Efficiency

Pumps Number* Flow (L/s) Head (m) Pow (kW) PC Wto, (kW)
{%)
SCHWP-06-06 to 09 3(1) 345 30.3 84.2 122 366
PCHWP-42-01 to 07 ^^ 149 26.0 84.9 44.7 312.9
SCHWP-42-01 to 03 M fl^V 2 (1) 294 36.5 87.8 120 240
SCHWP-42-04 to 06 2(1) 227 26.2 84.3 69.1 S I Pr38.2
PCHWP-78-01 to 03 3(1) 151 20.6 84.3 36.1 108.3
SCHWP-78-01 to 03 m
II 85.8 102 204 fl
Total design power of all pumps in Zone 3 and Zone 4

Total design power of primary pumps in Zone 3 and Zone 4

L • 1369.4 (i<W)

421 2 (kW) {30.76%)

'Value in parentheses indicates number of standby pumps. Pow,p, in each row does nol include Ihe power of standby pumps.

Table I: Major specifications of all pumps in Zones 3 and 4.

under light load, these primary chilled From Office Floors (79-98)
water pumps contribute a large portion
1 ^ Pressure Limiting Valve
of the total energy used in Zones 3 and
4. In the conventional primary-secondary
chilled water systems, the primary chilled
water pumps are piped and dedicated to
each chiller to provide a constant water From Office Floors (43-77)

flow rate in the evaporators, achieving

more reliable control and avoiding the
freezing and rupturing of tubes in the To Office Floor; (43-77)
evaporators.
For the heat exchangers in Zones 3 and SCHVyp-42-OI to03

4, the major function of these primary

chilled water pumps is to provide the
circulation force to chilled water to
overcome the pressure drops. Since both
sides of heat exchangers are chilled water Hx-4: HX-4; nx-4: HX-4;
and the water temperatures are normally T.
higher than 41°F (5°C) for this project,
there is no problem of freezing and
rupturing occurring in the heat exchanger SCHWP-06-06 to 09
4.^
tubes. To reduce the installation cost
and space requiretnents as well as to
enhance the system energy efficiency,
these primary chilled water pumps can
be eliminated from tbe original design
Figure 2: Water systems in Zones 3 and 4 using the alternative design configuration.
and the variable primary water system
can be designed for Zones 3 and 4.
primary-secondary chilled water system associated with the
chillers keeps them unchanged, while tbe configurations of the
The Alternative Design Configuration water systems after the first and second stage heat exchangers
Although variable primary chilled water systems have in Zones 3 and 4 are designed as the variable primary chilled
been addressed and promoted in a number of studies,'-^'^'^"^ water systems.
primary-secondary chilled water systems are still used in Figure 2 shows the water systems in Zones 3 and 4 using
many projects. These systems are simple, and personnel are the alternative design. In this design, the primary chilled
familiar and experienced with them.^ Also, there is a concern water pumps after the first and second stage heat exchangers
that the controls intended to prevent freezing and rupturing and their associated fittings in the original design are elimi-
from occurring in chiller evaporators may cause nuisance shut- nated, and the secondary chilled water pumps in the original
downs of chillers as a result of too-rapid decreases in chilled design are functioned as the variable primary pumps. Tbe
water flow. In the alternative design, the configuration of the bypass line between the primary water loop and the seeond-

44 ASHRAE Journal ashrae.org May 2008