Riesgos de Año de

N° Título Autor País

programa publicación
Evaluation and selection Usama H. Issaa, Salah Arabia
1 of construction projects A.A. Mosaadc, M. Salah Saudita, 55 2020
based on risk analysis Hassand Egipto

Hybrid risk analysis model Citra S. Ongkowijoyo,

2 for analyzing the urban Hemanta Doloi, Argaw Australia 30 2020
infrastructure risk Tarekegn Gurmu

Methodology for the

mitigation of risks in the
3 improvement of tertiary Sebastián S. Estrada Colombia 29 2020
roads in Cundinamarca,
Colombia

Guillermo Mejía, Omar

Delay causes in road
Sánchez, Karen
4 infrastructure projects in Castañeda, Eugenio Colombia 41 2019
developing countries
Pellicer

Risk management in road Anmol Okate,Dr. Vijay

5 contruction projects: India 31 2019
Kakade
High-volume roads

Methodology for risk

distribution in fifth
6 generation road PhD Jeane F. Gálvez Colombia 27 2018
concession projects in
Colombia

Causes of Delays in Bright Aforla, Anthony

7 Highway Construction Woode, David Kwame Ghana 38 2016
Projects in Ghana Amoah
Exploring delay causes of Remon F. Aziz , Asmaa
8 road construction projects Egipto 40 2016
A. Abdel-Hakam
in Egypt

Analysis of Risk Factors Mahmoud Mohamed

9 for Highway Construction Mahmoud Sharaf, Egipto 73 2015
Projects in Egypt Hassan T. Abdelwahab

Risk Identification and

Assessment in PPP
Infrastructure Projects Jie Li, Patrick X.W. Zou China,
10 44 2012
using Fuzzy Analytical Australia
Hierarchy Process and
Life-Cycle Methodology
408
Riesgos
1 2 3
Problems with technology
1 Mal estado de las máquinas
implementation

Shortage of transportation
2 tools to supply the duct Costos elevados de alquiler

Duct delivered without

Desgaste acelerado en piezas y
3 proper identifications and
lubricantes
delivery notes

Wrong selection of
4 Robo de maquinaria
dampers and plenum boxes

Use of poor-quality sealant, Baja capacidad técnica y

5
gasket, and adhesive cognitiva de mano de obra

No existencia de personal
Incorrect assembly
6 between two duct pieces calificada en la zona de
ejecución del proyecto

Inappropriate light and

Mala compactación y
7 ventilation during duct
desprendimiento de material
insulation

Insulating and assembling

Altos costos en precio de
8 the duct far away from the
materiales por alta demanda
installation area

Not using adhesive before

9 insulating the duct Baja calidad de materiales

Weak connection between Demoras en despacho de

10
two duct pieces materiales

Absence of duct fabrication

11 workshop at the site Risk Poca opción de financiamiento
Code

Lack of space that can be

12 used as a workshop at the Opción de financiamiento
site
 Losses due to failure of Llega a destiempo de insumos
13
hydro test para las actividades

Llegada de materiales de
14 Unsafe handling of the pipe
manera incompleta

Using anticorrosive paint of Mal cálculo en cuantías de

15
bad quality insumos

Installation of angle Llegada en mal estado del

16
supports without coating pedido

Weak connection/ joints

(threaded/ groove/ welded Corte y figurado de manera
17
etc.) between two chilled inapropiada a los planos
water pipe pieces

Poor selection of valves

18 that might cause more Desgaste de herramienta de
corte
damage

Not providing air vents on

19 Alto desperdicio
CHW pipe circuit
Wrong selections that
Mala calidad de material de
20 might cause future
tablas
rectification

Unsafe handling of the

21 Mal estado de la máquina
equipment

Lack of direction
Daño mecánico de la
22 connections (right or left)
for the equipment mezcladora

Escasez de combustible para el

23 Insufficient scaffolding
funcionamiento

Power/Chilled/Duct
Dosificación de concreto que no
24 connection might not
sea la correcta
match with the equipment

Common Risk Factors El acero de refuerzo no está

25
applied for all activities ubicado de manera correcta
 Complicated process for
Mal almacenamiento del
26 the technical submittals
material (cemento)
approval

Logistic difficulties in
shifting the ducts, pipes,
27 Clima inapropiado para fundir
and equipment to the
storage area on the site

Lack of storage space for

Fisuras considerables en la
28 ducts, pipes, and
placa de concreto
equipment at the site RF40

Abnormal floor height that

29 might require special Accidente laboral
scaffolding RF43
Concrete slab type that
30 might affect the anchoring
type
Using inappropriate
31
surveying devices
Installation without
32 following the standard
procedure RF48
Wrong work procedure
33 between different
disciplines

Openings missing in the

concrete and wall for
34
horizontal and vertical
penetration

35 Lack of specialized laborers

Shortage of power supply

36
for machine’s operation

37 Poor safety regulations

Extreme weather
38
conditions
Inappropriate storage of
39 the duct, which might
cause damage to the
Poor protection of the duct
40
after installation
Absence of duct sealant for
41
duct joints
42 Unsafe handling of the duct

Absence of gasket between

43
flange connection

Selecting fittings that might

44 not be compatible with the
pipe

Difficult and complicated

45
duct testing

Using an un-calibrated
46
pressure gauge
Lack of water supply and
47
drainage for testing RF28
Inappropriate insulation
48 methods
Equipment sizes clash with
49
provided spaces
Inappropriate fixing
50
methods
Lack of accurately sized
51 connecting material
/equipment (valves/
Complicated delivery and
52 inspection procedures
Complicated inspection
53
procedure
Using inappropriate tools
54 or shortage of the tools for
installation
Poor-quality concrete
55
surface
Poor-quality shop and
56
coordination drawings
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
 Articulos
4 5 6
Inadequate and/or unclear Sobrecostos derivados de
Payment delays to contractor
details in drawings mayor cantidad de obras

Financial difficulties of No disponibilidad de materiales

contractor Poor Coordination y equipos

Responsabilidad por idoneidad

Improper construction
Financial difficulties of owner de las obras y el material
methods/ quality control
rodante

Lack of owner’s management Sobrecostos derivados de los

Inefficient planning
skills estudios y diseños

Inadequate contractor's Sobrecostos por ajustes en

Delay in mobilization
experience diseños

Insufficient data collection and Sobrecostos en diseños por

Poor contract management survey before the design decisiones del contratista

Demoras en la disponibilidad de
Use of primitive/ obselete predios derivados de
Unrealistic contract duration
design technology actividades de gestión predial.
Privado

Sobrecostos por adquisición

Claims and disputes with Unexpected underground (incluyendo expropiación) y
stakeholders utilities compensaciones
socioeconómicas

Poor communication with Demoras en la obtención de las

stakeholders Unforeseen soil conditions licencias o permisos

Sobrecostos por
Change orders due to the
Inadequate safety measures compensaciones socio-
owner
ambientales

Sobrecostos por obras

adicionales como consecuencia
Scope changes due to the
Inadequate construction quality del trámite de licencias
owner
ambientales por razones no
imputables al concesionario

Poor site management and No obtención del cierre

Late decision making by owner
supervision by the contractor financiero

Late decision making by
consultants
Project scope changes
Land acquisition
Inadequate project planning
Lack of project planning
Inadequate bidding method
Poor site investigation
Delayed activities
Inadequate construction
methods
Poor site management and
supervision
Delay of site mobilization
Late permits by local authorities
Economy issues
Alteración de las condiciones de
financiación y/o costos de la
liquidez que resulten de la
Delay in payments
variación en las variables del
mercado o condiciones del
proyecto
Insuficiencia de recursos para el
pago de la interventoría por
Conflicts in contract documents
razones no atribuibles al
contratista
Owner Bankruptcy Falta de financiación de la obras
Mayores cantidades de obra
Designer leaving the project
para actividades de operación y
midway
mantenimiento
Variación de precios de los
insumos para actividades de
operación y mantenimiento y
Lack of coordinating ability and mayores costos de operación y
rapport of project manager with mantenimiento que los
proyectados por el
concesionario
other contractors at site Cambio en la ubicación de obras
Lack of leadership quality of Compensaciones por nuevas
project manager tarifas diferenciales. Público
Sobrecostos en la adquisición
Lack of effective monitoring and predial ocasionados por eventos
feedback by project manager eximentes de
responsabilidad/fuerza mayor
Sobrecostos por interferencia
de redes en el corredor,
Frequent change of
considerada como evento
subcontractors/vendors eximente de responsabilidad /
fuerza mayor
Inadequate/unclear definition Ofertas artificialmente bajas o
of project scope inexistencia de ofertas
Delay in handing over the site to
Colusión
contractor
Riesgo de que no se firme el
Adverse weather conditions
contrato
Riesgo de que no se presenten
las garantías requeridas en los
Criminal acts
documentos de contratación o
que su presentación sea tardía
 Riesgos asociados al
incumplimiento de la
Political situation Cultural differences
publicación o el registro
presupuestal del contrato

Riesgos asociados a los

reclamos de terceros sobre la
Unethical activities Bribes selección del oferente que
retrasen el perfeccionamiento
del contrato

Weather Labour disputes and strikes

Price variation of materials Theft

Delay of material supply by

Shortage of equipment suppliers

Shortage of materials Equipment breakdown

Late approval of shop drawings

and sample materials

Delays of design

Design changes

Failures in design

Project size

Ground conditions

Relocation of underground
utilities

Low labor productivity

Shortage of labor

Staffing problems
 7 8 9
Delay in honouring payment
Weather conditions Earthquake
certificates

Equipment failure or Shortage (availability) in

breakdown construction materials Flood

Shortages of materials on site or Slowness of the owner decision

Force majeure Fire
market making process

Poor site management and

Poor site management Tornado
supervision by contractor

Late delivery of materials on

Shortage of labor War
site

Accidents/mistakes during
Improper construction methods construction Revolution

Poor design Slow delivery of materials Sponsor bankrupt

Foundations conditions
Construction methods Political changes
encountered on site

Underestimation of costs of Shortage in

projects equipment/insufficient numbers Economic crisis

Financing by contractor during

Poor supervision Economical Market inflation
construction

Preparation and approval of

Relocation of utilities Variation rate of exchange
shop drawings, samples

Underestimation of complexity Inadequate contractor

Taxation risk
of projects experience causing error
 Insufficient communication
between parties
Legal disputes
Lack of programme of works
Underestimation of time of
completion
Mistakes in soil investigations
Shortage of skilled labour
Client initiated variations
Fluctuations in prices
Bad weather conditions
Poor professional management
Delays in obtaining permit from
municipality
Necessary variations
Delay by subcontractors
Low productivity level work Raw material prices
Obtaining permits from
Time of payments
municipality (government)
Ineffective planning and
scheduling of project by Advance payment
contractor
Delays in contractors progress Project finance Project
payment by owner time extension
Unrealistic (unreasonable)
contract time (duration) & Procurement plan
requirements imposed
Owner financial problems/client
finance/economic ability for the Material procurement
project
Change orders by owner during
Safety regulation
construction (variation)
Legal/industrial disputes
Standards and Quality
between various parties in the
assurance
construction project
Fraudulent practices regulation Quality control
Delay in honoring payment
Not applying cost control
certificates
Global financial crisis Delay in making decision
Late payment to subcontractor
Sponsor Interference
by the main contractor
Issues regarding client approval Work permits
 Improper selection of
Unskilled equipment operators Short contract duration
subsequent consultants

Effect of cultural factors on Frequent change of client

Road alignment
Right of Way managers

Non-adherence of material
acquisition Design error
specifications provided by client

Discrepancy between design Low ability of contractor to

Traffic flow
specification and provide imported material

Design Alignment
highway code Absenteeism of laborers availability

Delay in instructions from

Staffing problems Change in design
consultants

Disagreement on design
Unfavourable site conditions Scope vagueness
specifications

Effect of social factors on Right

Geological problems on site Shortage of information
of Way

acquisition Disturbance to public activity Improper feasibility study

Difficulties in assessing credit Previous working relationships Subcontractor bankrupt

of consultant

Subcontractors
Accidents during construction Unrealistic contract price
Subcontractor quality

Shortage of unskilled labour Delay in finalization of rates for Subcontractor delay

extra items

Public holidays Hurricane Subcontractors

Public holidays Condition

No planning before project

Availability
starts

Equipment Storage
 Maintenance

Mobilization

Site facilities

Site location Site security

Site mobilization

Land acquisition

Staff training

Staff availability

Change in organization

Staff teamwork

Staff experience

Project staff Manager

experience

Project management plan

Consultant experience

Contractor experience
Subcontractor experience
Communication plan
Environmental factors
Environmental Subsurface
conditions
and Geotechnical survey
geotechnical Dewatering
In-accurate survey
Contract terms
Delay in approvals
Conflicts
 Productivity
Construction Defective work
Failure of work
Changing need
Rework
Project delay
Claims
 10
Environmental pollution

Risk of not-permit/ approval

Land acquisition and

compensation problems

Public opposition

Pre-investment risk

Exclusivity, (i.e. not providing

second facility

Level of demand for project

Political opposition/hostility

Poor public decision-making

process

Interest rate volatility

Inflation rate volatility

Legislation change
 Low financial attraction of
project to investors

High finance costs

Poor financial market

Design deficiency

Too many design changes

Unproven engineering
techniques

Construction cost overrun

Delay completion

Difficulties in land acquisition

and compensation

Non-reliability and
creditworthiness of local
parties
Construction force majeure
events

Poor quality workmanship

Excessive contract variation

non-availability of material /
Labour

Insolvency / default of
subcontractor or suppliers

Bad weather

Poor Geotechnical conditions

Operation revenues below

expectation

Fluctuating market demand

Operation / maintenance cost

overrun

Lack of reliability and

creditworthiness of local
parties

Low productivity during

operation

Technology risk

public opposition because of

high product/service
price/fees

Operator’s inability

Exclusivity, (i.e. not second

facility)

Political force majeure events

Debt risk

Expropriation, revoke,
sequestration of assets
Prolonged downtime during
operation

low residual value

Transmission failure
N° Riesgo ArtÍculos que lo mencionan
1 Desastres naturales 2, 9
Situaciones de orden
2 5, 9
público/paros

3 Dificultades financieras 1,2,3, 4,5,6, 7, 8,9, 10

4 Situaciones políticas adversas 2,4,9, 10

Inflación y variaciones de
5 2,3,4,6,7,9,10
precios.
Cambios en legislación
6 2,9,10
tributaria
7 Retraso de pagos 4,5, 7, 8,9
Escasez de materiales y
8 1,3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10
suministros
Falta de planificación y control
9 de costos 3,4, 7, 9

Retraso en la toma de
10 decisiones 4, 9

Retraso en la adquisición de
11 4,6, 7, 8, 9, 10
permisos y licencias.
Diseños y estudios ineficientes
12 1, 4,5,7, 9
o incompletos
Inconvenientes en la
13 4, 6,7, 9,10
adquisición de predios
Indisponibilidad de servicios en
14 1, 2
el sitio
Escasez o partida de mano de
15 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9,10
obra especializada

16 Huelgas y conflictos laborales 4, 5, 8, 9

17 Condiciones inesperadas del 4,5, 8, 9, 10

terreno
18 Fallas en los equipos 1, 2, 3, 5, 7

No implementación de un plan
19 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8, 9,10
adecuado de control de calidad

Dificultades logísticas para

20 1,3,4, 5,9
ingresar al sitio
21 Accidentes laborales 1, 3, 7, 8
Retrasos en la aprobación de
22 estudios y diseños 1, 4, 8

Procedimientos inadecuados de
23 trabajo entre diferentes 1,4,5,6,8
disciplinas

24 Condiciones climáticas adversas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,7, 8, 9, 10

 Retrasos en procedimientos de
25 1,3,4,5
inspección

26 Daños o impactos ambientales 2, 9, 10

27 Oposición de comunidades 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10

28 Daños en obra por vandalismo 2, 5

Variaciones en financiamiento,
29 tasas de cambio, tasas de 2.9
créditos

30 Hurto de equipos, materias 3, 5, 10

primas, etc
Desacuerdos/disputas legales
31 4, 7, 8
entre las partes interesadas
Mala comunicación entre las
32 4, 5, 7
partes interesadas

33 Problemas contractuales 4, 5,6, 8

Falta de supervisión y gestión

34 4, 5, 7, 8
en la obra

35 Baja productividad laboral 4, 8, 9, 10

Planeación y programación
36 ineficiente de las actividades 4,5, 7, 8
del proyecto
Uso de tecnología inapropiada
37 u obsoleta 1, 5, 9, 10

Modificaciones en las
38 especificaciones técnicas y 1,2,3,4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10
alcance del proyecto
Cambios de subcontratistas/
39 5, 8
proveedores
Retraso en entrega de material
40 1,3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, 10
y equipos
 Condiciones climáticas adversas 10
Falta de un plan adecuado de control
10
de calidad

Modificaciones en las especificaciones

técnicas y alcance del proyecto 10

Pocas opciones de financiamiento 10

Retraso en entrega de material y
10
equipos

Escasez de materiales y suministros 10

Inflación y variaciones de precios. 7
Escasez o partida de mano de obra
7
especializada

Retraso de pagos 6

Procedimientos inadecuados de trabajo

entre diferentes disciplinas 6

Oposición de comunidades 6

Retraso en la adquisición de permisos y

6
licencias.
Planeación y programación ineficiente
5
de las actividades del proyecto
Uso de tecnología inapropiada u
5
obsoleta
Diseños y estudios ineficientes o
5
incompletos
Inconvenientes en la adquisición de 5
predios
Condiciones inesperadas del terreno 5

Fallas en los equipos 5

Dificultades logísticas para ingresar al

5
sitio
Situaciones políticas adversas 5
Huelgas y conflictos laborales 4

Cambios en legislación tributaria 4

Falta de planificación y control de

4
costos
 Retrasos en procedimientos de
4
inspección

Accidentes laborales 4

Retrasos en la aprobación de estudios y

4
diseños

Problemas contractuales 4

Falta de supervisión y gestión en la obra 4

Baja productividad laboral 4

Daños o impactos ambientales 3

Variaciones en financiamiento, tasas de

3
cambio, tasas de créditos
Desacuerdos/disputas legales entre las
3
partes interesadas
Mala comunicación entre las partes
3
interesadas

Indisponibilidad de servicios en el sitio 3

Situaciones de orden público/paros 2

Cambios de subcontratistas/
proveedores 2

Retraso en la toma de decisiones 2

Daños en obra por vandalismo 2

Desastres naturales 2