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LEC3 Lubrication 2022
LEC3 Lubrication 2022
TRIBOLOGY
LECTURE 3-
LUBRICATION PART
LUBRICANTS (OIL)
Main Reference: Lectures of
Dr. Mohamed Al-Komy.
Types of Lubricant - Physical
• Liquid
• Mineral oil or synthetic oils
• Solid
• Graphite
• Semi solid
• Greases
• Gases
• Air
Types of Industerial Oil
• 1) Engine oils
• 2) Gear oils
• 3) Turbine oils
• 4) Hydraulic oils
• 5) Metal working oils
• 6) Rust preventives oils
Lubricant - Components
• Base oils
• Mineral by-products of crude oil
refining process.
• Base oils are polymer or synthetic
• Additives
• Natural
• Synthetic
Lubricant additives function
• [1] Viscosity
• [2] Viscosity index
• [3] Pour Point
• [4] Flash Point
• [5] Total Base Number (TBN)
• [6] Total Acid Number (TAN)
• [1] Viscosity
• Measure of internal resistance to flow
• Decreases with increase in temperature
• Important in lubricant selection
• Specified at 40˚C and 100˚C
• Absolute(dynamic),measured in centi poise (cP)
• Kinematic, measured in centi Stokes (cSt)
• Dynamic Viscosity (cP) = Kinematic Viscosity
(cSt) x Fluid Density (kg/m3)
Viscosity Measurement
https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=YslaWEpTDWk
1 - Capillary Tube Viscometers
Rotational Viscometers
These viscometer give the value of the ‘dynamic viscosity’.
It is based on the principle that the fluid whose viscosity is
being measured is sheared between two surfaces.
In these viscometers one of the surfaces is stationary and the
other is rotated by an external drive and the fluid fills the
space in between.
The measurements are conducted by applying either a
constant torque and measuring the changes in the speed of
rotation or applying a constant speed and measuring the
changes in the torque.
There are two main types of these viscometers: rotating
cylinder and cone-on-plate viscometers
Rotational Viscometers
2 - Rotating cylinder viscometer
3 - Cone-on-plate viscometer
4 – Modern Viscometers
5 – On - line viscosity measuring device
• [2] Viscosity index
VI = [(L - U) / (L - H) ] × 100
where ,
VI is viscosity index
U is the kinematic viscosity of oil of interest
L and H are the kinematic viscosity of the reference oils
Multi-grade Oil
OEM
Recommended
Operating Range
Mono-grade Oil
-20 40 100
Temperature oC (LOG)
ISO VG
viscosity
grades
AGMA
viscosity
grades