Grade 10 Physics

• Topic : Electric Current Lecture 5

• Subtopic : Resistivity

Presented by Sudeep S
 Thought for the day
• “Character is doing the right thing when nobody’s looking.” – J.C.
Watts
• Learning objectives

Student will be able :

Derive the formulas for resistors

To understand the relation of voltage ,current and resistance in the case
of R in series

Presented by Sudeep S
 FACTORS ON WHICH THE
RESISTANCE OF A CONDUCTOR
DEPENDS
Statement of OHM’S LAW
• According to ohm’s law, “ The electric current (I) flowing through a
conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference ( V) across its
ends, provided the temperature and other physical condition remain the
same.

• R is a constant of the conductor at a give temperature and is called its

resistance.
• https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-
dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc_en.html
Presented by Sudeep S
Sr Name Sym Formula SI UNIT Sym
no. bol bol

1 Charge Q Q =ne Coulomb C

2 Current I I=Q/t Ampere A

Charge Q Q=It Coulomb C

3 P.d/ Voltage V V = W/Q Volt V

Work done W W = VQ joule J
•The force from which electron moves
come from cell/Voltage source/P.d
4 Ohms law R R= V / I Ohm Ω
• Work is required to overcome the
5 Resistivity ρ ρ = RA/L Ohm -meter Ωm repulsive forces between the
charges
Activity 1 Part 1
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/resistance-in-a-wire/latest/resistance-in-a-wire_en.html

Tungsten filament bulb

Observation for 1 and 2
Activity 1 case3

Observation for case 3

Activity 1 case4

Observation for case 4

 Effect of length on resistance of a conductor
• Resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length.

• If the length of the conductor( or wire) is doubled, its resistance also get
doubled.
• If the length of the conductor or wired is halved, its resistance also gets
halved.
Effect of Area of cross section on resistance of a
conductor.
• The resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to its area of cross
section,

• If the area of cross section of the conductor is doubled, its resistance gets
halved.

• If the area of cross section of the conductor is halved, its resistance gets
doubled.
Electrical resistance of a conductor depends
on the following factors :
• Length of the conductor
• Area of cross section of the conductor( or thickness of the conductor)
• Temperature of the conductor
• Nature of the material
Resistivity of a material depends on the following
factors :
• Temperature of the material
• Nature of the material
• Resistivity does not depend on the length and area of the conductor
Resistivity
• It is observed that resistance is directly proportional to its length.

• The resistance of a conductor is inversely proportional to its area of

cross section.

• Therefore

• Where rho is called constant of proportionality and is know as

resistivity of the material of the conductor.

• SI unit for resistivity is ohm-meter.

What will be the resistance of a metal wire of length 2m
and area of cross section 1.25 *10 -6 m2 ,if the resistivity of
the metal is 1.6 * 10 -8 Ω m

Ncert pg no.208 example 12.5 Resistance of a metal wire of length 1 m

is 26 Ω at 20°C. If the diameter of the wire is 0.3 mm, what will be the
resistivity of the metal at that temperature? Using Table 12.2, predict
the material of the wire
What will be the resistance of a metal wire of length 2m
and area of cross section 1.25 *10 -6 m2 ,if the resistivity of
the metal is 1.6 * 10 -8 Ω m
Given :

Formula :
Ncert pg no.208 example 12.5 Resistance of a metal wire of length 1 m
is 26 Ω at 20°C. If the diameter of the wire is 0.3 mm, what will be the
resistivity of the metal at that temperature? Using Table 12.2, predict
the material of the wire
Given :
Resistance of the wire (R) = 26 Ω
the diameter d = 0.3 mm = 3 × 10 -4 m
26 * π (1.5 × 10 -4 )2
Radius (r) = 1.5 × 10 -4 m
1
length l of the wire = 1 m.
ρ = 1.84 × 10 –6 Ω m
Formula :
Ncert pg no. 222 Q 6. A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and
resistivity of 1.6 × 10 –8 Ω m. What will bet he length of this wire to
make its resistance 10 Ω? How much does the resistance change if the
diameter is doubled?
Given : Formula :
Ncert pg no.208 example 12.6A wire of given material having length l
and area of cross-section A has a resistance of 4 Ω. What would be the
resistance of another wire of the same material having length l/2 and
area of cross-section 2A?
For first wire

Now for second wire