石油工程学院石油工程系

Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Analysis of reservoir waterflood

development
 1. Reasonable division of oil and gas reservoir types
and development layers
 2. Division of reservoir development stages
 3. Law of oil and water movement and factors
affecting recovery factor
 4. Oil and water well development design,
production and injection allocation
 5.Geological process and monitoring of waterflood
development
 6.Development dynamic analysis of oil field

 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

一 Development scheme

二 Development mode and water well distribution

method

三
二 Production and injection allocation of oil and water
wells
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

4.1 Development scheme

 The overall development plan of oil and gas fields is formulated
according to the geology and reservoir characteristics of oil and gas
fields, in accordance with development principles and modes, and
at the same time considering the technical conditions of
engineering facilities and processes and the requirements of safety
and environmental protection.
 ODP (Overall development plan)
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Main content
 Development mode
 Well pattern design
 Production and oil
recovery rate Geology
and reservoir
 P r e s s u r e
characteristic
maintenance s
 Surface design
 Data and monitoring
scheme
 Economic evaluation
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

4.2 Development mode and water well

distribution method
4.2.1 Development (Exploitation)
method
 Utilizing natural energy development method ： Traditional way,
less investment, fast production, the use of edge water, bottom water, rock elasticity, dissolved gas,
gas cap, gravity and other natural energy. But the formation pressure drops quickly, the recovery
factor is low, the production is low.

 Artificial water flooding development mode ： Many oilfields in

China use early artificial water flooding to maintain reservoir pressure. High yield, high
recovery.

Gas lift oil production, oil and gas development

 注水方式选择
石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

4.2.2 Water flooding method

 ：
Edge water flooding suitable for small oilfield area, complete
structure, stable oil layer, good physical properties, edge water is
more active medium and small oil fields.

Oil-water
transition

Good permeability, The permeability outside Oil field permeability

outside edge water the edge becomes worse, is poor, inside edge
flooding and water is flooded on water flooding
the edge
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

 ：
Cutting water flooding suitable for oil fields with large area,
rich reserves and stable reservoir properties. The field is artificially
cut into blocks using water flooding wells, each of which can be
considered as an independent development unit.

Top axis cutting water flooding

 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

 Area water flooding ：

suitable for large oil field
with poor permeability,
unstable oil layer
distribution, irregular
shape and high
development speed,
adopted late in
development.

Well patterns used for water drive, secondary

 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Enhanced water flooding system

Production well
Injection well

Straight well Inverted 5 spot

column water
More enhanced cut water flooding
flooding system
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Area water flooding --Enhanced water flooding system

njection Wells Production well

7 spot water flooding

system

9 spot water flooding

system
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

4.2.3 Geological well spacing method for water flooding

development
S p a c i n g
principles
1. Injection wells should be as far as possible in the place
where there are many oil layers and good connectivity, and at
the same time to maximize the number of production wells
affected by the injection wells. When the water absorption of
medium and high permeability layers is high, the water
injection well is selected on the medium and low permeability
layers with relatively uniform interlayer permeability, which is
conducive to uniform waterline advance.
2. Facies zone distribution: f luvial deposits always advance
first along the channel center.
 石油工程学院石油工程系
布井步骤
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Spacing steps

Step 1, the oil sand body is taken as an independent unit to

distribute wells separately.
Step 2, the optimal layout is obtained by superimposing the
layout of single reservoir.
Step 3, make comprehensive adjustments to identify one or
more well pattern plans that are suitable for most oil sand
bodies.
Step 4, compare potential zones and development effects.
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering
Injection wells
Spacing method
High permeability layer
steps

First layer of water Second layer of

flooding water flooding
development well development well
location location
Two layers superposition

Comprehensive adjustment
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

4.3 Production and injection allocation of oil

and water wells
Basic process

1. Taking water injection well as the center, water injection

well group is divided
2. Divide water injection intervals and determine their
properties
3. Oil well production allocation
4. Injection well water allocation
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Ⅰ Taking water injection well as the center, water injection well

group is divided

Taking the injection well as the center, according to the

connection between the injection well and the oil layer of the
surrounding production wells, that is, the oil and water wells
that are connected statically and may react dynamically, are
combined into a unit.

Exploit Inject
Production
and
injection
allocation
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Ⅱ Divide water injection intervals and determine their

properties

1. The thickness of the barrier between the two layers should

not be too small (generally greater than 1.5m);
2. Separate aquifer, no water injection or plugging;
3. The oil and water wells should be mined in different layers
as far as possible so that the oil wells can get better water
injection effect;
4. Dead end zones that are not connected to the surrounding
wells should be separated as much as possible (without water
f looding). In order to facilitate management, the layer division
should not be too fine.
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Water is not injected into unconnected sand bodies

Water injection intervals are greater than 1.5 meters

The aquifer is not flooded

 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Before production and injection allocation, the properties of water flooding layer
should be determined first. According to the physical properties of oil layer
(permeability, thickness), crude oil physical properties (viscosity, relative
density), oil layer distribution and exploitation status (oil production speed,
pressure drop, water absorption, etc.), it can be divided into control layer,
balance layer and strengthening layer. According to the requirement of balanced
exploitation and pressure boundary, different injection-production ratio or
injection intensity is adopted for different strata with different properties.

Properties of water flooding intervals

Current rate of oil Injection-production
Nature of the interval permeability
production ratio
High permeability Greater than
Control layer <1
layer prescribed speed
Medium and high Reach the prescribed
Balance layer About 1
permeable layer speed
Medium and low Less than prescribed
Strengthening layer >1
permeability layer speed
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Ⅲ Oil well production allocation

NV

Total output,
annual output per well, q
daily output per well t
where
N- Single well control reserves, t
;
T - Production days, d;
V- Oil production rate, %;
Q - Theoretical daily production
per well, t/d.
 石油工程学院石油工程系
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum Engineering

Ⅳ Injection well water allocation

• Distribute water according to oil production task of oil well

• Calculate the total water distribution according to the injection-

production ratio required by formation properties

• Stratified water distribution

Exploit Inject