BEHAVIOR OF GASES:

Investigate the relationship

between volume and pressure
at constant temperature of a
gas.
 PRETEST
1. Scientists have observed some
activities involving gases. Which of
the following is formulated and
explains the behavior of gases?
A. Dalton’s Atomic Theory
B. Lewis’ Theory of Bonding
C. Kinetic Molecular Theory
D. Planck’s Quantum Theory
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE
according to kinetic molecular theory of
gases?
A. The density of gases varies with changes
in temperature and pressure.
B. Gas particles do not move in straight
lines, travel constantly, and in random
directions.
C. Gases diffuse very rapidly that do not
allow two or more gases to mix readily
when combined.
D. Gas particles collide with each other or
with the walls of its container then lose
their kinetic energy
3. The four measurable properties of gases
such as pressure, volume, temperature,
and number of moles are related to each
other. Which of the following statements
was proposed by Robert Boyle?
A. Equal volumes of gases at the same
temperature and pressure contain
equal number of molecules.
B. The pressure of a fixed amount of a
gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature (Kelvin).
C. The volume of a given mass of gas
held at constant temperature is
inversely proportional to its pressure.
4. Boyle’s Law experiment showed that
as the volume decreases, the pressure
increases which pertains to an inverse
relationship. What was used by Robert
Boyle in his experiment?
A. He used a balloon, hot water, and
cold water.
B. He used a J-shaped tube apparatus
which is closed on one end.
C. He used a J-shaped tube apparatus
which is open on the other end.
D. D. He observed that the pressure of a
gas increased or decreased
proportionally with a change in
temperature.
5. A syringe plunger being pressed down to
draw out the fluid causes the volume inside
the syringe to decrease while increasing
the pressure inside. Which among the
choices is an application of Boyle’s law?
A. An inflated balloon shrinks when placed
inside the refrigerator.
B. Bicycle tires become flat during cold
weather because the air inside shrinks.
C. A helium-filled balloon weighs much less
than an identical balloon filled with air.
D. Deep sea fishes die when brought to the
surface due to a decreased pressure.
This results in the increased volume of
gases in their bodies.
 General Properties of Gas
1. Gas has no definite
shape and volume.
Their volume is the
volume of their
container because
they occupy all spaces
available in their
container.
2. They are compressible
when pressure is
exerted, and they also
exert pressure.
 General Properties of Gas

3. Gases expand when

heated and contract
when cooled. The
intermolecular force of
attraction between
their particles is
negligible, thus, they
diffuse easily.
According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory of
gases, a gas has the following characteristics:
1. Gases consist of very tiny particles, each of
which has mass. Gases are most likely empty
space because of a wide distance between
these tiny particles. Thus, gases are highly
compressible and have low density.
2. Gas particles move rapidly in
straight lines, travel constantly, and in
random directions.
3. Gases diffuse rapidly that allows
two or more gases to mix readily
when combined.
4. Gas particles collide with each other or
with the walls of its container but do not
lose their kinetic energy; instead, it is only
transferred to the lower energy particle
and will continue to move. In this manner,
energy is conserved in an elastic collision of
gas particles.
 MEASURABLE PROPERTIES OF GAS
Volume
The volume of a gas is equal to the volume
of its container. This is because the gas
occupies all spaces available in its vessel.
The common units of volume used in gas
measurements are liter (L), milliliter (mL),
cubic meter (m3) and cubic centimeter
(cm3).
Pressure
The pressure of a gas is the force exerted by
the gas molecules on the walls of its
container divided by the surface area of
the container. The Earth’s atmosphere
exerts pressure on us at 1.013 x105 N/m2 or 1
atm (atmosphere). Atmospheric pressure
decreases as altitude increases.
Temperature
The temperature of a gas is the average
kinetic energy of the particles of gas. It is
usually determined using a thermometer. It is
usually expressed in degree Celsius (°C),
degree Fahrenheit (°F) and Kelvin (K).
However, only Kelvin is used in computations
involving temperature of gas. The following
are the useful formulas in converting units of
temperature

°C = (°F -32) / 1.8

°F = 1.8°C + 32
K = °C + 273
 STANDARD CONDITIONS OF A GAS
The standard condition for a gas is also
known as STP or the Standard Temperature
and Pressure. The standard temperature is
0°C or 273K. The standard pressure is the
average pressure of the atmosphere at sea
level which is equal to 1 atm.
This shows the inverse relationship between
the volume and the pressure of a gas in an
enclosed container. As you push the
plunger, you increase the pressure, and the
volume of the gas inside the balloon
decreases. When you pull the plunger, you
decrease the pressure, and so the volume of
the gas inside the balloon increases.
Robert William Boyle proposed Boyle’s
law that explains the relationship
between volume and pressure at
constant temperature.
He used a J-shaped tube apparatus, which
is closed on one end. In his experiment, he
trapped air in the tube with liquid mercury.
Boyle changed the pressure on the gas by
adding mercury to the tube. He found that
the volume of the gas decreased as the
pressure increased.
As he poured
successive amounts
of mercury into the
open end of the
tube, he found out
that the volume of
the trapped air
decreases.

Then he proposed Boyle’s Law, which states

that the volume of a given mass of gas held
at constant temperature is inversely
proportional to its pressure.
 P1V1 = P2V2

where,
P1 = initial pressure;
V1 = initial volume;
P2 = pressure after change; and
V2 = volume after change
Units
pressure = atm (atmospheric pressure)
… torr, mmHg, Pa, bar, psi, etc.
volume = L (liter)
… mL,
If the problem requires you to find the
initial volume.
P1 = 2 atm
P2 = 4.5 atm
V2 = 13L
V1 = ?
P1V1 = P2V2
P1 P1

V1= 29.25 L
volume decreases as pressure
increases
 CONVERSION
pressure
1 atm = 760 mmHg
1 atm = 760 torr
1 atm = 101,325 Pa
1 atm = 14.7 psi
1 atm = 1.01325 bar

1 atm
1237 torr x
760 torr

= 1.628 atm
 Problem #1
A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a pressure of 40.0
mmHg. What is the volume when the pressure is
increased to 60.0 mmHg?
P1V1 = P2V2
P2 P2
= P1V1
P2
(40mmHg) (12.3 L)
=
60 mmHg
= 8. 2 L
Problem #2
500.0 mL of a gas is collected at 745.0 mmHg.
What will the volume be at standard pressure?

P1V1 = P2V2
P2 P2
= P1V1
P2
(745mmHg) (500mL)
=
760 mmHg
= 490.13 mL
 Solve the following:

1. If a gas at 25.0 °C occupies 3.60 liters at a

pressure of 1300 torr, what will be its volume
at a pressure of 2.50 atm?

2. A gas occupies 11200 ml at 860 mmhg.

What is the pressure in psi if the volume
becomes 15.0 L?
You can observe a real-life application of
Boyle's Law when you fill your bike tires with
air. When you pump air into a tire, the gas
molecules inside the tire get compressed
and packed closer together. This increases
the pressure of the gas, and it starts to push
against the walls of the tire.
Another example is a
soda bottle. To get
carbon dioxide gas
into the liquid, the
whole bottle is usually
pressurized with gas. As
long as the bottle is
closed, it is very hard to
squeeze, as the gas is
confined to a small
space and pushes
against the bottle's
walls.
1. Two bulbs of different volumes are separated by
a valve. The valve between the 2.00 L bulb, in
which the gas pressure is 1.00 atm, and the 3.00 L
bulb, in which the gas pressure is 1.50 atm, is
opened. What is the sum of the final pressure in
the two bulbs, given that the temperature is
constant and the same in both bulbs?

2. A gas occupies 4.31 liters at a pressure of 0.755

atm. Determine the volume in milliliters if the
pressure is increased to 1025 torr.
3. A sample of H2 has a volume of 10 liters at a
pressure of 1 atmosphere. If the pressure is raised
to 2 atmospheres what would the volume be?

4. A sample of gas has a volume of 4 liters at a

pressure of 560 kPa. If the pressure is lowered by
245 kPa, what would the volume be?
5. Air in a scuba divers tank takes up a volume of
about 10000 milliliters and is compressed to about
14500 mmHg. If the air were released to the
atmosphere to create a large soap bubble, how
large would the bubble be?

6. A 42.0 L tank of ammonia has a pressure of

1200.7 torr. Calculate the volume of the ammonia if
its pressure has changed to 274.5 kPa while its
temperature remains constant.