Prelims Introductory Calculus, Problem Sheet 1

1. Let f (x) be a continuous function on [a, b].

(a) Show that
Z b Z b+c
f (x)dx = f (x − c)dx.
a a+c

(b) Show that

a b ab
1 1 1
Z Z Z
dx + dx = dx
1 x 1 x 1 x
where a, b > 1.
(c) Show that
Z bc Z b
f (x)dx = c f (cx)dx
ac a
where c > 0.

2. Evaluate the following integrals:

√ x2
Z Z Z Z
n ax
ln xdx; e cos bxdx; sin x − 1dx; √ dx.
x 2 − a2

3. Let Z 2π
In = sinn xdx
0
for n = 0, 1, 2, · · · . Using integration by parts to show that, for n ≥ 2,

In = (n − 1)(In−2 − In )

hence set up a reduction formula giving In in terms of In−2 . Show by induction, or otherwise,
that  
2n π
I2n = .
n 2 2n−1

4. Find the general solution for each of the following differential equations.
(a) 3x2 ydx + x3 dy = 0 ;
(b) (2x − y)dx + (2y − x)dy = 0;
(c) (x2 + y 2 )dx + 3xydy = 0;
(d) x2 y ′ + xy = 2 + x2 ;
(e) y ′′ − y ′ = 0.

5. Find the solutions of the initial-value problems:

dy
(a) dx = xex , y(0) = 0;
dy
(b) dx = −(x + 1)y 3 , y(0) = 21 .