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  • Discussion On Nucleotides

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    Eyob Tefera
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    Prokaryotic DNA is smaller, circular, and found freely in the cytoplasm. It lacks introns, nucleosomes, histones, and is organized into a single chromosome. Eukaryotic DNA is larger, linear, found within the nucleus, associated with histones, contains introns and transposons, and is organized into multiple chromosomes. The major differences in RNA processing between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are that eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus while prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and eukaryotic mRNA is processed and moves to the cytoplasm for translation while prokaryotic mRNA undergoes little processing.

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    nucleotides

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    DISCUSSION ON NUCLEOTIDES

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    Prokaryotic DNA is smaller, circular, and found freely in the cytoplasm. It lacks introns, nucleosomes, histones, and is organized into a single chromosome. Eukaryotic DNA is larger, linear, found within the nucleus, associated with histones, contains introns and transposons, and is organized into multiple chromosomes. The major differences in RNA processing between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are that eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus while prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and eukaryotic mRNA is processed and moves to the cytoplasm for translation while prokaryotic mRNA undergoes little processing.

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    14 views2 pages

    Discussion On Nucleotides

    Uploaded by

    Eyob Tefera
    Prokaryotic DNA is smaller, circular, and found freely in the cytoplasm. It lacks introns, nucleosomes, histones, and is organized into a single chromosome. Eukaryotic DNA is larger, linear, found within the nucleus, associated with histones, contains introns and transposons, and is organized into multiple chromosomes. The major differences in RNA processing between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are that eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus while prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, and eukaryotic mRNA is processed and moves to the cytoplasm for translation while prokaryotic mRNA undergoes little processing.

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    of 2

    QUESTION: What is the difference between Nucleotides of Prokaryotic and

    Eukaryotic Cells?

    THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROKARYOTIC DNA AND EUKARYOTIC DNA


    Prokaryotic DNA Eukaryotic DNA
    Location Found freely in the central Found within the nucleus.
    portion of the cytoplasm.
    Occurrence Occurs as a covalent closed Occurs as a linear form of DNA
    circular form of DNA. with two ends.
    Size The size of the DNA is less The size of the DNA is high,
    than 0.1 pg in a prokaryote. usually more than 1 pg.
    Introns Introns are absent in the coding Introns are present in the coding
    region of DNA. region of DNA.
    Nucleosome There is no formation of There is a formation of
    nucleosomes. nucleosomes.
    Quantity of the DNA The quantity of DNA is The quantity of the DNA is
    comparatively less. more.
    DNA Replication DNA replication occurs in the DNA replication occurs within
    cytoplasm of the cell. the nucleus of the cell.
    Number of Genes Prokaryotic DNA contains a Eukaryotic DNA contains a
    small number of genes. large number of genes.
    Transposons Prokaryotic DNA lacks Eukaryotic DNA consists of
    transposons. transposons.
    Number of Chromosomes Prokaryotic DNA is organized Eukaryotic DNA is organized
    into a single chromosome. into many chromosomes.
    Histone Proteins Do not interact with the histone Associated with the histone
    proteins. proteins.

    Prokaryotic DNA
    The prokaryotic DNA is smaller and circular and is found in the cytoplasm. The DNA is naked and is
    not surrounded by proteins. The genome is compact and contains repetitive DNA without any
    introns.

    Eukaryotic DNA
    Eukaryotic DNA is large and linear, present inside the nucleus. It is bound to histone proteins. A
    large amount of repetitive DNA is found in the genome. The eukaryotic DNA also contains introns.

     Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes process their ribosomal and transfer RNAs. The major
    differences in RNA processing, however between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is in the
    processing of messenger RNAs.

     The process of transcription in eukaryotes initiates in the nucleus. The mRNA travels out of
    the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm, where the process of translation takes place. 
    1
     The process of transcription in prokaryotes initiates in the cytoplasm. RNA processing is not
    required in prokaryotes. This is because the structural gene in prokaryotes is polycistronic in
    nature. This process of transcription is also known as bacterial transcription.
     In prokaryotes, there is a little or no processing of mRNA transcripts. Prokaryotic mRNA is
    degraded very rapidly from 5′ end. Therefore, to rescue from degradation it is translated
    before being finally transcribed.

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