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Kumayza 2022 IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 1114 012024
Kumayza 2022 IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 1114 012024
1. Introduction
The current uncertainty of life according to Giddens [1] is caused by Manufacture risk (MR). MR is
caused by human efforts to develop science and technology in order to increase their control over
natural history. MR can be said to be a human action to exploit nature. According to Giddens [2],
science will offer security, even certainty for individuals and political authorities, but science,
technology and industry have raised risks of high consequences that cannot be controlled by humans.
Ulrich Beck [3] refers to a type of industrial society as a risk society. Risk society according to Beck is
the increasing risk to society stems from the progress of the industry itself. Furthermore, Beck [4]
explains that the risk society causes a loss of trust in science and experts due to several factors:
The language of science and technology excludes the public and further alienates them from
decision-making;
There is a growing reliance on science and technology that presents risks to a global
environment over which individuals have no control;
Scientific predictions and expert opinion are often proven wrong.
Global environmental risks strike anyone regardless of each person's relative wealth.
East Kalimantan Province is the largest source of coal in Indonesia based on the Master Plan for
the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia's Economic Development (MP3EI) 2011-2025 [5]. East
Kalimantan has 58 mining concession permits. Permits in the form of mining business permits by local
governments and work agreements (PKP2B) by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources [6].
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
9th International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114 (2022) 012024 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012024
Kutai Kartanegara Regency has the most coal mining business license issuance in 2017 [7]. Coal
mining has great risks to the environment in the form of landslides, floods, former mining pits,
relocation of settlements, and losses of trillions of rupiah [8]. Environmental impact assessment
(EIA)/Amdal as an environmental decision-making instrument based on Law No. 32 of 2009 and
amended through Law 11 of 2020. EIA according to Weston [9] was developed and introduced in the
1960s and is dominated by three major social influences. The first is the demand for modern
environmental care, the second is the demand for more rational, scientific and objective environmental
decision-making, and the third is the demand for public participation in environmental decision-
making. The legitimacy of EIA at that time was based on the fulfillment of these three demands, but
now respect for experts and trust in science are decreasing in the risk society. The legitimacy of the
EIA is increasingly being questioned against MR. This survey aims to explore the opinion of rural
stakeholders at the coal mining village regarding their trust in EIA. Furthermore, the opinion of the
expert group will evaluate the EIA in accordance with the context of the risk society.
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9th International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114 (2022) 012024 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012024
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9th International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114 (2022) 012024 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012024
implementation of EIA has not met their expectations. The hope is in the form of social demands for
environmental care as a space for life safety.
The head of Jembayan Tengah village stated that the EIA for coal mining was only a formality.
EIA is only made to obtain mining permits procedurally. Several other village heads stated that the
EIA did not help much to protect the natural damage caused by coal mining activities in their village.
The village government has been involved in the study of mining EIA located in their village,
although they think the language of EIA is too complex and complicated to understand. In the end,
they think EIA is only for mining projects rather than environmental safety.
Stakeholder statements from coal mining villages in Kutai Kartanegara show a crisis of confidence
in the EIA. EIA should be able to eliminate public fear of the risks of mining activities. Their
statement through three key explanations. First, EIA is widely used for the benefit of mining projects,
secondly, the language of EIA is difficult to understand, and thirdly, predictions in EIA are often not
proven. Lack of trust in coal mining EIA is a common theme. consultants who are members of the
Association of Indonesian mining experts (PERHAPI) provide a response to the attitude of the
community.
3.4. The information in the mining EIA/Amdal document is too technical and complex, so it is difficult
for the public to understand
The Consultants believe that the EIA document is a scientific study and has guidelines based on
applicable regulations. Even though the impact prediction is made technically, the EIA is a public
document that anyone can access. Some consultants suggest improving the standard structure of the
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9th International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114 (2022) 012024 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012024
EIA document so that it can be easily understood by the public. According to them, "technical
discussions are still necessary, but the context of the language is easy to understand by the public".
4. Conclusion
Studies linking coal mining EIA processes and procedures to the nature of the community in coal
mining villages are very relevant and help advance the legitimacy model of coal mining EIA in the
future. This study will offer a risk society-based environmental policy. A study on risk society shows
that public trust is the main thing in the EIA for coal mining. Public trust in EIA has decreased
considerably. This opinion occurs in coal mining villages in Kutai Kartanegara district. 6 coal mining
villages that have experienced the risk expressed doubts by 67% of the EIA. Trust decreases because
predictions on EIA are often not proven. Some mining expert groups rely on the development of
scientific methods to predict mining impacts. A fundamental rethink is needed for the progress of the
EIA for coal mining. The Risk Society which lacks faith in science and the group of experts on EIA
development certainly does not stick to the rationalist model to increase public trust. The main social
demands in the 6 villages are environmental awareness as a safe space and their involvement in
environmental decision-making. Various efforts to build public trust have been proposed by expert
groups. The expert group suggested the involvement of groups against the project, environmentalists,
and affected communities in the making of the EIA. The next suggestion is for the government's
supervision of the EIA implementer responsibly.
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9th International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1114 (2022) 012024 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1114/1/012024
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