FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT

CLUSTER OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LABORATORY REPORT

Experiment REBOUND HAMMER TEST

Course/ Subject
BFC 20601
Code
Section 8

Experiment Date 1 JUN 2023

Group Name GROUP 6

1. MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN JAMIAN (DF210096)

Group Members
2. MUHAMMAD FARHAN NAJMI BIN SALMAN
(DF210028)
3. MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN BIN PEER MUHAMAD
(CF200236)
4.NURANIS AMERA BINTI SHAMSULAKMAR
(DF210008)
4. NUR SYAZANA BINTI MAZLAN (CF200096)
Lecturer / Instructor/ Dr. Noor Azlina Binti Abdul Hamid
Tutor Name
Submission Date 8 JUN 2023

CLO 1: Report/ Presentation 35%

Marks CLO 2: Equipment Handling 7.5%

CLO 3: Team work/ Interview 7.5%

Received Stamp TOTAL

Examiner Comments
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIROMENT

WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LABORATORY PAPER INSTRUCTION

Subject Code BFC 20601

REBOUND HAMMER TEST
Experiment Title

Section 8
 STUDENTS’ ETHICAL CODE (SEC)

CLUSTER OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

“I declare that this report is my own work and that I have correctly
acknowledged the work of others (if any).”

……………………………………….
(STUDENT SIGNATURE)

NAME :MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN JAMIAN

MATRIC NO:DF210096
DATE :8 JUN 2023

*This SEC sheet/student is compulsory compiles in this report

 STUDENTS’ ETHICAL CODE (SEC)

CLUSTER OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

“I declare that this report is my own work and that I have correctly
acknowledged the work of others (if any).”

……………………………………….
(STUDENT SIGNATURE)

NAME :MUHAMMAD FARHAN NAJMI BIN SALMAN

MATRIC NO:DF210028
DATE :8 JUN 2023

*This SEC sheet/student is compulsory compiles in this report

 STUDENTS’ ETHICAL CODE (SEC)

CLUSTER OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

“I declare that this report is my own work and that I have correctly
acknowledged the work of others (if any).”

……………………………………….
(STUDENT SIGNATURE)

NAME:MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN BIN PEER MUHAMAD

MATRIC NO:DF210096
DATE :8 JUN 2023

*This SEC sheet/student is compulsory compiles in this report

 STUDENTS’ ETHICAL CODE (SEC)

CLUSTER OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

“I declare that this report is my own work and that I have correctly
acknowledged the work of others (if any).”

……………………………………….
(STUDENT SIGNATURE)

NAME :NURANIS AMEERA BIN SHAMSULKAMAR

MATRIC NO :DF210008
DATE :8 JUN 2023

*This SEC sheet/student is compulsory compiles in this report

 STUDENTS’ ETHICAL CODE (SEC)

CLUSTER OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING & BUILT ENVIRONMENT
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BATU PAHAT, JOHOR

“I declare that this report is my own work and that I have correctly
acknowledged the work of others (if any).”

……………………………………….
(STUDENT SIGNATURE)

NAME :NUR SYAZANA BINTI MAZLAN

MATRIC NO :CF200096
DATE :8 JUN 2023

*This SEC sheet/student is compulsory compiles in this report

REBOUND HAMMER TEST

ABSTRACT

In this experiment, the processing of calibration relations and the variables influencing the

outcomes of non-destructive testing of high-strength concrete on cubes and cylinders are both

examined. Schmidt's hammer L-type (N-type for concrete material) is used for the rebound

hammer test. The test technique is straightforward, and the equipment is portable and simple to

use. There is no limit to the number of tests that may be performed on location. Testing can be

done on the surface of an irregularly shaped block or on core samples without destroying the

samples themselves. Rebound number (R), an index value that indicates the degree of hardness

of the rock and concrete surface under test, is produced.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General Background

Concrete is a crucial building material utilized in several infrastructure projects
because of its durability, strength, and affordability. Compressive strength of concrete is a
crucial factor in determining both the structural performance and load-bearing capacity of
the material. However, doing destructive testing on-site to gauge the compressive
strength of concrete is time-consuming, expensive, and occasionally unfeasible. Non-
destructive testing methods have thus gained significance in the study of civil engineering.
A dependable and effective method for determining the compressive strength of concrete
is the hammer test. By using a rebound hammer to strike the concrete surface and
measuring the rebound index, this test may determine the concrete's compressive strength
inferentially. Through empirical correlations created based on copious amounts of
experimental data, the rebound index values are connected with the compressive strength.

1.2 Objectives

 By connecting the rebound value and the compressive strength, verify the
concrete's compressive strength.
 To evaluate the concrete's consistency.
 To evaluate the concrete's quality to ensure compliance with the required
standards.
 To compare two actual elements' qualities in relation to one another.
1.3 Scope

 Configuration of the Specimen

Prepare concrete test samples. To make sure there are no surface flaws, loose
debris, or contaminants that might taint the test findings, the samples should be
carefully cast or removed from the structure. To increase accuracy, do the rebound
hammer test on each concrete sample 12 times in various places. This helps take
into consideration changes in the concrete's quality, its surface conditions, and any
abnormalities that may exist inside the substance.

 Type of Testing

Non-destructive testing: Rebound Hammer Test

 Standard Code of Practice Involved

Rebound Hammer Test: BS 1881: Part 202: 1986

1.4 Significance of the Laboratory Testing

In labs, the rebound hammer is used to detect faults and defects in concrete. By
analyzing the rebound values acquired from various points on the concrete cube, it is
possible to identify variations in concrete quality, such as honeycombing, voids, or
inadequate compaction. This information is essential for determining the structural
stability of concrete components and identifying areas that could need more study or
corrections. The rebound hammer assists in the advancement of modern concrete
technology. The gathered information may be utilized to create relationships between
the compressive strength and rebound values of the concrete cube.
1.5 LITERATURE REVIEW

The non-destructive test is a widely used test. Non-destructive testing is the respond of
looking at, evaluating, or testing it without harming the functionality of the part or system that
will be employed. There are several types of non-destructive testing. Nondestructive test
methods used to assess masonry and concrete structures include the rebound hammer technique,
pull out test method, and ultrasonic pulse velocity method.

The rebound hammer test is one non-destructive method of assessing concrete that
provides an immediate and straightforward answer for compressive strength. The rebound
hammer is typically used to assess the durability of in-situ concrete structures. The rebound
hammer is also known as the Schmidt hammer. The plunger, rider on guide rod window and
scale, hammer guide, release catch, compression spring, and hammer mass—which slides on a
plunger within a tubular casing—are the components of the rebound hammer. The rebound
hammer is based on the rebound technique, which gauges how far an elastic mass will bounce
after being hurled against a material depending on its surface hardness.

There are several restrictions on non-destructive testing methods. To decrease these

limitations, destructive test techniques' results must be contrasted with NDT test results. One can
determine the compressive strength of an existing structure by comparing the strengths of cores
taken from related places and the structure's rebound numbers. It is feasible to identify the in-situ
characteristics of rendered walls using a pendulum hammer device and other non-destructive
methods. This technique is useful for characterizing deterioration and mapping rendered wall
parts with poor mechanical performance.
2.0 Methodology
2.1 Material and equipment

1. Rebound hammer

2. Concrete

2.2 Procedure
1. Smooth, clean and dry surface is to be selected.
2. The point of impact should be at least 20 mm away from any edge or shape
discontinuity.
3. the rebound hammer should be held at right angles to the surface of the concrete
member.
4. Pushed towards the test surface until the hammer impact.
5. After impact, the pressure is maintained on the instrument.
6. The rebound number is read on the scale to the nearest whole number and
recorded.
7. Repeat the procedure with different point of impact.
 RESULT & DATA ANALYSIS

POINT 1 POINT 2 POINT3

17 16 13

16 16 13

19 10 12

16 12 10

17 16 10

18 10 10

18 10 18

22 14 16

20 16 10

25 13 10

16 13 17

16 11 10

TOTAL=218 TOTAL =157 TOTAL =149

218/12=18.17 157/12=13.08 149/12=12.42

18.17 + 13.08 + 12.42 = 43.67

Average = 43.67/3
= 14.5
Discussion

Based on the results of the rebound hammer test obtained, the average obtained is 14.5. The
value obtained is affected by the curing process for only 7 days compared to the standard which
is always done for 28-30 days. Among other factors that influence is the uneven surface of the
cube to test the rebound hammer.

As a result of the discussion, we found that the uneven surface occurs as a result of not hitting
the rod correctly or not enough number of hits. Another influencing factor is water, water is an
important element in mixing concrete compounds. Compounds that do not have enough water
can cause cavities between aggregates. Because of that, the compression value is lower than it
should be.

Therefore, the results from the compression test and also the rebound hammer did not reach
the industry standard, but reached the target for educational use in the materials laboratory.
Conclusions

In conclusion, the rebound hammer test is a useful method for assessing the strength
of concrete. By measuring the rebound value, we can estimate the hardness and
durability of the concrete surface. A higher rebound value indicates a stronger and
more durable concrete, while a lower rebound value suggests potential weaknesses or
defects.

During our lab test, we conducted multiple measurements using the rebound hammer
on different concrete samples. We observed that samples with higher rebound values
exhibited greater strength and were likely to withstand more stress and load.
Conversely, samples with lower rebound values indicated lower strength and may
require further investigation or reinforcement.