Student Book answers C7 Energy changes

C7.1 Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1a exothermic 1
1b endothermic 1
1ci any two from: 2
• oxidation,
• combustion,
• neutralisation,
• respiration
1 c ii any two from: 2
• any thermal decomposition,
• citric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonate,
• photosynthesis
2 beaker feels cold 1
dissolving process absorbs energy from surroundings, which 1
includes beaker and hand holding it, so energy transferred into
reaction mixture
3 energy stored in reactants greater than in products, 1
so difference transferred to surroundings as energy, 1
raising temperature of surroundings 1
4a MgCO 3 (s) → MgO(s) + CO 2 (g) 3 1 mark for correct reactants. 1 mark for correct
products. 1 mark for correct state symbols.
4b 117 kJ taken in from surroundings 2

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 Student Book answers C7 Energy changes

C7.2 Using energy transfers from reactions

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1a treat injuries with cold packs, 1
chill drinks in cans 1
1b dissolving ammonium nitrate in water 1
1ci NH 4 NO 3 1
1 c ii to chill drinks in cans 1
2a calcium oxide 1
2b CaO(s) + H 2 O(l) → Ca(OH) 2 (aq) 3
2c It would form a harmful alkaline solution. 1
3a hand warmer uses energy transferred to surroundings 1
in oxidation of iron, 1
forming hydrated iron(III) oxide in exothermic reaction, 1
NaCl catalyst 1
3b Supersaturated solution 1
made to crystallise by pressing a small metal disc. 1
Crystals spread throughout solution, transferring energy to 1
surroundings.
Crystals are redissolved in hot water, ready to use again. 1
3c disposable:
advantage: lasts longer when activated, 1
disadvantage: can only be used once. 1
reusable: opposite applies
3d self-heating cans 1

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 Student Book answers C7 Energy changes

C7.3 Reaction profiles

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1a reactants H 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g) above products HCl(g), 1
arrow points from reactants to products / down, 1
arrow labelled ‘184kJ/mol of energy released’ 1
1b reactants H 2 (g) + I 2 (g) below products 2HI(g), 1
arrow points from reactants to products / up, 1
arrow labelled ‘26.5kJ/mol of energy absorbed’ 1
2 Compare energy required to break bonds with energy 1
transferred to surroundings when new bonds form to get
overall energy change.
If energy transferred breaking bonds greater, then 1
endothermic,
if energy transferred to surroundings when new bonds are 1
made greater then exothermic.
3a Energy transferred from the surroundings to break bonds 1
to overcome attraction between atoms, 1
so separated atoms have more energy stored than original 1
molecule.
3b structural diagram of methane and oxygen, showing C–H 2
bonds being broken and carbon dioxide and water formed
3c bonds broken: 4 C–H; 2 O=O 2
bonds made: 2 C=O; 4 O–H 2

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 Student Book answers C7 Energy changes

C7.4 Bond energy calculations

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1 endothermic 1
2 energy required to break a specific bond 1
3 1.49kJ (to 3 sig. fig.) 2
4a H 2 + Cl 2 → 2HCl 1
energy transferred to surroundings = 185kJ 5
4b 2H 2 + O 2 → 2H 2 O 1
energy transferred to surroundings = 486kJ 5

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