F.

3 Chemistry Final Exam Revision Exercise (Answers)

Name: __________________________________Class: _______( )

1. Refer to the following diagram:

(a) Petroleum is an important fossil fuel. How was petroleum formed in nature? [1]
Petroleum is formed from dead remains of sea animals and plants
that lived hundreds of million years ago as a result of high pressure
and high temperature.
(b) Name the above process to separate fractions P-S from petroleum. Is this process a physical change or
chemical change? [2]
Fractional distillation. It is a physical change because no new
substances are formed.
(c) Arrange fractions P, Q, R and S in terms of the following properties. [6]

(i) Colour __S__> ___R_ > _Q___ > __P__

darkest lightest

(ii) Size of hydrocarbon __S__> ___R_ > _Q___ > __P__

largest smallest

(iii) Boiling point __S__> ___R_ > _Q___ > __P__

highest lowest

(iv) Flammability __P__> __Q__ > __R__ > __S__

most flammable least flammable

(v) Viscosity __S__> ___R_ > _Q___ > __P__

most viscous least viscous

(vi) Volatility __P__> __Q__ > __R__ > __S__

most volatile least volatile

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2. The table shows the properties of three types of plastics.
Plastic Strength Flexibility Melting point (oC)

Low density
weak very flexible 90
polythene

High density
strong stiff 140
polythene

Polypropene strong stiff 160

PVC strong very stiff 185

(a) Plastics are produced by a process called polymerization. What is meant by “polymerization”? [1]
Polymerization is a process of joining small molecules (monomers) to
form large molecules (polymers) under suitable conditions.
(b) High density polythene is better than low density polythene for making plastic coffee cups for
vending machines. Suggest TWO advantages of using high density polythene in this application.[2]
High density polythene is more stiff and melts at a higher
temperature.
(c) Disposal of plastic waste can cause pollution problems. The pollution problems can be reduced by the
recycling of plastic waste.
(i) Besides recycling, suggest TWO other common methods for treating plastic waste. [2]
Incineration and landfill

(ii) State TWO advantages of recycling plastic wastes. [2]

Any two of the following:
It does not cause air pollution and underground water pollution.
It does not need a large area of space for landfills.
It conserves petroleum, which is non-renewable.
(d) Suggest one use of PVC and one disadvantage of using PVC. [2]
PVC is used to make pipes // shower curtains // raincoats.
Disadvantage: It produces toxic gas when burnt.

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3. Refer to the set-up below:

(a) Name the above process. Briefly describe the principle of this process. [2]
Electrolysis. A compound can be broken down into simpler
substances by using electricity.

(b) Is the above process a physical or chemical change? Explain your answer. [1]
It is a chemical change because new substances such as hydrogen and
chlorine are formed.
(c) Name gas X and gas Y respectively. [2]
Gas X-chlorine Gas Y-hydrogen
(d) Suggest one chemical test to show the presence of gases X and Y respectively. [2]
Gas X (chlorine gas) changes the moist blue litmus paper red and
then white.
Gas Y (hydrogen) gives pop sound with burning splint.
(e) The gases formed in the above process should be handled with great care. Explain briefly. [2]
Hydrogen is flammable.
Chlorine is toxic.

(f) If a few drops of universal indicator are added into the resultant solution, explain the colour change
of the solution. [2]
The solution changes from green to blue because sodium hydroxide
solution is formed which is alkaline.

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4. Magnesium has three isotopes, 24Mg, 25Mg and xMg.

(a) What is the electronic arrangement of magnesium? [1]

2,8,2
(b) Define the term “isotopes”. [1]
Isotopes are different atoms of the same element with same number
of protons but different number of neutrons.
(c) Given that the relative atomic mass of naturally occurring magnesium is 24.32 and the relative
abundances of 24Mg and 25Mg are 79.0% and 10.0% respectively. Calculate the value of x in xMg. [2]
24x79%+25x10%+ x 11% =24.32
x=26
(d) (i) Write a word equation for the reaction between magnesium and dilute sulphuric acid. [1]
Magnesium + sulphuric acid → magnesium sulphate + hydrogen

(ii) Is it possible to distinguish the three isotopes of magnesium by putting into dilute sulphuric acid?
Explain your answer. [1]
No. The isotopes cannot be distinguished by chemical method
because they have the same (NOT accept similar) chemical
properties.

(e) Magnesium reacts with steam to produce magnesium oxide. Draw the electron diagram of
magnesium oxide, showing the outermost shell electrons only. [1]

Mg

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5. Consider the reaction between lithium and water.
(a) Write a word equation for the reaction between lithium and water. [1]
Lithium + water → lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
(b) Explain how to store lithium in the laboratory. [1]
It should be stored in paraffin oil because it reacts with air
vigorously. / prevent the reaction with air.
(c) One of the products formed from the above reaction is an ionic compound. State the chemical
formula of this compound. [1]
LiOH
(d) Both lithium and potassium belong to Group I metals. State ONE similarity and ONE difference in
observation between lithium and potassium when they react with water separately. [2]

Similarity: Both of them move quickly on water surface. (Both of

them are less dense than water)

Difference: Potassium burns with lilac flame while lithium does not.
(Potassium is more reactive than lithium)

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6. There are three unlabelled bottles of colourless solutions in a school laboratory. They are sodium
carbonate solution, potassium carbonate solution and sodium chloride solution. A laboratory
technician uses flame test to identify one of the solutions.
(a) Which of the above solutions can be identified by the flame test? [1]
Potassium carbonate
(b) Write the chemical formula of the solution stated in (a). [1]
K2CO3
(c) Describe the expected results of the flame test. [2]
Potassium carbonate gives lilac flame whereas the other two samples
give golden yellow flame in the flame test. [Need to mention the
observations of BOTH samples]
(d) (i) Explain how the technician can identify the remaining two solutions using acidified silver nitrate
solution. Write word equation(s) for the reaction involved, if any. [4]
Sodium chloride will give white precipitates whereas sodium
carbonate will give colourless gas bubbles upon the addition of
acidified silver nitrate solution. [Need to mention the observations of
BOTH samples]

Sodium chloride + silver nitrate → silver chloride + sodium nitrate

sodium carbonate + nitric acid → sodium nitrate + carbon dioxide +
water
(ii) Suggest another chemical test to identify the remaining two solutions. [2]
Add dilute hydrochloric acid into two solutions. Sodium carbonate
gives colourless gas bubbles but no observable change is found in
sodium chloride.
[Must have comparison]

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7. Refer to the following table about the information of element P and Q.
P Q
Group number II V
Period number 3 2
(a) Explain why elements P and Q belong to different periods. [1]
Because they have different occupied electron shells.
(b) Write the electronic arrangement of element Q. [1]
2,5
(c) Elements P and Q react together to form compound X. Draw the electron diagram of compound X,
showing the outermost shell electrons only. [1]

Accept using symbols of P and Q.

(d) Element Q can also react with hydrogen to form compound Y.
(i) What is the type of chemical bond in compound Y? [1]
Covalent bond

(ii) Draw the electron diagram of compound Y, showing the outermost shell electrons only.[1]