia's village?
V Answer the following questions in 5-6 sentences each: 2x3=6
25. How did the bird in the garden change Satish's life?
26. Why does the poet's mother asserts her right to reside in a tree?
VI. Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow: 4 x 3 =12
27. 'A frightful proposition, Swami thought'.
a) What was the frightful proposition?
b) Who made it?
c) Why did Swami regard it as ' a frightful proposition' ?
28. `I'm new to Mumbai, but I have noticed that people here are afraid'.
A) Who is the speaker?
b) Why had the speaker come to Mumbai?
c) Why were the people afraid?
29. 'Tomorrow morning we perform for the boy-yes?' he said.
a) Who is the speaker?
b) Who is the 'boy' here?

c) Why would they perform for the boy?
30. 'We were crowded in the cabin,
Not a soul would dare to sleep.'
a) Who does the word 'we' refer to here?
b) Why were they crowded in the cabin?
c) 'Not a soul would dare to sleep '- why was it so?
VII Given below is a profile. Write a paragraph using the clues given below: 1 x 3 = 3
31. Sudhakar
Age : 40 years
Date of Birth : 25 th October Qualification: MBA
Place of Birth : Bellary
Name of the spouse : Smt. Radhika- homemaker Daughter: Latha- studying in
7th standard
Work experience : Working as Manager at Ranbaxy India Ltd, Chennai
VIII Develop the story using the clues given below: 1x3 = 3
32. In a village--- a clever elephant--- there a river nearby---go for bath daily----
passing by a tailor shop--The tailor---bananas daily-- one day not given
bananas --- pricked needle--- elephant angry--- came with muddy water in
its trunk---- sprayed----tailor's shop dirty---- he repented. Moral
IX Look at the signs given below. Frame appropriate instructions on each of them:
1x3=3
33.

X Quote from memory: 1 x 4= 4
34.The quality of-----------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------
-------------------- ---------- him that takes.
OR
My day or night-----------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------- ---------------Always day.
XI Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 1 X 4 = 4 ( 2 x 2)
35. Man has altered many of the physical features of the earth with the tools
of science. He has transformed woodlands and prairies into farmland. He
has constructed lakes and dams to irrigate or to harness hydroelectric
power. By cutting through mountain, he has almost modified the very face
of the earth. However his attempts to bring about change in the physical
environment have not always been beneficial. Today pollution of the air and
water endangers the health of our planet. The automobile exhausts and the
smokes from the factories are affecting our health. Pollution from oil is killing
marine life. The whole ecological balance of the sea is getting changed due to oil
slick. Industrial and domestic wastes have choked several rivers.
Conservationists strongly feel that if mankind and life were to survive on
earth man must limit the growth of technology.
(A) What are the effects of pollution?
(B) How has man altered the earth?
XII Answer the following questions in about 8-10 sentences each: 1x4=4
36. Write in your own words the summary of the poem 'The song of India'. OR
How does the poet describe the Jazz player's appearance and his music? OR
In the poem 'I am the land' the speaker is patient, yet assertive. Substantiate in
your own words.
XIII Write an essay on any one of the following: 1x4=4
37. a) Ban on plastics
b) Uses of internet
c) Environment
XIV Write a letter using the information given below: 1x5=5
38. Imagine you are Kavya/ Nikhil studying in Government High School, Bangalore.
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about illegal parking and
encroachment of footpaths by vendors in your area.
OR
Write a letter inviting your friend to spend summer holidays with you.

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The Resource Team

Sl. No. Name School Name

2 There’s a Girl by the Tracks! Quality of Mercy (Memorization) 9-15

3 Gentleman of Rio en Medio I am the Land 15-20

4 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar The Song of India 20-28

5 The Concert Jazz Poem Two 28-33

6 The Discovery Ballad of the Tempest (Memorization) 33-40

7 Colours of Silence The Blind Boy (Memorization) 40-47

8 Science and Hope of Off to Outer Space 47-53

1 Narayanpur Incident 53-54

2 On Top of the World 54-54

3 A Great Martyr Ever Cherished 55-55

4 The Bird of Happiness 55-56

VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR, COMPREHENSION AND COMPOSITION

5 Model question papers 100-107

THE BLIND BOY

OFF TO OUTER SPACE TOMORROW MORNING

Give one word for the following:

Three letter having one syllable

Write the number of syllables that the following words have.

 Accept – Ac-Cept =2  School – School =1

MODAL VERBS AND LANGUAGE FUUNCTION

What function does each modal do?

Identify the language function:

PRIMARY AUXILIARY VERBS

AN EASY WAY TO WRITE PARAGRAPH

2) Given below is a profile of Mr Venkatesh a Doctor write a paragraph based on the

LETTER WRITING (OFFICIAL/FORMAL) 5 Marks

Date: 23rd September 2019

Sub : Bad condition of roads in our locality

OR You talk of-----------------------------

KARNATAKA SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD, BANGALORE-03

I Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions/incomplete

[Type text] Page 105

Ravi: I'm walking my dog in the park.

b) Who is the 'boy' here?

[Type text] Page 107

X Quote from memory: 1 x 4= 4

34.The quality of-----------------------------

[Type text] Page 108

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