IBALONG FESTIVAL
● It is also identified as the “The Musical Battle Cry of
MAPEH 7 LEARNING REVIEWER
4th Quarter Periodical Examination
Philippine Festivals of Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao
ATI-ATIHAN FESTIVAL
● It is hailed as the “Mother of Philippine Festivals”
by the NCCA.
● This festival is held every 3rd week of January,
honoring the Sto. Nino by the native people of
Kalibo, Aklan.
● The main instruments used for Ati-atihan festival are
snare drums, bass drums, trumpets, xylophones and
gongs.
● The most awaited activity, the Sadsad, happens
during the final day of the celebration. Sadsad means
“dance” in their local dialect. The participants of the
Sadsad paint their bodies black to imitate the Aetas
(Atis).
● The Ati-atihan chant “Hala Bira Pwera Pasma!”
means to continue the dancing and playing while
wishing that they may not get sick from exhaustion or
body overheat.
SINULOG FESTIVAL
● The Sinulog Festival is an annual religious festival
characterized with appealing music, colorful
costumes and props, and street dances in honor of
the Philippines’ most famous historic relic – the
Santo Niño de Cebu.
● The festival is said to attract 1-2 million visitors for the
celebration as well as its famous street dances.
● This week-long celebration is highlighted by the
procession of the replica image in the major streets of
the city, a fluvial procession of the replica in Mactan
Channel.
● The relic was given by the Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan, to Rajah Humabon, a leader of
Cebu, when he arrived in 1521.
● The word "Sinulog” came from the Cebuano word
“Sulog” which means “like the movement of water
currents.” The name is further emphasized with the
forward-backward step characteristic of the dance
steps. The festival is annually celebrated every third
Sunday of January.
● The first Sinulog Parade was orchestrated by David
Odilao Jr., Regional Director of the Ministry of Sports
and Youth Development or MYSD in 1980.
● Pit Senyor is the chant completing devotees’ offering
dance of Sinulog (two steps forward and one step
backward to the rhythmic sounds of a drums or the
movements resembling the water current) in honor of
the miraculous Santo Niño.
the Bicolanos”
● The Ibalong Festival is a non-religious festival
characterized with appealing music, colorful
costumes and props, and street dances based on
Bicolandia’s well-known epic, Ibalong.
● Though most festivals in the country are religious in
nature, the Ibalong Festival has its roots from an epic
of the same name.
● It is celebrated in Legazpi City, Albay and was
predominantly celebrated in August but was moved
to October in 2019.
Ibalong: The Epic
The Ibalong Epic consists of 3 episodes and 3 different
heroes - Baltog, Handyong and Bantong. The fragmented
epic was said to have been transcribed by Padre Jose
Castano, a Franciscan Missionary.
It was then left in the care of a traveling poet known as
Cadugnung, who translated the epic. As of today, 60 out of
the presumed 400 fragments of the epic still exists.
Most duplications of the epic portrayed in the festivals in the
form of street dance centers on 5 distinct acts. The acts
revolve on the accomplishments of the heroes.
1. The Battle with Tandayog, the Wild Boar
- The Tandayog is a monstrous wild boar with
long fangs. It was taken down by the hero
Baltog, who ripped the monsters’ jaw off its
face.
2. The Battle with the TIburons, the Giant Flying
Sharks
- These demonic beings have hardy flesh and
saw-like teeth that can crush rocks. They
were defeated by the hero Handyong, who
killed the beings to extinction.
3. The Search for Oryol, the Shape-Shifting Serpent
- Oryol was a master of stealth, able to
shapeshift into various animals and even to
that of a very beautiful woman. She was the
biggest challenge to the hero Handyong who
tracked and fought her for days on end. She
ended up admiring the hero, offering her
hand, both as an ally in battle and as a
woman.
4. The Great Flood of Unos
- It was the greatest calamity to befall the
kingdom of Ibalon caused by the mad god,
Unos.
5. The Killing of Rabot, the Giant
- He was a fearful giant who terrorized the
kingdom. He was slain by the hero Bantong,
a good friend of Handyong. He beheaded the
fearsome giant in its sleep.
Ibalong: The Musical
Aside from street dances, Ibalong can also include as a
theatrical performance and acapella performance. The music
accompaniment of this play was performed by the Encantada
band (an all-women group) that utilized the fusion of ethnic
and contemporary music.
The music of Ibalong was arranged for acapella was by
Victor R. Buencosejo along with Ramil Chavenia and Raul
Bendian.
KADAYAWAN FESTIVAL
Long time ago, ethnic tribes of Davao would gather every
after a bountiful harvest to give thanks to their divine
protectors particularly their supreme being called “Manama.”
They do this in a form of a ritual called “pahinugod”
In 1970, this annual event of thanksgiving was formally
institutionalized by Mayor Elias B. Lopez, a Bagobo. This
event features Lumads (natives) and Muslim tribes with their
own dances and thanksgiving rituals.
After the People Power Revolution in 1986, “Unlad Proyekto
sa Dabaw” was launched by the government to unite the
people of Davao after turmoils of Martial Law.
Part of the said program was their annual thanksgiving
festival dubbed as “Apo DuWaling” which came from the
famous icons of Davao one of which is the Mt. Apo and the
king of fruit the Durian and the Walingwaling, the famous
queen of orchids.
● In 1988, the then Mayor and formerly president
Rodrigo Duterte renamed the festival into
“Kadayawan.” Its term derived the Mandaya word
madayaw the locals term meaning treasured or
valuable.
● The highlight of the celebration is the street dance
competition called Indak-indak sa Kadalanan.
● Usually, the festival is held every 3rd week of
August in Davao City.
RELIGIOUS NON-RELIGIOUS
FESTIVALS FESTIVAL
Ati-Atihan Festival Kadayawan Festival
Sinulog Festival Ibalong Festival
Kalinlangan Festival Panagbenga Festival
Pahiyas Festival Bangus Festival
Dinagyang Festival Masskara Festival
Philippine Theatrical Forms
Shadow puppetry is an ancient art form that uses flat,
expressed figures to produce cut-out figures which are held
together by sticks and sometimes thread to create movement,
which are shown behind a thin layer of cloth or screen and a
light source to create shadows.
Dance Drama is popular for retelling of famous, national
literatures frequently performed through dance with dialogue
sometimes even singing.
Comedia or Moro-Moro is a theatrical form created by
Spanish priests. It is a theatrical form highlighting the battle
between Christians and Muslims. It also follows the pattern of
a love affair between a Muslim-Filipino prince and a Christian
princess.
Sarswela or Zarzuela is a play with song and dances usually
written in prose, depicting the peculiarity of romantic love
among idealized Filipino characters, also carried through
alternating combinations of song and speech and thus
incorporates vocal ensembles including various types of folk
music and folk dances.
Senakulo is a theater play during season of Lent usually
depicting the stories and events from the Old and New
Testaments related to the life, sufferings and death of Jesus
Christ.
Bodabil is a popular genre of Philippine entertainment. It is a
musical variety show that features a mixture of musical
numbers, comedy and dramatic skits normally staged inside a
theater.
Non-Communicable Diseases
1. Allergy is a misguided reaction to foreign substances
by the immune system.
2. Asthma is a chronic lung disorder that causes
airways (the tubes that carry air into and out of the
lungs) to become inflamed which means they swell
and produce lots of thick mucus.
a. shortness of breath
b. wheezing, coughing
c. chest tightness
3. Cardiovascular disease is the disease of the heart
and blood vessels.
a. Heart (cardio) diseases
i. Congenital heart disease is an
abnormality in the heart’s structure
that you’re born with.
ii. Congestive heart failure is the
inability of the heart to pump blood
with nurmal efficiency.
iii. Arrhythmia is a condition in which
the heart beats with an irregular or
abnormal rhythm.
iv. Myocardial infraction (heart attack)
occurs when the heart muscle tissue
dies from lack of oxygen.
b. Vascular (blood vessel) diseases
i. Arteriosclerosis is a group of
vascular diseases characterized by
thickening and loss of elasticity of
arterial walls.
ii. Hypertension or high blood
pressure occurs when blood
pressure is higher than normal.
iii. Stroke occurs when a clot blocks a
small blood vessel in the brain and
dies from lack of oxygen.
 iv. Aneurysm is an exessive localized
enlargement of an artery.
4. Cancer is caused by abnormal cells growing without
control. As these abnormal cells grow, they form in
masses called tumors. Tumors can either be:
a. Benign - masses of cells that are not
cancerous and do not spread
b. Malignant - masses of cells that are
cancerous
5. Diabetes is a disease that prevents the body from
converting food into energy.
6. Athrithis refers to the inflammation of joints.
7. Kidney or Renal Failure is a medical condition in
which kidneys fail to adequately filter waste produces
from the blood.