IDP Final Report Group 8

SEAA3022-03
INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT 1

GROUP 8
HORIXON CONSTRUCT SDN BHD
Name Matric
AHMAD NAJWAN BIN LAWRENCE A19EA0006
ALI MOHAMMED SALEH AL-OBADI A19EA0196
CHIN SIAW SHI A19EA0026

HASNA PUTRI ZAHIRA A19EA0200
HUSSUN MAHMOOD JAWAHEER A19EA0201
LESLIE TAN LE YING A19EA0056
MOHAMMAD OMAR ABDULLAH AL-BAITI A19EA0208
MUHAMMAD ZIDANE FATURRAHMAN A19EA0213
SITI NURSYAMIRA BINTI SALLEH A19EA0187
SYAMIL AZIEM AHMAD SAHARUDDIN A19EA0154
TABLE OF CONTENT
NO. CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE
1.0 COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND
1.2 MISSION
1.3 VISION
1.4 ORGANISATION CHART
5
CHAPTER 1 1.5 SCOPE OF WORK
1.0 -
INTRODUCTION 1.5.1 SITE PLANNING & EARTHWORK DEPARTMENT (SPED)
1.5.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 9
DEPARTMENT (ESCD)
1.5.3 WATER RETICULATION DEPARTMENT (WRD)
1.5.4 COST & ESTIMATION (CED)
1.6 GANTT CHART
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 SCOPE OF WORK
2.1.2 EARTHWORK COMMON REQUIREMENTS
2.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND
2.2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.2.2 SITE INVENTORY
2.2.3 SITE ANALYSIS
2.3 DESIGN REQUIRMENTS
2.3.1 PROPOSED LEVEL 10
CHAPTER 2
2.0 2.3.2 CUT AND FILL -
EARTHWORK 2.3.2.1 GRID METHOD 52
2.3.2.2 CUT AND FILL LAYOUT
2.3.3 CROSS-SECTION
2.3.4 SLOPE STABILITY
2.3.4.1 BISHOP METHOD OF SLICES
2.3.4.2 RESULTS OF SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS
(BISHOP METHOD)
2.4 REFERENCES
2.5 APPENDIX
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 SITE DESCRIPTION
3.3 RUNOFF MANAGEMENT BMPS
CHAPTER 3 53
3.3.1 DESIGN CRITERIA
3.0 EROSION & SEDIMENT -
CONTROL 3.3.2 RAINFALL ESTIMATION 96
3.3.3 PEAK DISCHARGE ESTIMATION
3.3.4 AREA CALCULATION
3.3.5 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
3.3.6 TEMPORARY DRAINAGE DESIGN
3.3.6.1 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
3.3.6.2 RESULTS
3.4 SEDIMENT CONTROL BMPS
3.4.1 SOIL LOSS ESTIMATION
3.4.1.2 RESULTS
3.5 SEDIMENT YIELD ESTIMATION
3.5.2 RESULTS
3.6 SEDIMENT BASIN DESIGN
3.6.3 RESULTS
3.6.4 ENGINEERING DRAWING FOR A DRY BASIN
3.7 EROSION CONTROL BMPS
3.7.1 SILT FENCE
3.7.2 WASH TROUGH
3.7.3 GEOTEXTILES AND MATS
3.7.4 SKID TANK
3.8 APPENDIX
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 OBJECTIVES
4.3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
4.3.1 GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA
4.3.2 WATER DEMAND
4.3.3 PIPE SELECTION
4.3.4 PEAK FLOW RATE
4.3.5 FIRE FIGHTING FLOW
4.3.6 FLOW BALANCING BY ITERATION
4.3.7 HEAD LOSSES
4.3.8 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE VELOCITY
4.3.9 HEIGHT OF ELEVATED WATER TANK
4.3.10 CAPACITY OF ELEVATED WATER TANK
4.3.11 SITE DIMENSIONS FOR SERVICE RESERVOIR 97
CHAPTER 4 (CIRCULAR FOOTPRINT)
4.0 -
WATER RETICULATION 4.4 CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
4.4.1 WATER DEMAND CALCULATION 129
4.4.2 ANALYSIS RESULT FROM EPANET
4.4.3 WATER TANK DIMENSION CALCULATION
4.4.4 HEIGHT OF THE ELEVATED WATER TANK
4.4.5 SITE DIMENSIONS FOR SERVICE RESERVOIR
(CIRCULAR FOOTPRINT)
4.5 DISCUSSION
4.6 CONCLUSION
4.7 REFERENCES
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 WORK OF SPECIFICATION
5.3 EARTHWORK DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
5.4 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENT PLANNING
5.5 COST OF CONSIDERATION
5.6 PROPOSED LEVEL
5.7 COST ESTIMATION
5.8 COST ESTIMATION BEFORE COST REDUCTION
5.8.1 REMOVAL OF TREES
5.8.2 EXCAVATE TOP SOIL
5.8.3 CUT TO FORMATION LEVEL
5.8.4 TRANSPORT FROM CUT TO FILL
130
CHAPTER 5 5.8.5 FILL TO FORMATION LEVEL
5.0 5.8.6 COMPACTION
-
COSTING AND ESTIMATING
5.8.7 DISPOSAL OF EXCESSIVE CUT 219
5.8.8 GRADING
5.9 ESTIMATION AFTER COST REDUCTION
5.9.1 REMOVAL OF TREES
5.9.2 EXCAVATE TOP SOIL
5.9.3 CUT TO FORMATION LEVEL
5.9.4 TRANSPORT FROM CUT TO FILL
5.9.5 FILL TO FORMATION LEVEL
5.9.6 COMPACTION
5.9.7 DISPOSAL OF EXCESSIVE CUT
5.9.8 GRADING
5.10 PROJECT TIMELINE
220
CHAPTER 6
6.0 6.0 CONCLUSION -
CONCLUSION
221
INTRODUCTION
5
1.0 COMPANY PROFILE
1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND
Horixon Construct SDN BHD was established on April 1, 2022 in Skudai, Johor. We strive to
provide high-quality engineering services that meet communities' evolving needs while also
contributing to their progress. Our mission is to be the leading global organization in building
high-quality, clean, and pleasant construction projects for modern communities.
Our CEO, Ahmad Najwan, was in charge of project management. This firm is organized into
four major divisions: Department of Earthwork, Department of Soil Erosion Control,
Department of Water Reticulation, and Department of Estimating.
Horixon Construct SDN BHD is poised to fly even higher in the next years, motivated by its
purpose of providing the finest in global infrastructure while maintaining integrity.
1.2 MISSION:
Delivering the best for global infrastructure with integrity, ensuring sustainability and
economic growth.
1.3 VISION:
To be the top global company that prioritize customers' needs, build high quality, clean, and
comfortable construction projects for modern communities.
6
1.4 ORGANISATION CHART
7
1.5 SCOPE OF WORK
1.5.1 SITE PLANNING & EARTHWORK DEPARTMENT (SPED)
The Site Planning & Earthwork department works to come up with a proposed level for each
zone while reducing waste by reusing and recycling excavated materials; balancing cutting and
filling; plant operations; soil testing; soil alterations or stabilisation; and so on. The purpose of
earthworks is to create a design that is viable, useful, buildable, and appropriate for the target
purpose. Land requirements, including all temporary work, should be considered. During the
construction phase and for future maintenance operations, the design should be prepared to
minimise environmental consequences.
1.5.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL DEPARTMENT (ESCD)
The ESCP department objectives are to prevent erosion and to minimize the aftermaths on
sedimentation from on site to off site according to the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment guidelines. The effective conducted by using the current site planning, design,
and other construction related activities. It is required to develop and prepare the existing area
in order to construct residential, commercial, business and other areas that are proposed in this
specific area, and ensure of any possible erosion and sedimentation that might occur throughout
the development process.
1.5.3 WATER RETICULATION DEPARTMENT (WRD)
This department designs the pipe network and estimates the water demand for the site area
according to the Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN) design guidelines. Besides,
this department also needs to determine the storage tank volume, pump capacity and position
of fire hydrants. Then, the storage tank elevation is decided based on the elevation data obtained
from the Site Planning and Earthwork Department. This department must ensure that their
design is able to provide sufficient residual pressure head for the daily water usage. EPANET
software is used in this department to ease the calculation and design process.
8
1.5.4 COST & ESTIMATING (CED)
This department typical responsibilities include analyzing plans, such as determining the time
frame required to complete the project and additional factors such as labor requirements,
materials, budget and potential setbacks, quantity invoices and other project documentation to
estimate costs, and researching, negotiating, aiming to get the best prices and offers from
suppliers and subcontractors. They use the software to assess production hazards, generate
reports, and provide project executives with recommendations for future project.
1.6 GANTT CHART
9
EARTHWORK
10
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Any project involving civil engineering would include earthworks. The process of excavating,
moving, placing, and compacting fill materials to construct earthen structures for a site project
is known as earthwork. These processes are carried out in the early stages of a construction
project. For the entire construction project to be completed on time, finishing the earthwork
within the allocated time frame is crucial. The success of earthwork depends on thorough site
investigation and the creation of workable, satisfactory earthwork designs that can result in the
most environmentally friendly and cost-effective construction. The earthwork, which makes
up more than half of the total cost of a project, is typically the most expensive operation in the
construction of roads.
In general, earthworks operation can be divided into:

i. Site clearance and preparation. The clearing processes of site are different in urban
and rural areas which consists of clearing, grubbing, and stripping topsoil.
ii. Excavation. the method of moving earth or rock from its original location in a cut to a
fill or a waste deposit after loosening and removing it from there.
iii. Construction of embankments. It is used to meet design requirements or prevent
damage from surface or ground water when the vertical alignment of the road needs to
be raised above the level of the existing ground.
iv. Soil Compaction. Brings the particles of a material (soil) into closer contact with one
another and increases density by forcing air out of the material's voids.
v. Finishing operations. Involves trimming of formation level, shoulders, ditches, and
side slopes.
The movement and/or processing of significant quantities of soil or unformed rock results in
the creation of earthworks, which are engineering works. To create the desired topography,
earthwork techniques like cutting and filling are used. The topography of a site is changed
through earthwork in order to reach the desired levels. Because it is simple to keep track of the
amount of work being done, earthwork is perfect for incentive systems like task work. The
selection and effective use of the appropriate types and sizes of machinery to satisfy the specific
requirements of the site were carried out in accordance with BS 6031 guidelines on the design
and construction of earthworks in general civil engineering schemes.
11
2.1.1 SCOPE OF WORK
The Site Planning & Earthwork department works to come up with a proposed level for each
zone while reducing waste by reusing and recycling excavated materials, balancing cutting and
filling, plant operations, soil testing, soil alterations or stabilization and so on. The purpose of
earthworks is to create a design that is viable, useful, buildable, and appropriate for the target
purpose.
The earthwork department's duties can be summed up as follows:
i. Establishing a proposed level
ii. Calculate its cut and fill volume by using grid method
iii. Produce a cross section of the cut and fill site plan
iv. Calculate the slope stability
2.1.2 EARTHWORK COMMON REQUIREMENTS

Based on the earthwork law based to the Street, Drainage and Building Act (Act 133):
According to the law, earthwork includes any act of dealing with or disturbing any land,
including excavation, levelling, filling with any material, piling, building foundations or
planting trees.
1. No one shall begin, carry out, or permit to be begun or carried out any earthworks
without first submitting the plans and specifications for the earthworks to the local
authority and obtaining the local authority's approval, therefore.
2. Every time you work on a structural design for a local authority, you must submit a
plan for approval and check the requirements and regulations that apply to your
particular design.
3. Any location where earthworks are to begin or be completed in order to construct a
building, street, pipe, or any other type of construction or work.
4. Anyone who violates any of the provisions of this section, disobeys a directive, or fails
to follow the rules and regulations is subject to a maximum sentence of five years in
prison, a maximum fine of RM50 000, or both.
5. If there are any existing buildings or structures on the earthwork site, they must be
removed or demolished before the site is prepared for work.
Even though we must comply with the outlined requirements while working on the project, it
is possible to modify them depending on the requirements of the site.
12
2.2 PROJECT BACKGROUND
2.2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project is conducted with the purpose of constructing an industrial area located near Taman
Dato Chellam, Ulu Tiram, Johor. This includes dormitory for industrial workers.
Figure 2.1 (a): Proposed Development Area.
The objectives of this project are to:
 Provide additional job opportunities to surrounding residents of Taman Dato Chellam

 Increase overall economy of the area
 Attracting local or foreign investors to finance the development of Ulu Tiram
 Manufacture land developments located near highway
 Apply Civil Engineering knowledge to conduct large scale projects without comprising
current or future generation
13
2.2.2 SITE INVENTORY
A site inventory is essentially a list of the objects on the property that are actively in use. If
neighbouring properties include elements that affect the future design, they should be evaluated
as well. A base map or simple plot plan can be used to record the position of inventoried
elements. When a construction company has several projects to oversee, this is especially
critical, since efficient scheduling can become very difficult.
The elements that were present on neighbouring properties must be considered because they
might influence future design. Therefore, the goal of a site inventory may be summed up as a
fast evaluation of the site to identify any potential major site assets and liabilities and to create
a framework for land planning and design.
Information gathered through site inventory:
 Two highest point:

I. 88.99m
II. 70.79m
 Lowest point:
I. 31.17m
II. 37.07m
 Site entrance:
I. Northeast of Taman Dato Chellam along the road of Persiaran Dato Chellam.
II. Leaning towards east of Taman Puteri Wangsa at an elevation of 40.06m
 Vegetation: Palm oil plantation
 Structures:
I. Drainage along highway
II. Road
 Surrounding buildings
I. Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Puteri Wangsa
II. Commercial area
III. Residential area
14
`
Figure 2.2 (a): Proposed Development Area
15
2.2.3 SITE ANALYSIS
An evaluation of a site's physical, psychological, and social attributes is done through a site
analysis with the goal of coming up with a solution that will benefit the site's features. Every
location has its own distinct and detailed elements, including a range of geography, flora and
fauna, watercourses, and weather patterns. Before a decision is made, each of them should be
considered as they all could have an impact on the design. The placement of buildings, their
orientation, forms, and materials may be determined with the help of an appropriate and
thorough analysis of these factors. This will then have an impact on the structure, sustainability,
and method of procurement.
Information gathered from site analysis:
 Topography
 Ecology
 Geological features
 Safety hazards
 Wind patterns
16
2.3 DESIGN REQUIRMENTS
2.3.1 PROPOSED LEVEL
Proposed level means the proposed elevation of ground surface of land upon which fill is
proposed to be placed or the site is proposed to be altered. Site investigation and site analysis
on the topography of the project site were done before selecting the best proposed level. Since
the project site topography is a non-flat region, the development area was divided into 18 zones
with different proposed levels. The proposed level of each zone was determined by taking
consideration of the highest and lowest points of the zone and generally the proposed level is
the average of those two respective points. This method will balance the cut and fill ratio which
in turn will minimize the needs of importation of soil materials and overall cost of earthwork
and construction.
Beside the topography of the project site, there are other factors that were taken into
consideration in choosing the best proposed level for our development zones. One of them is
the existence of water catchment area in two of the of the zones which is zones 13 and zone 8.
Since the purposed of water catchment area is to collect water from surrounding area thus these
two zones need to be lower than the surrounding zones. In addition, water catchment area in
zone 13 is the lowest proposed level in the development area at the height of 34 from mean sea
level. Other than that, the existence of water tank in zone 1 need a higher elevation from the
any of those zones in the development area due to the need of pressure head to distribute water
to the development area. The elevation zone 1 is at 71.4 m from mean sea level which is the
highest in the development area.
17
Figure 2.3 (a): Proposed Levels of Development Area.
Figure 2.3 (b): Development Area with Proposed Zones Level.
18
Figure 2.3 (c): Water Catchment Area A (Zone 8).
Figure 2.3 (d): Water Catchment Area B (Zone 13).
19
Figure 2.3 (e): Water Tank Area (Zone 1).
2.3.2 CUT AND FILL
Cutting and filling is the process of moving earth from one place to another to make ground
more level. A 'cut' is made when earth is cut from above the desired ground height and a 'fill'
is when earth is used to fill a hole to desired ground level. Cut and fill ratio in any earthwork
project is important as it directly affect the overall cost of earthworks. This is because when
the fill volume is more than the cut volume then there will be a need of importation of soil to
fill in the excess fill volume.
Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the percentage difference of cut and fill volume less
than 15% in this project to avoid any unnecessary of importing soil from other place. In this
project, we have calculated the cut and fill volume by using two methods which is Grid
Method by Microsoft Excel and Tin Volume Method by using Civil 3D.
20
2.3.2.1 GRID METHOD
The grid method of calculation involves drawing a grid onto the plan for the earthwork project.
For each node of the grid, determine the existing and proposed ground level and calculate the
cut or fill required. Once the cut or fill depth is calculated, multiply the value by the area of the
grid cell. The area of our grid is set to 25m x 25m, thus the area of our grid is 625m 2. A more
detail procedures of conducting grid method are as below:
1. The best orientation of 25m x 25m grid was drawn on the project plan.
2. The reduced level of each corner or node of the grids was recorded.
3. The average of the reduced level obtained from each corner of the grid was
calculated.
4. The area of the grid is determined.
5. The proposed level of each corner or node of the grids was recorded.
6. The average of the proposed level obtained from each corner of the grid was
calculated.
7. The data were then tabulated into Microsoft Excel.
Then for every grid cell, we added up all the cuts and fills separately. This summation
represents the total cuts and fills of the whole development area. Then, the percentage
difference between cut and fill was obtained.
21
Figure 2.3 (f): Development Area with Grid of 25m x 25m.
Example Calculation of Grid Method
Taking Grid 1 from Zone 1 calculation.
Grid area= 25m x 25m = 625m2
Existing ground level,
Average height, havg =

. . . .
Average proposed reduced level RLavg= = 74.55m
. . . .
Average proposed reduced level PLavg= = 71.4m
Formula for cut and fill= (Reduced level – Proposed level) x Area of grid= (74.55 -71.4) x
625m2 = 1970.31m3. (Cut volume)
If the volume is positive then it is considered as cut volume, and vice versa.
22
Cut and Fill Volume Result
The percentage of difference obtain for the cut and fill volume is 14.42% which is less than the
requirement (15%). Thus, the proposed level of the zones and roads of the development area
are acceptable. It can also be seen that the volume of cut is more than fill which means we
don’t have to import any soils from other place to fill any required proposed level.
23
2.3.2.2 CUT AND FILL LAYOUT
Figure 2.3 (g) (i): Cut and Fill Area.
The cut and fill layout are generated by using the software Civil 3D where the GREEN area
represent the fill area meanwhile the RED area represent the cut area. From the layout we can
roughly see that there is no significant between the cut and fill area.
Figure 2.3 (g) (ii): Cut and Fill Area manually done by AutoCAD.
24
2.3.3 CROSS-SECTION
Cross-section of the development area shows the difference before and after the original ground
is disturbed in a vertical plane. Besides that, it helps to visualize and represent the cut and fill
sections or boundaries along the cross-section line. This can allow us to roughly estimate the
difference between cut and fill along the cross-section line. The green boundary represents the
fill boundary meanwhile the red boundary represents the cut boundary. The fill boundary is
obtained when the proposed level line is higher than the reduced or original level line and vice
versa.
25
Figure 2.3 (i): Development Area with Cross-Sections.
Figure 2.3 (j): A-1-A-1 Cross-Section
Figure 2.3 (k): A-2-A-2 Cross-Section
26
Figure 2.3 (l): A-3-A-3 Cross-Section
Figure 2.3 (m): A-4-A-4 Cross-Section
Figure 2.3 (n): B-B Cross-Section
27
2.3.4 SLOPE STABILITY
A slope is an inclined ground surface, either naturally occurring or artificially created. Slope
stability is the property that allows an inclined slope to support both its own weight and outside
forces without moving. Geotechnical engineering, engineering geology, and soil/rock
mechanics concepts are all used to slope stability. Case studies involving slope behaviour have
increased our knowledge of slope stability mechanics, complicated constitutive models, our
awareness of the constraints of laboratory and in-situ testing, and the development of novel
equipment techniques to measure the slope's reaction.
The slope's soil or rock mass may migrate downward when the stability requirements are not
satisfied, and this movement might be either slowly creeping or terrifyingly fast. The terms
"slope collapse" and "landslide" describe these phenomena. An earthquake, heavy rains that
surpass the pore water pressure, or deterioration of the mechanical qualities of the ground can
all induce landslides. Every year, several fatalities are brought on by slope collapses, which
methodically damage human infrastructure.
For a variety of engineering projects, including the design of earth dams and embankments, the
analysis of the stability of naturally occurring slopes, the analysis of the stability of excavated
slopes, and the analysis of the deep-seated failure of foundations and retaining walls, a
quantitative determination of the stability of slopes is required.
Other than that, in order to maintain the stability of structures and prevent the loss of human
life and financial resources, slope stability analysis is essential in engineering practice.
The Culmann Method, Ordinary Method of Slices, and Bishop Method of Slices are often used
techniques for analyzing the stability of a slope. In this project, we use Bishop Method of
Slices.
28
2.3.4.1 BISHOP METHOD OF SLICES
Alan Wilfred Bishop of the Imperial College in London first popularised the Bishop Method
of Slices in 1955. It is one of numerous Slice Methods created to evaluate slope stability and
determine the corresponding Factor of Safety (FS). This approach achieves overall moment
equilibrium about the centre of the circular trial surface as well as vertical force equilibrium
for each slide.
Although the Bishop technique assumes that the total of horizontal and vertical interslice
pressures is equal to zero, this is not the case. Equation for calculating the trial failure surface
factor of safety is as follows:
∑ 𝑐 𝐿 + 𝑊 cos 𝛼 tan 𝜙

𝐹𝑆 =
∑ 𝑊 sin 𝛼
Whereas:
c' = Cohesive strength of soil
W = Weight of slice
α = Angle of the slope of slice
Φ = Internal friction angle of the soil
29
2.3.4.2 RESULTS OF SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS (BISHOP METHOD)
The biggest difference in suggested level from the design is used to compute the critical slope.
Consequently, for our project, any slope with greater than 13 meters difference is selected as
critical slope, which is the slope between zone 1 and zone 2 (13.4 meters different).
Assumptions made to input into the calculation of slope:

i. Type of soil - Silty CLAY
ii. Bulk density of soil, 𝛾 (kN/𝑚3) - 25.0kN/𝑚3
iii. Cohesion of soil, c (kN/𝑚3) - 22.0kN/𝑚3
iv. Friction angle, φ (◦) - 30◦
v. Factor of Safety – 2.0
vi. The groundwater table is far below the ground.
If the calculated FS does not exceed 2.0, the slope is considered a failure.
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
FS > 2.0 ∴ SAFE!
37
2.4 REFERENCES
Slope Stability. (n.d.). Geoengineer.Org. https://www.geoengineer.org/education/slope-
stability
Hamakareem, M. I. (2019, June 17). Slope Stability – Causes of Instability, Analysis
Methods, and Assumptions. The Constructor. https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/stability-
slopes-analysis-
assumptions/2632/#:%7E:text=The%20slope%20stability%20analysis%20is,and%20Bishop
%20Method%20of%20Slices.
38
2.5 APPENDIX
39
Existing Spot Height (m) Proposed Spot Height (m) Earthwork
Zone Grid Area Coefficient Area(m2)
1 2 3 4 Average 1 2 3 4 Average Cut Volume (m3) Fill Volume(m3)
1 1 70.23 76.21 71.68 80.09 74.55 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 625.00 1970.31
2 76.21 80.89 80.09 86.72 80.98 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 625.00 5985.94
3 80.89 81.52 86.72 84.97 83.53 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 625.00 7578.13
4 71.68 71.56 80.09 77.96 75.32 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 625.00 2451.56
5 80.09 77.96 86.72 84.30 82.27 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 625.00 6792.19
6 86.72 84.30 86.83 84.96 85.70 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 625.00 8939.06
7 71.56 67.97 77.96 76.24 73.43 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 625.00 1270.31
8 77.96 76.24 84.30 81.96 80.12 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 625.00 5446.87
9 84.30 81.96 84.96 82.08 83.33 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 71.40 89.48 1067.05
5089.48 41501.42 0.00

2 1 58.86 60.18 57.80 69.55 61.60 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 2248.44
2 60.18 60.38 69.55 69.89 65.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 4375.00
3 60.38 60.42 69.89 69.10 64.95 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 4342.19
4 60.42 60.45 69.10 65.20 63.79 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 3620.31
5 60.45 60.49 65.20 59.96 61.53 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 2203.13
6 60.49 60.53 59.96 58.20 59.80 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 1121.88
7 60.53 59.62 58.20 52.55 57.73 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -171.87
8 59.62 60.24 52.55 52.08 56.12 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -1173.44
9 60.24 61.62 52.08 57.00 57.74 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -165.63
10 61.62 61.54 57.00 60.90 60.27 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 1415.63
11 61.54 62.20 60.90 61.15 61.45 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 2154.69
12 62.20 62.53 61.15 62.39 62.07 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 2542.19
13 62.53 64.63 62.39 62.70 63.06 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 3164.06
14 64.63 70.23 62.70 71.68 67.31 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 5818.75
15 57.80 55.21 69.55 67.35 62.48 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 2798.44
16 69.55 67.35 69.89 67.96 68.69 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 6679.69
17 69.89 67.96 69.10 65.55 68.13 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 6328.13
18 69.10 65.66 65.20 60.40 65.09 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 4431.25
19 65.20 65.40 59.96 57.48 62.01 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 2506.25
20 59.96 57.48 58.20 51.60 56.81 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -743.75
21 58.20 51.60 52.55 46.30 52.16 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -3648.44
22 52.55 46.30 52.08 47.34 49.57 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -5270.31
23 52.08 47.34 57.00 49.00 51.36 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -4153.13
24 57.00 49.00 60.90 52.60 54.88 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -1953.13
25 60.90 52.60 61.15 55.51 57.54 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -287.50
26 61.15 55.51 62.39 60.34 59.85 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 1154.69
27 62.39 60.34 62.70 64.26 62.42 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 2764.06
28 62.70 64.26 71.68 71.56 67.55 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 5968.75
29 55.21 54.32 67.35 62.68 59.89 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 1181.25
30 67.35 62.68 67.96 64.04 65.51 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 4692.19
31 67.96 64.04 65.66 62.43 65.02 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 4389.06
32 65.66 62.43 60.40 57.97 61.62 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 2259.38
33 60.40 57.97 57.48 51.67 56.88 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -700.00
34 57.48 51.67 51.60 46.52 51.82 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -3864.06
35 51.60 46.52 46.30 45.46 47.47 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -6581.25
36 46.30 45.46 47.34 46.34 46.36 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -7275.00
37 47.34 46.34 49.00 47.31 47.50 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -6564.06
38 49.00 47.31 52.06 48.32 49.17 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -5517.19
39 52.06 48.32 55.51 53.27 52.29 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -3568.75
40 55.51 53.27 60.34 58.26 56.85 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -721.88
41 60.34 58.26 64.26 63.48 61.59 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 2240.63
42 64.26 63.48 71.56 67.97 66.82 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 5510.94
43 54.32 52.63 62.68 57.49 56.78 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -762.50
44 62.68 57.49 64.04 58.88 60.77 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 1732.81
45 64.04 58.88 62.43 57.80 60.79 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 1742.19
46 62.43 57.80 57.97 53.06 57.82 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -115.63
47 57.97 53.06 51.67 46.62 52.33 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -3543.75
48 51.67 46.42 46.52 45.32 47.48 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -6573.44
49 46.52 45.32 45.46 45.99 45.82 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -7610.94
50 45.46 45.99 46.34 49.10 46.72 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -7048.44
51 46.34 49.10 47.31 50.84 48.40 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -6001.56
52 47.31 50.84 48.32 51.72 49.55 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -5282.81
53 48.32 51.72 53.27 53.68 51.75 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -3907.81
54 53.27 53.68 58.26 56.48 55.42 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 -1610.94
55 58.26 56.48 63.48 63.76 60.50 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 1559.38
56 63.48 63.76 67.97 70.24 66.36 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 5226.56
57 67.97 70.24 76.24 75.88 72.58 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 9114.06
58 76.24 75.88 81.96 78.70 78.20 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 12621.88
59 63.76 65.55 70.24 71.86 67.85 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 6157.81
60 70.24 71.86 75.88 76.63 73.65 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 9782.81
61 75.88 76.63 78.70 74.22 76.36 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 58.00 625.00 11473.44
38125 145321.88 -94817.19
40
3 1 52.63 52.18 57.49 53.21 53.88 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -1326.56
2 57.49 53.21 58.88 53.08 55.67 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -209.37
3 58.88 53.08 57.80 51.80 55.39 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -381.25
4 57.80 51.80 53.06 45.97 52.16 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -2401.56
5 53.06 45.97 46.42 44.80 47.56 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -5273.44
6 46.42 44.80 45.32 44.96 45.38 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -6640.63
7 45.32 44.96 45.99 48.03 46.08 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -6203.13
8 45.99 48.03 49.10 54.47 49.40 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -4126.56
9 49.10 54.47 50.84 57.19 52.90 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -1937.50
10 50.84 57.19 51.72 58.34 54.52 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -923.44
11 51.72 58.34 53.68 56.06 54.95 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -656.25
12 53.68 56.06 56.48 58.33 56.14 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 85.94
13 56.48 58.33 63.76 65.55 61.03 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 3143.75
14 52.18 51.77 53.21 50.72 51.97 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -2518.75
15 53.21 50.72 53.08 49.75 51.69 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -2693.75
16 53.08 48.75 51.80 45.87 49.88 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -3828.13
17 51.80 45.87 45.97 45.70 47.34 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -5415.63
18 45.97 45.70 44.80 44.86 45.33 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -6667.19
19 44.80 44.86 44.96 47.30 45.48 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -6575.00
20 44.96 47.30 48.03 52.48 48.19 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -4879.69
21 48.03 52.48 54.47 57.47 53.11 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -1804.69
22 54.47 57.47 57.19 62.18 57.83 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 1142.19
23 57.19 62.18 58.34 62.25 59.99 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 2493.75
24 58.34 62.25 56.06 63.24 59.97 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 2482.81
25 56.06 63.24 58.33 64.63 60.57 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 2853.13
26 58.33 64.63 65.55 68.64 64.29 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 5179.69
27 65.55 68.64 71.86 73.18 69.81 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 8629.69
28 71.86 73.18 76.63 75.18 74.21 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 11382.81
29 76.63 75.18 74.22 68.16 73.55 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 10967.19
30 51.77 50.12 50.72 49.57 50.55 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -3409.38
31 50.72 49.57 49.75 46.72 49.19 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -4256.25
32 49.75 46.72 45.87 44.66 46.75 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -5781.25
33 45.87 44.66 45.70 44.71 45.24 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -6728.13
34 45.70 44.71 44.86 45.65 45.23 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -6731.25
35 44.86 45.65 47.30 49.78 46.90 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -5689.06
36 47.30 49.78 52.48 55.50 51.27 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -2959.38
37 52.48 55.50 57.47 61.13 56.65 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 403.12
38 57.47 61.13 62.18 65.54 61.58 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 3487.50
39 62.18 65.54 62.25 67.74 64.43 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 5267.19
40 62.25 67.74 63.24 68.53 65.44 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 5900.00
41 63.24 68.53 64.63 69.21 66.40 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 6501.56
42 64.63 69.21 68.64 72.05 68.63 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 7895.31
43 68.64 72.05 73.18 75.23 72.28 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 10171.88
44 73.18 75.23 75.18 75.87 74.87 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 11790.63
45 75.18 76.02 75.13 75.44 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 94.73 1841.55
46 50.12 48.85 49.57 47.18 48.93 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -4418.75
47 49.57 47.18 46.72 45.22 47.17 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -5517.19
48 46.72 45.22 44.66 44.75 45.34 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -6664.06
49 44.66 44.75 44.71 45.78 44.98 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -6890.63
50 44.71 45.78 45.65 47.32 45.87 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -6334.38
51 45.65 47.32 49.78 50.98 48.43 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -4729.69
52 49.78 50.98 55.50 56.24 53.13 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 -1796.88
53 55.50 56.24 61.13 62.18 58.76 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 1726.56
54 61.13 62.18 65.54 66.94 63.95 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 4967.19
55 65.54 66.94 67.74 70.12 67.59 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 7240.63
56 67.74 70.12 68.53 71.28 69.42 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 8385.94
57 68.53 71.28 69.21 71.99 70.25 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 8907.81
58 69.21 71.99 72.05 72.08 71.33 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 9582.81
59 72.05 72.08 75.23 72.96 73.08 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 10675.00
60 75.23 72.96 75.87 70.13 73.55 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 56.00 625.00 10967.19
36969.73 164072.80 -136368.75
41
4 1 48.85 46.68 47.18 45.54 47.06 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -4335.94
2 47.18 45.54 45.22 45.43 45.84 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -5098.44
3 45.22 45.43 44.75 46.05 45.36 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -5398.44
4 44.75 46.05 45.78 46.65 45.81 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -5120.31
5 45.78 46.65 47.32 48.95 47.18 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -4265.63
6 47.32 48.95 50.98 51.91 49.79 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -2631.25
7 50.98 51.91 56.24 56.45 53.90 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -65.63
8 56.24 56.45 62.18 61.82 59.17 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 3232.81
9 62.18 61.82 66.94 63.75 63.67 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 6045.31
10 66.94 63.75 70.12 67.92 67.18 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 8239.06
11 70.12 67.92 71.28 66.92 69.06 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 9412.50
12 71.28 66.92 71.99 64.85 68.76 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 9225.00
13 71.99 64.85 72.08 63.04 67.99 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 8743.75
14 72.08 63.04 72.96 63.34 67.86 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 8659.37
15 72.96 63.34 70.13 63.42 67.46 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 8414.06
16 46.68 48.56 45.54 48.52 47.33 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -4171.88
17 45.54 48.52 45.43 49.88 47.34 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -4160.94
18 45.43 49.88 46.05 51.72 48.27 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -3581.25
19 46.05 51.72 46.85 50.88 48.88 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -3203.13
20 46.85 50.88 48.95 50.56 49.31 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -2931.25
21 48.95 50.56 51.91 52.68 51.03 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -1859.38
22 51.91 52.68 56.45 56.43 54.37 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 229.69
23 56.45 56.43 61.82 61.04 58.94 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 3084.38
24 61.82 61.04 63.75 64.84 62.86 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 5539.06
25 63.75 64.84 67.92 64.87 65.35 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 7090.63
26 67.92 64.87 66.92 61.68 65.35 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 7092.19
27 66.92 61.68 64.85 58.68 63.03 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 5645.31
28 64.85 58.68 63.04 58.21 61.20 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 4496.88
29 63.04 58.21 63.34 59.08 60.92 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 4323.44
30 63.34 59.08 63.42 58.68 61.13 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 4456.25
31 48.56 48.54 48.52 50.76 49.10 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -3065.63
32 48.52 50.76 49.88 53.23 50.60 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -2126.56
33 49.88 53.23 51.72 54.62 52.36 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -1023.44
34 51.72 54.62 50.88 54.56 52.95 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -659.38
35 50.88 54.56 50.56 53.86 52.47 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -959.37
36 50.56 53.86 52.68 54.56 52.92 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -678.13
37 52.68 54.56 56.43 57.21 55.22 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 762.50
38 56.43 57.21 61.04 61.28 58.99 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 3118.75
39 61.04 61.28 64.84 63.80 62.74 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 5462.50
40 64.84 63.80 64.87 65.13 64.66 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 6662.50
41 64.87 65.13 61.68 60.48 63.04 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 5650.00
42 61.68 60.48 58.68 56.78 59.41 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 3378.13
43 58.68 56.78 58.21 56.42 57.52 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 2201.56
44 58.21 56.42 59.08 55.91 57.41 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 2128.13
45 59.08 55.91 58.68 56.63 57.58 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 2234.38
46 48.54 48.30 50.76 51.40 49.75 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -2656.25
47 50.76 51.40 53.23 53.23 52.16 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -1153.13
48 53.23 53.23 54.62 54.54 53.91 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -59.38
49 54.62 54.54 54.56 55.12 54.71 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 443.75
50 54.56 55.12 53.86 55.62 54.79 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 493.75
51 53.86 55.62 54.56 56.54 55.15 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 715.62
52 54.56 56.54 57.21 57.58 56.47 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 1545.31
53 57.21 57.58 61.28 61.03 59.28 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 3296.88
54 61.28 61.03 63.80 63.34 62.36 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 5226.56
55 63.80 63.34 65.13 63.50 63.94 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 6214.06
56 65.13 63.50 60.48 61.04 62.54 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 5335.94
57 60.48 61.04 56.78 56.03 58.58 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 2864.06
58 56.78 56.03 56.42 53.09 55.58 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 987.50
59 56.42 53.09 55.91 52.94 54.59 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 368.75
60 55.91 53.78 57.51 55.73 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 163.73 283.25
61 55.12 53.02 55.62 53.98 54.44 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 271.87
62 55.62 53.98 56.54 56.68 55.71 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 1065.63
63 56.54 56.68 57.58 57.21 57.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 1876.56
64 57.58 57.21 61.03 59.31 58.78 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 2989.06
65 61.03 59.31 63.34 61.48 61.29 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 4556.25
66 63.34 61.48 63.50 62.13 62.61 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 5382.81
67 63.50 62.13 61.04 61.66 62.08 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 5051.56
68 61.04 61.66 56.03 58.29 59.26 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 3284.38
69 56.03 58.29 53.09 52.68 55.02 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 639.06
70 53.09 52.68 52.94 53.31 53.01 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -621.87
71 53.02 51.02 53.98 51.18 52.30 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -1062.50
72 53.98 51.18 56.68 52.36 53.55 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -281.25
73 56.68 52.36 57.21 54.12 55.09 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 682.81
74 57.21 54.12 59.31 55.36 56.50 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 1562.50
75 59.31 55.36 61.48 58.03 58.55 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 2840.63
76 61.48 58.03 62.13 60.98 60.66 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 4159.38
77 62.13 60.98 61.66 61.79 61.64 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 4775.00
78 61.66 61.79 58.29 60.32 60.52 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 4071.88
79 58.29 60.32 52.68 57.48 57.19 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 1995.31
80 52.68 57.48 51.69 55.10 54.24 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 269.25 63.95
81 51.02 48.06 51.18 49.04 49.83 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -2609.38
82 51.58 49.04 52.36 50.01 50.75 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -2032.81
83 52.36 50.01 54.12 51.87 52.09 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -1193.75
84 54.12 51.87 55.36 53.89 53.81 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 -118.75
85 55.36 53.89 58.03 56.00 55.82 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 1137.50
86 58.03 56.00 60.98 58.02 58.26 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 2660.94
87 60.98 58.02 61.79 60.02 60.20 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 3876.56
88 61.79 60.02 60.32 61.32 60.86 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 4289.06
89 60.32 61.32 57.48 58.13 59.31 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 625.00 3320.31
90 57.48 58.13 55.10 58.08 57.20 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 54.00 217.46 695.33
55025.44 224551.90 -67125.00
42
5 1 48.30 51.40 51.09 48.09 49.72 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 1700.00
2 51.40 53.23 53.05 51.09 52.19 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 3245.31
3 53.23 54.54 52.99 53.05 53.45 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 4032.81
4 54.54 55.12 53.02 52.99 53.92 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 4323.44
5 48.09 51.09 50.03 47.64 49.21 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 1382.81
6 51.09 53.05 51.03 50.03 51.30 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 2687.50
7 53.05 52.99 51.03 51.02 52.02 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 3139.06
8 52.99 53.02 51.02 51.02 52.01 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 3132.81
9 47.64 50.03 49.03 47.65 48.59 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 992.19
10 50.03 51.03 49.43 49.03 49.88 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 1800.00
11 51.03 51.02 48.52 49.43 50.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 1875.00
12 51.02 51.02 48.06 48.52 49.66 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 1659.38
13 47.65 49.03 47.97 46.21 47.72 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 446.88
14 49.03 49.43 46.85 47.97 48.32 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 825.00
15 49.43 48.52 46.32 46.85 47.78 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 487.50
16 48.52 48.06 46.47 46.32 47.34 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 214.06
17 46.21 47.97 48.75 45.54 47.12 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 73.44
18 47.97 46.85 44.78 48.75 47.09 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 54.69
19 46.85 46.32 43.95 44.78 45.48 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -953.12
20 46.32 46.47 43.92 43.95 45.17 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -1146.88
21 45.54 48.75 45.12 45.41 46.21 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -496.88
22 48.75 44.78 43.41 45.12 45.52 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -928.13
23 44.78 43.95 43.42 43.41 43.89 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -1943.75
24 43.95 43.92 42.54 43.42 43.46 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -2214.06
25 45.41 45.12 43.39 44.95 44.72 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -1426.56
26 45.12 43.41 42.74 43.39 43.67 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -2084.38
27 43.41 43.42 39.99 42.74 42.39 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -2881.25
28 43.42 42.54 42.10 39.99 42.01 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -3117.19
29 44.95 43.39 43.98 44.45 44.19 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -1754.69
30 43.39 42.74 40.23 43.98 42.59 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -2759.38
31 42.74 39.99 38.32 40.23 40.32 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4175.00
32 39.99 42.10 41.65 38.32 40.52 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4053.13
33 44.45 43.98 40.84 42.10 42.84 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -2598.44
34 43.98 40.23 37.75 40.84 40.70 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -3937.50
35 40.23 38.32 39.98 37.75 39.07 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4956.25
36 38.32 41.65 42.51 39.98 40.62 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -3990.63
37 42.10 40.84 41.98 41.63 41.64 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -3351.56
38 40.84 37.75 38.14 41.98 39.68 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4576.56
39 37.75 39.98 41.32 38.14 39.30 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4814.06
40 39.98 42.51 43.01 41.32 41.71 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -3309.38
41 41.63 41.98 41.98 41.17 41.69 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -3318.75
42 41.98 38.14 37.54 41.98 39.91 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4431.25
43 38.14 41.32 41.68 37.54 39.67 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4581.25
44 41.32 43.01 43.21 41.68 42.31 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -2934.38
45 41.17 41.98 35.01 39.92 39.52 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4675.00
46 41.98 37.54 37.65 35.01 38.05 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -5596.88
47 37.54 41.68 41.57 37.65 39.61 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4618.75
48 41.68 43.21 45.14 41.57 42.90 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -2562.50
49 39.92 35.01 36.11 39.55 37.65 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -5845.31
50 35.01 37.65 37.83 36.11 36.65 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -6468.75
51 37.65 41.57 40.99 37.83 39.51 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -4681.25
52 41.57 45.14 44.54 40.99 43.06 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 625.00 -2462.50
32500 32071.88 -113645.31
43
6 1 47.42 47.91 46.77 44.30 46.60 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -4000.00
2 47.91 50.00 49.02 46.77 48.43 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -2859.38
3 50.00 52.02 50.76 49.02 50.45 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1593.75
4 52.02 55.02 53.26 50.76 52.77 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -146.88
5 55.02 57.01 56.32 53.26 55.40 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 1501.56
6 57.01 58.12 58.21 56.32 57.42 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 2759.38
7 58.12 59.90 58.26 58.21 58.62 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 3514.06
8 59.90 59.71 58.25 58.26 59.03 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 286.34 1726.64
9 44.30 46.77 45.65 43.12 44.96 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -5025.00
10 46.77 49.02 47.86 45.65 47.33 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -3546.88
11 49.02 50.76 50.12 47.86 49.44 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -2225.00
12 50.76 53.26 53.17 50.12 51.83 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -732.81
13 53.26 56.32 55.02 53.17 54.44 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 901.56
14 56.32 58.21 38.01 55.02 51.89 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -693.75
15 58.21 58.26 53.26 38.01 51.94 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -665.63
16 43.12 45.65 45.12 43.52 44.35 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -5404.69
17 45.65 47.86 47.81 45.12 46.61 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -3993.75
18 47.86 50.12 49.12 47.81 48.73 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -2670.31
19 50.12 53.17 51.98 49.12 51.10 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1189.06
20 53.17 55.02 54.88 51.98 53.76 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 476.56
21 55.02 38.01 54.88 56.52 51.11 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1182.81
22 57.70 59.25 55.32 56.52 57.20 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 274.92 -199.317
23 43.52 45.12 45.02 43.68 44.34 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -5415.63
24 45.12 47.81 47.98 45.02 46.48 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -4073.44
25 47.81 49.12 50.13 47.98 48.76 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -2650.00
26 49.12 51.98 52.44 50.13 50.92 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1301.56
27 51.98 54.88 55.01 52.44 53.58 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 360.94
28 54.88 56.52 53.32 55.01 54.93 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 1207.81
29 43.68 45.02 47.23 44.65 45.15 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -4909.38
30 45.02 47.98 50.07 47.23 47.58 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -3390.63
31 47.98 50.13 51.74 50.07 49.98 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1887.50
32 50.13 52.44 53.59 51.74 51.98 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -640.62
33 52.44 55.01 55.74 53.59 54.20 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 746.88
34 55.01 56.51 54.61 55.74 55.47 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 304.15 750.49
35 44.65 47.23 48.93 46.01 46.71 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -3934.38
36 47.23 50.07 51.23 48.93 49.37 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -2271.88
37 50.07 51.74 53.02 51.23 51.52 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -928.13
38 51.74 53.59 54.01 53.02 53.09 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 56.25
39 53.59 55.74 56.63 54.01 54.99 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 1245.31
40 46.01 48.93 50.49 47.98 48.35 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -2904.69
41 48.93 51.23 52.87 50.49 50.88 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1325.00
42 51.23 53.02 54.91 52.87 53.01 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 4.69
43 53.02 54.01 55.74 54.91 54.42 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 887.50
44 54.01 56.63 52.89 55.74 54.82 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 1135.94
45 47.98 50.49 50.75 47.77 49.25 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -2345.31
46 50.49 52.87 53.26 50.75 51.84 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -723.44
47 52.87 54.91 54.21 53.26 53.81 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 507.81
48 54.91 55.74 55.66 54.21 55.13 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 1331.25
49 55.74 56.02 55.84 55.66 55.82 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 138.16 388.92
50 47.77 50.75 49.00 47.12 48.66 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -2712.50
51 50.75 53.26 52.30 49.00 51.33 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1045.31
52 53.26 54.21 53.86 52.30 53.41 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 254.69
53 54.21 55.66 53.46 53.86 54.30 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 810.94
54 55.66 55.84 54.01 53.46 54.74 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 194.31 338.59
55 47.12 49.00 48.44 45.89 47.61 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -3367.19
56 49.00 52.30 50.67 48.44 50.10 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1810.94
57 52.30 53.86 51.72 50.67 52.14 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -539.06
58 53.86 53.46 52.08 51.72 52.78 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -137.50
59 45.89 48.44 36.96 45.02 44.08 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -5576.56
60 48.44 50.67 49.01 36.96 46.27 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -4206.25
61 50.67 51.72 50.98 49.01 50.60 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1503.13
62 51.72 52.08 52.54 50.98 51.83 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -731.25
63 45.02 36.96 46.33 43.66 42.99 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -6254.69
64 36.96 49.01 48.77 46.33 45.27 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -4832.81
65 49.01 50.98 50.87 48.77 49.91 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1932.81
66 50.98 51.71 51.48 50.87 51.26 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 257.02 -447.21
38954.90 20907.76 -109927.78
44
7 1 37.70 40.02 39.78 37.98 38.87 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -1331.25
2 40.02 42.86 41.99 39.78 41.16 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 101.56
3 37.98 39.78 39.16 37.31 38.56 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -1526.56
4 39.78 41.99 44.00 39.16 41.23 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 145.31
2500.00 246.88 -2857.81

1 2 3 4 Average
1 2 3 4 Average Cut Volume (m3) Fill Volume(m3)
8 1 39.01 36.96 34.22 33.96 36.04 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 -601.56
2 36.96 37.70 37.98 34.22 36.72 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 -178.13
3 33.96 34.22 37.52 37.42 35.78 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 -762.50
4 34.22 37.98 37.31 37.52 36.76 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 -151.56
5 37.42 37.52 37.30 37.26 37.38 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 234.38
6 37.52 37.31 37.07 37.26 37.29 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 181.25
7 37.31 39.16 38.78 37.07 38.08 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 675.00
8 39.16 44.00 41.33 38.78 40.82 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 2385.94
9 37.30 37.26 37.47 36.96 37.25 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 154.69
10 37.26 37.07 37.45 37.47 37.31 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 195.31
11 37.07 38.78 40.94 37.45 38.56 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 975.00
12 38.78 41.33 42.79 40.94 40.96 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 2475.00
13 36.96 37.47 38.09 36.84 37.34 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 212.50
14 37.47 37.45 39.87 38.09 38.22 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 762.50
15 37.45 40.94 41.68 39.87 39.99 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 1865.63
16 40.94 42.79 37.47 41.68 40.72 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 37.00 625.00 2325.00
10000.00 12442.19 -1693.75
9 1 41.33 43.75 45.72 42.79 43.40 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 105.34
2 43.75 45.68 48.51 45.71 45.91 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 771.81
3 45.68 49.02 49.84 48.51 48.26 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1394.56
4 49.02 50.16 50.45 49.84 49.87 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1819.89
5 42.79 45.72 47.65 37.47 43.41 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 107.99
6 45.72 48.51 49.60 47.65 47.87 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1290.55
7 48.51 49.48 51.53 49.60 49.78 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1796.70
8 49.48 50.45 51.77 51.53 50.81 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 2068.99
9 38.09 39.87 42.71 40.65 40.33 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -707.55
10 39.87 41.68 44.73 42.71 42.25 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -199.41
11 41.68 37.47 47.45 44.73 42.83 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -44.39
12 37.47 47.65 49.32 47.45 45.47 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 655.21
13 47.65 49.60 51.49 49.32 49.52 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1726.48
14 49.60 51.53 52.84 51.49 51.37 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 2216.73
15 51.53 51.08 51.77 51.53 51.48 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 76.96 652.43
16 40.65 42.71 44.82 43.59 42.94 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -15.24
17 42.71 44.73 46.85 44.82 44.78 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 471.04
18 44.73 47.45 49.29 46.85 47.08 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1081.20
19 47.45 49.32 51.11 49.29 49.29 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1667.51
20 49.32 51.49 52.33 51.11 51.06 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 2136.56
21 51.49 52.84 53.75 52.33 52.60 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 2544.66
22 43.59 44.82 46.78 44.83 45.01 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 531.32
23 44.82 46.85 48.01 46.78 46.62 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 957.98
24 46.85 49.29 36.91 48.01 45.27 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 600.23
25 49.29 51.11 52.37 36.91 47.42 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1171.30
26 51.11 52.33 53.87 52.37 52.42 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 2496.30
27 52.33 53.75 54.02 53.87 53.49 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 2780.51
28 44.83 46.78 47.96 46.54 46.53 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 934.79
29 46.78 48.01 49.45 47.96 48.05 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1338.25
30 48.01 36.91 49.88 49.45 46.06 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 811.56
31 36.91 52.37 51.76 49.88 47.73 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1253.45
32 52.37 53.87 54.07 51.76 53.02 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 2654.64
33 46.64 47.96 48.87 48.21 47.92 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1303.80
34 47.96 49.45 49.29 48.87 48.89 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1561.51
35 49.45 49.88 50.98 49.29 49.90 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1828.50
36 49.88 51.75 52.76 50.98 51.34 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 2210.76
37 51.76 54.07 53.41 53.41 53.16 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 2693.06
9616.96 47620.37 -951.35
45
10 1 48.21 48.87 48.88 46.55 48.13 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 1888.79
2 48.87 49.29 49.37 48.88 49.10 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 2147.16
3 49.29 50.98 50.84 49.37 50.12 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 2416.80
4 50.98 52.76 52.16 50.84 51.69 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 2831.53
5 51.76 53.41 52.30 51.16 52.16 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 234.85 2620.34
6 46.55 48.88 47.22 45.57 47.06 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 1604.58
7 48.88 49.37 48.75 47.22 48.56 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 2002.08
8 49.37 50.84 49.18 48.75 49.54 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 2261.78
9 50.84 52.16 50.39 49.18 50.64 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 2555.26
10 45.57 47.22 45.13 46.78 46.18 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 1371.38
11 47.22 48.75 46.84 45.13 46.99 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 1586.03
12 48.75 49.18 47.67 46.84 48.11 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 1884.15
13 49.18 50.39 47.85 47.67 48.77 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 2059.71
14 46.78 45.13 44.04 44.84 45.20 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 1112.34
15 45.13 46.84 45.35 44.04 45.34 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 1150.10
16 46.84 47.67 45.46 45.35 46.33 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 1412.45
17 47.67 47.81 46.68 45.46 46.91 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 224.68 1326.74
18 44.84 44.04 42.44 42.33 43.41 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 639.31
19 44.04 45.35 42.17 42.44 43.50 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 662.50
20 45.35 45.46 44.22 42.17 44.30 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 874.50
21 45.46 46.68 45.01 44.22 45.34 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 198.41 861.60
22 42.33 42.44 40.88 39.00 41.16 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 43.06
23 42.44 42.17 42.59 40.88 42.02 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 270.30
24 42.17 44.22 43.65 42.59 43.16 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 571.74
25 44.22 45.01 44.34 43.56 44.28 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 220.17 722.71
26 39.00 40.88 40.39 39.06 39.83 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -309.39
27 40.88 42.59 42.37 40.39 41.56 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 147.74
28 42.59 43.65 42.66 42.37 42.82 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 481.64
29 43.65 44.34 44.17 42.66 43.71 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 716.83
7503.11 38223.10 -309.39

11 1 39.06 40.39 39.95 38.81 39.55 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -383.59
2 40.39 42.37 41.71 39.95 41.11 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 27.83
3 42.37 42.66 42.58 41.71 42.33 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 352.45
4 42.66 44.17 43.09 42.58 43.13 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 563.13
5 38.81 39.95 39.89 39.10 39.44 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -414.06
6 39.95 41.71 41.18 39.89 40.68 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -84.14
7 41.71 42.58 41.99 41.18 41.87 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 229.23
8 42.58 43.09 42.07 41.99 42.43 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 379.61
9 0.00
10 39.10 39.89 39.83 38.37 39.30 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -451.16
11 39.89 41.18 40.88 39.83 40.45 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -147.08
12 41.18 41.99 41.56 40.88 41.40 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 106.66
13 41.99 42.07 40.70 41.56 41.58 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 153.70
14 42.07 42.95 40.88 40.70 41.65 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 247.11 160.62
15 38.37 39.83 39.36 37.84 38.85 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -569.75
16 39.83 40.88 39.75 39.36 39.96 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -276.93
17 40.88 41.56 39.79 39.75 40.50 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -133.83
18 41.56 40.70 39.20 39.79 40.31 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -182.19
19 40.70 40.88 39.10 39.20 39.97 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -272.95
20 37.84 39.36 38.23 36.94 38.09 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -770.49
21 39.36 39.75 38.65 38.23 39.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -530.66
22 39.75 39.79 38.65 38.65 39.21 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -474.35
23 39.79 39.20 38.66 38.65 39.08 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -510.12
24 39.20 39.10 36.02 38.66 38.25 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -730.07
25 39.10 38.50 35.55 36.02 37.29 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 225.93 -837.64
26 36.94 38.23 36.83 35.81 36.95 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -1072.59
27 38.23 38.65 36.87 36.83 37.65 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -889.08
28 38.65 38.56 36.23 36.87 37.58 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -906.96
29 38.56 38.66 35.75 36.23 37.30 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -980.50
30 38.66 36.02 33.99 35.75 36.11 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -1297.18
31 36.02 35.55 34.45 33.99 35.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -1589.34
32 35.81 36.83 34.66 33.87 35.55 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -1444.91
33 36.83 36.87 35.07 34.66 35.87 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -1360.11
34 36.87 36.23 34.37 35.07 35.48 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -1464.13
35 36.23 35.75 33.65 34.37 25.94 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 265.00 -3990.24
8953.04 1973.22 -21764.02
46
12 1 34.14 34.10 34.45 33.99 34.17 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 261.52 -2309.22
2 34.10 38.63 38.57 34.45 36.44 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 304.05 -1995.33
3 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 0.00
4 35.75 33.99 34.38 33.65 34.44 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -2267.74
5 33.99 34.45 36.56 34.38 34.85 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -2161.08
6 34.45 38.57 38.49 36.56 37.02 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -1585.36
7 38.57 41.33 41.11 38.49 39.88 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -828.13
8 41.33 43.39 43.75 41.11 42.40 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -160.33
9 43.39 46.20 46.79 43.75 45.03 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 538.61
10 46.20 48.59 48.57 46.79 47.54 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1202.44
11 48.59 50.44 50.22 48.57 49.46 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1710.58
12 50.44 49.67 35.83 50.22 46.54 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 136.07 481.69
13 34.47 33.65 33.45 34.04 33.90 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -2410.84
14 33.65 34.38 34.57 33.45 34.01 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -2381.69
15 34.38 36.56 36.33 34.57 35.46 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -1998.10
16 36.56 38.49 39.88 36.33 37.82 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -1374.03
17 38.49 41.11 41.06 39.88 40.14 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -759.23
18 41.11 43.75 43.87 41.06 42.45 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -146.41
19 43.75 46.79 46.42 43.87 45.21 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 584.99
20 46.79 48.57 48.56 46.42 47.59 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1215.03
21 48.57 50.22 48.85 48.56 49.05 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1603.25
22 50.22 49.67 49.30 48.85 49.51 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1725.15
23 34.04 33.45 34.96 43.72 36.54 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -1711.24
24 33.45 34.57 35.16 34.96 34.54 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -2243.23
25 34.57 36.33 36.54 35.16 35.65 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -1947.75
26 36.33 39.88 39.27 36.54 38.01 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -1323.68
27 39.88 41.06 40.98 39.27 40.30 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -716.16
28 41.06 43.87 43.34 40.98 42.31 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 -182.19
29 43.87 46.42 46.18 43.34 44.95 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 517.41
30 46.42 48.56 47.78 46.18 47.24 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1122.28
31 48.56 48.85 48.47 47.78 48.42 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1434.98
32 48.85 49.30 48.54 48.47 48.79 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 265.00 1534.35
33 49.30 48.88 48.60 48.54 48.83 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 129.14 752.89
8250.78 14423.62 -28501.70

13 1 35.48 35.05 35.01 35.15 35.17 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 280.00 328.30
2 35.05 35.01 34.92 34.28 34.82 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 280.00 228.20
3 34.92 34.28 34.82 34.54 34.64 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 280.00 179.20
4 34.82 34.54 34.62 34.72 34.68 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 280.00 189.00
5 35.15 34.77 35.01 33.89 34.71 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 625.00 440.62
6 34.77 34.78 33.87 33.89 34.33 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 625.00 204.69
7 35.01 34.28 32.68 33.89 33.97 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 625.00 -21.87
8 33.89 32.68 34.66 33.87 33.78 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 625.00 -140.63
9 34.28 34.54 33.55 32.68 33.76 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 625.00 -148.44
10 32.68 33.55 35.07 34.66 33.99 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 625.00 -6.25
11 34.54 34.72 34.04 33.55 34.21 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 625.00 132.81
12 33.55 34.04 34.37 35.07 34.26 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 34.00 625.00 160.94
6120 1863.76 -317.19
47
14 1 38.83 42.63 43.57 38.65 40.92 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -50.00
2 38.68 43.57 43.75 38.37 41.09 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 57.81
3 38.37 43.75 43.23 37.78 40.78 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -135.94
4 37.78 43.23 37.49 41.79 40.07 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -579.69
5 37.49 41.79 39.84 37.68 39.20 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -1125.00
6 37.68 39.84 38.04 36.48 38.01 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -1868.75
7 36.48 38.04 36.65 35.82 36.75 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 467.00 -1985.92
8 38.04 37.58 36.37 36.65 37.16 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 467.00 -1793.28
9 37.58 37.77 35.93 36.37 36.91 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 467.00 -1908.86
10 42.63 43.13 43.99 43.57 43.33 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 1456.25
11 43.57 43.99 43.75 44.44 43.94 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 1835.94
12 43.75 44.44 43.33 43.23 43.69 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 1679.69
13 43.23 43.33 41.74 41.79 42.52 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 951.56
14 41.79 41.74 39.88 39.84 40.81 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -117.19
15 39.84 39.88 37.58 38.04 38.84 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -1353.13
16 43.13 45.80 46.21 43.99 44.78 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 260.00 983.45
17 43.99 46.21 45.87 44.44 45.13 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 2579.69
18 44.44 45.87 43.98 43.33 44.41 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 2128.13
19 43.33 43.98 42.06 41.74 42.78 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 1110.94
20 41.74 42.06 39.82 39.88 40.88 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -78.13
21 39.88 39.82 37.77 37.58 38.76 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -1398.44
22 46.21 46.30 46.10 45.87 46.12 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 270.00 1382.40
23 45.87 46.10 44.02 43.98 44.99 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 270.00 1077.98
24 43.98 44.02 41.90 42.06 42.99 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 270.00 537.30
25 42.06 41.90 39.74 39.82 40.88 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 270.00 -32.40
26 39.82 39.74 37.70 37.77 38.76 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 270.00 -605.48
13636 15781.13 -13032.19
48
15 1 44.26 46.04 44.87 46.09 45.32 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 196.87
2 44.87 46.09 46.12 44.75 45.46 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 285.94
3 44.75 46.12 46.59 45.79 45.81 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 507.81
4 45.79 46.59 46.05 46.65 46.27 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 793.75
5 46.05 46.65 46.60 46.17 46.37 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 854.69
6 46.17 46.60 46.74 46.40 46.48 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 923.44
7 46.40 46.74 45.11 45.79 46.01 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 631.25
8 45.79 45.11 43.28 43.98 44.54 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -287.50
9 43.98 43.28 41.08 41.81 42.54 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -1539.06
10 41.81 41.08 39.04 39.32 40.31 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -2929.69
11 39.32 39.04 36.83 37.75 38.24 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -4228.13
12 37.75 36.83 35.46 35.28 36.33 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -5418.75
13 46.04 47.77 47.70 46.09 46.90 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 342.00 649.80
14 46.09 47.77 47.25 46.07 46.80 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1121.88
15 46.07 47.25 47.80 46.59 46.93 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1204.69
16 46.59 47.80 47.19 46.65 47.06 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1285.94
17 46.65 47.19 46.63 46.60 46.77 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1104.69
18 46.60 46.63 45.87 46.74 46.46 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 912.50
19 46.74 45.87 44.07 45.11 45.45 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 279.69
20 45.11 44.07 42.24 43.28 43.68 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -828.12
21 43.28 42.24 40.48 41.08 41.77 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -2018.75
22 41.08 40.48 38.23 39.04 39.71 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -3307.81
23 39.04 38.23 36.54 36.83 37.66 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -4587.50
24 36.83 36.54 35.54 35.46 36.09 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -5567.19
25 35.46 35.54 35.16 34.96 35.28 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -6075.00
26 47.77 49.86 49.87 47.25 48.69 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 2304.69
27 47.25 49.87 48.95 47.80 48.47 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 2167.19
28 47.80 48.95 48.09 47.19 48.01 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1879.69
29 48.09 47.19 46.83 46.63 47.19 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1365.63
30 46.63 46.83 45.34 45.87 46.17 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 729.69
31 45.87 45.34 44.12 44.07 44.85 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -93.75
32 44.12 44.07 41.82 42.24 43.06 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -1210.94
33 42.24 39.79 37.94 38.23 39.55 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -3406.25
34 38.23 37.94 36.59 36.54 37.33 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -4796.88
35 36.54 36.59 36.43 35.54 36.28 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -5453.13
36 35.54 36.43 36.54 35.16 35.92 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -5676.56
37 49.87 50.15 50.15 49.87 50.01 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 236.00 1182.36
38 49.87 50.15 49.46 48.95 49.61 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 2879.69
39 48.95 49.46 48.06 48.09 48.64 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 2275.00
40 48.09 48.06 47.06 46.83 47.51 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1568.75
41 46.83 47.06 44.25 45.34 45.87 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 543.75
42 45.34 44.25 42.92 44.12 44.16 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -526.56
43 44.12 42.92 41.07 41.82 42.48 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -1573.44
44 41.82 41.07 39.54 39.79 40.56 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -2778.13
45 39.79 39.54 37.12 37.94 38.60 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -4001.56
46 37.94 37.12 36.72 36.59 37.09 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -4942.19
47 36.59 36.72 38.37 36.43 37.03 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -4982.81
48 36.43 38.37 39.27 36.54 37.65 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -4592.19
49 50.15 50.67 49.78 49.46 50.02 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 3134.38
50 49.46 49.78 48.06 48.06 48.84 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 2400.00
51 48.06 48.06 47.06 46.01 47.30 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1435.94
52 47.06 46.01 43.85 44.25 45.29 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 182.81
53 44.25 43.85 41.23 42.92 43.06 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -1210.94
54 42.92 41.23 39.56 41.07 41.20 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -2378.13
55 41.07 39.56 38.30 39.54 39.62 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -3364.06
56 39.54 38.30 38.99 37.12 38.49 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -4070.31
57 37.12 38.99 40.58 36.72 38.35 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -4154.69
58 36.72 40.58 41.32 38.37 39.25 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -3595.31
59 38.37 41.32 40.98 39.27 39.99 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -3134.38
60 49.78 49.84 48.10 48.06 48.95 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 2465.63
61 48.06 48.10 45.80 46.01 46.99 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1245.31
62 46.01 45.80 44.48 43.85 45.04 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 21.87
63 43.85 44.48 42.15 41.23 42.93 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -1295.31
64 41.23 42.15 41.98 39.56 41.23 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -2356.25
65 39.56 41.98 42.26 38.30 40.53 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -2796.88
66 38.30 42.26 42.23 38.99 40.45 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -2846.88
67 38.99 42.23 43.18 40.58 41.25 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -2346.88
68 40.58 43.18 43.46 41.32 42.14 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -1790.63
69 41.32 43.46 43.34 40.98 42.28 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -1703.13
70 49.84 50.50 49.02 48.10 49.37 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 2728.13
71 48.10 49.02 47.35 45.80 47.57 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1604.69
72 45.80 47.35 46.27 44.48 45.98 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 609.38
73 44.48 46.27 45.98 42.15 44.72 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -175.00
74 42.15 45.98 44.94 41.98 43.76 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -773.44
75 41.98 44.94 46.46 42.26 43.91 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -681.25
76 42.26 46.46 45.22 42.23 44.04 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -598.44
77 42.23 45.22 45.28 43.18 43.98 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -639.06
78 43.18 45.28 45.58 43.46 44.38 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -390.62
79 43.46 45.58 46.18 43.34 44.64 45 45 45 45 45 625 -225.00
48703 43477.47 -121348.44
49
16 1 49.02 50.12 48.50 47.35 48.75 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1717.19
2 47.35 48.50 48.29 46.27 47.60 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1001.56
3 46.27 48.29 47.88 45.98 47.11 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 690.62
4 45.98 47.88 47.32 44.94 46.53 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 331.25
5 44.94 47.32 47.35 46.46 46.52 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 323.44
6 46.46 47.35 47.38 45.22 46.60 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 376.56
7 45.22 47.38 47.43 45.28 46.33 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 204.69
8 45.28 47.43 47.75 45.58 46.51 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 318.75
9 45.58 47.75 47.78 46.18 46.82 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 514.06
10 48.50 50.86 49.35 48.29 49.25 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2031.25
11 48.29 49.35 49.37 47.88 48.72 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1701.56
12 47.88 49.37 48.97 47.32 48.39 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1490.63
13 47.32 48.97 48.93 47.35 48.14 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1339.06
14 47.35 48.93 48.98 47.38 48.16 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1350.00
15 47.38 48.98 48.57 47.43 48.09 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1306.25
16 47.43 48.57 48.44 47.75 48.05 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1279.69
17 47.75 48.44 48.47 47.78 48.11 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1318.75
18 50.86 51.70 51.17 49.35 50.77 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2981.25
19 49.35 51.17 50.55 49.37 50.11 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2568.75
20 49.37 50.55 50.32 48.97 49.80 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2376.56
21 48.97 50.32 49.81 48.93 49.51 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2192.19
22 48.93 49.81 49.59 48.98 49.33 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2079.69
23 48.98 49.59 49.26 48.57 49.10 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1937.50
24 48.57 49.26 48.84 48.44 48.78 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1735.94
25 48.44 48.84 48.54 48.47 48.57 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1607.81
26 51.17 51.60 50.59 50.55 50.98 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 3110.94
27 50.55 50.59 50.32 50.41 50.47 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2792.19
28 50.32 50.41 49.99 49.81 50.13 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2582.81
29 49.81 49.99 49.28 49.59 49.67 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2292.19
30 49.59 49.28 48.92 49.26 49.26 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2039.06
31 49.26 48.92 48.84 48.32 48.84 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 1771.88
32 51.37 51.22 51.22 50.59 51.10 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 311.00 1586.10
33 50.59 51.22 49.58 50.41 50.45 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2781.25
34 50.41 49.58 49.23 49.99 49.80 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 46.00 625.00 2376.56
20936 56107.98 0.00

17 1 40.59 41.20 43.81 43.80 42.35 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 270.00 -445.50
2 40.59 43.80 43.54 40.55 42.12 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1175.00
3 40.55 43.54 43.07 40.80 41.99 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1256.25
4 40.80 43.07 41.66 40.30 41.46 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1589.06
5 40.30 41.66 41.03 39.95 40.74 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -2040.63
6 39.95 41.03 39.88 39.65 40.13 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -2420.31
7 39.65 39.88 39.76 39.49 39.70 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -2690.63
8 39.49 39.76 39.67 39.64 39.64 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -2725.00
9 39.64 39.67 40.89 38.18 39.60 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -2753.13
10 38.18 40.89 38.83 42.63 40.13 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -2417.19
11 43.80 44.50 44.23 43.54 44.02 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 10.94
12 43.54 44.23 43.67 43.07 43.63 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -232.81
13 43.07 43.67 42.77 41.66 42.79 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -754.69
14 41.66 42.77 42.25 41.03 41.93 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1295.31
15 41.03 42.25 41.17 39.88 41.08 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1823.44
16 39.88 41.17 39.76 40.05 40.22 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -2365.63
17 40.05 39.67 41.54 39.67 40.23 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -2354.69
18 39.67 41.54 42.30 40.89 41.10 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1812.50
19 40.89 42.30 43.13 42.63 42.24 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1101.56
20 43.10 42.77 43.93 43.93 43.43 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 180.00 -102.15
21 42.77 43.93 42.85 42.25 42.95 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -656.25
22 42.25 42.85 42.75 41.17 42.26 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1090.63
23 41.17 42.75 43.45 40.05 41.86 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1340.63
24 40.05 43.45 43.29 41.54 42.08 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -1198.44
25 41.54 43.29 44.40 42.30 42.88 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -698.44
26 42.30 44.40 44.95 43.13 43.70 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 625.00 -190.63
27 43.13 44.95 46.21 43.99 44.57 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 366.00 208.62
28 43.93 44.15 42.85 43.24 43.54 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 241.00 -110.26
29 42.85 43.24 43.62 42.75 43.12 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 277.00 -245.14
30 42.75 43.62 43.63 43.45 43.36 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 277.00 -176.59
31 43.45 43.63 43.95 43.29 43.58 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 277.00 -116.34
32 43.29 43.95 45.15 44.40 44.20 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 277.00 54.71
33 44.40 45.15 45.40 44.95 44.98 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 277.00 270.07
34 44.95 45.40 46.13 45.80 45.57 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 44.00 205.00 321.85
17647 866.19 -37178.79
50
18 1 44.5 44.8 44.9 44.2 44.6 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 322.0 -451.61
2 44.2 44.9 44.6 43.7 44.3 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 -1032.81
3 43.7 44.6 43.9 43.1 43.8 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 445.0 -964.54
4 44.9 45.6 45.3 44.6 45.1 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 -568.75
5 44.6 45.3 45.4 43.9 44.8 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 -742.19
6 45.3 46.1 45.8 45.4 45.6 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 -225.00
7 45.4 45.8 46.0 44.3 45.4 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 -382.81
8 46.1 47.6 47.5 45.8 46.7 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 423.0 311.96
9 45.8 47.5 47.8 46.0 46.8 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 485.94
10 46.0 47.8 47.7 46.1 46.9 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 285.0 257.21
11 47.5 48.5 49.9 47.8 48.4 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 1509.38
12 47.8 49.9 49.9 47.8 48.8 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 1762.50
13 48.5 50.5 50.5 49.9 49.9 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 278.0 1070.30
14 49.9 50.5 51.0 49.9 50.3 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 2685.94
15 49.9 51.0 50.2 49.9 50.2 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 389.0 1636.72
16 50.5 51.9 51.9 51.0 51.3 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 46.0 625.0 3329.69
8392 13049.63 -4367.71

19 17 50.95 51.94 50.67 50.15 50.93 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 1829.69
18 51.94 52.62 51.50 50.67 51.68 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 2301.56
19 50.67 51.50 49.84 49.78 50.45 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 1529.69
20 52.62 51.77 51.77 51.50 51.92 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 320.00 1252.80
21 51.50 51.77 50.50 49.84 50.90 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 1814.06
22 51.77 51.85 51.75 50.50 51.47 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 2167.19
23 50.50 51.75 50.12 49.02 50.35 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 1467.19
24 51.75 52.22 51.20 50.12 51.32 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 2076.56
25 50.12 51.20 50.86 48.50 50.17 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 1356.25
26 52.22 52.86 52.86 51.20 52.29 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 355.00 1521.18
27 51.20 52.86 51.70 50.86 51.66 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 2284.38
28 52.86 52.93 52.09 51.70 52.40 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 2746.88
29 51.70 52.90 51.60 51.17 51.84 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 2401.56
30 52.09 52.07 51.32 51.60 51.77 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 2356.25
31 51.60 51.32 51.22 51.37 51.38 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 313.00 1057.16
8488 28162.38 0.00
51
ROAD 1 1 48.06 49.04 47.42 46.47 47.75 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -3282.81
2 49.04 50.01 47.91 47.42 48.60 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -2753.13
3 50.01 51.87 50.00 47.91 49.95 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -1907.81
4 51.87 53.89 52.02 50.00 51.95 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 -659.38
5 53.89 56.00 55.02 52.02 54.23 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 770.31
6 56.00 58.02 57.01 55.02 56.51 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 2195.31
7 58.02 60.02 58.12 57.01 58.29 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 3307.81
8 60.02 61.32 59.90 58.12 59.84 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 4275.00
9 61.32 58.13 55.23 59.90 58.65 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 53.00 625.00 3528.13
ROAD 2 10 46.47 47.42 44.30 43.92 45.53 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 625.00 -2795.31
11 43.92 44.30 43.12 42.54 43.47 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 625.00 -4081.25
12 42.54 43.12 43.52 42.10 42.82 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 625.00 -4487.50
13 42.10 43.52 43.68 41.65 42.74 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 625.00 -4539.06
ROAD 3 14 41.65 43.68 44.65 42.51 43.12 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 -3048.44
15 42.51 44.65 46.01 43.01 44.05 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 -2471.88
16 43.21 47.98 47.77 45.14 46.03 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 -1234.38
17 45.14 47.77 47.12 44.54 46.14 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 48.00 625.00 -1160.94
ROAD 4 23 39.55 36.11 36.96 39.01 37.91 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 -2556.25
24 36.11 37.83 37.70 36.96 37.15 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 -3031.25
25 37.83 40.99 40.02 37.70 39.14 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 -1787.50
26 40.99 44.54 42.86 40.02 42.10 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 62.50
ROAD 5 18 44.54 47.12 45.89 42.86 45.10 53.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 64.06
19 44.00 43.66 43.75 41.33 43.19 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -1131.25
20 43.66 46.33 45.68 43.75 44.89 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -68.75
21 46.33 48.77 49.02 45.68 47.45 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 1531.25
22 48.77 50.87 50.16 49.02 49.71 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 2943.75
ROAD 6 1 36.84 38.09 40.65 37.06 51.88 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 265.00 3149.11
2 37.06 40.65 43.59 36.91 53.47 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 265.00 3568.72
3 36.91 43.59 44.83 36.75 54.39 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 265.00 3814.01
4 36.75 44.83 46.54 36.90 54.89 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 265.00 3946.83
5 36.90 46.54 48.21 36.73 55.66 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 40.00 265.00 4149.24
ROAD 7 1 36.73 48.21 46.55 36.67 55.49 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 265.00 4369.83
2 36.67 46.55 45.57 36.75 54.55 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 265.00 4122.01
3 36.75 45.57 46.78 36.79 54.25 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 265.00 4041.27
4 36.79 46.78 44.84 36.71 53.80 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 265.00 3921.91
5 36.71 44.84 42.33 36.70 52.68 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 265.00 3624.95
6 36.70 42.33 39.00 36.65 51.11 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 265.00 -87.45
7 36.65 39.00 39.06 36.54 50.08 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 265.00 -314.69
ROAD 8 13 36.54 39.06 38.81 38.03 50.14 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 265.00 3216.11
14 38.03 38.81 39.10 37.57 49.76 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 265.00 3116.73
15 37.57 39.10 38.37 36.23 49.06 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 265.00 2932.18
16 36.23 38.37 37.84 36.02 48.11 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 265.00 2677.83
17 36.02 37.84 36.94 35.83 45.54 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 265.00 -355.76
18 35.83 36.94 35.81 35.63 44.99 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 265.00 -516.09
19 35.63 35.81 33.87 34.78 43.96 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 38.00 265.00 -789.04
ROAD 9 15 36.37 35.93 34.82 34.92 35.51 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -3431.25
16 36.65 36.37 34.92 35.05 35.75 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -3282.81
17 35.82 36.65 35.05 35.48 35.75 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 41.00 625.00 -3281.25
ROAD 10 8 46.30 46.40 45.79 46.10 46.15 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 2592.19
9 46.10 45.79 43.98 44.02 44.97 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 1857.81
10 44.02 43.98 41.81 41.90 42.93 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 579.69
11 41.90 41.81 39.32 39.74 40.69 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 -817.19
12 39.74 39.32 37.75 37.70 38.63 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 -2107.81
13 37.77 37.75 35.28 35.19 36.50 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 -3439.06
14 35.19 35.28 34.62 34.82 34.98 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 42.00 625.00 -4389.06
ROAD 11 1 44.15 44.45 44.26 43.24 44.03 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 200.00 -195.00
2 43.24 44.26 44.87 43.62 44.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -626.56
3 43.62 44.87 44.75 43.63 44.22 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -489.06
4 43.63 44.75 45.79 43.95 44.53 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 -293.75
5 43.95 45.79 46.05 45.15 45.24 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 146.88
6 45.15 46.05 46.17 45.40 45.69 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 432.81
7 45.40 46.17 46.40 46.30 46.07 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 45.00 625.00 667.19
31485.00 75605.42 -65412.71
52
Erosion and
Sedimentation
Control Plan
53
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Naturally occurring erosion and sedimentation is accelerated by human activities, including site
clearance, deforestation, surface grading, and unplanned land disturbance. The erosion starts
when soil and rock particles separate during deposition. The erosion will speed up even more if
this is coupled with weather conditions like rain, runoff, and wind. Rainfall is the natural
phenomenon that influences erosion severity the most out of all these. Sheet erosion can be
caused on by raindrops, runoff shear force, or rainfall splashes. If the erosion issue is not
properly handled, gullies will form from creases or small rills.
Rainfall will produce tractive and dragging forces that will be resisted by cohesive forces or
inertia between the particles. These forces are quantified in terms of water flow, water velocity,
and the shape and roughness of soil particles. The Malaysia tropic catchment erodes on forest
and agricultural land at a rate of between 0.5 and 25 tons per hectare per year. It causes 1,000 to
10,000 tons of erosion per hectare each year on construction sites. In contrast, Malaysia's erosion
rate is around 10–20 times higher than that of the other nations with moderate climates. The
variation in rainfall between tropical and temperate regions is the reason for this.
Sedimentation is the process through which eroded particles are transported and deposited on top
of the ground or at the bottom of moving waterways. The buildup of silt in the riverbed can
result in flash floods, an increase in water level, and the extinction of marine ecosystems.
Sedimentation occasionally has to be controlled while a project is being constructed, much like
erosion, which is a dynamic process. It is crucial to correctly handle the controlling aspects of
sedimentation, such as the hydraulic and geomorphic characteristics of the drainage system and
the nature of the water receiving body, in order to prevent the unexpected occurrence of flash
floods and environmental damages in the future.
54
According to MSMA 2nd Edition, 2012, there are 8 major erosion and sediment control
principles stated below:
1. Minimising soil erosion
2. Preserving topsoil and other assets
3. Access routes and site management
4. Drainage control and runoff management
5. Earthworks and erosion control
6. Sediment prevention and control
7. Slope stabilisation
8. Site maintenance
This section makes reference to the guidelines included in the Urban Stormwater Management
Manual for Malaysia (MSMA 2nd Edition). This handbook was published in 2012 by the
Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Malaysia. Chapter 12 of the MSMA contains a
detailed description of specific erosion and sedimentation best management practices (BMPs) for
normal construction practices. BMPs fall into three main categories: erosion control BMPs,
sediment control BMPs, and runoff management control BMPs. Erosion control BMPs
emphasize the use of cover protection for the soil surface. Runoff control BMPs mention
temporary infrastructure that can be used to lessen channel erosion at building sites. Sediment
that is progressively produced downstream at construction sites is captured by BMPs for
sediment management. These BMPs are necessary to guarantee that the negative effects of
building operations on natural waterbodies are kept to a minimal.
55
3.2 SITE DESCRIPTION
Our site is located at the Mukim Pulai, Nusajaya, Johor Darul Takzim. The site's maximum
height is 88 meters, while its lowest elevation is 34 meters, and it is very next to the well-known
Pulai Spring Resort. The site's irregular contour line indicates that the region is hilly since some
spots have a greater slope than others. Although the land appears to be relatively level, the major
topography features large gaps between the contour lines.
Figure 3.2.1: Site Location Figure 3.2.2: Site Location contours

from Google Maps
56
The proposed project of developing a residential area needed to undergo erosion and
sedimentation plan design to avoid problems after construction phase. Figure 3.2.3 , 3.2.4 , and
3.2.55 below shows our final proposed of design ESCP in the site area.
Figure 3.2.3: Proposed Control Design
57
58
3.3 RUNOFF MANAGEMENT BMPs
In order to appropriately convey rainfall and reduce the likelihood of erosion, runoff
management is a process that controls the volume, velocity, and direction of the transport
medium. The flow should be directed there by transport control whenever the sediment can be
controlled and evacuated. The primary techniques for runoff control are to decrease runoff
volume, hold runoff (decrease runoff velocity), divert runoff, and disperse runoff energy. Runoff
management BMPs are the temporary structures we provide here to improve runoff control
during construction.
By constructing a temporary earth drain to divert runoff or channel water to the desired spot, the
risk of erosion and off-site sedimentation is reduced. It prevents erosion by diverting water to an
erosion control device, such as a silt trap or sediment basin. The following outcomes are met by
this drainage management strategy:
• Minimize the risk of rill and gully erosion.

• Control the velocity, volume and location of water flow through the site.
• Appropriately manage the movement of water through the site.
Fundamental requirements including the assessment of rainfall data and the site's ground
condition were necessary for the construction of an ideal temporary earth drain. It is created to
guarantee that the drainage system can resist the site's peak flow.
59
3.3.2 RAINFALL ESTIMATION
The rainfall intensity involves frequency, duration, and analysis of rainfall data.
1. Average Recurrence Interval (ARI)

Average recurrence interval can be defined as the average elapsed time in years between
floods of a given size occurring. For example, there is a flood occur in a particular place
in two-year time, thus the place has ARI of 2 years. In other words, A more frequent
flood will indicate a lesser ARI.
2. Time of Concentration
The time taken for water to travel from the most distant point hydraulically to the outlet
of a drainage system. It is the sum of drainage travel time and overland flow time. In the
early phase of construction, the construction site is considered as natural catchment area
due to there is no development started yet. Thus, the time of concentration in that natural
catchment is expressed below.
tc = to + td
1
107 × 𝑛∗ × 𝐿𝑜 3
𝑡𝑜 = 1
𝑆𝑜 5
Where:
tc = the time of concentration (minutes)
to = overland sheet flow travel time (minutes)
td = drain flow travel time (minutes)
L = length of overland sheet flow (m)
n* =Horton’s roughness value
S = slope of overland surface (%)
l = length of drainage flow (m)
v = velocity of flow (m/minutes)
60
3. Average Rainfall Intensity, i
The average rainfall intensity can be calculated using the following formula:
λ×𝑇 𝐾
i=
(𝑑+θ)η
Where:
i = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
T = average recurrence interval – ARI
d = storm duration (hours)
λ, κ, θ, η = Fitting constants dependent on the rain gauge location
3.3.3 PEAK DISCHARGE ESTIMATION
The rational method is used in this project since it is simpler to use and suitable for developing
small storage facilities. This method is also widely used in Malaysia and all around the world
since it yields reliable results when assessing small drainage catchments. Peak flow may be
calculated using the following equation:
𝐶×𝑖×𝐴
𝑄𝑝eak =
360
Where:
Qpeak = Peak Flow (m3/s)
C = Runoff coefficient
I = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
A = Drainage area (ha)
61
3.3.4 Area Calculation
CATCHMENT SUB-CATCHMENT Area (m2)
A1 107044.929
CATCHMENT 1 A2 85434.535
A3 20837.138
B1 18244.233
CATCHMENT 2
B2 45215.655
C1 25620.823
CATCHMENT 3 C2 95990.603
C3 52439.867
TOTAL AREA 450827.783
62
Qpeak Calculation
Reference Input & Calculations Output

Time of Concentration, 𝒕c
Take Sub-Catchment Area A1 for example of

calculation:
Area=107044.929 𝑚2
=10.704 Hectare
Velocity of flow, v = 1.348 m/s
(MSMA) Horton’s roughness, n* = 0.0275 (bare soil)

Table 2.2:
Values of
Length of drainage flow, L = 520 m
Horton’s
Roughness n*
(QUDM,2007) Length of overland sheet flow, Lo = 246 m
Average slope of overland surface, S0
(88−46)
S0= = 0.171
246
107×𝑛×(𝐿0)1/3
t0 =
(𝑆0)1/5
107×0.0275×2461/3
= = 26.247 min
0.1711/5
𝐿
td =
𝑉
520
= = 6.43 min
1.348×60
t c = t0 + td Time of
concentration
tC = 32.68 min
= 26.25 + 6.43
= 32.68 min
63
Average Rainfall Intensity, I (mm/hr)
Location = Ulu Tiram, Johor Bahru
Selected station = Pusat Kem. Pekan Nenas
ARI, T = 2 years (Table 1.1: Quantity Design Storm

ARIs)
APPENDIX
2.BIDF λ = 54.265
CONSTANTS
𝐾 = 0.179
32.68
d= = 0.545 hr
60
θ = 0.100
η = 0.756
λ×𝑇 𝐾
i=
(𝑑+θ)η
54.265×20.179
i= = 85.58 mm/hr
(0.545+0.100)0.756
Average Rainfall
Intensity
i =85.85 mm/hr
Peak Discharge Estimation
Flow coefficient, C = 0.50 (Forest Cover)

Table 2.5
(MSMA) 𝐶×𝑖×𝐴
Peak Flow, 𝑄𝑝eak =
360
0.50×85.85×10.704
= 𝑄𝑝eak = 1.276 m3/s
360
= 1.276 m3/s < Qc=1.452 m3 /s
Okay!
64
3.3.5 TEMPORARY DRAINAGE DESIGN
The Best Hydraulic Section (BHS) of a trapezoidal-shaped open channel is the foundation for the
temporary drainage design. Due to its slight slope, the trapezoidal channel is more ideal than a
rectangular channel with a 90 degree wall. In comparison to a triangular-shaped channel of the
same depth, it can also handle more water.
Trapezoidal best hydraulic section:

1 𝑦
For angle 60°; Z = ,R=2
√3
T = 2w and 𝐵 = 𝑦√1 + 𝑧 2
Derivation from B:
1 1
𝐵 = 2𝑦√1 + ( )2 − 2𝑦
√3 √3
2𝑦
𝐵=
√3
Using the same derivation from w:
2𝑦
𝐵=
√3
w=B
65
Assumed Temporary Drainage Dimensions:
y =1 m
B = 0.5 m
T = 2y = 2 m
Freebored =300 mm
1
Z=
√3
Sample calculation Drainage A1 (D1)
Channel flow capacity:
A= By+z𝑦 2
1
A= (0.5) (1) + (1) = 1.077 𝑚2
√3
2 1
𝑅3 𝑠2
V=
𝑛
(ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡−𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡)𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
Channel slope, Sd = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑙
(46−42)
= 520
= 0.008
𝐴 1.077 1.077
R= = 1 = 1 2
1
𝑃
𝐵+2𝑦(1+𝑧 2 )2 0.5+2(1)(1+( ) )2
√3
= 0.383 m
Table 2.1:
(From: Urban n= 0.035
2 1
Stormwater (0.3833 )(0.0082 )
Capacity flow,
Management Manual V= V=1.348 m/s
0.035
for Malaysia -
MASMA)
= 1.348 m/s
Chanel flow capacity, Qc = A×V
= 1.077(1.348)
Chanel flow
= 1.452 𝑚3 /𝑠 capacity, Qc=1.452
𝑉 m3 /s
Froude number, Fr =
(𝑔𝐷)1/2
1.348 Fr =0.586 < 1

= 1.077 = 0.586 < 1 Subcritical flow
(9.81×( 2 ))1/2
66
3.3.5.2 RESULTS
Concentration Time, tc
Horton’s Roughness = 0.0275 (Bare Soil)
Overland Average Drain Concentration

Highest Lowest Elevation Overland
Catchment Sub Area Sheet Surface Flow, Time, tc
Elevation Elevation Difference Flow, to
Area Area (ha) Length, L Slope td (mins)
(m) (m) (m) (mins)
(m) (%) (mins) > 5-10 mins
A1 10.704 246 88 46 42 0.171 26.250 6.43 32.680
A A2 8.543 135 68 42 26 0.193 20.980 1.24 22.220
A3 2.084 134 56 40 16 0.119 23.050 1.124 24.170
B1 1.824 127 52 38 14 0.110 23.000 1.105 24.110
B
B2 4.522 270 52 38 14 0.052 34.350 1.924 36.270
C1 2.562 114 44 34 10 0.088 23.200 1.575 24.780
C C2 9.599 150 52 34 18 0.120 23.890 1.234 25.120
C3 5.244 222 50 34 16 0.072 30.160 4.623 34.780
Average Rainfall Intensity, i
ARI = 2 years
λ = 54.265 ; 𝐾 = 0.179 ; θ = 0.100 ; η = 0.756
Storm
Concentration Rainfall Peak Peak
Catchment Temporary Area Duration,
Time, tc intensity, i Flow, Qp Flow, Qp
Area Drainage (ha) d = tc
(mins) (mm/hour) (m3/s) (m3/s)
(hrs)
A1 10.704 32.680 0.545 85.581 1.272
A A2 8.543 22.220 0.370 108.717 1.290 2.861
A3 2.084 24.170 0.403 103.281 0.299
B1 1.824 24.110 0.402 103.436 0.262
B 0.765
B2 4.522 36.270 0.605 80.015 0.503
C1 2.562 24.780 0.413 101.755 0.362
C C2 9.599 25.120 0.419 100.864 1.345 2.306
C3 5.244 34.780 0.580 82.229 0.599
67
Temporary Drainage Dimensions
1
Freeboard = 300 mm ; Z =
√3
Peak Friction
Catchment Temporary Flow, Slope, B T y H P A R v Q
Fr
Area Drainage Qp S (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m2) (m) (m/s) (m3/s)
(m3/s) (m/m)
A1 1.306 0.008 0.5 2 1 1.3 2.809 1.077 0.383 1.348 0.6 1.452
A A2 1.299 0.077 0.5 2 1 1.3 2.809 1.077 0.383 4.181 1.82 4.503
A3 0.301 0.049 0.5 2 1 1.3 2.809 1.077 0.383 3.336 1.45 3.592
B1 0.264 0.025 0.5 2 1 1.3 2.809 1.077 0.383 2.383 1.04 2.566
B
B2 0.506 0.036 0.5 2 1 1.3 2.809 1.077 0.383 2.859 1.24 3.079
C1 0.365 0.023 0.5 2 1 1.3 2.809 1.077 0.383 2.285 0.99 2.461
C C2 1.354 0.049 0.5 2 1 1.3 2.809 1.077 0.383 3.336 1.45 3.592
C3 0.610 0.010 0.5 2 1 1.3 2.809 1.077 0.383 1.507 0.66 1.623
68
3.4 SEDIMENT CONTROL BMPs
Sediment contamination is most frequently caused by construction activities. The most prevalent
type of pollution in rivers, streams, lakes, and reservoirs is sediment. Aquatic insects, fish, and
other species in the impacted streams may suffer long-term effects from this kind of pollution.
Sediment control BMPs are one of the specific sediment best management practices (BMPs) that
should be used for frequent construction activities that cause erosion of construction sites and the
formation of sediment.
A method or construct known as sediment control is used to prevent eroded soil from a
construction site from washing away and polluting nearby waterways. The structure, usually
located downstream of construction sites to collect the additional sediment produced, such as a
sediment trap or sediment basin. These structures need to be well planned in order to ensure that
the facilities provided can satisfy the demand on-site.
69
3.4.1 SOIL LOSS ESTIMATION
The mathematical model called the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was created to forecast
soil erosion on a field caused by surface runoff and rainfall. Under various climatic
circumstances, soil types, topographic features, agricultural systems, and conservation strategies,
the empirical result of the USLE corresponds to a long-term average yearly rate of soil losses.
The most widely used formula for soil erosion, USLE consider the factors:
A = R . K . LS . C . P
Where:
A = Average annual soil erosion loss (ton/ha/yr)
R = Rainfall erosivity factor (MJ.mm/ha.yr)
K = Soil erodibility factor (ton/ha/(MJ.mm/ha/h))
LS = Topographic factor that represents the slope length and slope steepness
C = Cover Management factor
P = Support Practice factor
70

Determination of Rainfall Erositivity, R
Figure 12.5
(MSMA)
Since our development site is located near Pulai, Johor,

which is in the blue area on the map, the rainfall erosivity,
R = 12,500 – 15,000 MJ.mm/ha/h.yr.
But for our design, we are going to use the higher limit RA1 = 15,000
value. MJ.mm/ha/h.yr
Determination of Soil Erodibility, K
The soil composition detected in our site investigation is

the following:
KA1= 0.035
71
Slope Length and Steepness Factor (LS)
Since we have different slope gradients on our

development site, we will have different LS factor values.
The value for LS factor can be obtained using equation:
LS = (λ / Ψ)m (0.065 + 0.046S + 0.0065S2)
Where:
λ = sheet flow path length (m or feet)
Ψ= 22.13 for SI UNITS
AND 72.6 FOR English Units (BU)
s = average slope gradient (%)
m = 0.2 for s < 1,
= 0.3 for 1 ≤ s< 3,
= 0.4 for 3 ≤ s< 5,
= 0.5 for 5 ≤s< 12
= 0.6 for s ≥ 12
For Zone A1:
Horizontal slope length, λ = 246 m

Slope steepness, s = 0.171 %
LSA1 = (246 / 22.13)0.2 (0.065 + 0.046x0.171 +

0.0065x0.1712)
LSA1 = 0.118
LSA1 = 0.118
Determination of C factor
Condition C
Undisturbed existing (before earthwork) 0.36
Table 12.4 Disturbed uncontrolled (during earthwork) 1 C = 0.36
Disturbed controlled (finish earthwork) 0.05
Determination of P factor
Table 12.5 Condition P

Undisturbed existing (before earthwork) 1 P = 1.00
Disturbed uncontrolled (during earthwork) 1
Disturbed controlled (finish earthwork) 0.5
Soil Loss Estimation
Soil loss estimation is carried out for all the areas in our
development site by the following equation:
A = R . K . LS . C . P
72
For Area A1
A = R . K . LSA1 . C . P
A = (15,000)(0.035)(0.118)(0.36)(1.00)
A = 22.302 tonne/ha/year AA1= 22.302
tonne/ha/year
3.4.1.2 RESULTS
CONDITION PARAMETERS ZONE
A B C
A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 C1 C2 C3
EXISTING R 15000
K 0.035 0.039 0.037
LS 0.118 0.106 0.101 0.099 0.111 0.096 0.104 0.108
C 0.36
P 1.00
A 22.302 20.034 19.089 20.849 23.377 19.181 20.779 21.578
EARTHWORK R 15000
K 0.035 0.039 0.037
LS 0.118 0.106 0.101 0.099 0.111 0.096 0.104 0.108
C 1.00
P 1.00
A 61.95 55.65 53.025 57.915 64.935 53.28 57.72 59.94
EARTHWORK R 15000
(CONTROLLED)
K 0.035 0.035 0.035
LS 0.118 0.106 0.101 0.099 0.111 0.096 0.104 0.108
C 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
P 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
A 1.549 1.391 1.326 1.448 1.623 1.332 1.443 1.449
73
3.5 SEDIMENT YIELD ESTIMATION
The quantity of sediment anticipated at the drainage point's end from the chosen location is
known as the sediment yield. In order to size and maintain sediment control BMPs, the amount
of sediment is predicted using this calculation. The predicted sediment production of the
catchment as a result of a particular storm event typically uses the Modified Universal Soil Loss
Equation (MUSLE). Designing a sediment basin or trap uses the predicted volume of sediment
storage.
This empirical relationship for individual storm event is expressed as:
Y = 89.6(VQPeak)0.56(K . LS . C . P)
Where:
Y = Sediment yield per storm event (tones)
V = Runoff volume (m3)
Qpeak = Peak discharge (m3/s)
K, LS, C, P = USLE factors
74
Runoff parameters
We must know the design rainfall in order to determine

the runoff peak discharge and the runoff volume which
are the runoff parameters.
Design Storm:
Area A1
Design storm = 5 years

Catchment Area, A = 10.704 ha
Time of concentration, tc = 32.680 mins
Duration of storm = 1 hour (assumed) = 60 minutes
Intensity of design storm, i = 85.581 mm/hr
Peak Discharge
Rational Method
Runoff Coefficient, C = 0.5 (Bare soil)
Intensity of design storm, i = 85.581 mm/hr
Qpeak = C×i×A / 360

Qpeak = (0.5 * 85.581 * 10.704)/360 Qpeak = 1.272 m3/s
Qpeak = 1.272 m3/s
Runoff Volume
Rational Method Hydrograph Method (Type 2)
Time of concentration, tc = 32.68 minutes
Peak discharge, Qpeak = 1.272 m3/s
Therefore,
V = 0.5 * 2tc * Qpeak
V = 0.5 * 2(32.68 * 60) * 1.272
V = 2494.138 m3 V= 2494.138 m3
75
Sediment Yield
In this case the values ok K, LS, C, and P factors are

assumed the same as those used for soil loss estimation
for existing condition.
Using (MUSLE), the sediment yield can be calculated as

shown below:
Y = 89.6(VQPeak)0.56(K×LS×C×P)
Y = 89.6(2494.138 * 1.272)0.56(0.035 * 0.118 * 0.36 *

1.00) Y = 12.172
Y = 12.172 tonnes tons
3.5.2 RESULTS
EXISITNG
AREA Tc Qpeak V Y
BASIN ZONE SUBZONE K LS C P TOTAL
(ha) (min) (m3/s) (m3) (Tonnes)
A1 10.704 32.680 1.272 2494.138 0.035 0.118 0.36 1.00 12.172
1 A A2 8.543 22.220 1.290 1719.828 0.035 0.106 0.36 1.00 8.949 22.859
A3 2.084 24.170 0.299 433.61 0.035 0.101 0.36 1.00 1.738
B1 1.824 24.110 0.262 379.009 0.039 0.099 0.36 1.00 1.635

2 B 6.420
B2 4.522 36.270 0.503 1094.629 0.039 0.111 0.36 1.00 4.785
C1 2.562 24.780 0.362 538.222 0.037 0.096 0.36 1.00 2.194
3 C C2 9.599 25.120 1.345 2027.184 0.037 0.104 0.36 1.00 10.418 17.858
C3 5.244 34.780 0.599 1249.993 0.037 0.108 0.36 1.00 5.246
Total Sediment Yield = 47.137 Tonnes
76
EARTHWORK (UNCONTROLLED)
AREA Tc Qpeak V Y
A1 10.704 32.680 1.272 2494.138 0.035 0.118 1.00 1.00 33.81
1 A A2 8.543 22.220 1.290 1719.828 0.035 0.106 1.00 1.00 24.859 63.498
A3 2.084 24.170 0.299 433.61 0.035 0.101 1.00 1.00 4.829
B1 1.824 24.110 0.262 379.009 0.039 0.099 1.00 1.00 4.543

2 B 17.834
B2 4.522 36.270 0.503 1094.629 0.039 0.111 1.00 1.00 13.291
C1 2.562 24.780 0.362 538.222 0.037 0.096 1.00 1.00 6.095
3 C C2 9.599 25.120 1.345 2027.184 0.037 0.104 1.00 1.00 28.939 49.607
C3 5.244 34.780 0.599 1249.993 0.037 0.108 1.00 1.00 14.573
EARTHWORK (CONTROLLED)
AREA Tc Qpeak V Y
A1 10.704 32.680 1.272 2494.138 0.035 0.118 0.05 0.50 0.845
1 A A2 8.543 22.220 1.290 1719.828 0.035 0.106 0.05 0.50 0.621 1.587
A3 2.084 24.170 0.299 433.61 0.035 0.101 0.05 0.50 0.121
B1 1.824 24.110 0.262 379.009 0.039 0.099 0.05 0.50 0.114

2 B 0.446
B2 4.522 36.270 0.503 1094.629 0.039 0.111 0.05 0.50 0.332
C1 2.562 24.780 0.362 538.222 0.037 0.096 0.05 0.50 0.152
3 C C2 9.599 25.120 1.345 2027.184 0.037 0.104 0.05 0.50 0.723 1.239
C3 5.244 34.780 0.599 1249.993 0.037 0.108 0.05 0.50 0.364
77
3.6 SEDIMENT BASIN DESIGN
A sediment basin commonly consists of an impoundment, a dam, a riser pipe outlet, and an
emergency spillway. In order to collect and store sediment from construction sites that have been
graded or cleared for extended periods of time before permanent vegetation is re-established or
permanent drainage structures are built, it is a structure made by excavating and/or building an
embankment across a waterway or other suitable locations. It serves a larger catchment but
fulfills the same function as a sediment trap, which collects particles before it leaves the
construction site. Until a permanent detention basin, a water quality control facility, or the site
area is permanently protected against erosion, the basin will be maintained filled. For the
duration of the construction, it is a temporary measure.
The two types of silt trap systems—dry sediment basin and wet sediment basin—can be
distinguished by the design guidelines in the MSMA. The sort of system used will depend on the
soil quality at the building location.
The kind of soil materials that are likely to be washed and eroded into the sediment basins has a
major role in the successful design and operation of sediment basins. The design strategy takes
into account variations in the way that particles of various sizes behave as they settle in the
water. It goes without saying that coarse-grained sediment will settle more quickly than fine-
grained sediment, and certain types of clay particles never settle at all on their own.
78
The table below shows the design criteria and requirement of sediment basin that we refer from
MASMA.
79
80
References Calculation Output

Sediment basin Design
Sediment basin catchment design
Determination of type of basin
Table 12.16 From the soil description, dry sediment basin is chosen for area A
Determination of sediment basin dimensions
tc= 32.68 min

Table 12.18 Required surface area = 200 𝑚2/ ha
Required total volume = 240 𝑚3/ ha
Catchment area = 21.331 ha 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 =4266.2
Surface area of basin required, 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑞 = 21.331 x 200 = 4266.2 𝑚2 𝑚2
Total basin volume required, 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙= 21.331 x 240 = 5119.44 𝑚3 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙=5119.44
𝑚3
Settling Zone
Required settling zone, 𝑉1 = 2559.72 𝑚3(half of the total

Table 12.17 volume)
Selected settling zone depth, 𝑦1 = 0.6 m (minimum settling zone
depth)
Try settling zone average width, 𝑊1 = 45 m
Settling zone average length.
𝑉1 2559.72
𝐿1= = = 94.8 ≈ 95 𝑚
𝑦1×𝑊1 0.6×45
Average surface area = 𝑊1 × 𝐿1 = 45 x 95 = 4275 𝑚2

> 4266.2 𝑚2
Checking settlement zone dimension, (OK)
𝐿1 95
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = 158.33
𝑦1 0.6 < 200 (OK)
𝐿1 72.5 > 2 (OK)

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = = 2.1
𝑊1 45
81
Settlement Storage Zone
Required sediment storage zone, 𝑉2 = 2559.72 𝑚3 (half of the

total volume)
For side slope Z = 2(H):1(V), the dimensions at the top of the
sediment storage zone is,
𝑑1 0.6
𝑊2 = 𝑊1 − (2 𝑥 2 𝑥𝑍) = 45 − (2 𝑥 2 𝑥 2) = 44 m
𝑑1 0.6
L2 = L1 − (2 𝑥 𝑥𝑍) = 95− (2 𝑥 𝑥 2) = 94 m
2 2
The required depth for the sediment storage zone, which must be
at least 0.3𝑚, can be calculated from the following relationship,
𝑉2 = 𝑍 2 𝑦23 − 𝑍𝑦22 (𝑊2 + 𝐿2) + 𝑦2(𝑤2 × 𝐿2)
𝑦2 > 0.3 𝑚
2559.72 = 4𝑦23 − 276𝑦22 + 4136𝑦2
Use trial and error to find 𝑦2, > 1678.5 𝑚3

When y2= 0.7m, V2= 2761.332 𝑚3 > 2559.72 𝑚3 (OK)
Overall, Basin Dimensions
Base:
𝑦1
WB= 𝑊1 − 2 × 𝑍 ( ) = 41 𝑚 WB= 41 m
2
𝑦1
LB= 𝐿1 − 2 × 𝑍 ( 2 ) = 91 𝑚
LB= 91 m
Depth:
Settling zone, 𝑦1 = 0.6 m

Sediment storage zone, 𝑦2 = 0.7 m y1= 0.6 m
Side slope, Z = 2(H): 1(V) y2= 0.7 m
82
Sizing of Basin Outlet
The spillway for this sediment basin must be design for 10-years
ARI. The proposed spillway dimension is 0.9m wide x 1.1m
length. The spillway must be set a minimum 300mm above the
basin top water level. To simplify the calculations, the following
assumptions are made:
• assume riser pipe flow is orifice flow through the top of
the pipe only
• riser pipe head is 300 mm, i.e., the height between the top
of the pipe and the spillway crest level
Qrequired= Q10-Qriser
Table 12.17 (a) Determination of:
λ𝑇 𝐾
i=
(𝑑+θ)η
where:
i = The average rainfall intensity (mm/hr) for selected ARI (T)

and storm duration (d)
T = average recurrence interval, ARI (years)
d = storm duration (hours); 0.20 ≤ d ≤ 72
λ, κ, θ, η = fitting constant dependent on the rain gauge location
Location ARI, T Storm λ κ θ η

& (year) Duration,
Station D
ID (hour)
Pusat 10 0.545 54.265 0.179 0.100 0.756
Kem.
Pekan
Nenas
1534002
54.265×100.179
Appendix 2.B
i= 32.68 = 114.20 𝑚𝑚/ℎ𝑟 i= 114.20
( +0.1)0.756
60
Table 2.B2 mm/hr
Using Rational Method,

Coefficient of Runoff, C = 0.5
Q10=
𝐶×𝑖×𝐴
=
0.5×114.20×21.331
= 3.383 𝑚3/𝑠 Q10= 3.383
360 360 m3/s
83
b) Determination of 𝑄𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟
Try with 1 orifice with diameter 0.45 m at the same level. Allow
head of 0.3m from the centroid of orifice.
𝑄𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟 = 𝐶𝑜𝐴𝑜√2𝑔𝐻0 = 0.6 × 0.159 × √2 × 9.81 × 0.3

= 0.231 𝑚3/𝑠
c) Sizing of spillway
Qrequired= Q10-Qriser
Qrequired=3.383-0.231
Qrequired=3.152 𝑚3/𝑠
Qpillway = Csp B Hp1.5
Trial dimensions: B = 1.0 m, 𝐻𝑝 = 1.5 m, 𝐶𝑠𝑝 = 1.79
Qpillway = 1.79 × 1.0 × 1.51.5 = 3.288 𝑚3/𝑠
Therefore, the total basin depth including the spillway is,

> 3.152 𝑚3/𝑠
Total depth = y1+y2+Hp+Freebored (Ok)
= 0.6 + 0.7 +1.5 + 0.3 = 3.1 m
Trapping Efficiency
Sediment yield estimation (Uncontrolled condition) = 63.498

tones
Efficiency = 90%
Total sediment yield trapped in basin A= 57.148 tones or 35.718

𝑚3 (Converted from soil bulk density of 1600 kg/m3)
Volume of designed sediment storage zone = 2559.72 𝑚3
It would require 2559.72 / 35.718= 71.665 events of same

magnitude to fill up the sediment storage zone. Assuming the
design storm is equivalent to 3-month
ARI, the storage zone is likely to be filled up in 71.665/4 = 18

years.
84
Setting Zone
Total Total
Required Requied Required
Total basin basin Width, Average
tc surface total settling Depth, Length,
Basin catchment area volume W1 surface
Area (ha) (min) Area volume zone, V1 y1 (m) L1 (m)
required required (m) area
(m2/ha) (m3/ha) (m3)
(m3) (m3) (m2)
1 21.331 32.680 200 240 4266.2 5119.44 2559.72 0.6 45 95 4275
2 6.346 36.270 200 240 1269.2 1523.04 761.52 0.6 25 51 1275
3 17.405 34.780 200 240 3481 4177.2 2088.6 0.6 40 88 3520
Setting Zone
Requirment
L1/y1 L1/W1
Checking
158.33 2.11 OK!
85 2.04 OK!
146.67 2.2 OK!
Settling Storage Zone
Total Total
Required
Total basin basin Volume
settling Width, Length, Depth,
Basin catchment area volume V2 Checking
Area (ha) zone, V2 W2 (m) L2 (m) y2 (m)
required required provided
(m3)
(m3) (m3)
1 21.331 4266.2 5119.44 2559.72 44 94 0.7 2761.332 OK!
2 6.346 1269.2 1523.04 761.52 24 50 0.7 768.852 OK!
3 17.405 3481 4177.20 2088.6 39 87 0.7 2252.992 OK!
85
Overall, Basin Dimensions
Base (m) Depth (m)

Total catchment
Basin
Area (ha)
WB LB y1 y2
1 21.331 41 91 0.6 0.7
2 6.346 21 47 0.6 0.7
3 12.531 36 84 0.6 0.7
Sizing of Basin Outlet
Total Rainfall
Q10 B Hp
Basin catchment intensity Qriser Qrequired Csp Qspillway
(m3/s) (m) (m) checking
Area (ha) (mm/hr) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s)
1 21.331 114.2 3.383 0.231 3.152 1 1.5 1.79 3.288 OK!
2 6.346 106.79 0.941 0.231 0.71 0.5 1 1.48 0.74 OK!
3 17.405 109.72 2.652 0.231 2.421 0.8 1.5 1.83 2.69 OK!
Total Basin Depth Including Spillway
y1 y2 Hp Freebored Total
Basin
(m) (m) (m) H (m) Depth
1 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.3 3.1
2 0.6 0.7 1 0.3 2.6
3 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.3 3.1
86
Trapping Efficiency
Total Sediment Sedimet Sedimet Volume

Efficiency
Basin catchment Yeild Trapped Trapped provided Checkig
Area (ha) (%)
(tonnes) (tones) (m3) V2 (m3)
1 21.331 63.498 90% 57.148 35.718 2559.72 OK!
2 6.346 17.834 90% 16.051 10.032 761.52 OK1
3 12.531 49.607 90% 44.646 27.904 2088.60 OK1
87
Center of Spillway Rock Embankment
PLANE
Width, W1
Inflow Length, L1
Crest of Spillway
SECTION Orifice
300mm
Inflow
y2 y1 Hp 1
1
Sediment settling Zone

Sediment Storage Zone
LB
L2
Engineering Drawing for a Dry Basin for the Construction site
88
3.7 EROSION CONTROL BMPs
3.7.1 SILT FENCE
In order to prevent sediment (loose soil) from stormwater runoff that can have an impact on the
water quality of nearby streams, rivers, lakes, and seas, building sites often utilize silt fences as a
temporary sediment control strategy. A wire fence may or may not be used to support the silt
fence, depending on the tensile strength of the filter fabric that has been stretched across, fixed to
supporting poles, and embedded. A fence is built on the land, downhill from the disturbance
spot, prior to any soil disturbance.
This strategy reduces the quantity of soil that leaves a disturbed region by acting as a linear
barrier that creates upstream ponding rather than filtering runoff. In our project, the temporary
drainage and sediment basin is surrounded by silt fences. A few hours after a storm, the cloth is
agitated to get the particles out of the way and let clean water pass through. Larger soil particles
will settle out and eventually fill the silt fence to the top of the structure, depending on the
protected watershed and erosion. The location could require the installation of a new silt fence
above or below it, the creation of a new ponding area, or the removal of the current fence, the
removal or spreading of the sediment, and the installation of a new fence.
Since silt fence is easily damaged, it should be checked over and maintained frequently,
especially after each rainstorm event. Regular occurrences include the fabric falling off the poles,
the posts being struck, or the fabric developing holes and tearing. Under such operating
circumstances, it can be challenging to keep a silt barrier functional. Consequently, a silt barrier
may be taken down, shifted, and then put back up.
89
3.7.2 WASH TROUGH
By holding seeds, fertilizer, and topsoil in place while they germinate and grow, mulching is a
temporary ground cover that promotes plant growth. Mulching also reduces soil compaction and
soil cracking, enhances runoff penetration into the soil, shields the soil from the impacts of
rainfall, and conserves moisture around vegetation. Mulching can be used to temporarily
stabilize recently cleared or seeded areas. Mulch kinds include organic elements including straw,
wood chips, bark, and other types of wood fibers. With different types of organic or inorganic
matting, as well as chemical stabilization, mulches can be used. Mulching does require
continuing and post-storm inspection, even though an effort should be made to replace damaged
mulch.
3.7.3 GEOTEXTILES AND MATS
Mattings, whether they are composed of natural or synthetic materials, are frequently used to
stabilize soil, prevent erosion caused by rainfall impact temporarily or permanently, hold soil in
place, and absorb and hold moisture close to the soil surface. Examine geotextiles and mats for
any loose matting that has to be re-anchored or reconnected. The matting and geotextiles need
little upkeep. Matting costs somewhat more than other erosion control BMPs, though. The
aptitude of the installation team is crucial to its performance. Plastic sheeting and other synthetic
matting should not be utilized as temporary or emergency protection because they can increase
runoff rates in downslope areas.
90
3.7.4 SKID TANK
For controlling oil and grease, install a skid tank. On a small steel platform, it is an above-ground
tank. It is ideal to have a storage tank close by at a building site where temporary fuelling
activities are carried out. To avoid oil spills, surround the skid tank with a bund (concrete or
brick) that includes a grease trap and perimeter drain. Bunds, a type of enclosure that encloses
the tank, can assist prevent the leakage of dangerous substances like poisonous liquids onto the
ground or into surface water. Chemical leaks can be avoided thanks to it.
91
3.8 APPENDIX
92
75
93
76
94
77
95
78
96
WATER
RETICULATION
97
4.1 INTRODUCTION
HORIZON CONSTRUCT SDN BHD is responsible for the proposed development

project where all key elements have to be addressed such as earthwork, erosion sedimentation,
cost estimation and water reticulation. This text encompasses a brief yet detailed report by the
Water Reticulation department which was led by Chin Siaw Shi and Hussun Mahmood
Jawaheer.
The very basic purpose of a water reticulation system is to provide clean water to the
consumers. The designers have to figure out every detail of the system before the installations
are implemented. The factors that are considered are the sizes of the pipes to be used, the pipes'
location, water demand and the flow of water in the pipes should follow the local authority's
guidelines. In our case it is the Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN).
A water reticulation system helps water move from the original source (water tank) to the
consumers. In our design, the water flows due to gravity. The water moves with the help of
energy and must overcome any resistance it encounters along its path.
4.2 OBJECTIVES
The objective of the water reticulation system is to:
• Supply potable water at sufficient pressure and quantity.
The objectives of this design are to:
a. Determine the capacity of storage water tank

b. Determine the flow rates in pipes.
c. Ensure the minimum residual pressure heads are satisfied.
d. Determine the pipe size and pipe type.
98
4.3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
First of all, the pipe layout was drawn as shown in Figure 4.1. This was done in such a
way so that the pipes are nearest to the consumers, that is, the residential, commercial, and
residential units. Also as mentioned above, a closed loop system was chosen. Then the
network is skeletonized (multiple consumer points’ demands are grouped at a node) to ease
calculations as shown in Figure 4.2.
Next the water demand of different types of premises or buildings was estimated and
calculated based on SPAN.
The design of the peak flow was calculated by the Hardy Cross of Head Balance
Method while the pressure head was calculated by using Bernoulli’s equation and Hazen’s
William to calculate the head loss.
For the analysis of flow rate, the open-source software EPANET – developed by
United States Environmental Protection Agency was used. Based on consultation from the
earthwork department, the proposed level for water tank and all nodes were obtained.
4.3.1 General Design Criteria

For our design, we used a closed loop pipe system. This is because we want minimum
disruption to the water network even in case of burst pipes or maintenance works ongoing.
Also Fire Hydrants are installed at their optimum places so that there is no place in the
network that does not have a fire hydrant in a 180m radius around it.
For the flow of water in pipes, according to SPAN, it should have satisfied the following
properties:
• Velocity between 0.3 m/s to 2.0 m/s

• Head loss < 2 m/km
• Residual pressure head between 7.5m to 30m
• Minimum pipe diameter 100 mm
99
Figure 4.1 - Showing Pipe network.
100
I ____Key ___-�
I �� I Pipeline
I
I I Service pipe
I
I @> I Fire Hydrant
1- _-----
� _ -1- �ode __
I
Grouping linel
I • I Water Tank I
Figure 4.1 b - Showing Pipe network with

service pipes
101
Figure 4.2 - Showing skeletonized pipe network
102
4.3.2 Water Demand
The water demand of different premises was estimated and then group into several out
of nodes and calculated based on SPAN Table B.1.
Figure 4.3 – Tabulation of Estimated Water Demand Rate from SPAN.
103
Figure 4.4 – Tabulation of Estimated Water Demand Rate from SPAN.
4.3.3 Pipe Selection
In this project, HDPE pipe is selected as it is durable, flexible, and it will not rust like
iron pipe. Several pipe diameters are selected to ensure the flow velocity, head loss and residual
pressure at each of the nodes satisfy the requirement stated in SPAN. The Coefficient, C is the
Hazen-Williams roughness coefficient value provided in the EPANET manual online (Figure
4.5).
Pipe Material Coefficient, C Diameter, D (mm)

110
140
HDPE 140
200
250
104
Figure 4.5 - Hazen-Williams roughness coefficient value provided in the EPANET manual
online.
4.3.4 Peak Flow Rate

Peak flow rate (𝑄𝑄𝑝𝑝 ) is used in determining pipe size.
𝑄𝑄𝑝𝑝 = 𝑓𝑓 × 𝑄𝑄𝑎𝑎 ,
whereby 𝑄𝑄𝑎𝑎 = Average water demand

𝑓𝑓 = peak factor (varies based on type of area, according to MWA- Design Guidelines for
Water Supply Systems)
Area Peak factor, f
Urban and rural areas 2.5
Felda Schemes 3.0
4.3.5 Fire Fighting Flow
In designing fire fighting flow, the class of risk provided in MWA is referred to in
order to obtain know the fire flow rate and the maximum number of fire hydrants that can be
operated simultaneously. Generally, the fire fighting flow rate is equal to the number of fire
hydrant used, whereas the average flow rate is taken as the flow in domestic pipe. The out of
node that is farthest away from the water tank is chosen and the water demand at that node is
added with the fire flow chosen based on the class of risk and building types. The formula
below is being used to add up the flow rates at the chosen node:
Fire flow (Qfire) = Average flow, Qa + Fire hydrant flow
105
Figure 4.6 - Table of Class of Risk for Fire Hydrant Flow (MWA)
4.3.6 Flow Balancing by Iteration
Flow balancing must be achieved when we are designing water flow in pipes, means
that the flow rate of the overall network, as well as the flow rates at each node, must be
balanced, which means that ∑ Qin = ∑ Qout. The Hardy Cross methodology is an iterative
method to be use for calculating flow in pipe network systems whereby the inputs and outputs
are known but the flow within the network is unknown. This method can help to estimate the
suitable value of correction to be applied for each loop or junction analyzed. The iterations will
continue until the value of Q approaches zero.
106
4.3.7 Head Losses
In this project, it is assumed that all loses are due to friction loss. Minor losses can be
adjusted using comparable pipe length. Minor losses can be caused by flow via valves and
fittings, and it can be described as losses via an equivalent length of straight pipes.
The Hazen Williams formula is used to calculate head loss in this project.
10.69 x L
ℎ𝐿𝐿 = 1.85 4.87
x Q1.85
C xD
whereby
L = effective pipe length (m)
D = pipe diameter (m)
C = Hazen-Williams’ pipe roughness coefficient = 140 for HDPE pipe
Q = Flow rate in pipe (m3/s)
4.3.8 Maximum Allowable Velocity
Maximum allowable velocity needs to be considered when analysing the pipe flow.
This is to protect the pipes so that they can last longer. SPAN recommends the minimum
velocity to be 0.3 m/s so that deposition can be minimised. The recommended maximum
velocity is 2.0m/s so abrasion can be prevented. If the pipe is used in pump suction, the
maximum velocity is 1.2m/s to reduce problem with cavitation. If the velocity exceeds the
maximum limit, larger pipe diameter should be used if it is economical.
4.3.9 Height of Elevated Water Tank

To get the pressure head at first node, Bernoulli’s equation can be used:
P0 v0 2 P1 v1 2
+ + z0 = + + z1 + ∑ hL ,
ρg 2g ρg 2g
whereby
Point 0 is at the elevated tank water surface
Point 1 is at Out of Node 1
107
P0
= pressure head at water tank fluid surface
ρg
P1
= pressure head at Out of Node 1
ρg
v0 2
= velocity head at elevated tank water surface
2g
v1 2
= velocity head at Out of Node 1
2g
zo = Elevation of Bottom Water Level (BWL)
z1 = Elevation of Out of Node 1 from datum
P v0 2 v1 2
Let H = , H0 + + z0 = H1 + + z1 + ∑ hL
ρg 2g 2g
Ho is zero because of the fluid surface is having atmospheric pressure and H1 is the final
v0 2
satisfactory pressure head at Out of Node 1. The value of is zero as it is at the water tank
2g
surface. Then, compute the value of zo , which is the bottom water level (BWL). The top
water level (TWL) can be obtained by adding the value of BWL with the workable storage
height of the water tank.
TWL = BWL + workable storage height
4.3.10 Capacity of Elevated Water Tank
To calculate the capacity or volume of the elevated water tank, the total average water
demand is being used. A 2-day storage tank is designed in this project.
108
4.3.11 Site Dimensions for Service Reservoir (Circular Footprint)
The site area for construction of water tank needs to be checked to make sure it is
larger than the minimum site dimension as suggested in SPAN Table B.5.
Figure 4.7 – Minimum site dimension for circular service reservoir (SPAN)
109
4.4. CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS
4.4.1 Water Demand Calculation
Total
Out of Water Average Peak Flow Peak Flow
Water Demand Description Unit Quantity Unit Demand
Node Demand Flow (L/s) Rate (L/s) Rate (m3/day)
(L/Day)
1 INDUSTRI RINGAN KLUSTER (light industrial
workshop) 1500 lpd/unit 4 unit 6000 0.0694 0.1736 15.0000
workshop) 1500 lpd/unit 6 unit 9000
INDUSTRI PERKHIDMATAN KLUSTER
(shophouse double storey) 3000 lpd/unit 2 unit 6000
ASRAMA PEKERJA (low cost flat ) 1100 lpd/unit 60 unit 66000
81000 0.9375 2.3438 202.5000
INDUSTRI PERKHIDMATAN KLUSTER
24000 0.2778 0.6944 60.0000
INDUSTRI RINGAN SESEBUAH (bunglow
19500 0.2257 0.5642 48.7500
110
9 INDUSTRI PERKHIDMATAN KLUSTER
INDUSTRI RINGAN KLUSTER (light industrial
15000 0.1736 0.4340 37.5000
10 INDUSTRI RINGAN SESEBUAH (bunglow
15000 0.1736 0.4340 37.5000
7500 0.0868 0.2170 18.7500
INDUSTRI RINGAN BERKEMBAR (Semi detached
6000 0.0694 0.1736 15.0000
111
6000 0.0694 0.1736 15.0000
LOJI RAWATAN KUMBAHAN (assume same as
building for medium industry) 50000 l/hectare 0.22258 hectare 11129
14129 0.1635 0.4088 35.3225
15000 0.1736 0.4340 37.5000
19 INDUSTRI RINGAN BERKEMBAR (Semi detached
20 INDUSTRI PERKHIDMATAN TERES (shophouse
double storey) 3000 lpd/unit 10 unit 30000 0.3472 0.8681 75.0000
24000 0.2778 0.6944 60.0000
112
24000 0.2778 0.6944 60.0000
18000 0.2083 0.5208 45.0000
7500 0.0868 0.2170 18.7500
INDUSTRI PERKHIDMATAN TERES (shophouse
double storey) 3000 lpd/unit 6 unit 18000
22500 0.2604 0.6510 56.2500
30000 0.3472 0.8681 75.0000
113
31500 0.3646 0.9115 78.7500
30000 0.3472 0.8681 75.0000
TOTAL: 701129 8.1149 20.2873 1752.8225
114
4.4.2 Analysis Result from EPANET
115
Network Table - Nodes
Elevation Demand Head Pressure

Node ID m CMD m m
Junc 1 58 15.00 71.89 13.89
Junc 2 58 15.00 71.75 13.75
Junc 3 56 202.50 71.70 15.70
Junc 4 58 45.00 71.78 13.78
Junc 5 54 45.00 71.68 17.68
Junc 6 54 60.00 71.63 17.63
Junc 7 54 48.75 71.60 17.60
Junc 8 54 22.50 71.58 17.58
Junc 9 54 37.50 71.59 17.59
Junc 10 53 37.50 71.57 18.57
Junc 11 53 18.75 71.56 18.56
Junc 12 50 30.00 71.51 21.51
Junc 13 53 18.75 71.56 18.56
Junc 14 53 15.00 71.52 18.52
Junc 15 48 15.00 71.48 23.48
Junc 16 48 35.32 71.44 23.44
Junc 17 47 22.50 71.38 24.38
Junc 18 45 37.50 71.44 26.44
Junc 19 41 45.00 70.79 29.79
Junc 20 41 75.00 70.41 29.41
Junc 21 42 60.00 70.38 28.38
Junc 22 45 60.00 70.37 25.37
Junc 23 45 45.00 70.38 25.38
Junc 24 46 18.75 70.43 24.43
Junc 25 48 56.25 70.38 22.38
Junc 26 48 82.50 70.37 22.37
Junc 27 48 75.00 70.36 22.36
Junc 28 46 78.75 70.35 24.35
Junc 29 46 75.00 70.34 24.34
Junc 30 46 105.00 70.34 24.34
EPANET 2.2 Page 1

Elevation Demand Head Pressure
Node ID m CMD m m
Junc 31 44 90.00 70.34 26.34
Junc 32 46 82.52 70.34 24.34
Junc 33 41 82.50 70.39 29.39
Junc 34 47 0.00 71.38 24.38
Junc 35 45 0.00 71.44 26.44
Tank W1 71.4 -1752.85 71.90 0.50
EPANET 2.2 Page 2

4.4.3 Water Tank Dimension Calculation
A cylindrical concrete water tank was designed for a minimum of 2-day water
demand storage.
Total water demand = 701129 L/day
Minimum Water Tank Volume = 701129 L/day x 2 days
Minimum Water Tank Volume = 1402258 L
Minimum Water Tank Volume = 1402.258 m3
Proposed Cylindrical Water Tank Size:
Diameter, d = 25m
Height, h = 3.5m
𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑 2 ℎ
Volume =
4
𝜋𝜋𝑥𝑥 252 𝑥𝑥 3.5

Volume =
4
Volume = 1718.058 m3 > 1402.258 m3 (Minimum water tank volume)
The proposed water tank size is sufficient. Extra height of water tank is proposed so
that it can store more water as we put into consideration the increase of water demand
in the future.
Figure 4.8 - The dimensions of water tank.
122
4.4.4 Height of the Elevated Water Tank
Water Demand, Q = 701129 L/day = 0.008115 m3/s
Type of pipe : HDPE
Ho = 0
H1 = 13.89m
C = 140
L = 15.33m
Z1 = 58m
Diameter pipe = 250mm = 0.25m
10.69 x L
∑ hL = x Q1.85
C1.85 x D4.87
10.69 x 15.33
∑ hL = x (0.008115)1.85
(140)1.85 x (0.25)4.87
∑ hL = 0.00203m
P0 v0 2 P1 v1 2 P0
+ + Z0 = + + Z1 + ∑ hL , whereby = H.
ρg 2g ρg 2g ρg
H0 + Z0 = H1 + Z1 + ∑ hL
Z0 = 13.89 + 58 + 0.00203
Z0 = BWL = 71.9m
TWL = BWL + workable storage height of water tank
TWL = 71.9 + 3.5
TWL = 75.4m
The water tank will be constructed on ground, no additional elevation is required.
123
Figure 4.9 - Elevation of water tank, Top Water Level (TWL) and Bottom Water Level
(BWL).
4.4.5 Site Dimensions for Service Reservoir (Circular Footprint)
Reservoir Capacity = 701129 L/day

Based on SPAN Table B.5, for reservoir capacity in between 680001 – 900000 L/day, the
minimum site dimension is 27m x 27m and is subjected to setback 6.0m (minimum) from
edge of structural foundation for a ground reservoir.
Rectangular Area provided for water tank construction = 2874 m2 > 27x27=729 m2
The site area provided is sufficient to construct the proposed water tank with diameter
of 25m.
124
Figure 4.10 - The site dimension for water tank in AutoCAD.
125
4.5 DISCUSSION
Based on our results from EPANET, our pressure head at all nodes satisfied the criteria between
7.5 m to 30 m. During the design phase, we were initially having a problem to have satisfactory
pressures at nodes that had a large differentiation in elevation than their connected nodes when
our tank elevation was 75 m . Since EPANET actually calculates the total head at each junction
first, then subtracts the elevation to give the pressure, which it then converts to the pressure units
required and for our model the initial point of known pressure is the initial level of water in the
tank, we realised we had to place our tank at a lower elevation. Subject to further consultation to
the earthwork department of Horizon Construct SDN BHD, we finally settled on a tank elevation
of 71.4 m.
For the unit headloss in pipes, all pipes met the criteria required that is lower than 2 m/km.
However, for the velocity of water in pipes, there exist a few pipes where the velocity of
water is smaller than 0.3 m/s. This is because due to the pipe network complexity, not all pipe
flow can fulfill minimum velocity. The rate at which a fluid (water) leaves the system is
determined by the orifice (tap, toilet, sprinkler, washing machine, etc.) that is opened. As long as
the pressure is adequate, the orifice will work as there will be atmospheric pressure and there
will be energy change. So, water flow outside the pipe will have a lower pressure head and
higher velocity than inside the head.
126
In our design, we used two Pressure Sustaining Valves (PSV) between node 17 and 34 and
between node 18 and 35 respectively. This is because at these two places, there was a high increase in
the slope as the elevation of lower nodes have a big difference from higher nodes. These can be seen in
Figure 4.11 and Figure 4.12.
Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
127
4.6 CONCLUSION
For our design we used a closed loop pipe system distribution system as shown in the
layout. This is because we wanted minimum disruptions to the water supply network even if part
of the pipeline is closed for maintenance.
We were able to calculate the demand at each node and based on the latter, we calculated our
tank diameter to be 25 m. We also took into consideration future water demand increase and peak
flow. We used a combination of pipe sizes from 110mm to 250mm.
Also 2 PSV valves were used.
All in all, we can say that all criterias have been respected by our design and sufficient
justification were provided for the low velocity values.
All our objectives were met and we were able to complete a safe design.
128
4.7 REFERENCES
SPIND MALAYSIA. (2022, April 12). SPIND HDPE Pipe. Spind Malaysia | Floor Trap
Manufacturer Malaysia. https://www.spind.com.my/spind-hdpe-pipe/
Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN). (2018). Uniform Technical Guidelines Water
Reticulation and Plumbing.
The Network Model — EPANET 2.2 documentation. (n.d.). EPANET.
https://epanet22.readthedocs.io/en/latest/3_network_model.html#:%7E:text=for%20N
ew%20Pipe-,Material,-Hazen%2DWilliams
129
COST AND
ESTIMATING
130
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In project management, cost estimating is the process of projecting the financial and other
resources required to accomplish a project within a stated scope. Cost estimation takes into
consideration all project elements, from supplies to labor, and generates a total sum that sets a
project's budget.
The goal of this project is to provide assistance with product production cost estimation
during the conceptual design phase. This article discusses the requirements for such a tool in
order to arrive at an accurate cost estimate. It is required to classify the cost models that could
be used to estimate the product cost before performing a manufacturing cost estimates. It
could be an equation or a logical rule, for example. This is a part of our professional
knowledge. The manufacturing expert rules make up the other half. This knowledge is
necessary for determining the cost-generating activities and variables.
It is critical for design professionals and construction managers to understand that, while
construction costs are the single greatest component of capital costs, other cost components
are not unimportant. Land acquisition expenses, for example, are a significant investment for
building construction in densely populated locations, and construction finance costs can
approach the same order of magnitude as construction costs in huge projects such as the
construction of nuclear power plants.
In this article, we consider the impact of various product specifications on the ultimate cost.
Few works have been created to address such a challenge for more comprehensive product
designs. The recommended process for developing an expert knowledge tool for cost
estimation is discussed after a literature review.
2.0 WORK OF SPECIFICATION
All required excavation should be included in the earthwork, including with removal, proper
use, and transportation of all excavated materials, disposal, and building, shaping, and
finishing. To aid comprehension, drawings and specifications are supplied. This work must
be completed in the manner and order stated in the permit.
131
Removal of trees
It is necessary to remove any visible and invisible trash that has collected over time from any
undeveloped land that will be used for construction, including any rocks, trees, plants,
existing buildings above and below ground. Heavy equipment, human resources, or proper
burning and disposal can all be used to execute this operation.
Stripping top soil

The topsoil stripping procedure involves scraping the topsoil to a depth of 100 mm below
ground level.
Cutting
The allowed designs and the levels, widths, and heights specified on them must be followed
when excavating. Topsoil and other excavated material that can be used to fill or refill holes
should be
Land Hauling
To guarantee compliance with specification criteria, material transportation from cuttings or
fill material imports to the embankment or other fill regions must occur only when sufficient
compaction gear is available at the deposition point.
Filling
It is necessary to fill low-level regions to the acceptable subgrade level. In order to maintain
control over the thickness of the fill layers, the Contractor must level the ground after
removing and grubbing. When a piece of a construction site is cut to the point of creation, the
leftover earth should be delivered straight to the construction site fill area.
Grading
Grading is the process of changing the surface of the land to better fit the purpose by
removing or adding earthy material. Bulldozers, pans, and dump trucks, as well as individuals
with rakes and shovels, are used to complete the task. Grading is a critical component of a
land development project's operation and success. The natural landforms of the site are used
with the planned program to produce an aesthetically pleasing environment.
132
Compaction
In order to create a uniform soil mass with better soil properties, compaction is the
mechanical process of raising soil density by compressing soil particles and reducing air
gaps. It produces a homogenous uniform soil mass with known qualities, allowing the
pavement designer to calculate subgrade strength with reasonable accuracy, resulting in a
safe and cost-effective design.
Slope stabilization
Slope stabilization refers to any procedure used to stabilize an unstable or inadequately stable
slope. The goal of slope stabilization technologies is to raise the Factor of Safety of a slope to
an acceptable level.
3.0 EARTHWORK DESIGN AND REQUIREMENT
According to the guidelines in the Geotechnical Investigation Report, the earthwork design
must be done. Earthwork design shall show:
1. Existing proposed contour

2. Stabilizing areas
3. Existing services
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
1. Slopes that are steeper than 35 degrees must be recognized, stabilized, and kept in good
condition.
2. Plants must be erected and maintained to cover all terrace slopes greater than 12 terracing,
including the type platforms, walls, and slopes. Hydroseeding might be used to achieve this.
3. Ponding or restricting the flow of natural storm water runoff is not authorized, unless
specifically agreed upon for short-term circumstances.
4. Existing services that are impacted by earthwork must be assessed for sufficiency and
updated or relocated as needed
133
EARTHWORK COMPLETION REQUIREMENT
A list of properties with specific notice registration requirements or foundation restrictions.

As built plans showing:
- Depth of fill contours

- Finished contour
- Subsoil drainage
4.0 EARTHWORK EQUIPMENT PLANNING
4.1 Excavator
Excavators are popular earthmoving vehicles that feature a bucket, arm, rotating cab and
movable tracks. These components provide superior digging power and mobility, allowing
this heavy equipment to perform a variety of functions, from digging trenches and breaking
holes to lifting away waste and excavating mines.
134
4.2 BACKHOES
A backhoe loader, also called a loader backhoe, loader excavator, digger in layman's terms,
or colloquially shortened to backhoe within the industry, is a heavy equipment vehicle that
consists of a tractor-like unit fitted with a loader-style shovel/bucket on the front and
a backhoe on the back.
4.3 BULLDOZER
135
A bulldozer or dozer (also called a crawler) is a large, motorized machine equipped with a
metal bladeto the front for pushing material: soil, sand, snow, rubble, or rock
during construction work.
4.4 DUMP TRUCK
A dump truck, known also as a dumping truck, dump trailer, dumper trailer, dump
lorry or dumper lorry or a dumper for short, is used for transporting materials (such
as dirt, gravel, or demolition waste) for construction as well as coal.
4.5 ROLLER
136
Rollers are a type of construction plant used for compacting materials such as soil, gravel,
sand, road surfaces and so on. The material can be compacted by vibration, impact loading,
kneading, and direct pressure.
4.6 MOTOR GRADER
A grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader, motor grader, or simply a blade, is a
form of heavy equipment with a long blade used to create a flat surface during grading
4.7 WHEEL LOADER
A wheel loader uses an arm to lift and lower its bucket, and a bell crank is used to open and
close its bucket. Wheel loaders can lift almost anything such as debris, gravel, soil, dirt,
137
pallets, etc. Since it uses wheels, it has better mobility on roads, and it does not give any
damage to asphalt or concrete.
4.8 CHAINSAW
A chainsaw (or chain saw) is a portable gasoline-, electric-, or battery-powered saw that cuts
with a set of teeth attached to a rotating chain driven along a guide bar. It is used in activities
such as tree felling, limbing, bucking, pruning, cutting firebreaks in wildland fire
suppression, and harvesting of firewood
5.0 COST OF CONSIDERATION
Due to limited resources, just a few elements are included in this earthwork cost estimation:
A) Labour
i. Skill level
ii. Local or Foreigner
iii. Hiring season (January/June)
B) Material
i. Transportation charges
ii. Discharge charges
C) Equipment
i. Production
ii. Fuel
138
iii. Hiring rate
iv. Operators
D) Profit 20%
6.0 PROPOSED LEVEL

The discrepancy between cut and fill must be less than 20% in order to meet the project.
The higher land has to be chopped, and the area that is lower than the suggested level needs to
be filled. Microsoft Excel is utilized to get more precise results when using the Grid technique,
which is used to calculate volume. This is quite difficult since the project cost is certainly more
than what was anticipated, yet the project still has to make a minimum of 20% profit.
7.0 COST ESTIMATION
7.0.1 OPTIMUM EFFICIENCY
7.0.2 SUMMARY
The original proposed level was adjusted to minimize the difference between cut and
fill within 15% thus achieving the ultimate goal of 30% cost reduction in terms of cost of
earthwork. Table 7.1 and 7.2 below show the bill of quantity of cost estimation before and after
cost reduction.
Table 7.1: Bill of Quantity Before Cost Reduction
139
Table l7.2: Bill of Quantity After Cost Reduction
Based on the estimation of cost, the cost reduction

percentage is:
● Cost Reduction
[(Total cost Before reduction – Total cost After Cost Reduction) / (Total cost Before reduction)] x 100%
" #$% &$".(")% *%* (*(.&

= " #$% &$".("
𝑋 100%
= 29.29 %
Thus, the objective of proposing a new reduced level was achieved as the cost reduction
reached 29.29%
In addition, the diagrams below show the breakdown and differences of earthwork cost
estimation before and after cost reduction for each site clearance activities.
Diagram 7.3: Breakdown of Earthwork Cost Estimation Before Cost Reduction
140
Diagram 7.4: Breakdown of Earthwork Cost Estimation After Cost Reduction
Diagram 7.5: Differences of Earthwork Cost Estimation in Each Activities
141
Diagram 7.5: Differences of Earthwork Cost Estimation in Each Activities
8.0 COST ESTIMATION BEFORE COST REDUCTION

8.1 Removal of Trees
● The summary of cost is as shown in the table below:
No. Equipment / Labour Unit Time (days) Total Cost (RM)

1 Bulldozer 12 15 196,920
2 Bulldozer operator 12 15 19,800
3 Labour 25 8 18,000
4 Chainsaw 25 8 16,000
5 Excavator 1 14 18116
6 Excavator operator 1 14 1,540
7 Dump truck 3 14 51,660
8 Dump truck operator 3 14 4,200
Total cost for 5570 trees 326,236
Total cost per tree 58.57
20% profit per tree 11.71
Final cost for 5571 trees 391,488.2
142
Equipment / Descriptions References
Labour
Bulldozer Tree counting is not possible. Thus, using Quick Method

Field manual
Step 1 Total Area in Acre (FM) No. 5- 434.
A = 450827.8 m² = 111.4 acres 15 June 2000
Step 2 Dozer Size = Large

Number of Dozer available, N = 12
Step 3 Max Tree Diameter

Oil Palm Tree = 70 cm = 27.5 inch thepalmscribe.id
Step 4 Time Required

time required, D = 8 hours per acre Table 2-1
Step 5 Efficiency Factor

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)
efficiency factor = 34 .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)
Expect 50 minutes of production time each hour for a well-managed

operation.
54
𝐸 = 34 = 0.83
Step 6 Operator Factor

Average operator, O = 0.75 Table 2-2
Step 7 Total Time (hours)

6 7 8
Total time = 9 7 : 7 ;
< 7 ===.?
Total time =4.<@ 7 4.A5 7 =B = 119.3 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 14.91 days = 15 days
Step 8. Total Cost
143
Brand: Komatsu
Model: D65E-12
https://www.sciel
Rental cost per bulldozer per day = RM 750 o.cl/scielo.php?pi
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15 / L d=S0718-
Average diesel consumption for a bulldozer = 20 L/hour 915X202100010
Total cost of diesel per bulldozer 0091&script=sci
= RM 2.15 x 20 x 8 = RM 344 / day _arttext
Total Cost for 12 Bulldozer

= RM (750 + 344) x 15 x 12 = RM 196,920
Bulldozer Number of Operator = 12

Operator
Details of labour:
Excavator Operator, Skilled, Local
Labour wage of excavator operator in common rate = RM 110.00 / Pocket Cost book
day 2020
Total Cost
= RM 110.00 X 12 X 15
= RM 19800
Labour Number of trees in site
Total area of site = 111.4 acre Site Visit (Google

Average number of trees in an area = 50 trees per acre Earth)
Total number of trees
= 111.4 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 𝑥 50 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
= 5570 trees
144
Including delays, total time needed to fell a tree per labour (output
efficiency) ≈ 5 minutes
Field manual
Assume the number of labour available = 25 (FM) No. 5- 434.
Time needed to fell all the trees 15 June 2000
55A4 7 5
= B5
= 1114 minutes
= 19 hours
Mature palm trees can grow to reach 20 meters

However, the length of the cargo truck is 8.4m. Thus, trees should be
cut smaller into averagely 20/8.4 = 3 sections
Thepalmscribe.id
Assuming a labour need 4 minutes to saw a section.

Each tree needs to cut to 3 smaller sections; thus a labour needs 12
minutes to saw a tree.
Number of trees need to be cut = 5570

Time required to cut all the tree into logs
55A4 7 =B
= B5
= 2673.6 minutes
= 44.6 hours
Total time needed for tree felling and cutting logs into sections
= 19 hours + 44.6 hours = 63.5 hours = 8 days
Details of labour:
General Construction Worker, Civil, Local
Labour wage of general construction in common rate = RM 90/day
Total labour wage rate

= RM 90 x 8 x 25
145
= RM 18,000 Pocket Cost book
2020
Chainsaw No of Chainsaw = No of Labour = 25
Details of chainsaw: https://www.rent
ECHO CS-360TES Chainsaw aru.my/2021/12/e
Assuming rental price for 1 chainsaw (including transport) cho-cs-360tes-
= RM 80/day chainsaw.html
Total number of days for cutting trees = 8 days
Total cost
= RM 80 x 8 x 25
= RM 16,000
Excavator Details of Hydraulic Excavator:

Brand: Komatsu Field manual
Model: PC400LC-7 (FM) No. 5- 434.
Bucket Capacities: 2.2 m³ 15 June 2000
Estimation area per logs based on diameter of the trunk

= π x (70/2)² = 3848 cm
Volume per log = 0.3848 m² x 5 m = 1.92 m³
Thus, it is estimated that each trip can only load 1 log
The bucket capacity of hydraulic excavator = 2.2 m³,

The cycle time including load, manoeuvre with four reversals of the
direction (minimum travel) and dump is estimated to be 15 seconds.
!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)

Efficiency factor = 34 .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)
Consider a well-managed job, expect 50 minutes of production time

per hour.
54
𝐸 = 34 = 0.83
146
Thus, output efficiency for an excavator
= initial time + delaying time due to efficiency factor
= 15 + (1-0.83)(15)
≈ 18 sec/log
Dimension of cargo dump truck = 21 m³

Total number of logs can be carried per cycle
= 21/1.92 ≈ 11 logs
Loading time required per dump truck per trip

= 15 logs x 18 sec = 270 sec = 4.5 minutes
Number of Logs = 5570 x 3 = 16,710 logs
The dump truck needs to travel 1519 trips to transport all the logs. https://www.sciel
Thus, Total time needed to complete the task o.cl/scielo.php?pi
= 4.5 minutes x 1519 d=S0718-
= 6835.5 minutes 915X202100010
= 113.9 hours 0091&script=sci
= 14 days _arttext
Rental cost per excavator per day = RM 950

(Excavators with operating weight 46720 kg)
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15/ L
Average diesel consumption for a excavator = 20 L/hour
Total cost of diesel per excavator = RM 2.15 x 20 x 8 = RM 344 / day
Total cost for 1 excavator

= RM (950+ 344) x 14 x 1
= RM 18,116
147
Pocket Costbook
2020
Excavator No of operator = 1
Operator Details of labour:
Plant-Machine Operator, Skilled, Local
Labour wage for excavator operator cost in common rate = RM 110/ Pocket Costbook
day 2020
Total cost
= RM 110 x 14 x 1
= RM 1,540
Dump Truck Details of dump truck:
Brand: XCMG https://www.glob
Model: NXG5470DT alsources.com/D
Operating Weight: 47,000 kg ump-
truck/Dump-
A dump truck able to carry 11 logs per trip Truck-
Number of trip required per dump truck = 16,710/11 = 1519 1174503735p.ht
m
Max travelling speed of dump truck = 50 km/hr
Considering construction site speed limit,
average travelling speed of dump truck = 20 km/hr
Max distance travelled by dump truck = 210 m
Average distance travelled by the truck = 105 m
Travel time per trip = 105/1000/20 = 0.005 hr = 0.3 minute
A truck cycle time includes the time a loaded truck take to travel to
the dump site, unload, return to the loading unit, and be reloaded.
Assuming time to unload = time required for loading = 1 minutes
Loading time per truck = 11 x 1 = 11 minutes
Truck cycle time = (2 x 0.3) + (2 x 11) = 22.6 minutes
148
Number of trucks required
= 1 + (truck cycle time / loader cycle time)
= 1 + (22.6/11)
≈3
Rental cost per dump truck per day = RM 800

Average diesel consumption for a dump truck = 25 L/hour CIDB Malaysia
Total cost of diesel per dump truck = RM 2.15 x 25 x 8 = RM 430 / 2019 Machinery
day Hire Rates and
Equipment
Purchase Price
Total cost (LIST A), Johor
= RM (800 + 430) x 3 x 14
= RM 51,660
Dump Truck Number of operators = 3
Operator
Details of labour:
Off Road Truck Operator, Skilled, Local
Pocket Costbook
Labour wage for dump truck operator cost common rate = RM 100 / 2020
day
Total cost for dump truck operators

= RM 100 x 3 x 14
= RM 4200
149
8.2 EXCAVATE TOP SOIL
The processes of the activity are described as below:
1. Bulldozer are used to strip the topsoil
2. Wheel loader are used to haul the soil into dump trucks
3. Dump trucks are used to transport soil to the stockpiles
The summary of cost is shown in the table below:
No. Equipment/Labour Unit Times Total Cost (RM)
(days)
1 Bulldozer 5 10.06 55,028.2
2 Bulldozer Operator 5 10.06 5533
3 Wheel Loader 4 8.403 40,176.45
4 Wheel Loader Operator 4 8.403 7,982.9
5 Dump Truck 15 8.403 193,762

6 Dump Truck Operator 15 8.403 15,753
Total cost for 67624.17 m³ 318,235.41
Total cost per m³ 4.7
20% profit 0.94
Final cost for 67624.17 m³ 3818,82.5

Labour
Bulldozer Area to be stripped = 450891.8 m² Field manual (FM)
Volume of soil to be stripped No. 5- 434. 15 June
= 450827.8 *0.15 2000
= 67624.17 m³
= 88449.1 BCY
The soil classification Silty Clay https://www.soilquali

Loam having bulk density of 1.1 – 1.6 g/cm³ ty.org.au/factsheets/b
Average bulk density =1.5g/cm³ = 1500 kg/m³ ulk-density-
=2528 pounds/BCY measurement
= 3160 pounds/LCY
150
Assuming the bulldozer used as below:
Brand: Komatsu https://www.komatsu
Model: D65E-12 .jp/en/worldwide/PD
Blade Capacity (Semi-U Tut): 5.61 m³ F/D65E_P-
Blade Width x Height: 3460 × 1425 mm 12_HESS143108.pdf
Step 1: Determine the Ideal maximum dozer

Production rate:
Based on the type of the dozer (D6 tractors).
Assuming average dozing distance = 200 ft = 60 m,
the estimated maximum production with universal blade is
260 LCY/hour
Step 2. Determine the different correction factors for

less than ideal conditions.
a) Grade Correction Factor
Assuming doom a 10 percent grade,
Grade correction factor = 1.15
b) Material-weight Correction Factor

Material weight correction factor = (2300 / 3160)
pounds/LCY
= 0.73
c) Material-Type Correction Factor

Since the soil type is sandy clay loam, it is assumed that
the soil is hard to drift thus having a factor = 0.8
d) Operator Correction Factor

Since the work will conduct during daylight hours, the
operator correction factor = 0.75
151
e) Operating technique Correction Factor
Since the bulldozer is using slot dozing, operating
technique correction factor = 1.2
f) Efficiency Factor
Estimating 50 minutes of production time per hour,
!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)
= 0.83
Step 3. Determine Total Correction Factor.

1.15 x 0.73 x 0.8 x 0.75 x 1.2 = 0.604
Step 4. Determine Bulldozer Net Production Rate.

Dozer net production rate
= (maximum production) x (total correction factor)
= 260 x 0.604
= 157 LCY/hour/dozer
Step 5. Convert the production rate from LCY per hour

to BCY per hour.
During the stripping process, the soil is in its natural state.
Thus, ICY should be convened into BYC,
1 cubic yard of clay (loose state) = 1/1.4 or 0.72 cubic yard of clay
(bank state)
production rate = 157 x 1.4 = 219.8 BCY/hour/dozer
Step 6. Determine the time required by a given

number of dozens to complete the mission
Assuming the number of dozer available is 5,
Total Times(hours)
= (Quantity of material to be moved) / (Hourly Production Rate per
Dozer * Number of Dozers)
= 88,449.1 / (219.8x 5)
= 80.5 hours
152
= 10.06 days
Step 7. Determine the cost

For the selected model bulldozer,
Rental cost per bulldozer per day = RM 750
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15/ L.
Average diesel consumption for a bulldozer = 20 L/hour
Total cost of diesel per bulldozer
= RM 2.15 x 20 x 8
= RM 344/day
Total cost for 5 bulldozers https://www.scielo.cl/

= RM (750 +344) x 10.06 x 5 scielo.php?pid=S071
= RM 44,968.2 8-
915X2021000100091
&script=sci_arttext
Bulldoze Number of Operator = 5
Operator
Details of labour:
Labour wage of excavator operator in common rate = RM 110.00 / Pocket Costbook

day 2020
Total Cost
= RM 110 x 5 x 10.06
= RM 5533
Wheel Volume of soil stripped = 88449.1 m³
Loader However, due to swelling factor for loam = 1.25,
Volume of soil to be loaded
= 88449.1 * 1.25
= 110,561m³
= 144614 LCY
153
Assume the available model of Wheeled Louder is:
Brand: Komatsu
Model: WA350
Bucket Capacities: 2.7 m3
Step 1. Determine the material type and the rated

heaped bucket capacity of the loader.
The material type is Silty Clay Learn (moist loam). Thus,
the wheel loader bucket fill factor = 1.05
Average bucket capacity = 3.3 m³ = 4,32 LCY
Average Cycle Times for Wheel Loaders = 0.50 to 0.55
mins
Taking the average. average cycle time = 0.525 mins including
load, manoeuvre with four reversals of direction (minimum
travel) and dump
Step 2. Determine the Maximum Production Rate (LCY

per hour)
Maximum production rate (LCY/hour)
= (bucket capacity x bucket fill factor * 60 mins) / loader
cycle time
= (4.32 x 1.05 x 60)/0.525
= 518.4 LCY per hour
Step 3. Determine the Efficiency Factor

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($) 54
Efficiency Factor = 34 .+,$#/0 '()*+,- 2($)
= 34 = 0.83
Step 4. Determine the Net Production Rate (LCY per

hour)
Net production rate (LCY/hour)
= 518.4 x 0.83
154
Step 5. Determine the time required to complete the
minion by a given number of wheel loader
Assuming the number of wheel louder available is 4
C$!,#+#D (E .!#/)+!% #( F/ .(G/H
Total time (hours) = I($)%D 1)(H$"#+(, )!#/ 7 ,$.F/) (E %(!H/)0
=??3=?
= ?@4.@ 7 ?
= 84.02 hours
= 10.502 day
CIDB
Step 6. Determine the cost Malaysia
For the selected model wheel loader, 2019
Rental cost per wheel loader per day = RM 750 Machinery
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15/ L Hire Rates
Average diesel consumption for a wheel loader = 12 and
L/hour Equipment
Total cost of diesel RM 2.15 x 12 x 8 = RM 206.4/day Purchase
Total emit for 5 wheel loader Price
= RM (750+206.4) x 10.502 x 4 (LIST A),
= RM 40,176.45 Johor
Wheel Number of operators = 4

Loader CIDB
Operator Taking assumption as cost for operators of wheel loader = Malaysia
cost for operators of excavator since both are categorized 2019 Labour
under Heavy Equipment Operators Wage Rates,
Johor
The details of labour ore as below:
Taking the labour wage for excavator operator cost during

July In Maximum rate = RM 190/day
155
Total cost for 4 loader operators
= RM 190 x 10.502 x 4
= RM 7,981.52
Brand: XCMG Field manual (FM)
Model: NXG5470DT No. 5- 434. 15 June
Operating Weight: 47000 kg 2000
Step 1. Determine the number of bucket loads required

to till a truck
Average wheel loader bucket capacity = 3.3 m³ = 4,32 LCY
Dump truck capacity – 47000 kg = 103617.26 pounds
For loam, wet, unit weight of loam to be transported =
3000 pounds per LCY
Therefore, haul-unity capacity = 103617.26/3000 = 35 LCY
Bucket loads
= (haul-unity capacity)/bucket capacity
= 35/4.32
= 8.1 bucket loads
= Maximum 8 bucket loads
Step 2. Determine the loading time per haul unit

Loading time per haul unit
= bucket cycle time x number of bucket load
= 0.525 * 8
= 4.2 minutes
Step 3. Determine the number of hauling units needed to support

the loading unit CIDB Malaysia 2019
Max travelling speed of dump truck = 50 km/hr Machinery Hire Rates
Considering construction site speed limit, avenge travelling and Equipment
speed of dump truck = 20 km/hr Purchase Price (LIST
Max distance travelled by the truck = 220 m A), Johor
156
Average distance travelled by the tuck = 110 m
Travel time per trip
= 110/1000/20 = 2.2 minute
A truck cycle time includes the time a loaded truck takes to

travel to the dump site, unload, return to the loading unit,
and be reloaded
Assuming time required to unload = time required for
loading = 3.5 minutes
Truck cycle time
= 2.2+2.2+3.5+3.5
= 11.4 minutes

=1+ (truck cycle time/ loader cycle time)
= 1 + (11.4/3.5)
=3
Since the number of wheel loader available is 5, to

maintain the output efficiency, the number of dump trucks
= 3x5 = 15
Rental cost per dump truck = RM 800/day

Cost diesel = RM 2.15/L
Average diesel consumption per dump truck = 25 L/hr
Total cost of diesel = RM 2.15 x 25 x 8 = RM 430/day
Total cost
= RM (800+ 430) x 10.502 x 15
= RM 193,762
Operator
Details of labour:
157
Pocket Costbook
day

= RM 100 x 10.502 x 15
= RM 15,753
8.3 CUT TO PROPOSED LEVEL

In this activity, a hydraulic excavator is used to cut the soil into proposed reduced levels.
The summary of cost is as shown in table below:
No. Equipment/Labour Unit Time (days) Total cost
(RM)
1 Excavator 5 80 517,600
Total cost for 1,125,286.62 m³ 561600
20% cost profit per m³ 0.1
Final cost for 1,125,286.62 m³ 673920
Calculation and assumptions of the costing are as shown in the table below:
Labour
Excavator Cut volume Field manual
= 1,125,286.62m³ (FM) No. 5-
= 1,471,819.3 BCY 434. 15 June
2000
Assuming the hydraulic excavators used are as below:
Brand: Komatsu
Model: PC400LC-7
Bucket Capacity: 2.1 yd³
158
Step 1. Determine the bucket fill factor based on the Table 8-1 FM
material type No. 5-434. 15
Since the soil type is silty clay loam, June 2000
The average fill factor is 105%.
Step 2. Use a hoe cycle time based on past performance

data
Assuming the depth of cut between 40 and 40 percent of the
machines rated maximum digging depth and swing angle
between 30˚to 60˚.
Average cycle time for bucket sizes from for > 2.1 cubic yards
= 15 seconds
Step 3. Determine the ideal production rate (LCY per

hour)
Average bucket capacity of the selected model excavator
= 2.1 yd³
Ideal production rate
= (3600 seconds per hour/ backhoe cycle time) x bucket size x
fill factor
= (3600/15) x 2.1 x 105/100
= 529.2 LCY/hour/excavator
Step 4. Determine the efficiency factor for the work

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)
Step 5. Determine the net production rate (LCY per hour)

Net production rate
= 529.2 LCY/hour x 0.83
Step 6. Convert the production rate from LCY per hour to
159
BCY per hour
During the cutting process, the soil is in its natural state.
Thus, LCY should be converted into BCY
Soil conversion factor for loam (loose to bank) = 0.8
Net production rate
= 439.24 x 0.8
= 351.4 BCY/hour/excavator
Step 7. Determine the time required by a given number of

excavators to complete the mission
Assuming the number of excavation available is 5,
Total time (hours)
= quantity of material to be moved/ (hourly production rate x
number of excavators)
= 1,125,286.62/ (351.4x 5)
= 640.5 hours
= 80 days
CIDB Malaysia
Step 8. Determine the cost 2019
For the selected model excavator, Machinery Hire
Rental cost per excavator per day = RM 950 Rates and
Cost diesel = RM 2.15/L Equipment
Average diesel consumption for a excavator = 20 L/hour Purchase Price
Total cost of diesel per excavator = RM 2.15 x 20 x 8 (LIST A), Johor
= RM 344/day
Total cost for 5 excavators

= RM (950 + 344) x 80 x 5
= RM 517,600
Excavator Number of Operator = 5
Operator
Details of labour:
160
Labour wage of excavator operator in common rate = RM 110 / day Pocket

Costbook 2020
Total Cost
= RM 110 X 5 X 80
= RM 44,000
8.4 TRANSPORT FROM CUT TO FILL

In this activity, wheel loaders are used to load the soils into dump trucks. Then, dump trucks
are used to transport the excavated soil to fill areas.
No. Equipment/Labour Unit Time (days) Total cost

(RM)
1 Wheel loader 4 93.8 358,841.3
2 Wheel loader operator 4 93.8 71,288
3 Dump truck 16 93.8 1,716,915.2
4 Dump truck operator 16 93.8 150,080
Total cost for 813,937.86 m³ 2,297,124.5

20% profit per m³ 0.6
Final cost for 813,937.86 m³ 2,756,549.4
Labour
Wheel Loader Volume of soil to be filled
= 813,937.86 m³
= 1,064,590.5 BCY
Volume of soil to be transported to fill areas

= 1,064,590.5 x 1.25
161
= 1,330,738.16 LCY

Brand: Komatsu
Model: WA350
Bucket Capacities: 2.7 m³
Step 1. Determine the material type and the rated heaped bucket
capacity of the loader
The material type is Sandy Clay Loam (moist loam).
Thus, the wheel loader bucket fill factor = 1.05
Average Cycle Timer for Wheel Loader = 0.50 to 0.55
minutes
Taking average, average cycle time =0.525 minutes
Including load, manoeuvre with four reversals of direction
(Minimum travel) and dump
Step 2. Determine the maximum production rate (LCY
per hour)
= (bucket capacity x bucket fill factor x 60 mins)/ loader
cycle time
= (4.45 x 1.05 x 60)/ 0.525
= 534 LCY per hour
Step 3. Determine the efficiency factor

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($) 54
=34 = 0.83

= 534 x 0.83
= 443.22 LCY/hour
162
mission by a given number of wheel loader
The number of wheel loader available is 4,
Total time (hours)
number of wheel loaders)
= 1,330,738.16 / (443.2 x 4)
= 750.64 hours
= 93.8 days

CIDB
For the selected model wheel loader,
Malaysia
Rental cost per wheel loader per day = RM 750
2019
Machinery
Average diesel consumption for a wheel loader = 12 L/hour
Hire Rates
Total cost of diesel = RM 2.15 x 12 x 8 = RM 206.4/day
and
Equipment
Total cost for 4 wheel loaders
Purchase
= RM (750 + 206.4) x 93.8 x 4
Price
= RM 358841.3
(LIST A),
Johor
Wheel Loader Number of operators = 4
Operator CIDB
Taking assumption as cost for operators of wheel loader = Malaysia
Johor
Wheel loader operator, Skilled, Local
163
Total cost for 4 wheel loader operators

= RM 190 x 93.8 x 4
= RM 71,288
Brand: XCMG Field manual
Model: NXG5470DT (FM) No. 5-
Operating Weight: 47000 kg 434. 15 June
2000
to till a truck
3000 pounds per LCY
Therefore, haul-unity capacity = 103617.3/3000 = 34.5 LCY
Bucket loads
= 34.5/4.45
= 7.75 bucket loads

= 0.525 * 8
= 4.2 minutes

the loading unit
Max travelling speed of dump truck = 50 km/hr CIDB Malaysia
Considering construction site speed limit, avenge travelling 2019
164
speed of dump truck = 20 km/hr Machinery Hire
Max distance travelled by the truck = 720 m Rates and
Average distance travelled by the tuck = 360 m Equipment
Purchase Price
Travel time per trip (LIST A), Johor
= 360/1000/20 =1.08 minute

and be reloaded

Truck cycle time
= 1.08+1.08+3.5+3.5
= 9.16 minutes
= 1 + (9.16/3.5)
=4

= 4 x 4 = 16
Rental cost per dump truck = RM 800.00/day

Cost diesel = RM 2.15 /L
Total cost
= RM (800 + 344) x 93.8 x 16
= RM 1,716,915.2
165
Operator
Details of labour:
Pocket
Labour wage for dump truck operator cost common rate = RM 100 / Costbook 2020
day
= RM 100 x 93.8 x 16
= RM 150,080
8.5 FILL TO PROPOSED LEVEL

In this activity, a hydraulic excavator is used to fill the soil into proposed reduced levels.
No. Equipment / Labour Unit Time (days) Total cost (RM)
1 Bulldozer 10 95.7 1,256,349.6
2 Bulldozer Operator 10 95.7 126,324
Total cost for 813937.86 m³ 1,382,673.6
20% profit 0.28
Final cost for 813937.86 m³ 1,382,673.6
Labour
Bulldozer Fill volume Field manual
= 813937.86 m³ (FM) No. 5-
= 1,064,590.5 BCY 434. 15 June
2000
= 1,064,590.5 x 1.25
= 1,330,738.1 LCY
Assuming the bulldozer used as below: -

Brand: Komatsu
Model: D65E-12
166
Blade Capacity (Semi-U Tut): 5.61 m³
Blade Width x Height: 3460 × 1425 mm

Production rate:
300 LCY/hour


pounds/LCY
= 0.73



167
!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)

1.15 x 0.73 x 0.8 x 0.75 x 1.2 = 0.6

= 300 x 0.6

to BCY per hour.
Soil conversion factor for loam (loose to bank) = 0.8 Net

Total Times(hours)
= 1,330,738/ (144.8 x 12)
CIDB Malaysia
= 765.84 hours
2019
= 95.7 days
Machinery Hire
Rates and
Equipment
168
Rental cost per bulldozer per day = RM 750 Purchase Price
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15/ L. (LIST A), Johor
= RM 2.15 x 20 x 8
= RM 344/day
Total cost for 10 bulldozers

= RM (750 +344) x 95.7 x 12
= RM 1,256,349.6
Operator
Details of labour: Pocket Cost
Excavator Operator, Skilled, Local book 2020
Labour wage of excavator operator in common rate = RM 110.00 /

day
Total Cost
= RM 110 x 12 x 95.7
= RM 126,324
8.6 COMPACTION
In this activity, vibratory soil compactors are used to compact the soil in site.
No. Equipment/ Labour Unit Time (days) Total Cost

(RM)
1. Compactor 9 14.4 105,961
2. Compactor Operator 9 14.4 19,440
Total Cost for 813937.86 m³ 125,401
Total Cost per m³ 6.5
20% profit / m³ 1.3
169
Final cost for 1084737.58 m³ 150481.2
Labour
Compactor Assuming the vibratory compactor used are as below: Field manual
Brand: Caterpillar (FM) No. 5-
Model: C S533E 434. 15 June
Compaction width: 2134.00mm 2000
Step 1. Determine the Ideal maximum compactor

production rate.
Production (CCY per hour) = (16.3*W*S*L*E) / N
were,
16.3 = constant for converting the factors in feet, mph, and
inches to CCY
W = compacted width per pass, in feet
S = compactor speed, in mph
L = compacted lift thickness, in inches
E = efficiency factor
N = number of paws required
Based on the compactor chosen,

W = 2134.00 mm = 70 ft
The soil is Silty Clay Loam (CL).
Therefore,
L = 6 inch
S = 1 mph
N = required 10.
Expecting 50 minutes of production per hour,
!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)
= 0.83
Therefore, compactor production (CCY per hour)
170
= (16.3*70*1*6*0.83) / 10
= 568 CCY per hour

mission by a given number of compactors
Fill Volume
= 813937.86 m³
= 1,064,590.5 BCY
= 1,064,590.5 x 1.25
= 1,330,738.1 LCY
Assuming 9 vibratory soil compactors are available,

Number of compactors = amount of fill delivered (LCY per
hour) x soil conversion factor / compactor production
(CCY per hour)
CIDB Malaysia
Amount of fill delivered (LCY per hour)
2019
= 9*568 / 0.72
Machinery Hire
= 7100 LCY per hour
Rates and
Equipment
Time required to complete mission by 9 compactors
Purchase Price
= 813937.86 / 9466.67
(LIST A), Johor
= 115 hours
= 14.4 days

For the selected model of compactor,
Rental cost per compactor per day = RM680
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15 / L
Average diesel consumption for compactor = 8 L/hour
Total cost of diesel per compactor = RM 2.15 x 8 x 8 = RM
137.60 /day
Total cost for 5 compactors
= RM (680 + 137.6) x 14.4 x 9
171
= RM 105,961
Compactor Number of Operator = 9
Operator
Details of labour: Pocket Cost
Compactor Operator, Skilled, Local book 2020
Labour wage of excavator operator in common rate = RM 150 / day
Total Cost
= RM 150 x 9 x 14.4
= RM 19,440
172
8.7 DISPOSAL OF EXCESSIVE CUT
In this activity, wheel loaders and dump trucks are used to transport the excessive cut soil. It
is assumed that the soil will be sold to other contractors for other earthwork activities. Thus,
the distance of travel by truck is only considered till the boundary of the site.
No. Equipment/Labour Unit Time (days) Total cost (RM)

1 Wheel loader 4 7.4 28,309.44
3 Dump truck 16 7.4 136,181.8
Total cost for 311348.76 m³ 181,955.24
20% profit / m³ 0.36
Final cost for 311348.76 m³ 206,456.4
Equipment / Labour Descriptions References
Wheel Loader Volume of cut = 1125286.62 m³
Volume of fill = 813937.86 m³
Volume of soil to be disposed
= 1125286.62 – 813937.86
= 311348.76 m³
= 407228.8 BCY
= 101807.2 LCY

Brand: Komatsu
Model: WA350
Step 1. Determine the material type and the rated heaped

bucket capacity of the loader
173
minutes

per hour)
cycle time
?.@B 7 =.45 7 34
= 4.5B5

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($) 54
= 34 = 0.83

=518.4 x 0.83
=430.27 LCY/hour

Total time (hours)
= 101807.2 / (430.27 x 4)
= 59.15 hours
= 7.4 days
174
For the selected model wheel loader,
CIDB
Rental cost per wheel loader per day = RM 750
Malaysia
2019
Average diesel consumption for a wheel loader = 12 L/hour
Machinery
Total cost of diesel = RM 2.15 x 12 x 8 = RM 206.4/day
Hire Rates
and
Total cost for 4 wheel loaders
Equipment
= RM (750 + 206.4) x 7.4 x 4
Purchase
= RM 28,309.44
Price
(LIST A),
Johor
Operator CIDB
Johor

Total cost for 3-wheel loader operators

= RM 190 x 7.4 x 4
= RM 5,624
2000
175
to till a truck
Average wheel loader bucket capacity = 3.4 m³ = 4.45 LCY
3000 pounds per LCY
Bucket loads
= 34.5/4.45
= 7.8 bucket loads

= 0.525 * 10
= 5.25 minutes
Step 3. Determine the number of hauling units needed to

support the loading unit CIDB
Max travelling speed of dump truck = 50 km/hr Malaysia 2019
Considering construction site speed limit, avenge travelling Machinery
speed of dump truck = 20 km/hr Hire Rates and
Max distance travelled by the truck = 720 m Equipment
Average distance travelled by the tuck = 360 m Purchase Price
(LIST A),
Travel time per trip Johor
= 360/1000/20 =1.08 minute

and be reloaded
176
Truck cycle time
= 1.08+1.08+3.5+3.5
= 9.16 minutes

= 1 + (9.16/3.5)
=4

= 4 x 4 = 16
Rental cost per dump truck = RM 800.00/day

Total cost
= RM (800 + 344) x 7.4 x 16
= RM 136,181.8
Dump Truck Operator Number of operators = 16
Details of labour:
Pocket
Labour wage for dump truck operator cost common rate = RM 100 Costbook 2020
/ day

= RM 100 x 7.4 x 16
= RM 11,840
177
8.8 GRADING
In this activity, graders are used to finishing grading (finishing) involves smoothing
slopes, shaping ditches, and bringing the earthwork to the elevation required by the
plans and specifications.
The summary of cost is as shown below:

1 Grader 5 2 9,080
2 Grader Operator 5 2 1,500
Total cost for 450827.8 m² 10,580
Total cost per m² 0.023
20% profit 0.0046
Final cost for 450827.8 m² 12696
Equipment/ Descriptions References

Labour
(1) Assume the grader used are as below: Field manual (FM)
Grader Brand: Komatsu No. 5-
Model: GD705-5 434. 15 June 2000
Grading width: 2366 mm: 0.2366 m
Determine the production rate.

Total time = (P x D) / (S x E)
Where:
P = number of passes required
D = distance travelled in each pass
S = speed of grader
Assume number of passes, P = 5
Distance of site, D = 720 m = 0.72
178
For finishing, the gear range for the grader to operate is
third to fourth. For the selected model, (in km/h)
Speed for second gear: 5.6
Speed for third gear: 7.7
Speed for fourth gear: 10.9
Average speed, S = 8
Expecting 50 minutes of production time per hour,
Efficiency Factor = !"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)

34 5+,$#/0 1/) 6($)
74
= = 8.3
34
Grading area per round
= 720 m x 0.2366 m
= 170 m²
Therefore,
Output efficiency where Total Time per Grading Width
= (P x D) / (S x E)
= 33 min per 170 m²
Area of the site : 450827.8 m²

Total travel time
= 450827.8 / 170 x 30 min
= 88.39 hours / 5 grader
= 2 days
Determine the cost

For the selected model of grader,
Rental cost per grader per day = RM 650
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15 / L.
Average diesel consumption for a grader = 15 L/hour
Total cost of diesel per grader = RM 2.15 x 15 x 8
= RM 258 /day
179
Total cost for 5 graders
= RM (650 + 258) x 2 x 5
= RM 9,080
Number of operators = 5
(2)
Grader Operator
The details of labour are as below: Motor Grader Operator,
Skilled, Local
Taking the labour wage of operator during July in common Pocket cost book 2020
rate = RM 150 / day
Total cost for 4 grader operators

= RM 150 x 2 x 5
= RM 1,500
180
9.0 COST ESTIMATION AFTER COST REDUCTION
9.1 SITE CLEARING
The summary of cost is as shown in the table below:
No. Equipment / Labour Unit Time (days) Total Cost (RM)

1 Bulldozer 10 18 142,920
2 Bulldozer operator 10 18 14,400
3 Labour 22 9 15,840
4 Chainsaw 22 9 14,850
5 Excavator 1 14 14,616
7 Dump truck 3 14 42,420
Total cost for 5570 trees 253,666
Total cost per tree 45.5
20% profit per tree 9.6
Final cost for 5570 trees 304,399.2

Labour
Bulldozer Tree counting is not possible. Thus, using Quick Method

Field manual (FM)
Step 1 Total Area in Acre No. 5- 434. 15 June
A = 450827.8 m² = 111.4 acres 2000
Step 2 Dozer Size = Large thepalmscribe.id

Number of Dozer available, N = 10
Step 3 Max Tree Diameter Table 2-1

Oil Palm Tree = 70 cm = 27.5 inch
Step 4 Time Required
181
time required, D = 8 hours per acre
Step 5 Efficiency Factor

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)
efficiency factor = 34 .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)
Expect 50 minutes of production time each hour for a well-managed

operation.
54
Table 2-2
𝐸 = 34 = 0.83
Step 6 Operator Factor

Average operator, O = 0.75
Step 7 Total Time (hours)

6 7 8
Total time = 9 7 : 7 ;
< 7 ===.?B
Total time =4.<@ 7 4.A5 7 =4 = 143.2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 = 17.9 days = 18 days
CIDB Malaysia
Step 8. Total Cost
2019 Machinery
Brand: Komatsu
Hire Rates and
Model: D65E-12
Equipment
Purchase Price
(LIST A), Johor
= RM 2.15 x 20 x 8 = RM 344 / day
Total Cost for 10 Bulldozer

= RM (450 + 344) x 18 x 10 = RM 142,920
182
Bulldoze Operator Number of Operator = 10
Details of labour:
Excavator Operator, Semi- Skilled, Local
Labour wage of excavator operator in common rate = RM 80.00 / day Pocket Cost book
2020
Total Cost
= RM 80.00 X 18 X 10
= RM 14,400
Labour Number of trees in site
Total area of site = 111.4 acre Site Visit (Google

Average number of trees in an area = 50 trees per acre Earth)
Total number of trees
= 111.4 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 𝑥 50 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠
= 5570 trees
Including delays, total time needed to fell a tree per labour (output
efficiency) ≈ 5 minutes
Field manual (FM)
Assume the number of labour available = 22 No. 5- 434. 15 June
Time needed to fell all the trees 2000
55A4 7 5
= BB
= 1266 minutes
= 30.95 hours
= 21.1 hours
Mature palm trees can grow to reach 20 meters
Thepalmscribe.id
However, the length of the cargo truck is 8.4 m. Thus, trees should be
cut smaller into averagely 20/8.4 = 3 sections
Assuming a labour need 4 minutes to saw a section.

Each tree needs to cut to 3 smaller sections; thus, a labour needs 12
minutes to saw a tree.
183
Number of trees need to be cut = 5570
Time required to cut all the tree into logs
55A= 7 =B
=
BB
= 3038.7 minutes
= 50.64 hours
Total time needed for tree felling and cutting logs into sections
= 21.1 hours + 50.64 hours = 71.74 hours = 9 days
Details of labour:
General Construction Worker, Semi-Skilled, Local
Labour wage of general construction in common rate = RM 80/day
Total labour wage rate

Pocket cost book
= RM 80 x 9 x 22
2020
= RM 15,840
Chainsaw No of Chainsaw = No of Labour = 22

Details of chainsaw: CRAFTSMAN 16 -
ECHO CS-360TES Chainsaw in 42CC Chainsaw |
Lowe's Canada
Assuming rental price for 1 chainsaw (including transport) (lowes.ca)
= RM 75 /day
Total number of days for cutting trees = 9 Days
Total cost
= RM 75 x 22 x 9
= RM 14,850
Excavator Details of Hydraulic Excavator: Field manual (FM)

Brand: Komatsu No. 5- 434. 15 June
Model: PC400LC-7 2000
184
Estimation area per logs based on diameter of the trunk
= π x (70/2) ² = 3848 cm
Volume per log = 0.3848 m² x 5 m = 1.92 m³
Thus, it is estimated that each trip can only load 1 log
The bucket capacity of hydraulic excavator = 2.2 m³,

The cycle time including load, manuver with four reversals of the
direction (minimum travel) and dump is estimated to be 15 seconds.
!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)

Consider a well-managed job, expect 50 minutes of production time

per hour.
54
𝐸 = 34 = 0.83
Thus, output efficiency for an excavator

= initial time + delaying time due to efficiency factor
= 15 + (1-0.83) (15)
≈ 18 sec/log
https://www.lectura-
Dimension of cargo dump truck = 21 m³ specs.com/en/model/construct
Total number of logs can be carried per cycle ion-machinery/rigid-dump-

trucks-euclid-hitachi/eh-600-
= 21/1.92 ≈ 11 logs 1007763
Loading time required per dump truck per trip

= 15 logs x 18 sec = 270 sec = 4.5 minutes
Number of Logs = 5570 x 3 = 16,710 logs
The dump truck needs to travel 1519 trips to transport all the logs.
Thus, Total time needed to complete the task
= 4.5 minutes x 1519
= 6835.5 minutes
= 113.9 hours
185
= 14 days
Rental cost per excavator per day = RM 700 Pocket cost book
(Excavators with operating weight 46720 kg) 2020
Average diesel consumption for a excavator = 20 L/hour
Total cost of diesel per excavator = RM 2.15 x 20 x 8 = RM 344 / day
Total cost for 1 excavator

= RM (700 + 344) x 14 x 1
= RM 14,616
Excavator No of operator = 1
Plant-Machine Operator, Semi - Skilled, Local
Labour wage for excavator operator cost in common rate = RM 80/ Pocket cost book
day 2020
Total cost
= RM 80 x 14 x 1
= RM 1,120
Brand: XCMG Field manual (FM)
Operating Weight: 47,000 kg 2000
A dump truck able to carry 11 logs per trip

Number of trip required per dump truck = 16,710 /11 = 1519
Max travelling speed of dump truck = 50 km/hr

Considering construction site speed limit,
average travelling speed of dump truck = 20 km/hr
Max distance travelled by dump truck = 210 m
Average distance travelled by the truck = 105 m
186
Travel time per trip = 105/1000/20 = 0.005 hr = 0.3 minute
A truck cycle time includes the time a loaded truck take to travel to
the dump site, unload, return to the loading unit, and be reloaded.
Assuming time to unload = time required for loading = 1 minutes
Loading time per truck = 11 x 1 = 11 minutes
Truck cycle time = (2 x 0.3) + (2 x 11) = 22.6 minutes

= 1 + (truck cycle time / loader cycle time)
= 1 + (22.6/11)
≈3
CIDB Malaysia
Rental cost per dump truck per day = RM 580 2019 Machinery
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15/ L Hire Rates and
Average diesel consumption for a dump truck = 25 L/hour Equipment
Total cost of diesel per dump truck = RM 2.15 x 25 x 8 = RM 430 / Purchase Price
day (LIST A), Johor
Total cost
= RM (580 + 430) x 3 x 14
= RM 42,420
Operator
Details of labour:
Off Road Truck Operator, Semi- Skilled, Local
Pocket Costbook
day

= RM 75 x 3 x 14
= RM 3,150
187
9.2 EXCAVATE TOPSOIL
The processes of the activity are described as below:
1.Bulldozer are used to strip the topsoil
2.Wheel loader are used to haul the soil into dump trucks
3.Dump trucks are used to transport soil to the stockpiles
The summary of cost is shown in the table below:

No. Equipment/Labour Unit Times Total Cost (RM)
(days)
1 Bulldozer 4 13 41,288
2 Bulldozer Operator 4 13 4,160
3 Wheel Loader 3 14 31,768.8
4 Wheel Loader Operator 3 14 5,040
5 Dump Truck 9 14 169,680

6 Dump Truck Operator 9 14 12,600
Total cost for 67624.17 m ³ 264536.8
Final cost for 67624.17 m³ 317444.16
Table 9.2
Equipment Descriptions References

/ Labour
Bulldozer Area to be stripped = 450891.8 m² Field manual (FM)
Volume of soil to be stripped No. 5- 434. 15 June
= 450827.8 *0.15 2000
= 67624.17 m³
= 88449.1 BCY
The soil classification Silty Clay https://www.soilqu

Loam having bulk density of 1.1 – 1.6 g/cm³ ality.org.au/factsh
Average bulk density =1.5g/cm³ = 1500 kg/m³ eets/bulk-density-
=2528 pounds/BCY measurement
188
=3160 pounds/LCY
Assuming the bulldozer used as as below: -

Brand: Komatsu
Model: D65E-12

Production rate:
Assuming average dozing distance = 200 ft =60 m,
260 LCY/hour


pounds/LCY
= 1.10


189
!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)

1.15 x 1.10 x 0.8 x 0.75 x 1.2 = 0.604

= 260 x 0.604

to BCY per hour.

Total Times(hours)
= 88,449.1/ (219.8 x4)
= 100.6 hours
= 13 days
190
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15/ L.
= RM 2.15 x 20 x 8
= RM 344/day CIDB Malaysia
2019 Machinery
Total cost for 4 bulldozers Hire Rates and
= RM (450 +344) x 13 x 4 Equipment
= RM 41,288 Purchase Price
(LIST A), Johor
Operator
Details of labour:
Excavator Operator, Semi- Skilled, Local
Labour wage of excavator operator in common rate = RM 80.00 / day Pocket Costbook
2020
Total Cost
= RM 80 x 4 x 13
= RM 4,160
Wheel Volume of soil stripped = 88449.1 m³

Loader However, due to swelling factor for loam = 0.25,
Volume of soil to be loaded
= 88449.1 * 1.25
= 110,561m³
= 144614 LCY
Assume the available model of Wheeled Loader is:

Brand: Komatsu
Model: WA350
191
Bucket Capacities: 2.7 m3
Step 1. Determine the material type and the rated

heaped bucket capacity of the loader.
The material type is Silty Clay Learn (moist loam). Thus,
the wheel loader bucket fill factor = 1.05
Average Cycle Times for Wheel Loaders = 0.50 to 0.55
mins
Taking the average. average cycle time = 0.525 mins including
load, manoeuvre with four reversals of direction (minimum
travel) and dump
Step 2. Determine the Maximum Production Rate (LCY

per hour)
= (bucket capacity x bucket fill factor * 60 mins) / loader
cycle time
= (4.32 x 1.05 x 60)/0.525
Step 3. Determine the Efficiency Factor

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($) 54
Efficiency Factor = 34 .+,$#/0 '()*+,- 2($)
= 34 = 0.83
Step 4. Determine the Net Production Rate (LCY per

hour)
= 518.4 x 0.83

minion by a given number of wheel loader
Assuming the number of wheel louder available is 3
192
C$!,#+#D (E .!#/)+!% #( F/ .(G/H
Total time (hours) = I($)%D 1)(H$"#+(, )!#/ 7 ,$.F/) (E %(!H/)0
=??3=?
= ?@4.@ 7 @ = 112 hours = 14 days
Step 6. Determine the cost CIDB

For the selected model wheel loader, Malaysia
Rental cost per wheel loader per day = RM 550 2019
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15/ L Machinery
Average diesel consumption for a wheel loader = 12 Hire Rates
L/hour and
Total cost of diesel RM 2.15 x 12 x 8 = RM 206.4/day Equipment
Total emit for 3 wheel loader Purchase
= RM (550+206.4) x 14 x 3 Price
= RM 31,768.8 (LIST A),
Johor
Loader CIDB
Johor
Excavator Operator, Semi - Skilled, Local

July In Maximum rate = RM 120 /day
Total cost for 3 -wheel loader operators

= RM 120 x 14 x 3
= RM 5,040
Dump Details of dump truck:
Truck Brand: XCMG Field manual (FM)
Operating Weight: 47000 kg 2000
193
to till a truck
3000 pounds per LCY
Therefore, haul-unity capacity = 103617.26/3000 = 35 LCY
Bucket loads
= 35/4.32
= 8.1 bucket loads

= 0.525 * 8
= 4.2 minutes

the loading unit CIDB Malaysia
Max travelling speed of dump truck = 50km/hr 2019 Machinery
Considering construction site speed limit, avenge travelling Hire Rates and
speed of dump truck = 20 km/hr Equipment
Max distance travelled by the truck = 220 m Purchase Price
Average distance travelled by the tuck = 110 m (LIST A), Johor
Travel time per trip
= 110/1000/20 = 2.2 minute

and be reloaded
194
Truck cycle time
= 2.2+2.2+3.5+3.5
= 11.4 minutes

= 1 + (7.6/3.5)
=3

= 3 x 4 = 12
Rental cost per dump truck = RM 580 /day

Total cost
= RM (580 + 430) x 14 x 12
= RM 169,680
Dump Number of operators = 12
Truck
Pocket Costbook
day
= RM 75 x 14 x 12
= RM 12,600
9.3 CUT TO PROPOSED LEVEL
195
In this activity, a hydraulic excavator is used to cut the soil into proposed reduced levels.
1 Excavator 5 80 437,600
Total cost for 1,125,286.62m m³ 473,600
20% cost profit per m³ 0.084
Final cost for 1,125,286.62m m³ 492,544
Table 9.3
/ Labour
Excavator Cut volume Field manual
= 1,125,286.62m³ (FM) No. 5-
= 1,471,819.3 BCY 434. 15 June
2000
Assuming the hydraulic excavators used are as below:
Brand: Komatsu
Model: PC400LC-7
Bucket Capacity: 2.1 yd³
Step 1. Determine the bucket fill factor based on the Table 8-1 FM
material type No. 5-434. 15
Since the soil type is silty clay loam, June 2000
The average fill factor is 105%.
Step 2. Use a hoe cycle time based on past performance

data
Assuming the depth of cut between 40 and 40 percent of the
machines rated maximum digging depth and swing angle
196
between 30˚to 60˚.
Average cycle time for bucket sizes from for > 2.1 cubic yards
= 15 seconds
Step 3. Determine the ideal production rate (LCY per

hour)
Average bucket capacity of the selected model excavator
= 2.1 yd³
Ideal production rate
= (3600 seconds per hour/ backhoe cycle time) x bucket size x
fill factor
= (3600/15) x 2.1 x 105/100
Step 4. Determine the efficiency factor for the work

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($) 54
= 34 = 0.83

Net production rate
= 529.2 LCY/hour x 0.83
Step 6. Convert the production rate from LCY per hour to

BCY per hour
During the cutting process, the soil is in its natural state.
Thus, LCY should be converted into BCY
Soil conversion factor for loam (loose to bank) = 0.8
Net production rate
= 439.24 x 0.8
= 351.4 BCY/hour/excavator
Step 7. Determine the time required by a given number of

excavators to complete the mission
197
Assuming the number of excavation available is 5,
Total time (hours)
number of excavators)
= 1,125,286.62/ (351.4x 5)
= 640.5 hours
= 80 days
Step 8. Determine the cost CIDB Malaysia

For the selected model excavator, 2019
Rental cost per excavator per day = RM 750 Machinery Hire
Cost diesel = RM 2.15/L Rates and
Average diesel consumption for a excavator = 20 L/hour Equipment
Total cost of diesel per excavator = RM 2.15 x 20 x 8 Purchase Price
= RM 344/day (LIST A), Johor
Total cost for 5 excavators

= RM (750 + 344) x 80 x 5
= RM 437,600
Excavator Number of Operator = 5
Excavator Operator, Semi - Skilled, Local

Pocket
Total Cost Costbook 2020
= RM 90 X 5 X 80= RM 36,000
198
9.4 TRANSPORT FROM CUT TO FILL
In this activity, wheel loaders are used to load the soils into dump trucks. Then, dump trucks
are used to transport the excavated soil to fill areas.

1 Wheel loader 3 125 283,650
2 Wheel loader operator 3 125 45,000
3 Dump truck 12 125 1,386,000
Total cost for 813,937.86 m³ 1,827,150
Final cost for 813,937.86 m³ 2,192737.57
Table 9.4`
/ Labour
Wheel Volume of soil to be filled
Loader = 813,937.86 m³
= 1,064,590.5 BCY
Volume of soil to be transported to fill areas

= 1,064,590.5 x 1.25
= 1,330,738.16 LCY

Brand: Komatsu
Model: WA350
Step 1. Determine the material type and the rated heaped bucket
capacity of the loader
199
minutes
per hour)
cycle time
= (4.45 x 1.05 x 60)/ 0.525
= 534 LCY per hour

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($) 54
= 34 = 0.83

= 534 x 0.83
= 443.22 LCY/hour

Total time (hours)
= 1,330,738.16 / (443.2 x 3)
= 1000.9 hours
= 125 days
200
Step 6. Determine the cost CIDB
For the selected model wheel loader, Malaysia
Rental cost per wheel loader per day = RM 550 2019
Cost diesel = RM 2.15/L Machinery
Average diesel consumption for a wheel loader = 12 L/hour Hire Rates
Total cost of diesel = RM 2.15 x 12 x 8 = RM 206.4/day and
Equipment
Total cost for 5 wheel loaders Purchase
= RM (550 + 206.4) x 125 x 3 Price
= RM 283,650 (LIST A),
Johor
Loader CIDB
Johor
Wheel loader operator, Semi - Skilled, Local

Total cost for 3 wheel loader operators

= RM 120 x 125 x 3
= RM 45,000
Dump Details of dump truck:
Truck Brand: XCMG Field manual
2000
to till a truck
201
3000 pounds per LCY
Bucket loads
= 34.5/4.45
= 7.75 bucket loads

= 0.525 * 8
= 4.2 minutes

the loading unit
Max travelling speed of dump truck = 50 km/hr CIDB Malaysia
Considering construction site speed limit, avenge travelling 2019
speed of dump truck = 20 km/hr Machinery Hire
Max distance travelled by the truck = 720 m Rates and
Purchase Price
Travel time per trip (LIST A), Johor
= 360/1000/20 =1.08 minute

and be reloaded

202
Truck cycle time
= 1.08+1.08+3.5+3.5
= 9.16 minutes
= 1 + (9.16/3.5)
=4

= 4 x 3 = 12

Total cost
= RM (580 + 344) x 125 x 12
= RM 1,386,000
Dump Number of operators = 12
Truck
Off Road Truck Operator, Semi - Skilled, Local
Pocket
Labour wage for dump truck operator cost common rate = RM 75 / Costbook 2020
day

= RM 75 x 125 x 12
= RM 112,500
9.5 FILL TO PROPOSED LEVEL

In this activity, a hydraulic excavator is used to fill the soil into proposed reduced levels.
203

1 Bulldozer 8 115 913,100
2 Bulldozer Operator 8 115 92,000
Total cost for 813937.86 m³ 1,005,100
20% profit 0.25
Final cost for 813937.86 m³ 1,206,120
Table 9.5
/ Labour
Bulldozer Fill volume Field manual
= 813937.86 m³ (FM) No. 5-
= 1,064,590.5 BCY 434. 15 June
2000
= 1,064,590.5 x 1.25
= 1,330,738.1 LCY
Assuming the bulldozer used as below: -

Brand: Komatsu
Model: D65E-12

Production rate:
300 LCY/hour
204

pounds/LCY
= 0.73



!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)

1.15 x 0.73 x 0.8 x 0.75 x 1.2 = 0.6

205
= 300 x 0.6

to BCY per hour.

Total Times(hours)
= 1,330,738/ (144.8 x 10)
= 919 hours CIDB Malaysia
= 115 days 2019
Machinery Hire
Step 7. Determine the cost Rates and
For the selected model bulldozer, Equipment
Rental cost per bulldozer per day = RM 450 Purchase Price
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15/ L. (LIST A), Johor
= RM 2.15 x 20 x 8
= RM 344 /day
Total cost for 8 bulldozers

= RM (450 +344) x 115 x 10
= RM 913,100
206
Bulldozer Number of Operator = 10
Operator
Details of labour: Pocket
Excavator Operator,Semi-Skilled, Local Costbook 2020
Total Cost
= RM 80 x 10 x 115
= RM 92,000
207
9.6 COMPACTION
In this activity, vibratory soil compactors are used to compact the soil in site.
No. Equipment/ Labour Unit Time (days) Total Cost (RM)
1. Compactor 9 14.4 93,001

2. Compactor Operator 9 14.4 11,664
Total Cost for 813937.86 m³ 104,665
Total Cost per m³ 0.13
20% profit / m³ 0.026
Final cost for 813937.86 m³ 125,598
Table 9.6
/ Labour
Compactor Assuming the vibratory compactor used are as below: Field manual
Brand: Caterpillar (FM) No. 5-
Model: C S533E 434. 15 June
Compaction width: 2134.00mm 2000
Step 1. Determine the Ideal maximum compactor

production rate.
Production (CCY per hour) = (16.3*W*S*L*E) / N
where,
16.3 = constant for converting the factors in feet, mph, and
inches to CCY
W = compacted width per pass, in feet
S = compactor speed, in mph
L = compacted lift thickness, in inches
N = number of paws required
208
Based on the compactor chosen,
W = 2134.00 mm = 70 ft
The soil is Silty Clay Loam (CL).
Therefore,
L = 6 inch
S = 3 mph
N = required 10.
Expecting 50 minutes of production per hour,
!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)
Therefore, compactor production (CCY per hour)

= (16.3*70*1*6*0.83) / 10
= 568 CCY per hour

mission by a given number of compactors
Fill Volume
= 813937.86 m³
= 1,064,590.5 BCY
= 1,064,590.5 x 1.25
= 1,330,738.1 LCY
Assuming 9 vibratory soil compactors are available,

Number of compactors = amount of fill delivered (LCY per
hour) x soil conversion factor / compactor production
(CCY per hour)
CIDB Malaysia
Amount of fill delivered (LCY per hour) 2019
= 9*568 / 0.72 Machinery Hire
= 7100 LCY per hour Rates and
Equipment
Time required to complete mission by 9 compactors Purchase Price
= 1,330,738.1 / 7100 (LIST A), Johor
209
= 115 hours
= 14.4 days

For the selected model of compactor,
Rental cost per compactor per day = RM 580
Average diesel consumption for compactor = 8 L/hour
Total cost of diesel per compactor = RM 2.15 x 8 x 8 = RM
137.60 /day
Total cost for 9 compactors
= RM (580 + 137.6) x 14.4 x 9
= RM 93,001
Compactor Number of Operator = 9
Operator
Details of labour: Pocket
Compactor Operator, Semi-Skilled, Local Costbook 2020
Total Cost
= RM 90 x 9 x 14.4
= RM 11,664
210
9.7 DISPOSAL OF EXCESSIVE CUT
In this activity, wheel loaders and dump trucks are used to transport the excessive cut soil. It
is assumed that the soil will be sold to other contractors for other earthwork activities. Thus,
the distance of travel by truck is only considered till the boundary of the site.

1 Wheel loader 3 9.8 22,238.16
3 Dump truck 12 9.8 108662.4
Total cost for 311348.76 m³ 143,248.6
20% profit / m³ 0.09
Final cost for 311348.76 m³ 171,898
Table 9.7
Labour
Wheel Loader Volume of cut = 1125286.62 m³
Volume of fill = 813937.86 m³
Volume of soil to be disposed
= 1125286.62 – 813937.86
= 311348.76 m³
= 407228.8 BCY
= 101807.2 LCY

Brand: Komatsu
211
Model: WA350
Bucket Capacities: 2.7 - 4.0 m³
Step 1. Determine the material type and the rated heaped

bucket capacity of the loader
minutes

per hour)
cycle time
?.@B 7 =.45 7 34
= 4.5B5

!"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($) 54
= 34 = 0.83

=518.4 x 0.83
=430.27 LCY/hour

The number of wheel loader available is 3 ,
212
Total time (hours)
= 101807.2 / (430.27 x 3)
= 78.9 hours
= 9.8 days

For the selected model wheel loader, CIDB
Rental cost per wheel loader per day = RM 550 Malaysia
Cost diesel = RM 2.15/L 2019
Average diesel consumption for a wheel loader = 12 L/hour Machinery
Total cost of diesel = RM 2.15 x 12 x 8 = RM 206.4/day Hire Rates
and
Total cost for 3 wheel loaders Equipment
Purchase
= RM (550 + 206.4) x 9.8 x 3
Price
= RM 22,238.16
(LIST A),
Johor
Operator CIDB
Johor

Total cost for 3-wheel loader operators

= RM 120 x 9.8 x 3
= RM 3,528
213
2000
to till a truck
Average wheel loader bucket capacity = 3.4 m³ = 4.45 LCY
3000 pounds per LCY
Bucket loads
= 34.5/4.45
= 7.8 bucket loads

= 0.525 * 10
= 5.25 minutes
Step 3. Determine the number of hauling units needed to

support the loading unit
Max travelling speed of dump truck = 50 km/hr CIDB
Considering construction site speed limit, avenge travelling Malaysia 2019
speed of dump truck = 20 km/hr Machinery
Max distance travelled by the truck = 720 m Hire Rates and
Purchase Price
Travel time per trip (LIST A),
= 360/1000/20 =1.08 minute Johor
214
and be reloaded
Truck cycle time
= 1.08+1.08+3.5+3.5
= 9.16 minutes

= 1 + (9.16/3.5)
=4

= 4 x 3 = 12

Total cost
= RM (580 + 344) x 9.8 x 12
= RM 108,662.4
Operator
Details of labour:
Off Road Truck Operator, Semi- Skilled, Local
Pocket
Labour wage for dump truck operator cost common rate = RM 75 Costbook 2020
/ day
215
= RM 75 x 9.8 x 12
= RM 8,820
9.8 GRADING
In this activity, graders are used to finishing grading (finishing) involves smoothing
slopes, shaping ditches, and bringing the earthwork to the elevation required by the
plans and specifications.
The summary of cost is as shown below:

1 Grader 2 5 8,080
2 Grader Operator 2 5 1000
Total cost for 450271.8 m² 8,080
Total cost per m² 0.018
20% profit 0.0036
Final cost for 450827.8 m² 9,696
Equipment/ Descriptions References

Labour
(1) Assume the grader used are as below: Field manual (FM)
Grader Brand: Komatsu No. 5-
Model: GD705-5 434. 15 June 2000
Grading width: 2366 mm: 0.2366 m
Determine the production rate.

Total time = (P x D) / (S x E)
Where:
P = number of passes required
D = distance travelled in each pass
S = speed of grader
216
Assume number of passes, P = 5
Distance of site, D = 720 m = 0.72

For finishing, the gear range for the grader to operate is
third to fourth. For the selected model, (in km/h)
Speed for second gear: 5.6
Speed for third gear: 7.7
Speed for fourth gear: 10.9
Average speed, S = 8
Expecting 50 minutes of production time per hour,
Efficiency Factor = !"#$!% '()*+,- .+,$#/0 1/) 2($)

74
= = 8.3
34 5+,$#/0 1/) 6($) 34
Grading area per round
= 720 m x 0.2366 m
= 170 m²
Therefore,
Output efficiency where Total Time per Grading Width
= (P x D) / (S x E)
= 33 min per 170 m²
Area of the site : 450827.8 m²

Total travel time
= 450827.8 / 170 x 30 min
= 88.39 hours / 5 grader
= 2 days
Determine the cost

For the selected model of grader,
Rental cost per grader per day = RM 550
Cost of diesel = RM 2.15 / L.
Average diesel consumption for a grader = 15 L/hour
217
Total cost of diesel per grader = RM 2.15 x 15 x 8
= RM 258 /day
Total cost for 5 graders

= RM (550 + 258) x 5 x 2
= RM 8,080
Number of operators = 5
(2)
Grader Operator
The details of labour are as below: Motor Grader Operator,
Skilled, Local
Taking the labour wage of operator during July in common Pocket cost book 2020
rate = RM 100 / day
Total cost for 4 grader operators

= RM 100 x 2 x 5
= RM 1,000
218
10.0 PROJECT TIMETABLE
● 10.1 Timetable before Cost Reduction
● 10.2 Timetable after Cost Reduction
219
CONCLUSION
220
6.0 Conclusion
At HORIXON CONSTRUCT SDN BHD, we had a team of talented engineers each

specialising in different fields to work together, putting ideas forward and working to solve
problems together. Our teamwork was managed and implemented effectively, and it provided a
source of competitive advantage in terms of creativity and innovation. We had four main
departments namely, water reticulation department, earthwork department, Erosion and
Sedimentation control department and cost and estimating department.
While each department carried out their tasks, a constant communication was established
amongst all departments to ensure that the design for the project development has an undisputed
correlation. Along our way, we found several obstacles that required the assistance of other
departments to key in and provide their support.
This method of working allowed us to respect our deadline and most importantly provide a
design that respects all criterias and engineering standards required.
Finally, we were able to meet all our objectives successfully.
221

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SEAA3022-03

INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT 1

HORIXON CONSTRUCT SDN BHD

CHIN SIAW SHI A19EA0026

NO. CHAPTER CONTENT PAGE

1.0 COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND

1.5.1 SITE PLANNING & EARTHWORK DEPARTMENT (SPED)

1.5.2 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL DEPARTMENT (ESCD)

1.5.3 WATER RETICULATION DEPARTMENT (WRD)

1.6 GANTT CHART

In general, earthworks operation can be divided into:

2.1.2 EARTHWORK COMMON REQUIREMENTS

2.2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Figure 2.1 (a): Proposed Development Area.

The objectives of this project are to:

 Provide additional job opportunities to surrounding residents of Taman Dato Chellam

Information gathered through site inventory:

 Two highest point:

Figure 2.2 (a): Proposed Development Area

Information gathered from site analysis:

2.3.1 PROPOSED LEVEL

Figure 2.3 (b): Development Area with Proposed Zones Level.

Figure 2.3 (d): Water Catchment Area B (Zone 13).

2.3.2 CUT AND FILL

Example Calculation of Grid Method

Taking Grid 1 from Zone 1 calculation.

Grid area= 25m x 25m = 625m2

Existing ground level,

Average height, havg =

Figure 2.3 (g) (i): Cut and Fill Area.

Figure 2.3 (j): A-1-A-1 Cross-Section

Figure 2.3 (k): A-2-A-2 Cross-Section

Figure 2.3 (m): A-4-A-4 Cross-Section

Figure 2.3 (n): B-B Cross-Section

∑ 𝑐 𝐿 + 𝑊 cos 𝛼 tan 𝜙

Assumptions made to input into the calculation of slope:

Slope Stability. (n.d.). Geoengineer.Org. https://www.geoengineer.org/education/slope-

Hamakareem, M. I. (2019, June 17). Slope Stability – Causes of Instability, Analysis

Methods, and Assumptions. The Constructor. https://theconstructor.org/geotechnical/stability-

Existing Spot Height (m) Proposed Spot Height (m) Earthwork

Existing Spot Height (m) Proposed Spot Height (m) Earthwork

Existing Spot Height (m) Proposed Spot Height (m) Earthwork

Existing Spot Height (m) Proposed Spot Height (m) Earthwork

Existing Spot Height (m) Proposed Spot Height (m) Earthwork

Existing Spot Height (m) Proposed Spot Height (m) Earthwork

principles stated below:

1. Minimising soil erosion

2. Preserving topsoil and other assets

3. Access routes and site management

4. Drainage control and runoff management

5. Earthworks and erosion control

6. Sediment prevention and control

Figure 3.2.1: Site Location Figure 3.2.2: Site Location contours

Figure 3.2.3: Proposed Control Design

Figure 3.2.5: Proposed Control Design

• Minimize the risk of rill and gully erosion.

3.3.1 DESIGN CRITERIA