8 MDL

Basic building construction works
Level-I
Learning Guide-25
Unit of Competence: Use Construction Hand and
Power Tools
Module Title: Using Construction Hand and
Power Tools
LG Code: EIS BBCW1M0 8 LO1-LG-25
TTLM Code: EIS BBCW1 M0 8 TTLM 0919v1
LO 1: Identify hand and power tools
Page 1 of 98
Instruction Sheet Learning Guide #25
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics:
 Using construction hand and power tools Occupational health and safety
 Identifying Quality assurance requirements for company operations.
 Identifying Types of hand and power tools and their functions.
 Recognizing Power source and access to power supply.
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to:
 Adhere OHS requirements associate with the use of construction hand and power tools,
and the workplace environment, to throughout the work
 Identify Quality assurance requirements for company operations and adhered to
 Identify types of hand and power tools and their functions
 Recognize Power source(s), and access to power supply
Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described below 3 to 6.
3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3 and Sheet 4”.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4” in page -7,
12, 25 and 29 respectively.
5. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the “Self-check” proceed to “Operation Sheet
1, Operation Sheet 2 and” in page -30.
6. Do the “LAP test” in page – 31 (if you are ready).
Page 2 of 98
Information Sheet-1  Associating Occupational health and safety With the use of
construction hand and power tools
1.1 Concepts of Occupational health and safety
In most industrialized countries, the construction industry is one of the most significant
industries in terms of contribution to gross domestic product (GDP). It also has a significant
impact on the health and safety of workers. The construction industry is both economically
and socially important. In construction, workers perform a great diversity of activities, each
one with a specific associated risk. The worker who carries out a task is directly exposed to
its associated risks and passively exposed to risks produced by nearby co-workers. Building
design, materials, dimensions and site conditions are often unique, which requires adaptation
and a learning curve from site to site. Injuries may occur in a number of ways and at every
juncture of the process.
As a result of this situation there is a high frequency of accidents in construction, which

makes it an unsafe industry. Degree of safety in this selected sector of the economy is not
indicated by a single accident but by a set of accidents that have occurred within a specified
time interval. Knowledge about the noticeable trends in accidents is required in order to
assess the level of safety and also directions for changes.
Occupational safety and health is an area concerned with the development, promotion, and
maintenance of the workplace environment, policies and programs that ensure the mental,
physical, and emotional well-being of employees, as well as keeping the workplace
environment relatively free from actual or potential hazards that could injure employees.
Page 3 of 98
fig 1 Occupational Safety and Health Cycle
1.2 Obtain Work instructions
Before starting work you will need to obtain and confirm your work instructions. These can
come in many different forms depending on the workplace and the job. Some instructions
may be specific to the workplace, to a particular task, or to a specific hand or power tool.
Work instructions may come in the form of:
 Verbal or written instructions, Graphical instructions, Signage.

 Work schedules, Plans and specifications.
 Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
 Memos.
 Diagrams or sketches.
 Manufacturer’s instructions and equipment specific manuals.
 Quality assurance procedures.
 Safe work procedures or equivalent related to using hand and power tools.
Page 4 of 98
You may be provided with your work instructions verbally and in written form, or you may be
required to contribute to the planning and preparation process. To carry out your job
properly it is important that you are able to understand and follow all instructions you are
given. When obtaining or receiving work instructions it is important to employ effective
communication skills. Listen actively to the instructions and information provided to you. This
means absorbing, understanding and considering the information before responding - listen
first, and speak second. Clarify the information provided to you, ensuring that you express
yourself clearly and directly, confidently, honestly, in a positive manner, and with respect for
others.
Each industry and work site may have specific jargon and terminology that it uses to
communicate. This may include the technical terms that are specific to an industry or piece
of equipment, through to the slang or informal language that is specific to a site. Become
familiar with the language used on your work site, and if you have any questions, speak to
your supervisor or experienced personnel/workers. Clear and direct speaking and active
listening will ensure that every person on the site knows what is required of them. In turn,
activities on the work site are conducted safely, collaboratively and effectively.
1.3 safety requirements
Once you have determined your work instructions you need to ensure that all the necessary
safety requirements are applied before you start work. These requirements include
legislative, organization and site requirements and procedures. You will need to access the
site safety plan and related policies and procedures prior to starting any work tasks. The site
safety plan will specify the safety requirements that need to be followed on the work site.
Safety requirements include safe work practices such as:
 Correct application of protective clothing and equipment.
fig 2
 Safe use of tools and equipment.

Page 5 of 98
fig 3
 Knowledge of workplace environment and safety. Safe handling of materials.
fig 4
 Correct use of fire-fighting equipment.
fig 5
 Correct application of First Aid equipment. Hazard control measures.
fig 6
 Correct procedures for handling hazardous materials and substances
fig 7
Page 6 of 98
Self-Check -1 Written Test
Directions: Answer the questions below.

1. Work instructions can be in the form of -----------------------.(2 points)
A. verbal B. sketches C. Memos D. Written E. all
2. --------------- keeps the workplace environment relatively free from actual or potential hazards
that could injure employees. (3 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 4 points
You can ask your teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 7 of 98
Identifying Quality assurance requirements for company
Information Sheet- 2
operations.
2.1 Definition:
Quality assurance is "a planned and systematic means for assuring management that the
defined standards, practices, procedures, and methods of the process are applied." "The
purpose of [quality] measurement and analysis (MA) is to develop and sustain a
measurement capability used to support management information needs.”
2.2. Perspectives on Quality
Some of the perspectives on quality are as follows:
Judgmental. When referred to as the transcendent definition of quality, it is both absolute
and universally recognizable, a mark of uncompromising standards and high achievement.
You can't really measure or assess it—you just know it when you see it.
Product-based. In this view, quality is a function of a specific, measurable variable and
differences in quality reflect differences in quantity of a product attribute, such as threads per
square inch or pixels per square inch.
User-based. Quality is defined as fitness for intended use, or how well the product performs
Value-based. From this perspective, a quality product is as useful as a competing product

and sold at a lower price, or it offers greater usefulness or satisfaction at a comparable price.
Manufacturing-based. Quality is the desirable outcome of engineering and manufacturing
practice, or conformance to specifications. For Coca-Cola, quality is "about manufacturing a
product that people can depend on every time they reach for it."
Customer-driven quality. The American National Standards Institute and the American
Society for Quality (ASQ) define quality as "the totality of features and characteristics of a
product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy given needs ." A popular extension of this
definition is "quality is meeting or exceeding customer expectations."
2.3. Quality Assurance versus Quality Control

There is an important distinction between quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC).
The ASQ defines QA as "the planned and systematic activities implemented in a quality
system so that quality requirements for a product or service will be fulfilled." ASQ defines QC
as "the observation techniques and activities used to fulfill requirements for quality ." Thus,
QA is a proactive, process-oriented activity whereas QC is a reactive, manufacturing-
Page 8 of 98
oriented activity. The focus of QA is putting good processes in place so that the quality will
be "built into" the product rather than trying to "inspect quality into" the finished product.
2.4 Quality of Requirements
The quality of requirements is dependent on various stakeholders and their perspective.
Several different views need to be considered in order to define what quality means in a
certain context. The first view on quality is the transcend-dental view. Therein, quality is
considered as something that we always strive for as an ideal but we will never be able to
implement this ideal. The goal of this viewpoint is to express the complexity of the concept
quality in general. Second, the user view evaluates the quality of a software product with
respect to its fitness of purpose to fulfill certain user tasks. The third view, the manufacturing
view, focuses on the product view during production and after delivery.It is focused on the
adherence of standards and evaluates whether the product was build right the first time. The
fourth view is the product view. The focus for this view is on internal quality aspects of the
product that can be measured. It is assumed that ensuring certain internal quality aspects
has an impact on the external quality and the quality in use of the product. Finally, the value-
based view relates quality to cost. It considers quality as something the customer is willing to
pay for. Finally, the customers have to decide on the value of each requirement and whether
the implementation cost is motivated (value-based view).
All these aspect have to be considered when discussing the quality of requirements. The
inherently human based nature of requirements engineering and the necessity to consider
not only technical but also social aspects when eliciting, negotiating and specifying
requirements makes the definition of quality characteristics for requirements even harder.
Standards are a starting point for defining the quality of requirements and requirements
specifications. Further, there exist a number of processes, guidelines, and best practices on
how to perform good requirements.
Page 9 of 98
Table 2.1 Quality attributes for requirements
Quality Attribute Definition
Unambiguous
The requirements should only have one possible interpretation. Note that
one requirement might be unambiguous to a
certain group of stakeholder but has a different meaning in
another. It is important to involve all stakeholders in the
requirements engineering process to gain a common under standing.
Completeness
All important elements that are relevant to fulfill the different user’s tasks
should be considered. This includes relevant functional and non-functional
requirements and inter-faces to other systems, the definition of responses
to all potential inputs to the system, all references to figures and tables in
the specification, and a definition of all relevant
terms and measures.
Consistency The stated requirements should be consistent with all other

requirements, and other important constraints such as hardware
restrictions, budget restrictions, etc.
Ranked for
Importance / Each requirement specifies its importance and/or its stability. Stability
Stability expresses the likelihood that the requirement

changes, while importance specifies how essential the requirement is for
the success of the project (from a value-based and a user point of view).
Verifiability All requirements should be verifiable. That is, there exists a process for a
machine or a human to check (in a cost effective way) whether the
requirement is fulfilled or not.
Modifiable All requirements should be modifiable, that is the structure of the

requirements and the requirements specification allow the integration of
changes in an easy, consistent and complete way.
Traceable All requirements should be traceable, that is, it should be possible to
reference the requirement in an easy way.
Moreover, it is possible to identify the origin of a require-
ment (see also Chap. 4)
Page 10 of 98
The requirements are specified and phrased in a way that is understood
Comprehensibility
by all involved stakeholders.
(New,manufacturi
ng, user,value-
based view)
Feasibility (New, All requirements can be implemented with the available technology,
value- human resources and budget. Moreover, all requirements contribute to
based, product the monetary success of the system, that is, they are worth to include in
view) the system.
Right Level of
The information given in the requirements is suitable to gain the right
Detail
understanding of the system and to start implementation. There are no
(New,user,
unnecessary implementation or design details specified in the
manufacturing,
requirements.
value-based view)
Page 11 of 98

1. Quality is defined as fitness for intended use, or how well the product performs
its intended function. The meaning is based on. (3 points)
A. Value-based. B. User-based.
C. Manufacturing-based. D. Product-based.
You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 12 of 98
Information Sheet-3 Identifying types of hand and power tools and their functions.
3.1 Difference between hand tools and Power Tools

 Hand tools
Have no power source, other than the physical force applied by the user. Hand- tools
include anything from axes to hammers, and screwdrivers to wrenches.
 Power Tools
Require a non-human power source to function properly--e.g. External (electricity,
compressed air, etc.) or Internal (battery pack, internal combustion engine, etc.).
3.2 Different types of hand tools and their functions
Bolster
Bolster is like chisel but it is used to cut bricks. Its cutting edge is wider than the width of
brick. It is useful for accurate cutting of bricks.
Fig 1
Boning Rods
Boning rods are made of wood and they are T shape. They are used to level the excavated
trench throughout its length. Minimum three boning rods are used to level the trench surface.
Fig 2
Brick Hammer
Page 13 of 98
Brick hammer is used to cut the bricks and also used to push the bricks if they come out of
the course line.
Fig 3
Bump Cutter
Bump cutter is used to level the concrete surfaces like concrete floors, foundations etc. It is
also called screed.
Fig 4
Chain Lewis and Pin Lewis
Chain lewis and pin lewis are two different tools which are used to lift heavy stones
especially in the construction of stone masonry.
Fig 5
Chisel
Chisel is generally used in wood work and this must be useful to remove the concrete bumps
or excess concrete in hardened surface.
Page 14 of 98
fig 6
Circular Saw
Circular saw used to cut the wood boards, frames etc. It is used when accurate cutting is
required in less time. It is safer than hand saw.
Fig 7
Crowbar
Crowbar is used for digging the ground and to remove the roots of trees in the ground, nails
etc.
Fig 8
Digging Bar
Digging bar is solid metal rod with pin shape at the bottom. It is also used to dig the hard
surfaces of ground.
Fig 9
Page 15 of 98
End Frames
Their use is similar to the line and pins. But instead of pins, L shaped frames are used at the
end of thread which hold the brick work effectively and level the alignment accurately.
Fig 10
Float
Float is made of wood which is used to smoothen the plastered concrete surface. It contains
handle on its top and smooth wooden surface on its bottom.
Fig 11
Gloves
Gloves are required to prevent the hands from direct contact with cement, paint etc. and to
avoid injury while using machines, tools etc.
Fig 12
Hand Saw
Hand saw is used to cut the wood materials like doors, windows, slab panels etc.
Page 16 of 98
Fig 13
Head Pan
Head pan is made of iron which is used to lift the excavated soil or cement or concrete to the
working site etc. it is more commonly used in construction sites.
Fig 14
Hoe
Hoe is also used to excavate the soil but in this case the metal plate is provided with acute
angle to the wooden handle.
Fig 15
Jack Plane
Jack plane is used in the wood work to smoothen the surface of doors and windows etc.
Fig 16
Page 17 of 98
Ladder
Ladder is also required in construction works. To check slab work, to transport material to the
higher floors, to paint the walls etc.
Fig 17
Line and Pins
Line and pins consists a thread whose ends are connected with two solid metal rods with pin
points. It is used to level the alignment of brick course while brick laying.
Fig 18
Mason’s Square
Mason’s square is used to achieve perfect right angle at the corner of masonry wall. It is “L”
shape. First course is laid properly using Mason’s square then based on the first, remaining
layers of bricks are set out.
Fig 19
Measuring Box
Measuring box is used to measure the quantity of sand and aggregate used for making
concrete. It is of fixed dimensions so, aggregate need not to be weighted for every time. The
general dimensions of a measuring box are 300mm X 300mm X 400mm (length x width x
depth).
Page 18 of 98
Fig 20
Measuring Tape
Measuring tape is used to check the thickness, length, widths of masonry walls, foundation
beds, excavated trenches etc.
Fig 21
Measuring Wheel
Measuring wheel is used to measure the distances or lengths. It contains a wheel of known
diameter, which record the no.of complete revolutions from which the distance can be
measured. It makes the work easier.
Fig 22
Pick Axe
Pick axe is used to excavate the soil. It is more suitable for hard soil which is quite difficult to
dig with spade or hoe.
Page 19 of 98
Fig 23
Plumb Bob
Plumb bob is used to check the verticality of structures. It contains a solid metal bob
connected to the end of a thread. It is also used inn surveying to level the instrument
position.
Fig 24
Plumb Rule
Plumb rule is used to check the vertical line of wall whether it is perfect vertical or not. It
contains a straight wood board with uniform edges. On its center a groove is provided in
which plumb bob is situated. When the rule is placed vertically with the wall the plumb bob
should be in the groove line otherwise the wall will not be vertical.
Fig 25
Putty Knife
Putty knife is used level the putty finishing and also used to reduce the thickness of finish
when it is more thick.
Fig 26
Page 20 of 98
Sledge Hammer
Sledge hammer is used when the ground is hard and contains rock layers. A large weighted
metal head is provided at the wooden handle with which hard layers can be cracked, which
makes easy for digging.
Fig 27
Spade
Spade is used to dig the soil for foundation trenches etc. It contains metal plate at the end of
long wooden handle.
Fig 28
Spirit Level
Spirit level is made of wood or hard plastic with bubble tube in the middle. The bubble tube is
filled with alcohol partially. So, the air bubble is formed in it.
Spirit level is used in brick masonry to check the level of the surface. The spirit level is placed
on surface and bubble is checked. The surface is leveled when the bubble in the tube settles
at middle of tube.
Fig 29
Straight Edge Brushes
Straight edge brushes are used to provide finishing to the plastered surface especially at
corners and edges of walls.
Page 21 of 98
Fig 30
Tile Cutter
Tile cutter is used to cut the tiles. Sometimes, normal tile size is larger than required at the
corners where floor meets the wall in that case tile cutter is useful.
Fig 31
Trowel
Trowel is used to lift and apply the cement mortar in small quantities. It is made of steel and
wooden handle is provided for holding. The ends of trowel may be pointed or bull nosed.
Fig 32
Wheel Barrow
Wheel barrow is used to transport bulk weights of materials like cement, sand, concrete mix
etc. it contains one or two wheels at its front and two handles at its back which are used to
push the wheel barrow.
Fig 33
Safety Glasses
To prevent the eyes from dust, chemical actions of materials etc. safety glasses should be
maintained.
Page 22 of 98
Fig 34
Safety Helmet
The safety helmet should be necessary in construction works. Any material or structure may
fall from height during construction work. So, to protect the head from injury or any fatal
accident, this safety helmet should be used.
Fig 35
3.2 power tools and their functions
Drill Machine
Drill machine is used to make holes in the walls, slabs, doors, window frames etc.
Fig 36
Polisher
Polisher is used to smoothen the surface of tiles, wood works etc. The smoothening makes
them shine and the process is called polishing.
Page 23 of 98
Fig 37
Vibrator
Vibrator is used to compact the concrete by this the air gaps are filled with water and
workability varies without adding water to it.
Fig 38
Page 24 of 98
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the
next page:
1. ________________is used to lift and apply the cement mortar in small quantities. It is
made of steel and wooden handle is provided for holding. (3 points)
A. trowel C. .sprit level
B. shovel D. vibrator
2. List out some of hand tools.(4 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 and 4 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 and 4 points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 25 of 98
Information Sheet-4 Recognizing Power source and access to power supply.
4.1 Power Supplies
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The
primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current from a source to the
correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a result, power supplies are
sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some power supplies are separate
standalone pieces of equipment, while others are built into the load appliances that they
power. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop
computers and consumer electronics devices. Other functions that power supplies may
perform include limiting the current drawn by the load to safe levels, shutting off the current in
the event of an electrical fault, power conditioning to prevent electronic noise or voltage
surges on the input from reaching the load, power-factor correction, and storing energy so it
can continue to power the load in the event of a temporary interruption in the source power
(uninterruptible power supply).
All power supplies have a power input connection, which receives energy in the form of
electric current from a source, and one or more power output connections that deliver current
to the load. The source power may come from the electric power grid, such as an electrical
outlet, energy storage devices such as batteries or fuel cells, generators or alternators, solar
power converters, or another power supply. The input and output are usually hardwired
circuit connections, though some power supplies employ wireless energy transfer to power
their loads without wired connections. Some power supplies have other types of inputs and
outputs as well, for functions such as external monitoring and control.
This section describes functions and precautions for fully utilizing the capabilities of the
Power Supplies. For precautions for individual Products, refer to the Precautions for Safe
Use for that Product.
Minor electric shock, fire, or Product failure may occasionally occur. Do not disassemble,
modify, or repair the Product or touch the interior of the Product.
Page 26 of 98
Minor injury due to electric shock may occasionally occur.
Do not touch the terminals while power is being supplied.
Minor burns may occasionally occur. Do not touch the Product while power is being supplied
or immediately after power is turned OFF.
Fire may occasionally occur. Tighten the terminal screws with the specified torque.
Minor electric shock, fire, or Product failure may occasionally occur. Do not allow any pieces
of metal or conductors or any clippings or cuttings resulting from installation work to enter the
Product.
Precautions for Safe Use

Input Voltage
Use a commercial power supply for the power supply voltage input to models with AC inputs.
Inverters with an output frequency of 50/60 Hz are available, but the rise in the internal
temperature of the Power Supply may result in ignition or burning. Do not use an invert er
output for the power supply of the Product.
Grounding
Connect the ground completely. Electric shock may occur if the ground is not connected
completely. Operating Environment Use each Product within the rated range for ambient
operating temperature, ambient operating humidity, and storage temperature specified for
that Product. Use the Power Supply within the ranges specified for vibration and shock
resistance.
Do not use the Power Supply in locations subject to excessive amount of dust or where
liquids, foreign matter, or corrosive gases may enter the interior of the Product.
Install the Power Supply well away from devices that produce strong, high-frequency noise
and surge. Do not use the Power Supply in locations subject to direct sunlight.
Page 27 of 98
Mounting
The installation screws can be tightened into the Power Supply only to a limited depth. Make
sure that the lengths of the screws protruding into the Power Supply are within the specified
dimensions.
Refer to the dimensional diagrams for each model for specific dimensions.
Wiring
Use caution when connecting the input cable to the Power Supply.
The Power Supply Unit may be destroyed if the input cable is connected to the wrong
terminals. Use caution when using a model with a DC input. The Power Supply Unit may be
destroyed if the polarity is reversed.
Do not apply more than 75-N force to the terminal block when tightening the terminals.
Wiring Materials
Use a wire size that suits the rated output current of the Power Supply to be used in order to
prevent smoking or ignition caused by abnormal loads. Caution is particularly required if the
output current from one Power Supply is distributed to multiple loads. If thin wiring is used to
branch wiring, the Power Supply's overload protection circuit may fail to operate depending
on factors such as the impedance of the load wiring even when the load is short-circuited.
Therefore, insertion of a fuse in the line or other protective measures must be considered.
Refer to Technical Explanation for Power Supplies to select wiring materials.
Page 28 of 98
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Use the Answer sheet provided in the
next page:
1. Which of the following must be recognized when you use power supply
sources.. (3 points)
A. Mounting B. grounding C. wiring D. input voltage E. all
Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 and 4 points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 29 of 98
Operation Sheet 1 Methods of identifying hand tools for measuring
Steps 1- select the appropriate measuring hand tools

Step 2- measure a distance between two points
Step 3- record the reading
Operation Sheet 2 Identify power tools for drilling
Step 1- visualize the type of tool

Step 2- selects the drilling machine
Step 3- plug in to the appropriate power source
Step 4- mark the point that you want to drill
Steps 5- make holes on the faces of the wall
Page 30 of 98
LAP Test Practical Demonstration
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________
Instructions: Given necessary templates, tools and materials you are required to perform
the following tasks within1 hours.
Task 1: Measure the distance of two existing points using measuring wheel.
Page 31 of 98
List of Reference Materials
1. ^ "Modern Marvels: The World's First Power Tools" . History . Archived from the original on
January 25, 2013. Retrieved Oct 4, 2011.
2. ^ a b NIOSH Power tools database
3. ^ "Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria" .
Basis for the Exposure Standard : 24–5. 1998.
4. ^ Franks, John R., ed. (1996). Appendix A: OSHA Noise Standard Compliance Checklist
(PDF).
Preventing Occupational Hearing Loss: A Practical Guide. U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services. p. 60.
7. ^ Nagyszalanczy, Sandor (2001). Power Tools: An Electrifying Celebration and Grounded

Guide. Newtown, CT: The Taunton Press. ISBN 978-1-56158-427-7 .
8. ^ Scott P. Schneider (1998). "Tools". In Jeanne Mager Stellman (ed.). Chemical, industries
and occupations . Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 3 (4th ed.).
International Labour Organization . pp. 93.33–93.34. ISBN 978-92-2-109816-4 .
9. ^ a b Cacha, Charles A. (1999). Ergonomics and Safety in Hand Tool Design . CRC.
ISBN 1566703085 .
10. ^ Salaman, R. A. (1997 edition revised by Philip Walker; first published in 1975 by
George Allen & Unwin [Publishers] Ltd). Dictionary of Woodworking Tools, c. 1700–1970
Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press ISBN 978-1-879335-79-0 .
11. ^ Salaman, R. A. (1996). Dictionary of Leather- working Tools, c.1700–1950, and the
Tools of Allied Trades Mendham, NJ: Astragal Press ISBN 978-1-879335-72-1 .
12. ^ Russell, David R. , with Robert Lesage and photographs by James Austin , cataloguing
assisted by Peter Hackett (2010). Antique Woodworking Tools: Their Craftsmanship from the
Earliest Times to the Twentieth Century Cambridge: John Adamson
Page 32 of 98
Level-I
Learning Guide-26
Power Tools
Power Tools
LO2. Select appropriate hand tools
Page 33 of 98
Instruction Sheet Learning Guide # 26
 selecting Hand tools consistent with the job
 checking hand tools for serviceability and safety
 selecting equipment to hold, position or support material for hand tools application
 select hand tools consistent with the needs of the job
 Check hand tools for serviceability and safety and any faults reported to supervisor in
accordance with workplace requirements
 select equipment to hold, position or support material for hand tools application

3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, and Sheet 3”.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, and Self-check 3” in page -36, 38, and 40
respectively.
1” in page -41.
6. Do the “LAP test” in page –42(if you are ready).
Page 34 of 98
Information Sheet-1 selecting hand tools consistent with the job
1.1 Importance of using the right tool for the job

We’ve all done it at least once, working on something on site, perhaps even at a height only
to realize you do not have the right tool to complete the task. But what you do have is a
similar tool which can be adapted to complete the job. This is a mistake we’ve all made and
we may have even gotten away with it but in some situations this mere act of improvisation
can prove extremely dangerous.
For example when conducting concrete drilling or cutting if the wrong bit is used it can snap
off, not only damaging the equipment but possibly hitting into the worker or others nearby,
maybe injuring someone in the process.
The first step in safety when using tools and equipment, is to use the right tool for the job.
But in addition to safety there are other reasons to ensure you choose the correct tool. For
example ensuring you use the right tool will reduce the amount of effort you need to get a job
done and ensure that you do not cause unnecessary damage to work surfaces and
equipment. Work on construction sites is hazardous enough without adding to the risks by
using the wrong tools for the job or using the right tools in the wrong way. Choose the right
tool for a specific job and never use a tool not designed for the job you are doing. Never
improvise or adapt if you are missing a tool or piece of equipment.
Remember tools are designed for specific needs and purposes. For example you’ll find
screwdrivers with various lengths and tip styles and pliers with different head shapes. Using
any tool inappropriately is wrong and just plain dangerous. To avoid personal injury and tool
damage, select the proper tool to do the job well and safely.
Also keep in mind that tools and equipment are expensive. Quality professional hand tools
will last many years if they are taken care of and treated with respect however manufacturers
design tools for specific applications. So when you use your screwdriver as a chisel or vice
versa you shouldn’t expect to prolong the lifespan of your valuable tools, another reason why
tools should only be used for their intended purpose. Whether you are attempting to save
time or are just negligent, using the wrong tool for the job is a mistake.
 Enables community residents to gain control over their lives.
 Maintain the communities/clients’ efforts more effective, and longer-lasting.
Page 35 of 98
Directions: Answer all the questions listed below. Say true or false
1. Tools are designed for specific needs and purposes. Say true or false (2 points)
1. Quality professional hand tools will last many years if they are taken care of and
treated with respect however manufacturers design tools for any applications. .(2 points)
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 36 of 98
Information Sheet-2 checking hand tools for serviceability and safety
1.1. Serviceability and safety of hand tools

You will need to perform an inspection of your tools after use. This is to ensure that any
damage that has occurred will be identified as early as possible. If damage or faults are
found, you will need to record and report them in accordance with your work site procedures.
Regular servicing is an important part of tool maintenance. This applies to hand tools, power
tools and air compressors.
All tools, equipment and vehicles must be properly maintained so that workers are not
endangered. Construction regulations require inspections of vehicles, tools, machines and
equipment before use.
Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment, machines
and vehicles in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit downtime and extend
productivity. We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially
hazardous and can result in injury.
Both kinds of tools require specific safety precautions or rules to be followed; yet some rules
will apply to both. There are five basic rules that apply to all tools used either hand or power.
 Keep all tools in good working order
 Use the tool only for what it is designed to do
 Examine the tool for damage before each use
 Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions when operating any tool
 Always wear the appropriate PPE when operating any tool
2.2 General “Hand Tool” Safety Rules
 Carry all sharp tools in a holster or sheath
 Tag worn, damaged or defective tools and do not use them
 Do not perform “makeshift” repairs to tools
 Do not use cheater bars
 Do not throw tools from one location to another or from one employee to another
 When working on a ladder or scaffolding be sure you and your tools are secure
 Do not carry tools in your hand while climbing, use a tool belt or host the tools by
using a hand line
Page 37 of 98
Directions: Answer the questions below. Say true or false

1.following specific safety precautions or rules while using hand tools is not
recommended.(2 points)
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 38 of 98
Information Sheet-3 selecting equipment to hold, position or support material
for hand tools application
3.1 Positioning of hand tools

As you know in the construction industry there are so many tools which facilitates the work
very well. So these hand tools are among the tools that we use for different construction
activities. Therefor after you accomplish the task you had better put those tools in position for
better performance for another time and to increase the life span of hand tools so as to do
this you position or support it with using different equipment. Whenever you are using a
hand tools tool, it should be placed the way in a designated safe place where it cannot
accidentally bring any problems
Construction work has undergone major changes. Once dependent upon

craftsmanship with simple mechanical aids, the industry now relies largely on
machines and equipment.
New equipment, machinery, materials and methods have contributed to the

industry’s development. Around the middle of the 20th century, building cranes
appeared, as did new materials like light-weight concrete. As time went on, the
industry began using prefabricated construction units along with new
techniques in the construction of buildings. Designers began to use computers.
Thanks to such equipment as lifting devices, some of the work has become
easier physically, but it has also become more complicated.
Instead of small, basic materials, such as bricks, tiles, board and light concrete,
prefabricated construction units are commonly used today. Equipment has
expanded from simple hand tools and transport facilities to complex machinery.
Similarly, methods have changed, for instance, from wheel barrowing to the
pumping of concrete and from manual lifting of materials to the lifting of
integrated elements with the assistance of cranes.
Innovations in equipment, machinery and materials can be expected to

continue to appear.
Page 39 of 98

1. Equipment has expanded from simple hand tools and transport facilities to
complex machinery. (3 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating – 3points Unsatisfactory - below 3points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 40 of 98
Operation Sheet Method of checking hand tools for for serviceability and safety
Methods of checking serviceability
Step 1- identify manufacturer’s instructions

Step 2- Inspect tools for any damage prior to each use.
Step 3- Check the handle and body casing of the tool for cracks or other damage.
Step 4- If a tool is defective, remove it from service, and tag it clearly "Out of service for
repair".
Step 5- Replace damaged equipment immediately – do not use defective tools "temporarily".
Step 6. Test tools with a qualified person do not attempt field repairs.
Page 41 of 98
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

the following tasks within --- hour.
Task 1. Check the serviceability and safety of tools in your department and report to the
teacher if you got problems in safety of tools.
Page 42 of 98
(PDF).

ISBN 1566703085 .
Page 43 of 98
Level-I
Learning Guide-27
Power Tools
Power Tools
LO 3: Use appropriate hand tools
Page 44 of 98
 locating and holding material in position for hand tool application

 Using hand tools safely and effectively according to their intended use
 locating safely hand tools when not in immediate use
 locate material and hold in position for hand tool application
 Use hand tools safely and effectively according to their intended use
 Locate hand tools are safely when not in immediate use

3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3, Sheet 4 and
Sheet 5”.
respectively.
1,” in page -54.
6. Do the “LAP test” in page –55 (if you are ready).
Page 45 of 98
locating and holding material in position for hand tool
Information Sheet-1
application
1. Introduction
The successful running of any mass production depends upon the interchangeability to
facilitate easy assembly and reduction of unit cost. Mass production methods demand a
fast and easy method of positioning work for accurate operations on it.
Jigs and fixtures are production tools used to accurately manufacture duplicate and
interchangeable parts. Jigs and fixtures are specially designed so that large numbers of
components can be machined or assembled identically, and to ensure interchangeability
of components.
JIGS
It is a work holding device that holds, supports and locates the work piece and guides the
cutting tool for a specific operation. Jigs are usually fitted with hardened steel bushings for
guiding or other cutting tools. a jig is a type of tool used to control the location and/or motion
of another tool. A jig's primary purpose is to provide redundancy , accuracy, and
interchangeability in the manufacturing of products. A device that does both functions
(holding the work and guiding a tool) is called a jig. An example of a jig is when a key is
duplicated; the original is used as a jig so the new key can have the same path as the old
one. It is a work holding device that holds, supports and locates the work piece and guides
the cutting tool for a specific operation.
FIXTURES
It is a work holding device that holds, supports and locates the work piece for a specific
operation but does not guide the cutting tool. It provides only a reference surface or a
device. What makes a fixture unique is that each one is built to fit a particular part or shape.
The main purpose of a fixture is to locate and in some cases hold a work piece during
either a machining operation or some other industrial process. A jig differs from a fixture in
that it guides the tool to its correct position in addition to locating and supporting the
work piece. Examples: Vises, chucks.
Page 46 of 98
Directions: Fill the space provided

1.Jigs have both functions of …………………..and ……………..(5 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating -2.5 points Unsatisfactory - below 2.5 points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 47 of 98
Information Sheet-2  Using hand tools safely and effectively according to their
intended use
2.1 Basic tips when using hand tools
 Ensure that employees are properly trained in the safe use of hand tools.
 Always provide training on how to choose the right tool for the job, how to correctly use
each tool, and how to identify when tools need repair.
 Select the right tool for the job. Substitutes increase the chance of having an accident.
 Use tools designed to allow wrist to stay straight. Avoid using hand tools with your wrist
bent.
 Use good quality tools.
 Keep tools in good condition at all times.
 Inspect tools for defects before use. Replace or repair defective tools.
 Keep cutting tools sharp and cover sharp edges with a suitable covering to protect the
tool and to prevent injuries from unintended contact.
 Replace cracked, splintered, or broken handles on files, hammers, screwdrivers, or

sledges.
 Ensure that the handles of tools like hammers and axes fit tightly into the head of the tool.
 Replace worn jaws on wrenches, pipe tools and pliers.
 Redress burred or mushroomed heads of striking tools.
 Pull on a wrench or pliers. Never push unless you hold the tool with your palm open.
 Point sharp tools (e.g., saws, chisels, knives) laying on benches away from aisles and
handles should not extend over the edge of the bench top.
 Maintain tools carefully. Keep them clean and dry, and store them properly after each
use.
Page 48 of 98
 Carry tools in a sturdy tool box to and from the work site.
 Wear safety glasses or goggles, or a face shield (with safety glasses or goggles) and
well-fitting gloves appropriate for the hazards to which you may be exposed when doing
various tasks.
 Keep the work environment clean and tidy to avoid clutter which may cause accidents.
 Use a heavy belt or apron and hang tools pointed down at your sides, not behind your
back.
 Keep the work space tidy. Store tools properly when not in use.
2.2 Safe and effective way of using hand tools
To effectively and safely use different hand tools it’s advisable to understand the
following tip which is very essential in the construction industry.
 Do not use tools for jobs they are not intended to do. For example, do not use a slot
screw driver as a chisel, pry bar, wedge or punch, or wrenches as hammers.
 Do not apply excessive force or pressure on tools.
 Do not cut towards yourself when using cutting tools.
 Do not hold the stock in the palm of your hand when using a cutting tool or a screwdriver.
Always lay it on a workbench or in a vice.
 Do not wear bulky gloves to operate hand tools.
 Do not throw tools. Hand them, handle first, directly to other workers.
 Do not carry tools in a way that interferes with using both hands on a ladder, while
climbing on a structure, or when doing any hazardous work. If working on a ladder or
scaffold, tools should be raised and lowered using a bucket and hand line.
 Do not carry a sharp tool in your pocket.
 Do not use tools during electrical work unless they are designed for electrical work (e.g.,
properly insulated).
 Do not leave tools lying around on elevated structures such as a platform or scaffold as
they may be bumped and fall.
Page 49 of 98
Directions: say true or false.

1. It is essential to apply excessive force or pressure on tools.
(2 points)
2. it is not recommended to wear bulky gloves to operate hand tools.(3 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating -5points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 50 of 98
Information Sheet-3
locating Hand tools safely when not in immediate use
3.1 Regulations about Hand Tools

Each employer shall be responsible for the safe condition of tools and equipment used by
employees.
Tool Storage
By taking proper care of your tools, you will ensure that they will remain in good working
order and will be ready for use when you need them. No matter what kind of tools currently in
your possession, it’s important to take some time organizing your collection so you’re
protecting your investment. You’ll want them in good condition when it’s time to start that
next DAY project! If you’re running out of room in your home’s storage spaces, consider
renting a self-storage unit from Self Storage Specialists. Putting tools, especially larger tools
like power saws, in self-storage will keep them safe and away from children. Self-storage is
commonly used by contractors, too, because it allows them a place to store their equipment
while keeping overhead costs low. Regardless of where you choose to store your tools, there
are a few basic tool storage ideas and tips to keep in mind before you put them away. Follow
the instructions. Some manufacturers will have specific instructions for how to store tools, so
consult your manual first and foremost. It’s important to follow these instructions, especially
for larger power tools like saws or drills, so they remain in good working condition. Clean
them off. Tools should be cleaned each time you use them. Wipe them down with a damp
rag or towel to get rid of any dirt, dust, grease or debris. Make sure garden tools are free of
mud and grime. Everything should be completely dry before placing it in storage to avoid rust
developing. Use original cases. Power tools usually come in hard, plastic cases, and it’s
recommended to keep these cases for storage whenever possible. These cases will keep
your power tools in storage safe from extreme conditions, plus all the parts can be stored
right alongside them in the case. No more lost power cords or chargers! Invest in sturdy
storage containers. If you don’t have the original container, or you’re storing smaller hand
tools, invest in some sturdy containers. This will not only keep your tools organized, but also
allows them to be easily transportable to your next project area. Store in a safe, dry place.
Along with having the right containers, another way to protect your tools is to ensure that
area you’re storing them in is safe and dry. Water or humidity can cause damage to tools,
especially power tools. Go vertical. Tools should never be stored on the ground.
Page 51 of 98
Invest in some shelving for smaller tools, or hang pegboard along your workbench or on a
wall in your garage. You’ll be able to hang things like wrenches, hammers, box cutters,
garden equipment and many other tools so they’ll be easy to access at any time.
Keep these tool storage ideas and tips in mind, and your tool collection will be organized and
accessible for that next home project, whether it’s something big like putting an addition on
your home or simply just finally fixing that leaky faucet!
Page 52 of 98
Directions:
1. Everything should be completely dry before placing it in storage to avoid rust
developing. True/false (3 points)
2. To locate hand tools in position manufacturers guidelines are not
essential .(3points)
Note: Satisfactory rating – 6 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 53 of 98
Operation Sheet-1 Systems of locating hand tools safely when not in immediate use
Systems to locate hand tools safely when not in immediate use

step1. Scraping of any excess dirt
step2. Wiping down dirt and grease
step3. Using homemade cleaning solutions
step4. Oiling down the hinges
step5. Sanding
Page 54 of 98
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

the following tasks within --- 3hour.
Task 1- please develop mini project in the collage and apply hand tool application.
Page 55 of 98
(PDF).

ISBN 1566703085 .
Page 56 of 98
Level I
Learning Guide-28
Power Tools
Power Tools
LO 4: Select appropriate power tools
Page 57 of 98
 selecting Appropriate personal protective equipment correctly fitted and used

 Selecting Power tools the needs of the job conventional work practice.
 Visually Checking Power tools for tags.
 Selecting equipment to hold position materials for power tool application.
o Appropriate personal protective equipment is selected, correctly fitted and used
o Power tools are selected consistent with the needs of the job in accordance with
conventional work practice
o Power tools are visually checked for tags, serviceability/safety in accordance with OH&S
requirements and any faults reported to supervisor in accordance with enterprise procedures
o Equipment is selected to hold, position or support materials for power tool application

3. Read the information written in the information “Sheet 1, Sheet 2, Sheet 3, and Sheet
4”.
4. Accomplish the “Self-check 1, Self-check t 2, Self-check 3 and Self-check 4” in page -
62, 65, 67and 69 respectively.
5. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the “Self-check” proceed to “Operation
Sheet 1” in page -70.
6. Do the “LAP test” in page – 71(if you are ready).
Page 58 of 98
selecting appropriate personal protective equipment correctly
Information Sheet-1
fitted and used
1.1 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is protective clothing, helmets, goggles, or other

garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. The
hazards addressed by protective equipment include physical, electrical, heat, chemicals, bio
hazards, and airborne particulate matter. Protective equipment may be worn for job-related
occupational safety and health purposes, as well as for sports and other recreational
activities. "Protective clothing" is applied to traditional categories of clothing, and "protective
gear" applies to items such as pads, guards, shields, or masks, and others. The purpose of
personal protective equipment is to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering
controls and administrative controls are not feasible or effective to reduce these risks to
acceptable levels. PPE is needed when there are hazards present. PPE has the serious
limitation that it does not eliminate the hazard at the source and may result in employees
being exposed to the hazard if the equipment fails. Any item of PPE imposes a barrier
between the wearer/ user and the working environment. This can create additional strains on
the wearer; impair their ability to carry out their work and create significant levels of
discomfort. Any of these can discourage wearers from using PPE correctly, therefore placing
them at risk of injury, ill-health or, under extreme circumstances, death. Good ergonomic
design can help to minimize these barriers and can therefore help to ensure safe and healthy
working conditions through the correct use of PPE. Practices of occupational safety and
health can use hazard controls and interventions to mitigate workplace hazards, which pose
a threat to the safety and quality of life of workers. The hierarchy of hazard controls provides
a policy framework which ranks the types of hazard controls in terms of absolute risk
reduction. At the top of the hierarchy are elimination and substitution, which remove the
hazard entirely or replace the hazard with a safer alternative. If elimination or substitution
measures cannot apply, engineering controls and administrative controls, which seek to
design safer mechanisms and coach safer human behavior, are implemented. Personal
protective equipment ranks last on the hierarchy of controls, as the workers are regularly
exposed to the hazard, with a barrier of protection. The hierarchy of controls is important in
acknowledging that, while personal protective equipment has tremendous utility, it is not the
desired mechanism of control in terms of worker safety.
At a minimum, each employee is required to wear a hard hat and safety glasses. High
visibility safety vests with reflective striping are required when employees are exposed to
vehicular traffic. In the absences of vehicular traffic, high visibility shirts should be worn at all
times. All workers must wear shirts with sleeves, long work pants, and sturdy work shoes or
boots when working on a construction or renovation site. Sleeveless or tank top shirts, short
pants, sweatpants, sneakers, sandals, and high-heeled or open-toed shoes are not
permitted. Depending on the circumstances and potential hazards present, additional PPE
Page 59 of 98
may be required. This determination will by made by your supervisor based on the
preliminary Job Hazard Analysis; EHS may also be consulted. Additional PPE may include:
 Protective gloves
fig 7
 Hearing protection
fig 8
 Full face shields when cutting, grinding, or chipping
fig 9
 Chemical splash goggles
fig10
 Respiratory protection
Page 60 of 98
fig 11
 Fall protection equipment when working above 6 feet
fig 12
Page 61 of 98

1. write down personal protective equipment(PPE).(6 points)
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 62 of 98
Information Sheet-2  Selecting Power tools the needs of the job conventional
work practice.
2.1 Power Tools
Power tools include a wide range of devices for fabrication, assembly, construction, and
repair. Most power tools are constructed for long service under heavy use.
Types
Power tools are usually motor-driven and designated as electrical, battery-powered,

hydraulic, or pneumatic. Here are some examples of pneumatic power tools:
 Drills
 Fastening tools
 Impact tools Material removal tools
 Reciprocating saws
 Torque wrenches
Selection Criteria
Selecting power tools requires an analysis of both product specifications and features.
Because power tools may be used for hours at a time, ergonomic products are often
recommended.
Power
Portable power tools can be carried to a job and may be hydraulic, pneumatic, and electrical
(corded), or battery- operated (cordless). Cordless power tools run on 7.2, 9.6, 12, 14.4, 18,
19.6, or 24-volt batteries. Many are lightweight.
Motors
A power drill can have a one-speed or variable speed motor, a reversible motor, and be
mounted on a powered drill stand. Suppliers of power tools can provide additional
information.
Features
 A comfortable grip
 Directional exhaust muffler
 Vacuum-ready dust evacuation
 Materials such as composites that combine strength with light weight
Page 63 of 98
 Lubrication-free motor package
 Vibration-free design
 Built-in silencers
Applications
Power tools can be designed for specific purposes. For example, a power sander called a
rasper is suitable for marine applications because it is designed for fairing hulls and plugs
and stripping bottom paint, leaving a smooth surface. Specialty power tools are available.
Accessories
 Adapters
 Batteries
 Battery chargers
 Bits
 Blades
 Cases
 Organizers
 Wrenches
Standards
Several organizations maintain standards on power tools, including the International

Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee, the National Fluid Power
Association (NFPA), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA).
Page 64 of 98

1. Selecting power tools requires an analysis of both product specifications and features.
true/false (2 points)
2. Write down the selection criteria for power tools.(4 points)
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 65 of 98
Information Sheet-3 Checking Visually Power tools for tags
3.1 Unsafe electrical equipment
Ensure that any unsafe electrical equipment at the workplace is disconnected (or isolated)
from its electricity supply; and once disconnected (or isolated) is not reconnected until it
is repaired or tested and found to be safe; or is replaced or permanently removed from
use. Ensure that electrical equipment is regularly inspected and tested by a competent
person if:
 the electrical equipment is supplied with electricity through an electrical socket

outlet and
 used in an environment in which the normal use of electrical equipment

exposes the equipment to operating conditions that are likely to result in
damage to the equipment or a reduction in its expected life span, including
conditions that involve exposure to moisture, heat, vibration, mechanical
damage, corrosive chemicals or dust.
Electrical equipment that is new and unused at the workplace is not required to be tested.
However, the University must ensure that the equipment is inspected for obvious damage
before being used. A record of any testing carried out must be kept until the electrical
equipment is next tested, or permanently removed from the workplace, or disposed of.
The record of testing must specify the name of the person who carried out the testing; the
date of the testing; the outcome of the testing; the date on which the next testing must be
carried out; and may be in the form of a tag attached to the electrical equipment tested.
 tagging of the equipment to indicate to users that the item has been identified
as safe in accordance with AS/NZS 3760:2010 and when the item is due to be
tested again provision of a detailed Asset Register and Log Book.
3.2 Inspect, test and tag
Inspection and testing of electrical equipment must be carried out by a competent

person who has the relevant knowledge, skills and test instruments to carry out the
relevant inspection and testing. The person carrying out any testing of electrical
equipment should also be competent to interpret the test results of any equipment
they use. For example, a person carrying out testing under AS/NZS 3760:2010 must
be:
 a licensed or registered electrician (whichever applies) or
 in some jurisdictions, a licensed electrical inspector or
 a person who has successfully completed a structured training course and been
deemed competent in the use of a pass-fail type portable appliance tester and the
visual inspection of electrical equipment.
Page 66 of 98
Directions: :say true or false

1. Electrical equipment that is new and unused at the workplace is not required to
be tested.. (2 points)
2. Inspection and testing of electrical equipment must be carried out by a any
person .(2 points)
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 67 of 98
Information Sheet-4 Selecting equipment to hold position materials for power tool
application.
4.1 Inspection of power tools before application process
The purpose of an inspection is to identify whether work equipment can be operated,

adjusted and maintained safely – with any deterioration detected and remedied before it
results in a health and safety risk. Not all work equipment needs formal inspection to ensure
safety and, in many cases, a quick visual check before use will be sufficient. However,
inspection is necessary for any equipment where significant risks to health and safety may
arise from incorrect installation, re installation, deterioration or any other circumstances. The
need for inspection and inspection frequencies should be determined through risk
assessment. You should inspect work equipment if your risk assessment identifies any
significant risk (for example, of major injury) to operators and others from the equipment's
installation or use. The result of the inspection should be recorded and this record should be
kept at least until the next inspection of that equipment. Records do not have to be made in
writing but, if kept in another form (eg on a computer), these should be held securely and
made available upon request by any enforcing authority. Work equipment that requires
inspection should not be used, unless you know the inspection has taken place. Where it
leaves your undertaking, or is obtained from another (eg a hire company) it should be
accompanied by physical evidence of the last inspection, such as an inspection report or, for
smaller items of equipment, some form of tagging, colour coding or labelling system.
What you should know?
The circumstances where inspection is required to ensure healthy and safe conditions are
maintained:
 where the safety of work equipment depends on the installation conditions, it should be
inspected after installation and before first use, and after reassembly at any new site /
location
 at suitable intervals, where work equipment is exposed to conditions causing

deterioration liable to result in dangerous situations
 each time exceptional circumstances (eg major modifications, known or suspected

serious damage, substantial change in the nature of use) are liable to have jeopardize
the safety of the work equipment.
Page 68 of 98
Directions: say true or false

1. The result of the inspection should be recorded and this record should be kept at least
until the next inspection of that equipment. (3 points)
2. Work equipment that requires inspection should not be used, unless you know the
inspection has taken place. (3 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating –3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 69 of 98
Operation Sheet-1 Methods to Select Power tools the needs of the job conventional work
practice.
Methods to Select Power tools the needs of the job conventional work practice.
Step 1- Identify the job that you want to do

Step 2- apply personal protective equipment
Step 3- check power sources
Step 4- examine the power tool
Step 5- finally apply your knowledge to operate the tool
Page 70 of 98
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

the following tasks within --- 3hour.
Task 1-use power tools to develop project work and submit for your instructor
Page 71 of 98
(PDF).

ISBN 1566703085 .
Page 72 of 98
Level I
Learning Guide-29
Power Tools
Power Tools
LO 5: Use appropriate power tools
Page 73 of 98
 locating material and holding in position for power tool application

 using safely and effectively power tools in application processes
 Switching and locating safely power tools when not in use
o locate Material and hold in position for power tool application
o Use safely and effectively Power tools are in application processes
o switch and locate safely Power tools when not in use

respectively.
1” in page -84.
6. Do the “LAP test” in page – 85 (if you are ready).
Page 74 of 98
locating material and holding in position for power tool
Information Sheet-1
application
1.1 Safe handling of tools
Workers should be trained on safe procedures for working with tools. However, safe
practices when carrying or storing those tools may not be thoroughly covered. Tools can
pose a safety risk when they are misplaced or improperly handled by workers. The National
Safety Council offers the following tips for safe handling of tools when they are not in use:
 Workers should never carry tools up or down a ladder in a way that inhibits grip. Ideally,
tools should be hoisted up and down using a bucket or strong bag, rather than being
carried by the worker.
 Tools should always be carefully handed from one employee to another – never tossed.
Pointed tools should be passed either in their carrier or with the handles toward the
receiver.
 Workers carrying large tools or equipment on their shoulders should pay close attention
to clearances when turning and maneuvering around the workplace.
 Pointed tools such as chisels and screwdrivers should never be carried in a worker’s
pocket. Acceptable ways to carry them include in a toolbox, pointed down in a tool belt or
pocket tool pouch, or in the hand with the tip always held away from the body.
 Tools should always be put away when not in use. Leaving tools lying around on an
elevated structure such as a scaffold poses a significant risk to workers below. This risk
increases in areas with heavy vibration.
1.2 How to Prepare and Store Tools
In order to keep tools in good working condition during storage, there are some basic
preparatory steps that should be taken. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for
specifics on how to store power or hand tools. It is important to follow the cleaning
and storage instructions, especially for larger power tools such as power saws or
drills.
1. To keep tools tidy, clean them after each use. Wipe down with a rag or towel to be
sure that they are free of dirt, grease and debris.
2. As you do your cleaning, check for damage or defects. If the tool cannot be
repaired, then throw it away. Do not leave it to clutter up extra space.
3. Clean every metal surface with an approved solution and scrape away any soil and
dirt. Completely dry the tool with a towel or rag before it is placed in storage.
Page 75 of 98
4. Coat the metal parts of the tools with a lubricant metal protector spray.
5. Do not place tools directly on the ground for storage. Place small hand and power
tools on shelving.
6. Store short-handled tools in a plastic bin or box.
7. Tie together long-handled tools in a garbage can while in storage. Otherwise hang
these tools on a wall.
8. Power tools should have all surfaces cleaned and completely dry before storage.
Spray lubricant on all metal surfaces.
Page 76 of 98
Directions: Say true or false

1. Tools should always be put away when not in use. .(2 points)
2. Workers should never carry tools up or down a ladder in a way that inhibits grip.(2 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating -2 points Unsatisfactory - below 2 points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 77 of 98
Information Sheet-2 using safely and effectively power tools in application
processes
2.1 Using power tools effectively
When it comes to using tools such as right-angle grinders, flap discs, die grinders, and cutoff
wheels, you should keep in mind some basic tips to help promote safe and proper usage.
Raising awareness of basic safety practices and thinking about safety before the job starts—
and after the job is complete—can help curb accidents and injuries in the shop.
Practicing these basic safety rules when using tools not only contributes to safer conditions
for you, it can also contribute to cost savings for the fabrication shop through improved
productivity and extended consumable life. Additionally, labor-hours are maximized when
injuries are prevented.
Practice Basic Safety.
The following tips can help you improve safety regardless of your application or work
environment.
Wear proper safety gear. Most manufacturers’ tool and accessory instructions include
specifications about the recommended safety gear. In most situations, face and eye
protection are the common first level of protection.
Keep aisles and work areas clear of clutter. This can help prevent accidental trips and
falls in the shop. In addition, doing so benefits your shop’s productivity when operators don’t
have to step over clutter or take the time to search for tools or accessories.
Read the manufacturer’s instructions before using the tool.
It’s important that you understand the basic safety information and proper usage for each tool
or accessory. It’s also a good idea to read any material safety data sheets before using the
tool to familiarize yourself with specific safety considerations for the materials being used.
Inspect the tool or accessory each time it is used. While it sounds obvious, the simple act
of a quick once-over inspection can help you to determine if anything is wrong with the tool or
accessory, such as
chips in the grinding wheel or a frayed cord on a power tool. This is an especially important
step when multiple people use the same tools and accessories over the course of numerous
work shifts in a fabrication shop.
Choose the Right Tools
Another key step for optimizing safety in the shop is choosing the right tool or accessory for
the application and the material. For example, don’t use an electric drill for a job that might
require a grinder. Anytime you force the tool to operate in a way that it’s not designed to be
Page 78 of 98
used, you automatically increase the risk for injury either to yourself or to those around you.
Even when you do choose the appropriate accessory or tool and use it as it’s intended, take
it a step further by checking that all the necessary tool guards are attached and secured
properly before an accessory is mounted on the tool. Disconnect the tool from its power
source before attaching or removing an accessory. Doing so eliminates the danger of the tool
powering on accidentally while the accessory is being attached or
removed. Also, be sure to secure and properly clamp the work piece to reduce the risk of
injury from potential slipping or the piece moving. Never use a tool that has been modified,
as modifications may change how the tool can be safely operated. Employ the SPOT Method
One way to ensure that you are properly and safely using tools, accessories, and
consumables is to employ the SPOT method, which highlights four factors you control that
can limit the potential for injury when using wire brushes and abrasives. SPOT stands for
speed and size, pressure, orientation, and time.
Speed and size. It’s important to match the speed and size of the accessory to the speed
and size of the tool. The RPM rating of the accessory should meet or exceed the maximum
RPM rating of the tool for safest use. Just because an accessory fits on a specific tool does
not mean it can be used safely with that tool.
Pressure . Using the appropriate pressure for the tool helps contribute to safe usage.
Pushing hard to get the job done adds to the potential for injury, and it also can lead to
greater operator fatigue.
Orientation. Any tool or accessory needs to be used at the proper angle to the work piece for
maximum safety. A wire brush, for example, is designed so that the wire tips do the work in
striking the base material. Take care, then, to use it at the appropriate angle to ensure the
wire tips are working as intended.
Time. Using an accessory for too long can be unsafe. When it shows signs of physical
damage or wear, you should replace it as soon as possible. Never use a tool or accessory
that has visible signs of fatigue, such as a crack in a grinding wheel or long wire breakage on
a brush. Inspect the tool or accessory before each use to determine its condition; this not
only affects your own safety, but the tool or accessory’s productivity.
Be Aware of Your Surroundings
Improving safety in the shop happens in part by increasing awareness of your surroundings
and what others around you are doing. Continue to pay attention to your safety even after the
work is completed. Eye injuries commonly occur after the work is done and eye protection is
removed. Keep your protective eye wear on when you brush debris or grit out of your hair or
remove your cap or do-rag. Debris from your hair or cap can still enter the eye, causing
injury.
Page 79 of 98
Directions: give short answer.

1. Mention the tips that helps you to improve safety and effective work.(10 points)
Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 points Unsatisfactory – below 5 points
Answer Sheet
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 80 of 98
Switching and locating safely power tools when not in
Information Sheet-3
use
3.1 Power Tool Safety Switches
Safety switches allow the tool to be turned off quickly
Hand-held power tools must be equipped with one of the following:
Positive On-Off
 Standard on-off switch
 Platen sanders, disc sanders, and grinders with less than 2”-diameter discs, scroll
saws
Momentary On-Off
 Turnoff can be accomplished by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that
turn it on
 Drills, reciprocating and saber saws, grinders, and belt sanders
Constant pressure switch
 Shuts off power upon release
 Circular saws and chain saws
 Always test switch to insure it functions
3.2 Power Tool Safety
Appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety goggles and gloves must be worn
to protect against hazards that may be encountered while using hand tools. Workplace floors
shall be kept as clean and dry as possible to prevent accidental slips with or around
dangerous hand tools. Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches; they are
extremely hazardous when used improperly. The types of power tools are determined by
their power source: electric, pneumatic, liquid fuel, hydraulic, and powder-actuated. To
prevent hazards associated with the use of power tools, OSHA recommends that workers
should observe the following general precautions:
 Never carry a tool by the cord or hose.
 Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle.
Page 81 of 98
 Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges.
 Disconnect tools when not using them, before servicing and cleaning them, and when
changing accessories such as blades, bits, and cutters.
 Keep all people not involved with the work at a safe distance from the work area.
 Secure work with clamps or a vise, freeing both hands to operate the tool.
 Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a
plugged-in tool.
 Maintain tools with care; keep them sharp and clean for best performance.
 Follow instructions in the user's manual for lubricating and changing accessories.
 Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good balance when operating power tools.
 Wear proper apparel for the task. Loose clothing, ties, or jewelry can become caught in
moving parts.
 Remove all damaged portable electric tools from use and tag them: "Do Not Use."
Page 82 of 98
Directions: say true or false

1. General precautions recommend by OSHA are very essential for work environment. (2
points)
Note: Satisfactory rating – 2 points Unsatisfactory – below 2 points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 83 of 98
Operation Sheet-1 Methods of using Power tools safely and effectively in application
processes
Methods to use Power tools safely and effectively in application processes
Step 1- disconnect the power supply before making adjustments

Steps 2- remove any wrenches before turning on a tool
Step 3- inspect the cord for fraying or damage before each use
Step 4-tag defective tools with an “out of service “ tag and replace with “good running order “
Page 84 of 98
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

the following tasks within --- 3 hour.
Task 1- investigate power tool safety in the work shop and apply principles of
documentation .
Page 85 of 98
(PDF).

ISBN 1566703085 .
Page 86 of 98
Level I
Learning Guide-30
Power Tools
Power Tools
LO 6: Cleanup work area and tools
Page 87 of 98
 Clearing work area in accordance work procedure.

 checking Tools and equipment cleaned, maintained and stored in workplace
procedures
 Completing Documentation in accordance with workplace requirements.
 Clear Work area in accordance with workplace procedures
 clean, check, maintain and store tools and equipment in accordance with
manufacturers' recommendations and workplace procedures
 complete documentation in accordance with workplace requirements

respectively.
Page 88 of 98
Information Sheet-1 Clearing work area in accordance work procedure.
1.1. Work Areas
Keeping workshop and storage spaces clean and dry can help prevent many accidents.
Sparks can ignite scraps, sawdust and solvents. Water can conduct electricity. Do not stand
in water, on damp floors or in the rain when working with electrical tools. Keep hands and
tools dry.
Make sure workshops and storage areas have
The proper electrical wiring and outlets needed to run power tools. Install adequate wiring to
handle the electrical load required. All outlets should have three pronged plugs or be double-
insulated. Any outlets that may come in contact with water should have ground fault circuit
interrupters. Never use indoor tools outside. Use only approved outdoor extension cords.
Use one long extension cord instead of several short ones. Do not damage or cut extension
cords. When working on ladders or scaffolding rest power tools on a flat surface or in a bin
secured to the ladder itself. A falling tool can seriously injure a co-worker or bystander. Never
carry heavy power tools up and down ladders. Stop working and turn off the power tool you
are working with if distracted by something or someone. Never look away from your work
when operating a power tool. Cutting tools can be particularly dangerous. If one stalls, switch
off the power and unplug the tool before trying to restart it. When using a power saw, let the
saw reach full speed before cutting and support the work firmly so it won’t shift. Never use
your hands to clear scraps from a sawing worktable. Use a long stick instead. When working
with metal, secure the metal material with clamps or in a machinist’s vise to keep it from
moving. Take extra care when working with hazardous materials. Handle fiberglass with
care. Its particles can irritate the skin, eyes and respiratory system. When soldering,
remember that lead solder is toxic. The work area should be ventilated and flammable
material properly stored.
Page 89 of 98
Directions: Answer all the questions below. Say true or false

1. Keeping workshop and storage spaces clean and dry can help prevent many
accidents.(2points)
2. Do not stand in water, on damp floors or in the rain when working with electrical tools.
(2points)
Note: Satisfactory rating -2 points Unsatisfactory - below 2 points
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 90 of 98
Information Sheet-2 checking Tools and equipment cleaned, maintained and stored in
workplace procedures
2.1 Proper maintenance and cleaning
All tools, equipment and vehicles must be properly maintained so that workers are not
endangered.
Construction regulations require inspections of vehicles, tools, machines and equipment

before use. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools,
equipment, machines and vehicles in order to keep them in a safe, usable condition, limit
downtime and extend productivity.
We must always be aware that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and
can result in injury.
The successful maintenance program is:
 well organized and scheduled,
 controls hazards,
 defines operational procedures, and
 Trains key personnel.
The degree of detail to include in your company's program regarding equipment

maintenance will depend on the kinds of tools/equipment used. Some construction
equipment (cranes) have very specific inspection and maintenance requirements. Mobile
heavy equipment (dozers, loaders, scrapers) may have different maintenance requirements.
Passenger Vehicles (company trucks, cars and vans) may require only basic maintenance.
Power Tools should be maintained in good working order. This may be limited to ensuring
that blades/bits are replaced when needed and that guards or other safety devices are
operable and any damaged electrical cords/plugs are repaired or replaced. Damaged or
defective equipment/tools should be tagged and removed from service.
Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment. Large
companies with a fleet of vehicles/equipment typically have a comprehensive maintenance
program due to the capital investment and/or leasing agreements. Smaller companies may
lease equipment and maintenance services may be included in the leasing agreement.
2.2 Requirements
General requirements for equipment maintenance include:
Page 91 of 98
 Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer.
 Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required.
 Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed
mechanic).
 Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted.
 Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and where the
records are kept.
 Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and
equipment.
Page 92 of 98
Directions: Answer all the questions below.

1. Which one is the general requirement for equipment maintenance .(2 points)
A. service conducted B. Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required. C. a$b
Score = ___________
Rating: ____________
Name: _________________________ Date: _______________
Page 93 of 98
Completing Documentation in accordance with workplace
Information Sheet-3
requirements.
3.1 definitions
Documentation refers to a set of records that exist online, on paper or on hard drives. It is
material that provides evidence or information to serve as a record. In the workplace,
documentation is retained records of employment and company actions and events as
required by legal mandates and company policy. The best human resource practices involve
maintaining both formal and informal records about employment events. This can include
items such as:
 Actions
 Contributions
 Disciplinary actions
 Disputes
 Investigations
 Performance evaluations
 Policy violations
Documentation gives substance to a workplace's activities not only for legal matters, audits
or disputes, but also for rules and regulations. It keeps an office running systematically and
ethically. It would be difficult for employees in a training program to remember everything if it
was only presented orally. During an emergency, staff might not remember the proper
procedure to exit the building without documentation.
Documentation provides standards to a workplace.
For Training
Many workplaces offer training to their employees for career development, new technology
systems, or for health and safety or other policy training. To grasp what they have learned,
employees rely on documentation for a point of reference. It would be ineffective and
wasteful to spend training dollars on a trainer who lacks quick tip sheets, overviews, user
guides or other training documentation, whether as hard copy or electronic.
For Standards on Procedures
Workplace policies help employers manage staff with standards of acceptable and
unacceptable behavior. They outline the repercussions if an employee does not adhere to
the policies. An employee being harassed in the workplace, for example, might feel more
comfortable reporting the incident knowing the workplace's position on the matter based on
the workplace's anti-harassment policy. It helps an employee understand her rights.
Page 94 of 98
For Safety
The Occupational Safety and Health Act says that employers must provide a safe
environment for employees. This includes posting Occupational Health and Safety Act
documentation and industry regulations in a high traffic area accessible to staff. In addition,
employers must post first aid regulations at first aid stations and emergency services and
phone numbers near telephones. Posting documentation is important for employees to
understand their rights and obligations to maintain a safe workplace.
In Case of Audit
From time to time, regulators may conduct a workplace audit for a snapshot of how an
employer runs the business. Auditors will ask for documentation of written policies, rules and
regulations, procedures, job descriptions and inspection reports which might involve
environmental standards, health and safety and benefits to employees. If a company does
not maintain up-to- date documentation, the auditors could report the company to be
violation, which could cost the company time and money.
Page 95 of 98

1. Documentation provides standards to a workplace.. (2 points)
2. Posting documentation is important for employees to understand their rights and

obligations to maintain a safe workplace.(2 points)
Score = ___________
Name: _________________________ Date: Rating: ____________

_______________
Page 96 of 98
(PDF).

ISBN 1566703085 .
Page 97 of 98
This TTLM is developed by
No Name of trainer Qualification Region E-mail

1 Melaku Bekele Industrial automation Oromia
technology
2 Dinmitry George Road construction Harer dimtygere@yahoo.com
3 Abayieh Haile Civil engineering Adis abeba
4 Legese Zenebe Construction Adis Abeba Legsozenebe707@gmail.com
technology
5 Sebisibie Oli construction SNNP R sebsibeoli@gmail.com
technology
6 Mesifin Gezauhagn construction Adis Abeba ethiomg@gmail.com
technology
7 Ashebir Atinafu construction SNNP R Geji1993@gmail.com
management
1. Name of the facilitator

No Name of the Name of institution Phone no. Email address
facilitator
1 Mulaw Limenh ANRS TVED bureau 0918800563 limenhmulaw5@gmail.com
Page 98 of 98

8 MDL

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

8 MDL

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basic building construction works

LO 1: Identify hand and power tools

 Identifying Quality assurance requirements for company operations.

 Identifying Types of hand and power tools and their functions.

 Recognizing Power source and access to power supply.

 Identify Quality assurance requirements for company operations and adhered to

 Identify types of hand and power tools and their functions

 Recognize Power source(s), and access to power supply

1.1 Concepts of Occupational health and safety

As a result of this situation there is a high frequency of accidents in construction, which

Work instructions may come in the form of:

 Verbal or written instructions, Graphical instructions, Signage.

 Manufacturer’s instructions and equipment specific manuals.

 Quality assurance procedures.

1.3 safety requirements

Safety requirements include safe work practices such as:

 Correct application of protective clothing and equipment.

 Safe use of tools and equipment.

 Knowledge of workplace environment and safety. Safe handling of materials.

 Correct use of fire-fighting equipment.

 Correct application of First Aid equipment. Hazard control measures.

 Correct procedures for handling hazardous materials and substances

Directions: Answer the questions below.

Note: Satisfactory rating - 5 points Unsatisfactory - below 4 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Value-based. From this perspective, a quality product is as useful as a competing product

2.3. Quality Assurance versus Quality Control

Consistency The stated requirements should be consistent with all other

Stability expresses the likelihood that the requirement

Modifiable All requirements should be modifiable, that is the structure of the

Directions: Answer the questions below.

Note: Satisfactory rating - 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

3.1 Difference between hand tools and Power Tools

3.2 Different types of hand tools and their functions

Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 and 4 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 and 4 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

4.1 Power Supplies

Precautions for Safe Use

Self-Check -4 Written Test

Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 and 4 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

Steps 1- select the appropriate measuring hand tools

Operation Sheet 2 Identify power tools for drilling

Step 1- visualize the type of tool

Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

2. ^ a b NIOSH Power tools database

3. ^ "Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Noise Exposure Revised Criteria" .

Basis for the Exposure Standard : 24–5. 1998.

7. ^ Nagyszalanczy, Sandor (2001). Power Tools: An Electrifying Celebration and Grounded

LO2. Select appropriate hand tools

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

1.1 Importance of using the right tool for the job

Note: Satisfactory rating - 2 points Unsatisfactory - below 2 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

1.1. Serviceability and safety of hand tools

Directions: Answer the questions below. Say true or false

Note: Satisfactory rating - 2 points Unsatisfactory - below 2 points

Name: _________________________ Date: _______________

3.1 Positioning of hand tools

Construction work has undergone major changes. Once dependent upon

New equipment, machinery, materials and methods have contributed to the

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: _____________ Date:

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: _____________ Date:

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: _____________ Date:

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _

Name: ___________ Date: _