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Chapter 2
Chapter 2
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
2P P P
P
= = stress = = =
A 2A A A
2
= = normal strain = = =
L L 2L L
Le Van Sy, PhD Strength of materials 2-4
Stress-Strain Test
SOLUTION:
• Divide the rod into components at
the load application points.
P2 = −15 103 lb
P3 = 30 103 lb
• Evaluate total deflection,
Pi Li 1 P1L1 P2 L2 P3 L3
= = + +
A
i i iE E 1A A 2 A 3
=
1 ( ) ( ) (
60 103 12 − 15 103 12 30 103 16
+ +
)
6
29 10 0.9 0.9 0.3
L1 = L2 = 12 in. L3 = 16 in.
= 75.9 10−3 in.
A1 = A2 = 0.9 in 2 A3 = 0.3 in 2
SOLUTION:
• Apply a free-body analysis to the bar
BDE to find the forces exerted by
links AB and DC.
• Evaluate the deformation of links AB
The rigid bar BDE is supported by two and DC or the displacements of B
links AB and CD. and D.
SOLUTION: Displacement of B:
PL
Free body: Bar BDE B =
AE
(− 60 103 N )(0.3 m )
=
(500 10-6 m2 )(70 109 Pa )
= −514 10− 6 m
B = 0.514 mm
MB = 0
Displacement of D:
0 = −(30 kN 0.6 m ) + FCD 0.2 m
PL
FCD = +90 kN tension
D =
AE
MD = 0 (90 103 N )(0.4 m )
0 = −(30 kN 0.4 m ) − FAB 0.2 m
=
(600 10-6 m2 )(200 109 Pa )
FAB = −60 kN compression = 300 10− 6 m
D = 0.300 mm
Le Van Sy, PhD Strength of materials 2 - 17
Sample Problem 2.1
Displacement of D:
BB BH
=
DD HD
0.514 mm (200 mm ) − x
=
0.300 mm x
x = 73.7 mm
EE HE
=
DD HD
E
=
(400 + 73.7 )mm
0.300 mm 73.7 mm
E = 1.928 mm
E = 1.928 mm
SOLUTION:
• Consider the reaction at B as redundant, release
the bar from that support, and solve for the
displacement at B due to the applied loads.
Pi Li 1.125 109
L = =
A
i i iE E
δR =
Pi Li
=−
(
1.95 103 RB )
A
i i iE E
Le Van Sy, PhD Strength of materials 2 - 21
Example 2.04
= −
(
1.125 109 1.95 103 RB
=0
)
E E
RB = 577 103 N = 577 kN
R A = 323 kN
RB = 577 kN
P = 36.0 kips
x = +
x y z
− −
C D ( )
= z d = + 1.600 10−3 in./in. (9 in.)
E E E
C D = +14.4 10−3 in.
1 1
( ) ( )
=
10 106 psi
12 ksi − 0 −
3
20 ksi ( )
t = yt = − 1.067 10−3 in./in. (0.75 in.)