Livingstone, S. and Lunt, P.

(1994) “The mass media, democracy and the public

sphere”, In Talk on Television: Audience participation and public debate (9-35).
London: Routledge.

This chapter explores the role of mass media in political participation,

focusing on the relationship between laity and established power. Media
theory debates how mass media influences public opinion formation,
expression, and consumption. Television's shift from a public service
model to a market model affects the relationship between ordinary people
and elite representatives of established power. The debate focuses on
individual citizenship and the authority of experts, with access programs,
talk shows, and audience discussion programs catering to these
concerns. The media is a powerful force in contemporary society,
influencing political events and decision-making. Critics argue that the
media can facilitate the expression of diverse political and social interests,
forming a more inclusive and democratic society.

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