STS

Mark Jamil Verdera |BSME1A|

i. Five Local Scientist.

Fe del Mundo
Fe del Mundo, who was born on November 27, 1911, in Intramuros, Manila,
established the country's first pediatric hospital and helped shape the current
model of child healthcare. After earning her degree from the University of the
Philippines, she went on to Boston University to further her education.

She is well-known for the following things:

• The first female pediatrician to enroll at Harvard Medical School, in 1936.

• The first woman to be designated the Philippines' national scientist (1980).

• Started the first pediatric hospital, which is currently known as Fe Del Mundo Medical Center.

• Her research is credited with helping to develop the first incubator and jaundice-relieving gadget.

• Was recognized as a "Woman Doctor of World Reknown" and awarded the Elizabeth Blackwell Award.

Her work and accomplishments were focused on addressing the lack of medical
equipment in rural communities during the aftermath of the war. She is most
known for inventing an incubator made out of bamboo specifically designed for
places without electrical power. In 1941, to help rural communities without
electricity, she designed the bamboo incubator, a makeshift incubator that utilized
two wicker laundry baskets of varying sizes. She put hot water bottles in the space
between the baskets to regulate the temperature of the infants then added a hood
and oxygen. 

Diosdado “Dado” Banatao

Diosdado "Dado" Banatao, who was born on May 23, 1946, is a success tale of
rags to riches. He was born in Iguig, Cagayan. His family had a rice field and
sent their children barefoot to school. He put a lot of effort into his studies
and graduated from Ateneo de Teguegarao High School. He then received a BS
in Electrical Engineering with honors from the Mapua Institute of Technology.

As a student pilot with Philippine Airlines, he eventually got a position at

Boeing as a design engineer, which allowed him to remain in the US. He
subsequently continued his education at Stanford to earn a master's degree in
science. He eventually became a member of the Homebrew Computer Club, where he first met Steve
Jobs and Steve Wozniak.

His first major accomplishment was the design and invention of the first single
chip 16-bit microprocessor based calculator. This would lead him later to
develop the first system logic chip set for IBM, the first Windows Graphics
accelerator chip for PCs. A 16 bit microcontroller is a self-contained system
that includes memory, a processor and peripherals that can easily be
embedded to any system to enable smooth operation. Future Electronics has a
broad inventory of 16-bit general purpose microcontrollers.

Abelardo Aguilar
Dr. Aguilar worked for the Eli Lily Company in the United States of America at
the time of his discovery. He provided the soil samples to his company in good
faith, and they worked on isolating Erythromycin from a bacterial strain
detected in the samples. It was a Streptomyces Erythreus strain that produced
Erythromycin as one of its metabolic products.

The substance was first sold in 1952 under the brand name Ilosone (the place
in the Philippines where it originated). Unfairly, Eli Lily Co. filed for both patent
protection and a US patent without paying Dr. Aguilar any royalties or credit
for his invention. Following that, he fought for what he was owed in a 40-year
battle.

Erythromycin is an antibiotic that is used to treat and prevent a variety of

infections in the body. Illnesses of the respiratory system and skin, as well as
acute pelvic inflammatory disease, pertussis, Legionnaire's disease, and
syphilis, are among these infections. It's also used as a penicillin substitute
for those who are allergic to the antibiotic
Maria Orosa y Ylagan
Mara Orosa e Ylagan, a Filipino food scientist, chemist, humanitarian, and
military hero, was born in Taal, Batangas in 1892. During WWII, she
experimented with Filipino cooking and created Darak, rice cakes containing
vitamin B-1, which prevents beriberi disease, and Soyalac, a beverage full of
nutrients produced from soybeans. She also helped thousands of Americans,
Filipinos, and other nations enter incarceration facilities administered by the
Japanese. She introduced banana ketchup to the general public for the first
time.

Orosa fought with Marking's Guerrillas during World War II to free the Philippines. She developed over
700 recipes over the course of her life, including Soyalac and Darak, which helped countless people
survive World War II.

Banana ketchup (or banana sauce) is a popular Philippine fruit ketchup

condiment made from banana, sugar, vinegar, and spices. Its natural color is
brownish-yellow but it is often dyed red to resemble tomato ketchup. Banana
ketchup was first produced in the Philippines during World War II due to a
wartime shortage of tomatoes but a comparatively high production of bananas.

Ramon Barba
Born in San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte on August 31, 1939, Ramon
Cabanos Barba was a horticulturist and is the reason why we have
mangoes to eat every season rather than waiting all year.

He graduated from the University of the Philippines Los Banos with

a BS in Agriculture Born majoring in Agronomy and fruit
production. He furthered his education in the University of Georgia
and graduated with a Masters in Horticulture in 1962 and took his
PhD in Plant Physiology in University of Hawaii at Manoa.

His research focused on inducing flowering of mangoes out of season

(April- May) using potassium nitrate. This lead to fruiting several times a
year without harming the plants. Ramon Barba developed a simple
method for inducing early flowering in mango plants. His invention,
widely used today, revolutionized the Philippine mango industry, making
the crop one of the country's top export earners.
 ii. Foreign Scientists

Galileo Galilei
Galileo was born in Pisa, Tuscany, on February 15, 1564, the oldest son
of Vincenzo Galilei, a musician who made important contributions to the
theory and practice of music and who may have performed some
experiments with Galileo in 1588–89 on the relationship
between pitch and the tension of strings. The family moved
to Florence in the early 1570s, where the Galilei family had lived for
generations. In his middle teens Galileo attended the monastery school
at Vallombrosa, near Florence, and then in 1581 matriculated at the
University of Pisa, where he was to study medicine. However, he became
enamoured with mathematics and decided to make the mathematical
subjects and philosophy his profession, against the protests of his father. Galileo then began to prepare
himself to teach Aristotelian philosophy and mathematics, and several of his lectures have survived. In
1585 Galileo left the university without having obtained a degree, and for several years he gave private
lessons in the mathematical subjects in Florence and Siena. 

Galileo invented one of the first ever thermometers in 1593. It was

compromised of various objects submerged in water and contained in a glass
cylinder. Each object had a different weight and would react to any fluctuations
in the temperature by rising to the top or sinking to the bottom of the container.
He was also a very wise and talented mathematician.

Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur, (born December 27, 1822, Dole, France—died September 28, 1895,
Saint-Cloud), French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most
important founders of medical microbiology. Pasteur’s contributions
to science, technology, and medicine are nearly without precedent. He pioneered
the study of molecular asymmetry; discovered that microorganisms
cause fermentation and disease; originated the process of pasteurization; saved
the beer, wine, and silk industries in France; and
developed vaccines against anthrax and rabies.

Pasteur’s academic positions were numerous, and his scientific accomplishments earned
him France’s highest decoration, the Legion of Honour, as well as election to the Académie des
Sciences and many other distinctions.
He created the first ever vaccine for rabies and anthrax as well as making the
discovery that a deactivated virus could in fact strengthen the body if it were to
be exposed to it.

Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell, born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2,
1922) was a Scottish- born inventor, scientist and engineer who is credited
with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded
the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885.

Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work
on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf;
profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech
further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually
culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone, on
March 7, 1876. Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as
a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.

The first telephone had two parts: a transmitter and a

receiver. The transmitter comprised three parts—a drumlike
device (a cylinder with a covered end), a needle, and a
battery. The covered end of the drumlike device was
attached to the needle.

Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton, (born Jan. 4, 1643, Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, Eng.—died
March 31, 1727, London), English physicist and mathematician. The son of a
yeoman, he was raised by his grandmother. He was educated at Cambridge
University (1661–65), where he discovered the work of René Descartes. His
experiments passing sunlight through a prism led to the discovery of the
heterogeneous, corpuscular nature of white light and laid the foundation of
physical optics. He built the first reflecting telescope in 1668 and became a
professor of mathematics at Cambridge in 1669. He worked out the fundamentals of calculus, though
this work went unpublished for more than 30 years. His most famous publication, Principia Mathematica
(1687), grew out of correspondence with Edmond Halley.

Reflecting scope Newton was born into an age of lackluster

telescopes. Even the better models used a set of glass lenses to
magnify an image. Through his experiments with colors,
Newton knew the lenses refracted different colors at different
angles, creating a fuzzy image for the viewer.

As an improvement, Newton proposed the use of reflecting

mirrors rather than refracting lenses. A large mirror would
capture the image, then a smaller mirror would bounce it into the viewer's eye. Not only does this
method produce a clearer image, it also allows for a much smaller telescope.

Granted, a Scottish mathematician proposed the idea of a reflecting telescope first, but Newton was the
guy who actually mustered the energy to build one. Grinding the mirrors himself, Newton assembled a
prototype and presented it to the Royal Society in 1670. Merely 6 inches (15 centimeters) long, the
device eliminated color refraction and boasted 40x magnification.

Albert Einstien
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born
theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and
most influential physicists of all time. Best known for developing the
theory of relativity, he also made important contributions to the
development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and
quantum mechanics are the two pillars of modern physicsHis mass–
energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory,
has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". His work is also
known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the
1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and
especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of
quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in "Einstein" becoming
synonymous with "genius". Einsteinium, one of the synthetic elements in the periodic table, was named
in his honor.

Quantum Theory: The quantum theory of light was proposed by Einstein, It

states that light travels in bundles of energy, and each bundle is known as a
photon. Each photon carries a quantity of energy equal to the product of the
frequency of vibration of that photon and Planck's constant. 
Sources

 https://www.kollectivehustle.com/blog/remarkable-filipino-scientists-and-their-inventions-you-
need-to-know
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_ketchup
 https://science.blurtit.com/1006510/who-are-the-foreign-scientist-and-their-contribution
 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Galileo-Galilei#ref8439
 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-Pasteur
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell
 Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, April 29). Sir Isaac Newton summary. Encyclopedia
Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Isaac-Newton
 https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/famous-inventors/5-isaac-newton-
inventions.htm
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein