A MAJOR PROJECT REPORT ON

STABILIZATION OF SOIL BY ADDITION OF FLY ASH

A major project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the
degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted

By

M.KIRAN REDDY 19S11A0161

M.RAJU 19S11A0171

S.BHAVAN KUMAR 19S11A0155

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mrs.G.NVVSSL SHILPA DEVI

Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MALLA REDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES

NAAC with “A”Grade, Approved by AICTE, Affiliated To JNTUH,Hyderabad,

An ISO 9001:2015 Certified, Granted status of 2(f) and 12(b) under UGC Act.

Govt. of India, Maisammaguda,Hyderabad-500100

MAISAMMAGUDA, DHULAPALLY, SECUNDERABAD-500100

2019-2023
 MALLAREDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Major project report entitled “STABILIZATION OF SOIL BY
ADDITION OF FLY ASH” M.KIRAN REDDY(19S11A0161),M.RAJU(19S11A0171) and
S.BHAVAN KUMAR(19S11A0155) in partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Civil Engineering during the academic year 2022-2023.
Certified further, to the best of our knowledge, the work reported here is not a part of any
other project on the basis of which a degree or an award has been given on an earlier occasion
to any other candidate. The results have been verified and found to be satisfactory.

.
Internal Guide Head of the Department
Mrs.G.NVVSSL SHILPA DEVI Mr. GOVINDARAJU ANAND
Assistant Professor Professor

External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our whole hearted gratitude to Dr. K. RAVINDRA principal, Mallareddy

Institute of Technology And Science for providing us the conducive environment for carrying
out our academic schedules and project with ease.

We sincere thanks to Dr. GOVINDARAJU ANAND, Professor and Head,

Department of Civil Engineering, Mallareddy Institute of technology and science for providing
his seamless support and knowledge during our Bachelor of Technology Course period and
also for providing right suggestions at every stage of development of our project

We are very much thankful and greatly indebted to our internal guide Mrs.G.NVVSSL
SHILPA DEVI, Assistant Professor, for her guidance and encouragement throughout the
preparation and completion of this project.

Also, we sincerely thank our beloved parents, friends and well-wishers for their
prayers and support which helped in completing this major project successfully.

Above all we bow our head before God almighty whose blessing and grace us through
the project

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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that major project work which is being presented in this project titled
“STABILIZATION OF SOIL BY ADDITION OF FLY ASH” for partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of Degree BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL
ENGINEERING submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University,Hyderabad is an
authentication record of my original work carried under the guidance of Mrs.G.NVVSSL
SHILPA DEVI, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Department in Malla Reddy Institute
Of Technology And Science.

BATCH MEMBERS

M.KIRAN REDDY 19S11A0161

M.RAJU 19S11A0171

S.BHAVAN KUMAR 19S11A0155

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 ABSTRACT

India is a developing country and day by day new construction methods or techniques are
introducing for more safety, stability and economic. The soil has a adequate strength to bear or
resist all the loads coming from the structure, if not then the structure may collapse. To
overcome the problem, we use the admixture to increase the strength of soil, fly ash is one of
them.

The aim of the project is to increase the soil stability by using fly ash material which by
product obtain from burning the pulverized coal in electric power generating plants which
consists of particulates in order to increase the engineering properties of soil such as
permeability, compressibility and shear strength by conducting the several test on soil.

Fly ash is a environment friendly material because it is a by product and has low embodied
energy. More than 120 millions tone of fly ash is generating annually and this production rate
may increase annually.

The results obtained have been indicated and found that fly ash material can be used as a soil
stabilizer.

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No DESCRIPTION Page No.

Figure 1.1 Shows Different types of Soil 4

Figure 1.2 Red Soil 5

Figure 3.1 Fly Ash 15

Figure 3.2 Casagrande’s liquid limit device 19

Figure 3.3 Soil Stabilization 22

Figure 3.4 Cement, Fly Ash 28

Figure 3.5 Mechanical Vibrator 32

Figure 3.6 Fly Ash 33

Figure 4.1 Graph between Moisture content And

Number of Blow For 0% of Fly Ash. 36

Figure 4.2 Graph between Moisture content And

Number of Blows For 3% of Fly Ash. 37

Figure 4.3 Graph between Moisture content And

Number of Blows For 6% of Fly Ash. 38

Figure 4.4 Graph between Moisture content And

Number of Blows For 9% of Fly Ash. 39

Figure 4.5 Graph between percentages of fly ash

And Water content. 40

Figure 4.6 Graph between moisture content and

Fly ash percentage added to the soil. 41

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 LIST OF TABLES
Table No DESCRIPTION Page No
Table 3.1 Specific gravity of different types of soil 14
Table 3.2 Plasticity characteristics 14
Table 3.3 Chemical composition of fly ash 16
Table 3.4 Grain size distribution 30
Table 3.5 The standard values for penetration readings 34
Table 4.1 Liquid limit test of soil with zero % fly ash 36
Table 4.2 Liquid limit test of soil with 3% fly ash 37
Table 4.3 Liquid limit test of soil with 6% fly ash 38
Table 4.4 Liquid limit test of soil with 9% fly ash 39
Table 4.5 Plastic limit of soil with different proportions 41
Table 4.6 Standard proctor test of soil with zero % of fly ash 42
Table 4.7 Standard proctor test of soil with 3% of fly ash 43
Table 4.8 Standard proctor test of soil with 6% of fly ash 43
Table 4.9 Standard proctor test of soil with 9% of fly ash 44
Table 4.10 Grain size analysis 44
Table 4.11 Specific gravity of soil 45
Table 4.12 CBR test observations with zero % of fly ash 45
Table 4.13 CBR test soil with 3% of fly ash 46
Table 4.14 CBR test soil with 6% of fly ash 46
Table 4.15 CBR test soil with 9% of fly ash 47
Table 4.16 Cost analysis table 47

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 CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE.NO
COVER PAGE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I
DECLARATION II
ABSTRACT III
LIST OF FIGURES VI
LIST OF TABLES VII
ABBREVATIONS VIII
CHAPTER-1 : INTRODUCTION 1-7
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Importance Functions of Soil 1
1.3 Formation of soil 3
1.4 Types of Soils in India 4
1.5 Bearing Capacity of soil 6
1.6 Objectives of this project 6
1.7 Summary 7
CHAPTER-2: LITERATURE REVIEW 8-12
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Specific Studies 8
2.3 Summary 12
CHAPTER-3: STUDY METHODOLOGY 13-34
3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 Materials used 13
3.3 Fly Ash 15
3.4 Uses of Fly Ash 17
3.5 Brief Steps involved in the experiments 17
3.6 Consistency Limits 18

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3.7 Compaction of Soil 22
3.8 Sieve Size Analysis 28
3.9 Specific Gravity of Soil 30
3.10 California Bearing Ratio 32
3.11 Summary 34
CHAPTER-4: STUDY INTERPRETATION 35-48
4.1 Introduction 35
4.2 Consistency Limits 35
4.3 Compaction test 42
4.4 Sieve Analysis 44
4.5 Specific gravity 45
4.6 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) 45
4.7 Cost Analysis 47
4.8 Summary 48
CHAPTER-5: CONCLUSION 49-51
5.1 Conclusion 49
5.2 Future Scope 49
5.3 Summary 50
REFERENCES 51

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