Chaplin-12

Fatigu
Fatiguw Nuk
m Agen
u wr fhan
an
at b yaluu
Cyie loaduiy Cales fafigue.
uuult in aluu à
th d sbun buluuh
oue
oad u apalid
hesarn e n i l l n thu
't
Cuv'anly
t daun
tho Meta
faila ot

2ypas atipu kocduig

) Rwud fattyu 118or
Stu
Omay

ci) Rapeatiu ogcls

mak

16b hua
Omun

Lenuen loe
Imagulas Gye:
Stu

>Cyue

Tounmeloy

Omin
Mean Stress
O max t Om
1)
, stuen Ran Omax Omin

Sthen dmplikude 7
))
Altwnatin stun
Oa mar-Omin

Stus Ralio, R=Omin

iv) a Omar
(
Anplttile Ratia, A = O
Om.
Omax-Omin
A
Omaxt Omin

FidFind th stren Hali

) T u e na l i a u bstaai
m)Covuraud s t u . t u i

Cyle mn
Shu Ratio, R = max - max
Omun
Tmax =-dmin
 R Omun
O max Omax
Mun

Cenwlant sheu
7biugtPe
A7eRratl shey tnle Pat
Omax Omen-O
ox fodlg m
Slleda (nuan Maxk
eyt
enfu)
stn Cwh
R AN=1,
Omax g

tu Pulntien heluun un faluo aud Shmplituds Rata

Pind
R- Omin A Oa Omax-Omin
Omak. am
Omax +0mun
-Omun
A Omax s R
+Omuin 14R
Omax
A FR A C4E)LiAR)
14R
A HAR R
AR4R 1-A
R -A
1tA ERHA) :t-A
NoTE
R di ud a Omun inshad.Oas a it gi R-
omaf Omuin
In Tuuen ulase a depinad a ttu latr

13 x
 70
11

7
 but nt eaniu
loraln
Rulals aud pelymvu Jailshy yatiuu
.
lay do not undugo plastu tijaumluon

S-N wv data whuu Nu

whuu Nu
ngintuung
data
apUnb
-N
- Cwules
N avuws te stuM
t run

ailune
nd s
u nunbur Cls

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S

- stal,T

N Coely)

w Egualiom

N C
NE No tydu
b failau
stus mplituda pashbo,
hatua Lenstant
ss i goiluuu aa l
cyelu failuGyela to
Mumben Caordinat(N,)
(M,)
SN
S N uautes
unas gia the Tu lacrdiirat
i Fuprisutd by
Lluih
hnsk
Shunsyplütude a Jahigu fe
kekaiau
alnua slao
A Lined Enguatu she pahiguu
indicstid Titanium ajt ie hugh tyula
ul and
uulalsi
lunvkD
uuve
bahaisun
prditaldy
Meous
 Higl cle Fatigus

faliguu
t0 Cyels

Oa

ex st
Erdurantuy
liit

N2 0 N.Ctyu

c cylu fo auluu u Ng
G , tha Number
*At Mun lamplituce e
alisri) nd a Oa it Ng
huom Jheutalal
haruiastal
Cuuwe
thu
apantitulan slun lenel, faltuu.
lenal 63 Jas epinule Gycles de
vnditodu4 that auy slun Callecl
alleel
ta tu hoizudalportion
*Tlu stun Lence
lIni
Endurau
luint euis bhecau
*Ercuwawnu

phuemuioi an ste
Jtr
Yldpaiut kulow a Atun leyel
Atun lyet.
dejarunialon
) Louk e platu
Louk r mpitude
atrun mpli
Constaut atrun
Constut
tuds
fpletied at a
* Nu a
Nauou stun n
 High Mayndcati
fakigu failur!frouli
fraulun Surlata

Bridh )
Rutil frutur.
Beuh
Beach Shmatuin Mar
Mayn
Clamshll or Beauh Hanu

Mital ntuih raitunns

haraituns
rauliu ujaa ual
huuJa
a
C o s Loclan
Mu'cretp
d ncln
Melal
Taiud by Fabigtu
*frautune Suryat
a
diferuul u g o n .
mews Beahu
found.
Hanks are
whv Many u
Hany
oisuy 7) Regu KagufCalon
uuclir ugh,
Harkknewn a 5tmalim.
hmalm.
hvhun puued
bhu uwea
tu Bu
ndnuit adueon Simdlan
Simuan
ndwu
9uxjae
Fraillure suatu
) Rrguon raulires
railares
Brittte Mode
oDuul or

Sapain faligue failuu/Prastuu: failunh

stps in.fargu
Thou arethu
iauk Nuubaluon
ah, Crauk potagaio
tSuddun failine/Erauwe
Crauk intiatuon eaduy slp
Rlastic Shaunn duuy
Due to Sene

u Hebal.
Hetal.

e bunyau
es a e m u d su hu Sgau
at

ncjuh
out o
Auu aduilh
hsup
allud Fnuiou Callud
Mmutal att Ru ye
he feanad tyul

Enmuu

Cueed n tu
cau
fonwaud cyu
slip
y pentive hands
bands n
m
utu
u
l
slp
Jidduiy to r m l
Sup y d i Calld
unmui

hdnun
w
stu Direiluon
Dineilon
m4.
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stp
* n he i d t u surjac duudo
i m d hu Bujac
mena» bneytoi
m brnor
pands u
au talld
taled
eMp wt
aud
in
m
r ii
o t rc
orca
rakk Tomation
domaloM
ouyorvnotuon
inrunmu
uul
k uL
dso
Sulau Creukh
do surfoa unltial
Mutal uvith djormalion
fatiguu, plastu
n
unihad
dur te tto
Crauk Prapagak
ask
get HrefRertuand
oyl
as
pil tle
Nuat Pei
Buuins

A e h 94A A
 otu!

Couk peep agatuonqeuth lcau

utlr dnun
Whuih
pnepapalh
*YTuki
e r - A L o n M a v a b a r n

t
hR Three
thuree pha
pha
(grmuta
u
COCuns
Popajala)
The laauk
stsb e
aN

Ak
Kac TC

Ak max VTi
OmuinTC U
b 3 9bujd utz (OmaxOmin ) VTC

hlaAR Or TC.
dc Crauk geuwth rau Ncycus.
dN

Ps Low
ddN B
t1nuk)
Crauk ungth. ( suyau
C
B,m,n a Constauth
N No f g
a Shrum Ampitud

Ak Kmax Kmin
Ak ada TC
A p au Gmshanb

de ACAY
 I tu Frutire Sujau Man Tho v, Crauk
in

jntial 6n
jniliato Suwyaa on dat s d sjds aud prepagalu
into tla atruial raluoans
Comseucu
m scudiu Amaluo
hetun Juo
Tha duuttua
d ua tau
dumnp laln
duniy
traullud hy
Crak
Crauk
ip
lip
hu diatnu

hecuh marks.
mavns.
Poritu traslive beauh
dnnsube

borween tiuo bul iindicatu

ndicat
dulana bul
*he faue
diutauce
o u a s k p e p a g a l i n
du
MLet Mu
M
thang Jn

Cendiliors
x nLcordu
Rlau Crouk Prepagouty

Locolune undur,
to)fahyeuloaourg

Muhjel
prnpennt
ABhul '
C E t j t e n
leare)

golwu molitio Om
O mun
o.
inO.
Roo MPa R e v e s ecyeb)
)nar = Omun-f00
HP.
Amm. Flnd
Find
4mm.
i) max = o o
Mpa
Creuk Auyt
Crcuk leuyth
of
g r a u w ty
j u t i al
a jniti al hy
groutn
lompouunt Mas rraut
att
Altd million
mulion Cycle
yl
hfta h alir
a
a uh
Aaw
Aeng "gelleun.
aoll na
= 0 k ) 3

20a (TTCn S-and

A: 1P axI
Ak C =4 X 7
Oa Cuay-Omun Cen00 lo0tP 0'o024yo8 m

Ak x
H2e9. looSrxsos
Mpetm dooTC
Ao8 mm.

dc to1%LacoT

|ote , dN
 ss d 1
o-12

X
sontss bi N
-
8x10 1 0 x T y 2 o toA
ovossirdk
dN
de -6
9xIb Yn'xc
dN
N

. 2

3 -%
-

CAS 3 XTDKI0dN

plsl - b

2 xTx to[-
CC xi

1t 4 53.99

b nrs
CC 0o1y. =\Fhm

Crak Popagaton
Compnew Stausn donl alful tu
tu Ak (aluulathom
(alulation
Met Fakun into
entx6mun l o o A

Oa Omak-O man d
efey A
,Ak tbo C e Apo VTm 1
a m u , afu )
nre 39A
P

A
Sultn falue:
M Lnbua dnt
a nuya
pupagálud
Corauk has
When dlu c u d mtha

Auti udiuud aud

cuud

auat Cues
Humalmatu
apladload
n d frutrr
ord by
rautureby
AMD oner héan .
duhid brttle odu

oura
VL Minun's Ruls Cumulalit Calulalid ata
calicalalid a t a

t h J a t t g u lye erperikoa
Jn S-N Cuu alerual
nMuality, u
hnpltude. adrj.
gnd Anen dwg Oyeli
Stumpihudes annpliliude thage,
thange,
chauginysaun
stun amplalude
hlun dhe
la
* n Aus lae inrs u l
alulatud by
thu Jaligut lij N

Bresa
nsFa
Failb.
n3CN

Ng
natsi
a Mun alon
gue halaviour
panvfah and tati
malnel eCN
n )) and
nyel
ofr
stun leid emaurin
Joadsd at (z na). 7tu
na yelu
Juul hul ef G. fa guen b helow.
stun i
a ses lur at
n
Faokigus
takigu uner ule:

NI N3
2
 AA
Ouin

Uoad marn in

Om 10a
Co,ei faid

uon't
foil
Om

oE' Oe
FoS fosvima&
the

FOS
Om 6a

aukual load frem a Maum

to lautuatuy
A sal hosMubjaut 6, o00n
6,000 n omprema
Compremsn
o a Miuumum
75000o pecutalb
.n uuuon
steels uu as
ol lous
uehaudal poreFeatus thu
U
Je 75000 Psi
AT000 Pi
a
rhu bar fo gie
fetou
ua nitur f
3op- fatr 8s
fatigus takuy
 m(Omay 4Omin) FmaxFmn)
abooo
75000 as000
A

500 0+8D00)1 obo

Omax -Omm A

5000 50000
Al7cO0o)
A (L41SOo)
08361)
A 0 92 inchMada
TD 2.12
A
D=163inth

whuh hlowta
hulewo t
wuukh

Noik: and On
C o n b r i n á l o n O a

fatigeuu liy
hhiguu
a inhuih
for the hnul
t ha
stiel h
stual
Auiu
broodnann

u
Soerg
(o,e)

as

Om .
 S mexi

AOmun =OD

Omu
Good Honn u
m
Oa z Omdx O m Omu8

( u) pitn
Omax O m a x

() Sodbrhega 3.3.3
Om maxmaxO 2
de oys

de-(
e[
max( OmaK:)
Ou
T
ma OmaX+Omax
2
 Co,Te)

Om

Tennn
-Cempmn
ble Vabu
peunini ble Valua
hau
theu tThu permini
an Stuy u egaline
ru
iuseasu b

Btres Aplituek
r.
Suvlaca Efful a u Orauk
'a sulaa phvonanen
Fatigu iuanad l
inuaud lo taun
o Cawe
Suyauandruepagalh
inutiatu on lle
failu hehuul puttiu falga l /strengt a
fatrr
rauen en Suryu
Swyacc Reugbrun /staos
O

mitgofcopicdly-
v a l l y s m i t g o s c o p i t a l y

and valluyys
ofuillu
Httal Loesibs
urau JUnutin
Î Jotunuiy
aaRauk
Thu vallays ad
tatigue Bugth andi
reuglun
lne he the Jat'geu
Jati'gu
Hucte uau thi vyatr
strungth aud dite
 atp Shy"
ttu ulaste
Ju Osucl to jununea tu tatigu ult
by pelibuing
.

moblhunud
Lcl b e
Balore Poi uuy nir pelike

eully

/stutau theuyhh.
Onaut n Suryau Prepentis nepagal i n t

n tu Suyete
Craks Anihatd
housugh.u
Skun smm
((osmm
As w materialyHigus u Surfae stuugfh, MMaru dilficult for
higlur
enda
Maloual
and huce
aud tnce higbas
iride thu
Crauk to piepagai
fatigu sturgth thonger by uyate
i made
*Tluskin sutlata lame huaclui nduulion
Mardauig Metluods pku (1)
Niridug ete
Nriduy
Canbuuuiy,
harduuij
Pesiduual8tere on Sulaa
Pusunu
Mon- unilom
nilom
Ridueal stun: Mon-
u
Shu
l
laattii
l

uu
matorualLnlugay

J
U Umma
aiin
n
whuu Stes Atnes
a n a u t

semu X
delanalion
stun
Nlaytu os
oidual
( o m P i '
au hctro duud m tu
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bnd au heridual
hwn, oi
Gaukp poap
gaag
hmatm

puuert th
M a i l e r i a l ,thuy
tuu stu
Mule
f Ju suyau
Jusidual

t c n u e y u

As
 ) Shut Reru

shot
borprenin

an to tu sufa
au plashd
Coppo impinguMmnt p0 d l s
Snnall nulih ad
veloci.Ths
R a t i i a l . whi
heletad at Augh hun hH stoied. whick
reneon tl J as only fls ulal
bufau dbm lpmy
a/lErhlatig
a6nly
uman
dumain AL
apmohm.
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7) Swtha Rolluy.
Componn Shew salhraul

neol33t9
hh ulu
Viud poini Phuernana

Ludrkod ypld IpputyP

NOtLeryP
std T
u Ywibl in
ptiyhu Bu n tur typ
PDi viibly hn iCitstepic
dan Jin
icrcl (Dnd i
70 uon lenyth
Yald Pouhf
Sanpu lougah' m
udPan
yid fein
fom te e a upe
 Kisw aben stcels shoushitrogenew Jouiutn om
ha-
iladito plase sugin Poxulti dlay aule ain

pnd
and thiu Jalled yauld psiut Phenbnmuna
alm dis locatuo
Nihaguu
9u t the Pousence COxbon and

avnd Jhu mebib t huuom s

i puunudd
Ahu iuitins i p bands
t he taut yielaung
yosumec axe Colled ludor bandusbuthu Shraun H u
Audon Mand
t te
aad appAuid, tlu o a l cethon Honce
dis
l
Lo u o n
han hnevamYnl
Lamr
As louu yreld poul
falls froe ppe teld Deint
Atun
Couiuud
yiuld poiuttau dlotatey
Pirud n CethrellAfrmesphe The lud bound siaure

toltrell
Au
r m

Qulocaluo
calueu ee hem
thu slo
*w h e Maonlty e Bauin hardinui
o

tn
itt u l t s
i a
tonphe
u r a , Cw
shrauy
Avaluau e
he fo pLnuy
n sDes, di
urAan Oud
ouunea
dureau

reputively
ypulively
loue
solule at
at s Ass
upintug
bandl arun
hoar taalar
Theudut

(vbou tel, yLeld peiud

oil a e Jw
falugu e ae
H sae
s u o uduvaMo
* Luwg J s n
e thu
Ju
+Cuau
Cuk pup
at t u
hnemeua
Lauk Alasi
Dhune Una
phunouuna,
Jimit NOT E zApat hone yeld
point Mdunane
ndwana Juinit
ut
daum t caue
daum't Cau
the
aelew
shran
Onlosnalen plasti
iu J e w
Cabeu aSa
Aratuw
alugu
Shain pog DheneMNa a
uld tempenti
hualid
hualid Fo ugh
fo Jugu tempemti
Mateva hih
Cold wor kad
ColUud srai agbrug

Axebee

/l Thletal

loadu
fre

ad
uluuen Castbeu
du fo new
a
hu oappLaan oJ v m
bm

u
dulo
i alie A t
l o aluru
atevm o vru.
Nifnotou tlu d locah tr
delotai
ubuhpui
Crauk
Cauk
Cothotl masplhune ocun af
oceun
debsumactiou
lebsmatiou

Matvrial plautu
dn autile
bip Julikehrultlk Malem.al The
Thu
in ugh y l fahguu
bp aubou
ul
a toUeu.
Ju dous Uw
fUw
AOadg
Aadug
a
in
Tn
umbu o yulu
(0ylu
He F
Teuustin:áxo- 5Iylur
2

X x1o = 5xio Cyelu.

Cemprumn

6 se 4,
ime for Lumn

Sxto
 u
The um Tnign - o Jow thot o with

ot u Croik up
iuldDeut plunevana
PHOpaaa
uMs tana khlatiu dalortmali a l k COnst

Suou helow. ta
Te S-N ue tr a sal Heununum e s
tu HoU
salio, (0mui /nax)==-0 8, 1 u l a ) t h a t rhe
i u l ) that rhe
bu
heae
tu
owdid o
APa,MPa lyu
Cai wituand fo yhuu fet'guu

Shes
wnpui(uh 300
(HP)2o0
2 LS lo6 o7
No fcyc

-D &
Cun
omax
30 0
Omax-0 mun
C max-On
O m a x - O m u n
bo
o
6o9
3dma)
Omax -(-o 33a
=
bo o
EOmax

33 4pe
Omar 333.