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    AAE MODULE 3

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    12 views16 pages

    Aae Module 3

    Uploaded by

    kuttapi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 16
    2 = oO Advanced Automobile en ineering —Brief Notes Module II! stem /Speed Control System (CCS) i vulates throttle valve to drive the vehicle at a set and thus relive the driver from Seen during drive. As a result, the driver can relax and drive comet can ee riven atthe set speed even uphill or downhill with CCS. The system is extremely help patie ving on highways for a long time. For city driving the system is not much useful, CCS is designed to operate ee ——— srl aeinthe fuel used), It will not operate above maximum or below minimum, Cruise control will be operating throttle valve in gasoline engine injection command in diesel engines. 3.2.1 Cruise Control ‘Adaptive CCS or Laser CCs can automatically keep the vehicle-o-vehicle distance constant. That is Ifa radar cruise vehicle is set to a speed of 80 kmph and another vehicle in front is travelling at a speed of 60 kamph, the radar cruise vehicle will automatically reduce to 60 kmph tll the vehicle in front is moved off. ‘The distance between vehicle can be set in 3 steps 10m, 20m and 30m Operating CCS The system is operated with CCS main switch, control switch, accelerator pedal, brake pedal, clutch pedal and ATM shift lever. Design and shape of control switch varies depending on the make and model of the car. The control switches have five operating modes: set, coast, resume, accelerate, and cancel. 1, Setting desired speed 1. Push and release the CCS main switch (located at the end of the cruise control lever). The CCS indicator light will in the combination meter will be illuminated. 2. Depress accelerator pedal to obtain desired vehicle speed (between 40 and 200 km/h) 3. Push and release the CCS control switch towards SET/COAST (down ward) direction Controt Accelerator pedal SETICOAST Vehicle speed at the time the lever is released is stored in the ci speed and the vehicle will run at this constant spi cancellation action is affected. If speed is incre: ‘operated to open or close the throttle to maintai 1 ruise control ECU. This speed is called set eed without driver pressing the accelerator, till any of the -ased or decreased due to gradient or so, the actuator is crept in the speed constant at set speed. 1e speed ii it rae sore Pee 4 kmph due to gradient or so the automatic transmission Overdrive = | The overdrive is resumed if the speed increases and reach near to set 2Ancreasing set speed Set speed i eed can be increased by control switch or by accelerator pedal. 2) To increase the speed by control switch, push and hold the control switch i Control RES/ACC irection till desired speed is reached. ta rards RES/ACC (up wards) direction ti ‘ Se ee the control switch at desired speed and the set speed in a . changed to the speed at the time of release of the switch, Alternately the control switch ean be tapped towards RES/ACC. Each time the switch is tapped the speed is increased by about 1.6 kmph. Continue to tap until the desired speed is reached and this is the new set speed. Accelerator pedal is a quicker way of resetting to new desired speed. Obtain the desired speed by pressing accelerator pedal. Push and release control switch to SET/COAST (down ward). The speed at the time the switch is released will be the new set speed and the vehicle will run at this speed constantly. Accelerator pedal set speed Set speed can be decreased by control switch or brake pedal. To decrease the speed by control switch, push and hold the control switch towards SET/COAST (downwards) till the desired speed is reached. Release the control switch at desired speed and the set speed in now changed to the speed at the time of release of the switch. Altemately the control switch can be ‘apped towards SET/COAST. Each time the switch is tapped the speed is decreased by about 1.6 kmph. Continue to tap until the desired speed is reached and this is the new set speed, Brake pedal is a quicker way of reducin, Pedal to obtain desired speed, Push and release the control switch to SET/COAST (downward). Speed at the time of release of the switch is the new set speed and the vehicle will run at this speed constantly. ig the set speed. Press the brake 4, Canceling cruise control function Cruise control system have 2 cancellation ways. Manual cancellation user and automatic cancellation by ECU. Following are the manual cancellation methods by CANCEL switch. Pull the switch towards driver “Automatic transmission shifted to positions other than Clutch pedal switch. Clutch depressed (Manual transmission vehicle) Stop light switch (brake pedal is depressed) ‘Accelerator pedal position switch (Accelerator pedal pressed) Ro SR QU AR Accelerator pedal Clutch pedal Brake pedal — Cruise control will be automatically cancelled if any of the following 2 conditions happened. 1, Vehicle speed falls below minimum speed (40 kmph) 2. Vehicle speed falls 16 kmph below set speed 5. Restoring set speed Once cancelled by manual method, the set speed can be restored by pushing the control switch towards RES/ACC (upwards) and releasing it. Vehicle will accelerate / decelerate itself, till set speed is reached and run at the oan RESIACG set speed constantly. No need to press the accelerator or brake to increase or t decrease the speed. ™ waite Restore / Resume function will not work in the following conditions eR | ; = 1. CCS is off by main switch SeucoAsy | 2. CC is automatically cancelled by speed below 40 kmph or speed falling 16 kmph below set speed. CCS components ‘There are two types of CCS, cruise control ECU with actuator type and ETCS-i Electronic Throttle Control System Intelligence ) type which is controlled by engine ECU. In this note we will mainly discuss ETCS i t i i i in 'ype with engine ECU . tone pe igine ECU control. This system has the following 1. Engine ECU with CCS control - throttle valve to required opening ‘monitor and increase or decrease system incase of any cancel condi 2, ETCS i motor — According Receive signals from various sensors and accordingly control the angle by ETC i motor to keep the vehicle at the set speed. Constantly the speed as required to keep it constant at set speed. Cancel the ition is received from sensors. to the command from ECU this motor increase or d i angle to keep the engine speed constant atthe set speed es 9 © Throttle control motor Throttle position sensor Throttle return spring 3. Cruise control switch — It includes the CCS main switch and the control s\ power supply switch to CCS. If main switch is on power supply to CCS bet in the combination meter illuminate. Control switch includes CANCEL, RES/ACC, SET/COAST. These switches may have different shape according to model. This is the main input to the ECU. ECU on, Off, increase / decrease speed according to operation of main and control switches. switches. Main switch is the gins and the indicator light 4, Vehicle speed sensor ~ This sensor gives information of vehicle speed to the ECU so that it can increase or decrease the speed to set speed. 5. Stop light switch — This signal gives ECU, the information of brake pedal application. It is used by ECU to cancel CCS function. 6. Neutral start switch (A/T models)- This sensor is available only in vehicle with Automatic transmission. It sensor informs ECU that the ATM is in D position or not. Accordingly, ECU cancels CCS function if not in D. 7. Clutch pedal switch (M/T models) - This sensor is available only in vehicle with manual transmission. It informs the ECU whether clutch is pressed or not. ECU use this signal to cancel CCS function 8. Accelerator pedal position switch — This sensor informs ECU whether accelerator is pressed or not. It is used by ECU to cancel CCS function. 9. Combination meter with CCS indicator light - The light comes on when main switch is on. Also, it blinks to indicate any fault in the system. 10. Diagnostic Connector - It is used to connect scan tool / diagnostic wire to diagnose the system. In the old model there was no ETCS-i. Therefore a separate actuator was used to control the throttle. Also, there will be a separate CCS ECU. All other components and functions are same as ETCS i model. Magnetic switch in the actuator is used to connect the actuator to the throttle when required, The actuator is disengaged from throttle when any cancellation action is happened. Limit switch is used to prevent the motor from being rotated after the throttle is fully opened and closed. @ Actuator Magnetic switch Limit switches Adaptive CCS / Laser Cruise / Radar Cruise This system maintains the vehicle at the set when there are no vehicles in front in the same lane. If there is a vehicle in front at a slower speed than our set speed this system reduces the speed to the same speed of vehicle in front, If additional deceleration is necessary, it down shift the automatic transmission. If further deceleration is necessary, the system apply the brakes. Thus, the system maintains a fixed vehicle-to-vehicle distance set by the driver. Vehicle to vehicle distance can be set in 3 options of 10 m, 20m and 30m. If the vehicle in front moves off the lane, the system accelerates to the set speed. Please be reminded that if the vehicle in front is suddenly braked there is no emergency brake application to stop the vehicle, Driver must apply brakes to stop the car. Radar cruise will be cancelled below 40 kmph. Unlike normal cruise control, in Radar cruise restore function will work even if speed is below 40 kmph and if falls 16 kmph below set speed. For most radar cruise models there is follow function in which the vehicle will be accelerated to the speed of the vehicle in front by keeping a fixed vehicle to vehicle distance. Components of Radar Cruise This system has the following two components in addition to the normal cruise control system. 1.Laser radar sensor ‘This sensor is fitted in the front of vehicle. Normally behind the manufacturers emblem. This sensor ‘measures the distance of a vehicle moving in front in the same lane. For this sensor, there is a laser emitting portion, a laser receiving portion and a CPU in the laser radar unit. Laser beams emitted by the laser emitting portion are radiated forward. Laser beams thus emitted are reflected by the vehicle driven in front. Duration between rays emitted and reflected is used by CPU to i Iculated by this shicles are also cal calculate the distance between the vehicles. The relative spose of the veh CPU. These data are then conveyed to the distance control ECU. ed ina ing obj it will not reduce the spe ‘This sensor is designed so that it does not react to non-moving objects. So, it curve and diversions 2.Distance control ECU ased on the inform: rovi radar r, lates i i i adar sensor, calcul termines which vehicle to follow based on the information provided by the lase i i ion/deceleration request, the target acceleration signals for following the vehicle, and transmits an acceleration dee eal shift-down request, warning buzzer request, and brake request to the engine and h ECU. + Estimated curve radius + Actual vehicle + Steering angle speed + Actual vehicle speed Laser radar leg. Distance Engine and sensor _ | control EC! ECT ECU Information on + Target acceleration’ ( vehicle being } deceleration speed driven ahead + Braking request + Warning request ‘Skid control ECU 3.2.2 Power mirror Rear view mirror, fender mirror, door mirror, outside mirror, side view mirror are various names used for a mirror found on the exterior of motor vehicles for the purposes of helping the driver to see areas behind and to the sides of the vehicle. It can be adjusted vertically and horizontally to suit the comfort of the driver. These adjustments could be done by mechanical (cable /levers) and electrical(motor) means. Side view mirror equipped with electrical means for vertical and horizontal adjustment from inside of the car is called power rear view mirror or simply power mirror. @ In addition to adjustments modem car mirrors may be electrically heated and may include electrochromic dimming to reduce glare to the driver from the headlamps of following vehicles. Vehicle's tun signal integrated withthe side mirror in some vehicles. Also, side mirrors of new vehicles can be retracted for safety during parking. Power mirror components Mirror glass) Mirror Cover ve 3 Mirror assembly Motor rear side Figure above shows the components of a power mirror system. The availability of these parts depends up on the manufacturer and the dealership. Some he dealership will not supply all parts as per ‘marketing strategy. Each mirror housing has a motor unit with 2 ‘motors. One for up/down adjustment and the other for lefright adjustment. electric mlcror switch a ‘These motors can tilt a back plate on which mirror is fixed, Motors are operated by the driver through power mirror switches. Figure below shows the power mirror circuit to operate the motors. Switch has two portions the select switch and the operation switch, Select switch is used to select left or right mirrors and the operation switch is used for lefUright and up /down movement of selected mirror. When select switch S1 is in left position, switch communicates with left side mirror motors only through terminals 2 and 4 of switch connector. When switch isin the right position it communicates with only right through terminal 3 and 5. Operation switch $3 moves automatically in sndem with operation Switches SI and $2. That is f£S1 is in left position $3 will also move to lefup ight ralrror motors iti imilarly, if SI and S2 is in position. Similarly, if S2 is in UP position S3 also moves to lefVup position. Similarly, t il i sition automatically. tight or down positions respectively, S3 will move to right/down pi i i $3 also to move to left Now assume select switch in left position and switch S1 is moved to left. This aed ein position. Now current flows from fuse through wire 1, left terminal of SI, Ha Peer switch, through terminal 2, terminal 8, motor I, terminal 10, terminal 6, left termite Se eee 7 of mirror switch to ground. This rotates the motor | in clockwise direction an horizontal plane in the left direction. i i iti id negative If switch S1 is moved to right S3 also automatically moves to right. This toggle the ene es We terminals in $1 and $3. That is the direction of current in motor | is reversed and it rotate: direction. As such the mirror moves in the right direction. is is ti inCW Similarly mirror moves in the up and down direction when S2 is operated. This time motor 2 rotates in and CCW directions to tilt the mirror up and down. If switch $1 is in the right position motor 3 is operated for right/left tilting and motor 4 for up/down tilting of right mirror Electro chromic mirror Electro chromic mirrors are installed in higher end vehicle. These mirrors automatically reduce the glare when exposed to lights of the following vehicle. This s much helpful device in safe. Effortless night driving. These mirrors have an electro chromic gel (electronic colour changing gel/electrolyte) and electrochromic layers sandwiched between mirror lenses. This gel when charged with electricity get darkens. It has an ambient light sensor in the from and a glare sensor in the rear. When ambient sensor reads dark and if there is glare read by glare sensor, electricity is passed to gel to darken it according to amount of glare sensed. Thus, it reduces glare depending on darkness and strength of glaring light. Most models of electrochromic mirrors uses built in battery, where as some models have rechargeable batteries with electrical connection. 3.2.2 Power seat Car seats whose lift, tlt, lumbar etc can be adjusted by electric motors by operating switches or joy sticks are called power seats. If memory positions can be set according to comfort of one more driver such seats are called memory power seats Different electric motors are fitted on metals frames of the seat for various movements. Seat cushions are fastened on these frames so that seat can the moved to the desired direction by supplying electricity to respective motors, 1, Sliding Adjustment 2, Recline Adjustment — Tilting 3. Vertical Adjustment — cushion front up and down ‘mont sear neaonesrasscumey ——| 4, Lifter adjustment — seat up and down 5. Lumbar support Adjustment 6. Side support Adjustment 7. Headrest adjustment [Tees coten QP jl

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