Dds 3

:NDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS
REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY
REVISED FORT OF TII DELHI sETTLEMENr. 109

OL
PHOTOGRAPH-NOT TO
WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE
I'ocially in the hot weather, but he will always wear,

it when are rough and clumsy being , furnished by
b the vi11age C humar
cutting wheat to save his body moist with perspiration from
the dust coming out of the falling sheaves. On occasions of
who generallY gets grain . at the harvest-as payment
hi--total services without going into details if however, he '
for-
, is paid'
ceremony, however, such as a holidY a at a fair, or a marriage, in cash the p rice of a pair of shoes is about 12 annas, or if
t
.
he will put on a longer coat called àngarkha' which comes specially good, a rupee. They The are made of buffalo, cow and
-Id
down below the knees, and in the cold weather this is often bullock hide (the Hindu not objecting to use the lea ther in
lined like a `razai' with cotton stuffing. This garment this way ), and last about four months, the zaminda' r generally
r fhg
.
sometimes takes the same pattern too as our ` razais' and then requires three .pairs in the year.
has a rather comical effect--at o hers it is a gorgeous blue , Para 136.
'
l
orpurple which strikes the eye froirr a distance. The `chador' § 4. There is no great difference in the style of houses
too or cloak is worn across the shoulders over the àngarkha' and
Houses, of Hind{is and Muhammadans. The main thing that causes ,
-
,
s -ism variations is the petunia condition of the household ere.
:moo" s
In the cold weather he wears a `razai' wound about him like dwelling
a cloak ( `lihLf'-` saur ' ) . Pyjamas, ' i trousers tight below b will be to give a rough plan of a samp1e house be-
the knee and very loose at the hips are worn by many lam- lonl;mg to a well to do Jat. - -
.
baad:is--and other mores luxurious. pergs.
!
_.
')
lan
The only difference in the boys dress as compared with
ing into
,
the
,
the man is that he wears a ` langotf' round his middle in-
.. stead of the `dhoti which is assumed when the boy is chang-
The women wear the

an at 17 or 18 Years of
or loose drawers-the àn

-/
e. .
era, l also called tukrf or

i a short sleeved- vest
which covers the breast but leaves the chest partly bare
,
-
Women's
dress.
e
and the abdomen wholly so : and the ` orhea' or cloak veil

which comes over the head and body too.- The. àn "and
òrhna in the case of well-to-do zamfndars are often hand-
somely made of fine linen.
'
'
The Muhammadan zamin dear wears the same clothes as The Mulia,m-
the Hindu, and even fastens his ` pa i' in the same way so madan dress
-
that it is not always easy to discern one from the other. by of men.
his appearance : his `kamari' or àn rkha,' however, is fas-
tened differently, the Hindu fastening on his right side and
the Muhammadan on his left.
c
. The Muhammadan
.. women wear tight trousers pyJamas r ' and women.
and in place of the ànggi' the `kurti which is longer than
the other coming down over the stomach and waist-the chest
too is covered. Their costume is comPfeted by the ` o`rhna',
the only difference. being in the prevailing colour a Muhamma-
dan is very fond of blue, the Hindu inclines to saffron.
The Mnhammadan boy like his Hindi neighbour wears a The Muhan- In the villaga main street its front will b wall . .._.,
°°"" `fangotf instead of '` dhotf, otherwise. he dresses like his madan b o y some ten or twelve feet high with a door somewhere
the middle. Turn in here and yyou find y ourself inabout
1,
father. Shoes are worn bY both sexes of all ages, but a the
generally finds the bare foot best for a long J ourneY, The `dablij. .
`dahliz' (or `dahliJ'' ).. ( a ) which is a kind of porch, it is also
jn which case he carries his shoes in his hand. Then shoes called deorhi as in parts of the Punjab. This is roofed with
rough wooden rafters ( kari ) and opens on the inner side on
The habits and mode of life of the people. [Chapter ViL
sup-
rr
--ti
the court eopi -F11--have of reeds and its J Dints fastened with Ieather. For on
-rtinAillars
Po g ( thumb or situn ) supporting the main cross- to the roof which is used for storing ' war stalks getting
and sleep-
beam (shatir ) which runs along a its length.
a In the dahhj ing in the hot weather, there is the ` parkala a rough set of
horses and cows are fastened up and the `takht' a large seat Drinking steps built up into the inner
side of the ` dahliJ. The water
is often put there handy for a lounge a or a meditative pull at
the ` hukih.' In our friend's house if you look round to the,
water.
for household.drinking is kept in an earthen vessel ( painda
or matka ) kept in the rasoi : it is brought twice daily morn-
"
left i. e. the north end of the `dahlfJ'' You will see a `khor in g and evening by the women from the villagewell.
C..)
or ` than ( b ) or manger put up in the corner. This is gener-

i
l
5. The general name for household vessels is
ally a box like erection made of earth, the `than' for horses baitan '
but this means ProAerlY any thing used or use bartna
cqq
rs say four feet high, the khor for cattle lower, either ,solid (
,
s
bartawa ). The earthen vessels collectivelyare barge ' and
or hollow underneath to admit of an arched recess (tak) a
H.
-_._
- '"
convenience which a thrifty zamindar is _very fond. of and
<_:
will alwaY ge-iu°o wadsandspare AVicesvlien he=wn- gt
.
the metal ones kasan. Taken separately there is first.
'- _
.
_. -_
_
deg
_
_ - - -
fOr _ usalmans ,) for cooki g
dal and khichri --of small size-its lid is i dakhni. '
-._.
the right hand end of the khor is the ` kundi ( c ) a hollow
made in the top of the manger for the in of the animal 2.-` Toknf' of brass { ` de gcha for Musahnans ' for cooking
(when he gets any). The rest of the manger is kept fororfodder, -lar
..
- a is made-either of wood
an edge earth 3.
rice and dal e. - -_. - - .-
.
- Tokna ( deg for Musalmans ) the wane but er.
to prevent the food from falling when tossed about in eating. 4.-
The inner door of the `da liz' is not generally exactly opposite The chauk.
Household
Tha1f ' (rikabi of gansi -a
cauldron.
o
vessels,
the street door but on one side, so as to. make a screen for 5.-` Bela' or ` katora' ` Yala for Musalmans ' ) of
_..
_ -the `chauk (d) where the women
.
in
and children. of the
house pass. much of their time and the hot weather sleep-
.
kansi --for drinking,Hulk or sit ' ( lassl)-- brass

.
when of a smaller size.

o
) katorr
or
-
0 cattle too stand about in it. Going across.
come to an ante room or verandah roofed like the dahhz ( e)
the yard we 6.-` Lo to or ` banta ' ( badna for Muralmans ) drinking
bg ves-
sels of brass.
>. and leads'no to the inner rooms or `koth5s' { also called.. The kothi.
(b1
1
òbaras ' ( fIn the corner of the dalan ( b ) or in a 7.-`,bkhora' very small like a glass in shape and size-of
brass.
corner o f th e i n side roo m will be the `kothf' or house granary
F
-
8.-
Referent
made of hard earth well mixed with chaff and cowdung and Chamcha' a brass spoon for stirring the f
,
being
cooked
built up very carefully by the women-folks a span height at
a time. It looks white and clean and stands four feet high 9.--` Parat' {` tabak for Musalmans' of brass a tiaY, rn which
or more. A good vctife will generally adorn her ` kothf 'with the flour is Tooled before cooking.
INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS

BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY.
COPYRIGHT
C.3
fantastic representations of peacocks, parrots or other birds, 10. Bilommi or churn, an ingenious mstrument which,
done in chalk or with the red earth (` gerhu') which is sold
.
of grain an however, is well known.

in the bazar : a big `kothf' will hold 50 maunds ,
average one about 30. Its lid is called ` Aalign.' The .cook- There will of course be a grinding null ( chaki
k ' to
-, 1'ng of the family is done in the `dalan' or, as is very often the afford the women some thing to do
a ,
.. case, the room at the east end of the ,north dalan will be open Para 138 Hindus and Muhammachns alike wear ornaments
6.
tot
and the cook room there Tarot ) .( g.) The rooms which
.
- __women's in the ear and nose, on the forehead and crown of the head
INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY
are here shown at the-east-end-are the principal, rooms of. the

_.
ornaments. the neck, chest, uAAer arm and wrist ( ` kal'"aic or ` oncha' '
house. Their chief furniture will be `charpais or `kat one the inner
Furniture of
thumb (angutha ) and finger ' ankle ( `takhna ' and toep (ungif).)
for each member .of the fam11 y-one or two low stools for the rooms. Gold is not worn on the foot but any y of the other ornaments
w nwomen to sit on ( pidha )-the cotton spinning wheel maybe made 'of it, if the wearer is richenough to afford it :
,.,
W (` charkhf ' )-and the women's clothes box, a wickerkept in a
some two feet high ` attar ) ;the men s clothes are
basket for the most A
, however, the material is
' silver ;.poor people
have them of Pewter (_rang ) orbell-metat (` kansi ' The num- '
locked box together with ornaments and papers , . , or other pro-
).
,value.. There i s eneral1y too a ` chaJ or fan made her of the different kinds is very ge bunt will be. enough
ry large .
_
perty of g to mention those most comnlonly worn...:. . .

E REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY
REVISED REPORT of TIIE DELIii sETTLE3tENT. 1Y3

OPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-NOT TO
L
PERMISSION OF THE
(1).-On the crown of the head--on the `choti' is worn a Womene
1
IO
ornament.- (1()).--Fin er rings are worn (anl;uth)

i on any finger by botti
silver or bell-metal ornament also called ` choti.' This (Continued.} classes.
is not now in fashion among the better zalnindars-the
poorer caste still keep it up;a bel-metal `choti' costs five (11).-On the ankle is the ` laz eb (or foot ornament) a ring
or six annas, for silver ornaments the price including the with pendent balls, alike for Hindus and Muhamrnaia1ns. .
making up is as a rule, Hs. 1/ per ` tola,' Muhammadans (12).-On the toes there are the challa and bichua for ,
have the same name for the ` choti' and use it without Hindus. The Muhammadans wear only the first which
any reference to caste. is plain, while the other has three bars of raised .work.
.
1O
(2).-On the forehead ' `much ka saz'-a chain ornament The `challa' is worn on any toe but when the ` bichua
i '
.
is used it occupies the second thud and fourth.
#
fastened on the top of the head and coming down on

_i
each side round to the ear where it joins the earring.
R1 ,_'- oua
Men's orna- A1l these .are _worn
_ -_- onl -men whether. HuidG
_ _ by women .
axi weattlie fiilloan ;-

- , -_-- --- = -
(3 .-The earring for the Hindu is the `Bali' and for the O .-On 1 the chest the `tora' or `kanthila' made p of five
ade .up
Muhammadans ` jh{ mka' : the shapes of the body of chains with two blocks ( `singhara ' ) where they fasten.
the ornament are slightly different and the little balls The chains Bang in front, the .blocks on xhe
are hung from it in different fashion-the `baJi' liaviiig top of the chest on each side.
three balls ` gonghr{i' in a chain and the `'humka
J hav- (2).-The Hindu may wear a rosary (` mala') one bead of gold
ing no chain but the balls immediately pendent from and the next of coral-the Muhammadans do not .wear
the main part. The ear also is differently pierced
. : the
this.
Hindu has a hole in the lobe and in the outer rim at the
- top,. the Muhammadaii has some 15 or 20 perforations (3).-Both wear the `kare on the wrist; a plain bracelet or
all the way up the ornamented it may be with some representation of a
lion.
4 (4).-For the nose there is the oath a name conmmon to (4).-There is the signet ring (mohr) worn bY all or rather
,
Hindus and Muhammadans-it is a ring ornamented with possessed by all-it is not seldom kept in the `
a picture generally of a parrot for Hindus, or imita-
tion jewels. The Muhammadan. wears the imitation bi toe whether belon 'g
to a Hindu or Muham-
jewels, but I believe not pictures.
. madan may get a `challa.' Though these ornaments are
() -On the neck is the `hansla' or `hansli' the usual horse
shoe shape-worn alike by Muhammadans and Hindus.
said to belong to men it is not a common thing to see a
Hindu zamindar wearing them unless he is a dandy or

BE REPRODUCEI)
COPYRIGHT
dissolute fellow. Very few of the better class have I
(6).-On the chest the women wear the ` jhalra' which may be seen with them. Boys wear them up to about eighteen
a rupee or other ornament hung on a string round and ear rings to boot, but leave them off gradually as
INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY &RECORDS
- the neck. hair comes on the face. Earrings go first, then the
7 .-On the upper arm is the `bazu-band' a. jointed ring bracelet : the youngster maY keep the chest ornament a
d
and `tadd(`d' pronounced very heavy) abroad plain little longer if he likes, but he will get talked about and
rin _The Muhammadans wear_only the first-Hindus perhaps laughed at if he wears ornaments wheii he has
both. -- become aTather-accordin g to the saying
d
()
8 .--On the st is the `matti' or `kangni' worn generally
by Hindus only. Sometimes, however, the Muhamma-
`Ja ghar s matakani Bahu ko kaisa. Si>hgghtr.' _
dans also wear it. The Muhammadan speciality here In the house where the mother-in-law is fond of adorn-
:::r-is "the nau 'iri' a bracelet of nine pieces strung on a ing herself what sort of adornment will there be for the,
string : the ` kangn ' is all one piece. daughter-in-law. ..
(9(9).-The thumb ring with mirror (arse) is worn .alike bY
TO
- Hiudfis and Muliainn]adaiis, .
NDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS
116 nEVIsE REPORT of THE (, ) DELI1I sErrLE3iEST.

H-NOT TO
PERMISSION OF THE
behaviour of evil spirits with the crops--of unwary husband- hn' ed. Till all this is done the house is unclean,
n
men such as those related in Settlement Report of Hoshun- and as such cannot be entered by neighbours, no one goes
gabad, but I have been assured of the existence of professors into the room in fact except a woman attendant.
of "clairwirYance,"r me who.cau, tell others "what ,their wives
'
.
-
:. -- .
ay fifty miles off." This lea is called `bhut bid 'a'

REPRODUCED
(dcemonologY) and there was a few years ago a well known 12. The first eat ceremony in life after birth is the
professor of it at `Ny buns' in Sum Pat. betrothal in marriage. This is made usually in very tender
c.
OPYRIGHT
years, there is no minimum age. The proceedings are much

- ' 10. The Jat boys play hockey ` gend khuli' but the 1 ara 142. the same for Jests and Guars, the Muhammadans following
goals on either side are as wide as the place PlaY.ed on-and the Hindus with striking similarity. Matters are thus manag-
. not. limited to the narrow space of the English game : another ed :-The father or other nearest relative of the girl sends a
game.very much answe _ ' to the fine Punjabi me of `Pit Brahmin ores `nai (it does not apparently matter which) out on
-
----k,dh--ab'li''r'ìclt.'h-=
.
.---
_.
-- '' li-vidod -into thgsearchd'or suitable- natoh. =_Tdie Brahmin to some -
two sets .each in their base and when a man is sent by one .friend of his own caste ( or the `nest' to a brother `nest') and asks
set, one of the other set goes after him to touch him, and for information about a suitable bridegroom. The other will
after touching him to get home to his own base. The other tell him of such and such a bov, and get the.lad to his house
- -man, however, having been touched doses with him to pre- or elsewhere to show him to the messenger, to _.see that he
vent this. has no bodily defect, such as lamenss, deafness, being one eyed
11. I have not been able to devote much attention to Pares 143. or the likes The messenger being satisfied goes back to
-
the investigation of social customs but some of the leading report to the g'll'1's father. Then on a lucky' day [` subh-thith' ]
ceremonies may be noticed. They will be found related in fixed byY the Pandits, both `nai and Brahmin will go, talong
(DO
Social cere-
the vernacular in the. `riwj"ram.' When a boy is born the monies. a rupee to the relatives of the girL If they consent, the
_J&
. _
representation of a hand with outspread fingers is made with betrothal is made forthwith on the day mentioned by the .
geru'* or `mendi' on the outside wall of the house. Pandits. On that day the relatives of the bo Y are collected
Muhammadans use the emblem in chalk on occasions of rejoic- At Birth. P and if the family is one of position, Persbns of other families
c
.
ing, such as Id and at- naril tee. The Hindu may make pictures .
living near also. The boy is seated on a low seat (chaunki)
at such times but he keeps the emblem of the outstretched covered with cloth ; he is handsomely dressed for the occasion.
t
CD
hand for a birth, and for a birth of a son-not for a gir1. It The Brahmin of the gr il's ,family will make a mark (tik'a) on
is called thaPa . On the sixth day after birth, rejoicing is made his forehead with haldi (saffron) or `roll ' ( a mixture of saffron
in the house by the women who call in their neighbours of the and borax). The Brahmin also gives him a rupee and places
a sweetmeat or some sugar in his mouth. For this service he
WITHOUT PERMISSION
same sex ; sweetmeats are distributed. On the tenth day
BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY
COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-NOT TO
,
(among Hindus only) is the ` dasutan'-a homely feast and gets Rs. 4'- from the boys father, while his confrere the
the ceremony of `Hom' is P mixture called
Performed-a barber gets Rs. 3/- and it may be an, old garment. The
Sakal) of rice, ` ghi,' ` J'au,' ` til,' sugar and five fruits i. e. friends .also join in a feast of ` shakar (molasses), and the
pistachio, cocoa-nut, large raisins, almonds dates ) is ground matter is accomplished. The amount of fee slightly varies in
E
a
up and a little of it thrown in fire in the room where the Purification. different tribes ; it is given at the time of dismissal and is
boyY is born and the mother and child are set before it, h
room hav uig-been `leeped ' and the earthen household vessels
te called ` bidsgi' or ` rukhsatand. Among the Gaurwas a
cocoanut ( nariel) is given with the rupee to the boy, and this
is done also by the RjPuts,Saris and some others. The
* Geru see Punjab Products page 23-is a hard red laminated earth used Brahmins follow the proceedings throughout like the Guars.
for dyeing. It is obtained from Dera Ghaaf Khan.
The Shaikhs saesY the -have only a verbal agreement without
Mendi (or Henna) see Punjab Products page 348-scientific name Law.
soma iuermis is a hedge-like bush, cultivated in gardens for .the dye obtained any Particular ceremony. Meos have slight variations from the
from its leaves. .
Guars
J in details, but none of importance. , The f:x Perase here
is almost entirely on the side of the boys father who Prt vides
THE
+ After a marriage, however, the bride's mother when she dismisses her
daughter to her husbands house the flirt time (which is for a few days only), the entertainment for his friends, and the fees for the cere-
puts her outstretched hand in a vessel of mendi' and then marks the breast of
monial messengers.
E
the biidegroouf father with it.

OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS
118 REVISED 8E10&T OF THE

COPYRIGHT PHO'TO'GRAPH-NOT TO
The habits and mode-0f life of the people. [Chapter 7T.IL

WITHOUT PERMESSION OF THE
Para 145.
dO NOIS
Marriage should follow betrothal in the first or

13. dered earth is put and on this the fuel which is `dhak' wood
third or fifth subsequent year. The even years are considered Marriage. is Ailed up in regular layers. This preparation of the earth
unlucky. It is considered disgraceful if a girl is not married is called ` bedhi.'. The clothes of the bridegroom are tied to
by the time she is. 15-and
, it is not the custom to have her -
those of he bride and then she follows him seven times

married before she is a. The Jats say they think the girl round the firethe right hand being on the inside. A Brah-
BE REPRODUCED
should always be married by the time she reaches 11 years of min representing each family recites texts and declares the
awe. The boy must be 5, but above this there is no limit genealogy (` sakhachr') of the bridegroom and bride back
'Y
d
as to maximum ; he will marry when he can. As a rule a man seven generations. The bride and bridegroom have nothing
has only one wife, but this is rather the limit of cost than of to say. When the turns (`phere' }have been made, the
fancy or custom. A rich man will not seldom take a second pair are sent inside the house, and the women inspect the
J
wife while the Meos and Probably all Muhammadans take two bridegroom.
.
After this he goes back to hir friends and a
er even one; cvn3mon1Y;if they have the means. feast is given by the bride- rt, . With the procession the
I
The first marriage is called by the fats and other Hindus girl goes back too. She remains ten or twenty days in the
house of her husbands father, and then returns. with a Brah-
`shads' and it is Practised by almost all Hindu tribes in the.
93U
min or a ` to her parents.
same way called ` Ahere.' The eight . forms of the strict
Hindu Law are unknown. The formalities may be describ- When the `barat' first comes there is apeculiar. cere-
ed as follows :- .
mony the meaning of which symbolical or otherwise is not
.
,... Two or two and a half months beforehand the parents of easy to understand: The bridegroom
, aki'
is stood on a ` chani .
he girl send intimation that they are willing to have the or stool in front of the brides house and a lamp is waved
-
,
narr' eon a certain da. This intimation is written and
g
in front of his face in a circle. His friends scatter ` paisa to-

.
'-
The cere-
the letter is called ` pili 'chithi' Then not less than nine monial form of
the poor people of the village. The lamp is waved by one
and not more than tweet -one days before that day the `nai of the brides woman-friends-and the ceremonyis- called
and Brahmin go with it to the parents of the boy. The ` arth. She has a tray with a rupee, saffron, and rice on it
.
pIli chithi is written in Shashtri and fixes the hour (be- and this with the lamp, p, she raises and lowers seven Mmes.
tween sundown and. sunrise as well as the day of the cere- When this is done, the bridegroom goes to the `'anwasa.'
mony. The proceeding is called ` 1 n.' The parents of
the boy come with the marriage
'
a procession (` barat ) to the The Meos, a Muhammandan tribe, have of course the
Q-1.
The Meos.
village of the girl, but on arrival outside, it halts and a `nai' ` nikah' of their faith, and do not have an
Y halt at the
is sent forward to announce the approach of the party. The `khet. The bridegroom wears the `sera a long b necklace of
Q
halting ace of the procession is called ` khet.' The friends flowers strung on a string, but does not as all Hindus do in addi-
of the bride now come to meet the others, and all go in with tion to the `sera' wear the paper head dress called `maur.'
$_l
They also instead ' of the ` la n,' send a coloured string
I
gy made
music and drums, Money, ornaments, and clothes, according .
'
RECORDS
to the means of the family, are presented at- the ` khet' and up of coloured threads, with knots tied , in it to
then the bridegroom's party go on to e place in the vil-. show the number of days after its arrival at the boys home ,
a
d
l
or other for the date of the marriage.. This parti-.coloured string is

a prepared for their reception, either a. ` aupal,
)age -
called kalawah and the proceeding of sendinga it is ` gninth.'
d
a or it may be, a tent. Thi lace is called I
suitable building, .
`'anwasa. The marriage then takes place, an on the third The Shaikhs read the `nikah iii the orthodox waY`
do the other Muhammadan tribes.
ai d so
day after its arrival the procession goes back to its own vil-
1age. The actual ceremony is thus made :- rara 146. 14. Nearly all the tribes keep the custom of `muk-
A canopy ( ` manda ' ) is erected before the dwelling-, lava' or `gona,' which precedes cohabitation. This is the
'
`Mukla,wa.'
dO
rooms of the brides parents in the courtyard, (`chauk.
R
r.
TI
.` ` final leave-taking of the bride, and the departure to her

Under this canopy a fire is lighted on a `chabfitr raised about
.
husband's home for g The bridegroom sends notice
good.
. of
a foot high and a cubit square. On the `chabutra' fine pow-
U
. his coming to fetch his bride, an on the other side's
eein he comes with his friend, and the ceremonyof
OL
c
inuklawa' is gone throb
122 REVISED REPORT OF THE DELHI SETTLEMENT.' 123
OFFICE LIBRA
The habits and mode of ]ife of the people. [ChapterQIL
almost oerrarniy a kind of memoria1 o ___-_l__-_
(`chhatri' over the spot where the corpse was burnt. In
such case of course the cremation has taken, ,place on rlvate
Administrative and /,fseefaneous . ' ....----
-
land not on the common ground like the ma hat. .The -

Muhammadan corpse is of course burred not burnt. It is 1. The district as before noted has three tahsils
washed and dressed as with Hin
RECORDS
prayers are read at the which convenient)Y enough divide its area anion them. Suni-
grave as usual with men of this faith. .
pat is 28 miles north of Delhi and Ballab h 22 miles to

. .18. Thirteen days after a death theJat feeds Brahmins, Para150. the south both towns are connected with the sadr by
and ` Hom' is rformed as at birth. The Muhammadan metalled roads. The thanes are 11 in number Mahraulf
performs this kind of charity Ceremonies
y to fakirs on the 20th and 4Uth after death of '
Aliput, SuniImo't, Lalsaulir NaJ'af$h, Farfdabad,' '
days, . The Hindi continues his alms once month- for..a,, ..relations
t ..- , _ _,,-_- Nanglo, Jat2 ...
pity a
Rai and two in the immediate vicinity of the
_ _
J , arid `Sai z naandff There are a1so1 sub-

t barsbdi On the _
_ _-
Y _
fourth anniversary (`chaubarsf' he gives a cow to )Brahmins ordinate `chaukis' in various parts of the district most of
and clothes. After. this once a year
y he has to feast the holy them being on the main roads: in Delhi tahsfl 12 Sunipat
men, and the day is called kluy af. 7 : Ballabgarh 12. Other facts as to the number, distribu-
tion, and work of the police are given in Appendix VIII, the .
idea of which was taken from the Hazara Settlement Report.

'
The Tahsf)dais of Sum t and Ballabgarh are ex-officio
sub-re ' tears of their tahsils, and the Treasury Officer at the
sadr does the work for the Delhi tahsfl. There are no special
sub-divisions for registration purposes
. , besides . the tahsEls.
The Deputy Commissioner as usual Is the District Registrar.
2. The administrative staff usual)Y consists of the
followin officers but of late ears the number of Assistants
and Extra AssistantS has occasional)Y varied :-
Deputy Commissioner.
JudicI'aAssistan
l t _
Assistant Commissioner.
1

WITHOUT PERMISSION OI THE
BE REPRODUCED
2 Extra Assistant Commissioners.
Judge of the Small Cause Court.
3 Tahsfldars.
3 Naib Tahsildars, .
District Superintendent of Police.

'2 Assistant District Superintendents.
The Civil Surgeon.
' One of the Extra Assistant Commissioners is generally
a Europ can in charge of the treasury and one of the Assis-
tarts of the Police fficer is specially m charge of the City
Pohce for which he receives au additional allowance.
REVISED REPORbF THE DELHI SETTLEMENT.

Administrative and Miscellaneous.

OF THE
The cost of the administration as thus carried on is given 1. Statement of Cases and Persons brought ,
in the accounts of the Accountant General's office as .

95,600/- for 1879-80. to trial, Delhi District.
_ '-.3, - The P-01iee fore of the district for the same year- Para 153.
is shown as below :-.
' Police force No. of CAsEs No. of PEBsoxs TaD.

of toe district. Cases and
persons tried.
IxSPEC DEPCTTY Ix- SERGEATS. STABLES.
_
WITHOUT
TOBB. $PECTOIiS
offences,
---- TOTAL
For
Post.
CLASS. _ OF ALL
;
2nd Grade.
2nd Grade.
2nd Grade.
. ai
3rd Grade.
3rd Grade,
3rd Grade.
m m
Grade.
let Grade,
1st Grade.
m q
1877 664 2,416 3,080 1,056 4,552 5,608
Mounted.
ti ` .1,059
I,a.
V C3 C o Li
1878 2,197 3;256 1,429 3,508 4,937
b;_ bN b
2nd
4 d o ;1
A
mI
,-1 I cv CO .tm C W
m
Q m l m
1879 .
774 1,760 2,534 982 3,178 4,160
Impenal.....
-
.. ... 3 5 7 3 3
e
.
2 .. , . 1 6 3 832 2,124 1,957 3,746 4,902
Cantonment .. ... ... ... 4 1
Supplied to
private com-
panes..
D etail, uo
.
n . .. j ll. Statement of more heinous criminal offences:-

.
.d q
q :tt
Criminal Trespass and

i .
DERB.
-- -
c3
Receiving and dealing

Referent
TOTAL :.. 2 ... 4 5 1 16 30 a
coin
,,, -
, ,
More hein- .
u
.
- --- --- ----

a
house breaking.
_
o -----
stolen property,
;
hp
.
ous offences. a
Offences against
Other Murders.
TEAR. q0
a.
m s
By Robbers.
This to every 525 persons in the .
By Dacoity.
By Poisons.
E
,+ ' '" n
A
w to C+
stamps.
aFi
, ,
m `°
pulation; to say of the cliaukfdays who (see ya
Robbery.
nothiu,,g pa a, A
-.. -. -- --
op _ p_a_i A
Dacoity.
.
s .m ti
. pm
312) number 908. Delhi thei Tore is oneo the oat jealouslY m E, A Pi a
o .o ., p
o ,
w
guarded districts in the Province for the whole of which the
m o
o
- .
o Fl B O p
constable averages about 1 in 890 of the population.
Pq
- E-
The population of the Delhi district as a rule is

4. 1877 20 . ... 1 5 4. 3 171 351 .119
'
not addicted to crime. The Gujars as before noted are bad ,.. ... ... ... 6 258 555 184
- -
1878 59 1 3
thieves but nearly all the other tribes are peaceable and
... ... ...
fairly honest, crimes of violenee- are not common. After the 1879 ... 1 1 3 180 398 156
1'IitltinY, John Lawrence (I think it was) wrote :-" of the

estic population a lame proportion are predatory , and tur-
--llulent by nature, but they appear now to know their masters, AvEn.OE ... 30 ... ... 6 '6 4 13 3 203 495 153
and behave accordinbly," he 1essoli ieceived in 1807

pp
OFFICE
I
appears to have had permanent effect, for I do not think an Y
considerable numbers of Delhi zamindars could'n w be des-
. This cannot be said to show an i more than moder- .
Cribed as 111Mbehaved. I give some crlmin 1 statistics below:-- ate crilninalitY. .. . ..

.
LY
I
OL
OBI
OFFICE
COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAP H-NOT
Previous Fiscal administration of the, District. [Chapter

INDIA O FFICE LIBRARY &
to the Muhammadan law, to the inhabitants of the city. of wisdom which afterwards paced him so high on
o
"Delhi, and of the assigned erritoYy.. That no'sentences , of Indian names. As a mere bo he had in 1809 the roll of
the Criminal Courts extending to death should be carried .
and successful) y treated with Y confronted
the great Ruler of the Sikhs
"into execution without the express sanction of his Majesty, and the early
Y charge of the Del hi' reside _ was the im me-'
BE REPRODUCED
to whom the proceedings in all trials of this description diate reward of his brilhantl
' Y self-reliant management of
"should be reported, and that sentences of mutilation should
be commuted That to goes to $aa_
the treaty of the SatlaJ'-" one of the best kept treaties of
Indian History. In December 1818 he entered the
for the immediate wants
of his .Majesty, and .the provide
Royal household, the following
. daraba4L
pewod of his life bY transfer to Haidarabid as Resident,
troubled
Ochterlony returned for two years with Henryy and
"sums should be paid month), y in move Y from the treasurY
of the resident at Delhi, to his Majesty Collector. In 182] Ochterlony went to Ra,, utan, ' on as
I
for his Private ex- p and, after

penses, sicca Re. 60,000/-; to the herr-a anent, exclu- an acting c e b Middleton Alexander Ross was -a -
Reference V
`°
sive of certain. J , sicca Rs. 10,000/-; to a favourite pointed in 1822 .to the administration as Agent to the p
"son of his Majesty, named Mina Tzzat Bakhsha sites Rs. Governor General. In 1823 William Fraser acted
5,000/-; to two other sons of his Majesty, stets Rs. 1,5001-; and then Charles Elliot succeeded for a few monthsas Agent,
to his Majesty's fifty younger sons and daughters, stets went as Agent to Farukhabad and Charles Metcalfe when he
"Rs. 10,000/-; to Shah Nawaz Khan, his Majesty's treasurer;
"sicca Rs. 2,5001-; to SaiY ad Razf Khan British Agent at his
back again as Resident with
conduct of foreign relations with Kabul
this capacity he was present at the memorable
pan came
Ra'Jputana,,and the
' and Lahore. In
"Majesty's Court, and related to his Majesty by marriage,
." stets Rs. 1,000/- ; total per mensem, stets Rs. 90,000/-. capture of BhartPur. In 1.828 he was appointedsiege and
That if the produce of the revenue of the assigned territo Sir Edward of the Governor Gene rat's Council and was member
Sir E. Co1ebrooke, The scandal that occurredsucceeded
rY bY
)
Colebrooke.
"should hereafter admit of it, the month)Y sum to be ad- in this
tleman s tune is well known, and also the unpopulargen-
( 5)
(q)
a vanced to 1iis- Majesty for his

private expenses might be but
'
3
"increased to one lakh of Ru pees.'` That in addition to the courageous part taken in the matter by Charles
TrevelYas
"sums ..specified, the sum of stets Rs. 10,000/- should then .acting as his Secretary: The way in which the
.
is described in a native account, perhaps by n intention affair

"annual)Y be paid to his Majesty on certain festivals a ee- al
"ab1Y to ancient usage." euphemism, is that « in his time Ram Go al,Yand others
Reference
-
,
p
dependants, made bribes run high (rtshwatsttanf k; of his
3.The first Resident of the Delhi territory was Sir
David Ochterlony* who was in charge from 1803-1806.
Para 171. garm ki " ). The result was that the Resident was 'r
b
re-
SirD. Ochter- moved. William Fraser was appointed to act, but
He had not been.a year in office before the city was besetged lony as Resi- removed for openly showing sytnpathy with the accused
was also
WITHOUT PERMISSION
IM
by Holkar whose large and well appointed army was, as is dent.
BE REPRODUCED
Mr. Hawkins succeeded but as he was not acceptable
well known-successfully beaten off by a handful of Europeans king, Mr. Martin was appointed and remained there to the
till
'RECORDS
and natives under the gallant leadership of their soldier- ,
1832 when the. Residentship was abohshed and an

governor, until Lord Lake returned. General OchterlotY's again constituted RaJputana was made a'se paste Agency
bravery, however, was more acceptable to Government than leaving Delhi, and the .protected territo ry, and the charge,
r
his civil administration, and to 1806 he was removed to relations still with the local admvustratton. William foreign
:
Fraser
PHOTOGRAPH-NOT TO
LudhiSna then a frontier station. His successor Mr. R. G. however, was murdered in 1 835 at the instigation, as
Seton from Bareilly, was a man of high character and ami-
Mr. Seton.
proved, of the Nawab
it was'
able temperament, but wanting in self confidence, and in punishment. Then came of Firozp ur who met with con
the long administration of Thomas
PTactical energy of decision. He leaned much on a stronger Metcalfe reaching for 18 years ap to 1853. During h is
[Sri
man than himself, Charles Metcalfe, who on his departure to accordance with tie march of politica1 events, andtime
pe in 110 was appointed
for Europe to the important pot the
3
, s of advance of our border toward the north, the Protected

Delhi Resident. For nine years he remained in it develop- Charles Met- States
OFFICE
calfe were .,put under George Clerk afterwards Sir G. Clerk

in .that administrative experience and vigorous practical at
THE
_,
Hansi, Hissar and S'us still remained connect- '
L
O
138 REVISED REPORT OF THS
PERMISSION OF THE
OFFICE
INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RE
COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-NOT
Previous Fiscal administration of the District. [Chapter I%.

is in force" is pea 1 true-the criminal* administration is a. (1).-In December 1819 the Collector submits a report
most neglected and most corrupt." Report on on certain points in the revenue system ; he remarks
some features "that the term `zamindari,' as used in Ben 1, is insppli-.
§ 7. The great idea indeed of successfully managing a b of the revenue
the revenue appears to have been to put strong pressure on cable here, as there are no single owners of estates ;
BE. REPRODUCED
system 1819.
the tenure of each
subordinates; beginning at the Tahsildar, who was held per- proprietor is limited ' to a certain
l
sonally responsible for balances.t This pressure was, passed " specific spot, to a certain number of b' ahs. This
RECORDS
,
on to the zamindars in the shape of q uartering account of course describes well enough the
a ` saw«rs' on villages but can not include the pattidari tenures there
the villages till the revenue was p In 1820 the number
paid.
of horsemen, used for this purpose may have been no zamindari villages at that time in the
, in the Northern Division
alone, is given as follows:Paso t 135-Suni t 31-Ga- . district, though I should doubt it.
naur a.. .
(2).-The assessment in the Bangar lands is described as be-

' 8. Under such circumstances it was not strange that Distribution ing distributed either-(1) by a rate per b' ah, (2) by a
-
'
complaints should come up from time to time that " cultiva- of assessment.
B rate on ploughs, (3) by a tag on cattle, and houses. In
tors in whole sets of villages a are abscondingtj en masse" f the Khadar it is said to depend on the number of
either during or at the end of the short leases given them. held by each proprietor.
It was considered a measure of relief to proclaim that.
8
CD
" Government would take only 1 s.1/- a kacha bigah a in tha

Sharing of (3).-As to the respective proportions of produce taken b
" K.hadar lands and 12 annas in the Bangar. These . indul- produce. the proprietor and cultivator, it is said that " in Buhut.
gent rates give about Rs. 412/- and 3/10/- as the incidence " (Bhet) lands the Ryutts get one-half ; while in BunJ'ur
per acre ! Reports of distressed es (which were .made " the proportion is eater." Of direct ma ement of
in less parliamentary
"J ge
lanbgu"b than would be considered suit- "land not underassessment it is said that `" Govern-
.,.,
able now-a-days) mentioned in 1824=that - ` Chatera ment becoming
- proprietor receives a proportion uat
p ur' (which has just been re-assessed at B,s. 8G0/- ) « paying " to what the proprietor would, had the vil1age been
Rs.1,400/- should pay.500/-; "Malba Mazra, assessed at Official "assessed, subject to the same, arrangements with regal.
" to the quality of the lands.'
,
Rs. 2,180/-, beats Chatera Bahadai1'ur hollow in poverty and slang and wit.
_ privation. Of Kimashpur, assessed at Rs. 4,130/-, the " za-
"Settlements" between proprietors and RYutts"
mindars are tolerably intimate with poverty " while another
are either in money or kind. Cash payments are gener-
.
Payments in
village, tael, " has not a tale to tell nova-a-days for it is
.
cash and kind.

deserted ! ally so much on the bigh and payments in.
kind are for the most part half and half.
9. Some miscellaneous facts may be given which Para 177.
fr
-

d LfOHLIM
(4).-There are no general pargannah rates, it is said, o
COPYRIGHT
throw light upon the revenue administration and the general Miscellane-
condition of_the country-all of them are
- I think interest- o u s revenue commuting grain rates into cash ; questions of dispute
:m
REPRODUCED
dispute,,
- -
an some are very instructive. Tact. - are disposed of by arbitration. The patwari gets - ser
per
er maund of he whole produce of grain. Th chawa,r
in. The '
* For some, perhaps many, years after we assumed the administration of
gets 1 ser as his due-the carpenter and smith 1 ser be-
Old . admin-
the Delhi territory it would seem that the value of stolen property-almost istrative prac-
invariably cattle-was recovered either from the village where it was found or tice in cases of tween them.
P11
that u1tence. it toss taken. This procedure though'rough was effective, and in theft.
the Iater correspondence there are complaints of its havingb been disallowed () .-On the import it q question-can a
proprietor eject a
a
I should doubt whether under a good magistrate in the early days, crime was resident or
.
a ` py pYe-kasht' (pahi kasht) tenant-the some-
more prevalent than now, though-to be.sure J. Lawrence writes in 1835 that what curious answer is given : the proprietor can eject
it is not many years ago since Panipat tahsil was attacked b y Dacoits. I do "a `pye-kasht,' or a resident tenant, after expiration of
`not know that this pitch of audacity has been reached in modern day, but we Theòld .
-have lately had one or two deliberate dacoities which might make the criminal order' com- the term for which the village has been assessed. If
HL fO
M-retun of the district look bad-while it is not more than 10 or 12 years ago pared with the "it is not assessed he can not. Supposing this to re-
Since dacoity with murder was executed in broad day-light within a doyen
& RECORDS
`new.'
present correctly the current impressions of the time in
.
miles of Deli.
.
't It required a Circular in 1836 to stop the practice of crediting fines on the matter it is plain, (1) that there is a connection be-
Tahalldara and other officials to the village balances tween the tenure and the payment of revenue.which
OIL
TO
v ..
-
INDIA OFFICE
140 REVISED REPORT OF THE
ChaPteriS. Previous Fiscal ai1 *r+in+t'r2fiOn of the

INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY &
has not in more recent days, so far as I know, been put
) :'
.'
WITHOUT PERMISSION
forward even by the most strenuous supporters of the
settled in
tenant. 2 That this means little or nothing, so far as .
.
.
Inhabitants.
subsequent
regards the point of permanency
Cultivators.
,
y of tenure, inasmuch,
Cultivable.
1821.22,
m m
BE REPRODUCED
Q
as will be seen almost immediate)y, the "term for which QIL &Gra g
Ploughs.
m
'gym
Cattle.
Wells,
the village has been assessed " was Invariably a very ,
Year.
y
12d
& RECORDS
.
at y ri
-
L
short one-three five or .seven years. (3) That there a o F ti
r
U
COPYRIGHT
..
A
U
j
_4
.
was no material difference as regards eviction between
the ` PY e:kasht' and the "resident tenant." ,
c
e
!
13 82 2,636 2,236 850 850
00C
1826 97 41
t.
l
1. Pabsar5 0
U
... 1842 0 0 0 0 , 0 877 749 704
00s
6).-The ArindA crop in the Ban
t
16 863 1,025
00
CO
1880 47 42 43 535 78
O
lands for the Kharlf '
.
i given as cotton In the Khadar, sugarcane. This is
,-
-o00
1826 41 15 10 4 26 1,080 7 850 750
2.-Ch1idyd
.
.
interesting as showing that in the` canal villa es, the
F
1842 0 0 0 0 0 528 424 581
d
.
Yfaafpur 50 0
sugarcane crop must have developed greatly in later 523 -680
_
"' 1880 198 49 28 7 148
tunes-.the comparative facility and copiousness of canal cultivation

Sugarcane
.
r-4
,-
1826 251 69 31 24 310 1,944 1,344 2,OO( 1,900
has
s
irrigation would enable it to su pp)ant the Kah' dar p ro declined in the
pro-
3.-Ghdaanli ... 1842 0 0 0 0 0 1 , 855 1,212 0 1,302
74 1,003 1,517 1,272 2,000
p_
880 131 111
00
dace in the market. The fact that sugarcane cultivation Khadar-in- 1880
l-
-
.
in Delhi Khadar lands was greater former) y than at p re- creased in the
1,130
-
121 2,200 1,700 800
-
1tngar. 1826 164 25 10 YO
i-
c
sent is corroborated by other isolated facts which in 4.-Ghay4apur 0 1,/12/,058 0 981
.-
1842 0 0 0 0
i;ia0
co
c
l-L
.
46 182 1,049 949
co
different places have come tomy knowledge. 1880 340 83 39
t.
,-r
,-
,-
r4
216 2,527 2,291 1,150
00
C
12 10 1,260
c
1526 120 29
.t.
' as a right, under
.
b. The payment of fees to lambardays 5.-Sunper% ... 1842 0 0 0 0 0 1,045 868 549
C
$
,
I the name of niukaddamf,, was established as a reb 338 1,07 1,019 1,151
_4
00
1880 606 77 69 49
t
e
h
dung . '
only in 1842 as will be present)y .seen. Previous to "lar

this the 350 2,014 1,834 2,
C
1826 67 24 19 2,500
Co
283
6:PabnerS
.
L
disbursements on this account were made on special bills sent ..: 0 0 1,160
-
1842 0 0 0 0 822 763
.
in on each occasion and later on annually. The rate does
00
1880 869 107 64 26 338 629 528 . 1,025
,..
not appear to have been uniform,,, but averaged about 3 or
b
Patti
' 1826 15 4 2 6 28 250 240 24Q
C
Bran-
.
.3- per cent. On one occasion, in 1824, the Revenue Board 7. 1842 0 0 0 0 0 316 314
P_
00
-
` 201J
manan "'
cp.
would seem to have refused this as a deduction from the 1880 13 6 60 321 314 226
,_
O
)-
cc
- 56 12 ,
jams, it is not clear why ' and in 1830, Hugh Fraser, Collec-
.
1826 840 154 68 44 850 6,007 5,786 6,741 4,250
tor of Panipat, wrote against giving the allowances at all, 8.-Begh 0 0 3,734 3,629 0 3,571
.
1842 0
-
... 0 0
D
saying that it tended to make the lambardars stlpepolarles "
WITHOUT PERMISSION
.
BE REPRODUCED
COPYRIGHT
1880 2,168 332 333 118 1,784 3,984 3,650 4,80(
p-
c
of Government.
RECORDS
,-4
0 95(
,-4
,-
650 618
-
1826 84 21 16 12 211
1842 0 0 0 0 0 645 901
P
9.=Chandan1i
-
'
853
c. In 182 6 statistics of some villages in
S um p at tahsll
' Statistics of
1880 330 76 32 26 243 833 732 ( 75(
are given which may be usefully compared with correspond- some Sunipat
d
ing data, as obtained at the Re gu lar Settlement, 1842, and villages as
now d the oPerations recenl;l y concluded. coinpared with Takkavi appears to have been given pretty frequently,
d.
their present
and in villages where now, alas ! the spring level has been so
l
:
raised and the spring water so spoilt by the canal irri tion
and bad drainage, that wells would not be attempted, such
Wells in
canal y,11ages. worst
generally was
,.
swamp-villag
as, Barwasni and M ahfp ur. The latter now is one of the
es in the district The amount given
Rs:1001- per well, which it would seem vas
THE
by way 'of aid rather than as the total cost of the improvement.
Still money went no doubt further en than now. The `
L
average ep= ease of sinking a well in the Khadar v' a of 'Pi )ii ;
.
-- W
OFFICE
INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RE
I. N
HL
Prsviou Fiscal administration of the District [ Chapter IS.] Previous F5sca1 administration of the District.
W
Fanfpat tahsils were made one and the same ama cation noted as ° tahsil kham,' showing the assessment to have
yea"rs
took place in Sunipat-the one tahsil being called Laasaulf. broken down.* "
Larsauli then remained, with its 205 villages, in Karnal dis- 13. Under such circumstances farms naturally were A
trict till 1857 when it was transferred to Delhi For Delhi'
BE REPRODUCED
common, and when they. broke down direct msnagemen t

the head natters were at first in the city, then at NaJ'af-
&RECORDS
had to be resorted to with very significant results 1'hus,' in o1
h ; then there were two tahsils, one at a hrauli and one 1824, in an occasional report, 48 villages are mentioned as N
COPYRIGHT
addition to the
l
at Bawana. The Bawana tahsil was moved to Elipur, and
after .the mutiny to Delhi. Mahrauli was given up and its
villages divided between Delhi and Ballab h. This last, in
ffes thus gained, included the raj villages,
id those of pargaunah Pa1i-PakaL
held in farm-while in about the same year, 39 villages which
had been assessed at Is. 70,005/-, when held under direct
management brought in only Bs. 50,5441-. In the case of
nine viii. es the leases aggregating Is. 32,1311- bad been
H
IOR
Reference V
.
cancelled by the second membe of the Board and the O fD
` kham' collections in the following year reached oily
.
' 12. The nature of the earl y revenue arrangements 13,375/- ! c>s
has ahead y been described as versummary.

very They appear Para 182.
r
§ 14. It would appear then that u p to the regular Oa
to have been made as much as possible on the basis of exist- A
ing arrangements without considering whether those assess- Summary of Settlement, SuniPat sha"red the misforti:nes of Pa'n'Pe at. The c
the character- summary assessments were equally harsh-the measures .
:
meats were originally dust or not, or whether changed cir- taken
-o
istics of Suni-
cumstances did not make it necessary to modify them rhateri-
,
pat adminis- for realisation were equally oppressive and unsuccessful. In
tration. fact in 1839 the tahsi1 was so bally in debt to t he treasury ..
ally. Of course when a village or a set of villages broke
down entirely, and the cultivators absconded in a body, it be-
came obviouslY the onlY.thiig to do to remodel and probably
to moderate the assessment. And in this way, settlement Settlement Bidhnauli
that Government adopted the common sense xe medy of re-
The pillage of Bid}maiili, for instance, experienced the folio
fades of assessment :
vicissi-
v.S
collections.
operations were alwa, s more or less in Pro ess-the gree- operations al-
.
Irom 1619-20 to 1822.23 ... ... ... .. lbs. of.. U'1

.
ways in pro- .
.
b ' intended aPPSentlY to last only for a few years,
,
- From 1823-24-1824-25 tahsfl kham, average
averane
or until they should break down. If an estate was fairly 1,774/-.

From 1825.26-1829-30 .., ..,. ... ... ...
'luck the settlements made with it aPPS to have been in .2,304)-.
Suni t as follows :- Dates of
From 1830-31-1832-33 ... ... ... ... ...
From 1833-34-1842-43 ... ... ... ... ...
2,222/
settlements in 1 , 905/-.
1 Before 1817-the existing demand. the ordinary
O
From 1843-44-1873-74 .. ... ... ... ... 1651-.
way.
This looks as though there had been considerable over-assessment at first; Hbd f)
BE
2.-From 1817-18 to 1824-25-Fast Summary Set-
tlement
on the other hand in a village close by, B3bgru, a rapid increase was made;
From 1817-18 to 1825.26 it paid,,,, r _
---
'
H H _
RECORD
8.-From 1820-26 to [829-30-An agreement,

From 1826-27 to 1833-34 ... ... ... ... 1,655 - J .
OFFICE LIBRARY
or1 In 1834-35 .. ... ... ... ... ... '=f
-a
.
2,286J-.
series of agree' .
In 1835-36 ... ... ... ... ... ...
menu, hardly au- »2,857)-,
n b
PHOTOGRAPH-
,
00
From 1836-37 to 1843-44 ... ... ... ... 3 5`l0J.,
-
thorised enough to
--bx
. From 1844-45 onward.. ... ... ... ... 3,900/-,
be called a Settle-
IV
-- --
PHOTOGRAPHICALLY
'F This was the irrepressible W. Fraser whose doings nark }rim out as $
_ __ _ ment. man of energy and uncommori"se1f-reliance. --He doe0 not Seerqto havere og..
4.-From 1830.31 to 1840-41-Second
Settlement
Summary nixed any his own authority for he fade, sanctioned, and .parcelled
settlements while on tour in a freehanded way that brought him under cen-
o' x
DLO
sure more than once. There is a rather unusiug minute by the Board in
INDIA OFFICE
which (the second member himself being present) they record collectively their
&
R°
grave disapprobation of Mr. Fraser's proceedings. This is the man who wac y
THE
murdered in 1835 by the Nawab of Firozpur. The family of Fraser was bettep
known in Delhi territory than any in the early days, and there are not a few y.
L
TO
floating traditions of various kinds about them, One of them, liubh Fr,er 0-
r
VIGNI
i think, lies buried in a village grove at Kheorau.

i.
"
' .
148 t vIs n nF roR'C op Pir
OLL
'PERMISSION OF THE
ICE
Mr. Edmonstone considered these reductions necessary;
JO
th demands oovernmen,at.
notwithstanding strenuous nncl well
of Gt
it was ascertained, says he, speaking more particularly of Mr. Edmon-
the Khadar, that the greatest difficult had been invariably stones re-
" experienced in realiziugeemans th marks.
sstainij
ups , the
"district officers and their subordinates had been baffled, and
Reductions
found neces-
sary in t h e
Biingar.
No. of villages. Amount.
&RECORDS
that balances had been freq went and large."
a
There is no doubt of the strenuousness and sustained
character of the efforts in question their very sum
cedure, however, only the more forcibly strengthens the
pro- 'Y
. Settlement Officer's opinion for if such almost unlimited
authority; harsh)Y exercised, could not stave off balances, it
J
was clear that relief must be g given.
22,958 8 0
Relief, however, was sufficient)Y given only in the Kha- and
dar-the assessment there with one or two exceptions for on the assess-
which there are special reasons, was moderate, and its results ment.
has been a success. The Ban r assessment was it seems to After this there were no more reductions, doubtless be-
cause the end of the settlement term was drawing near.
'
me, writing
. thirty Years after the event, too hig h-that is for Meanwhile the Khadar was going on favourably : there seems
a continuance. The soil then must have been still in its reason to believe that throughout -the thirty Years of settle
.first .burst of glorious fruitfulness under canal irrigation.
ment- its development has been steady and decided. Like
The sight of a good Bangar vil a then must indeed have the " happYcoun 'Y " of classic reference its annals are a
been one to inspire confidence-.the `shoe' was a very imper-
fectly understood evil (we hard) understand it even yet); Expectations
blank-or nearly so ;the total balances beingb Rs. 2,942 an
and its power of expansion could not be foreseen, So .the of the Settle-
heavy rates of Rs, 3I!
21- and Rs.1/10
r
J-
I were levied on the `nahrl'
ment Officer ,
insignificant amount which remained unpaid on the one or
two villabyes which by some oversight had remained heavily
burdened, and even these came short only in the bad years,
and `barani' lands with confidence and the Settlement then,
.
Officer was able to predict " a speedy and perfect restoration
of the pargannah. (Bangar) to that state of prosperity which
has hitherto distin fished it.
1860-63. The balances in the Bangar too were very ins' g-
mficant Rs. 1,456j- but there was an ever increasing and
much more destructive loss than that of money going on,
the effect of which is only now seen. The results of the
These ex ctations were l
rtlY realized. The lmY
Summary of settlement working maY thus be summed up. For the Btin-
remarks on ar, bad-because bthe ground and the men cultivating it are
RECORDS
days of the Ban g ar were probably the first ten years of the How far re- last settlement g
alised.
not in so good condition as at the beginning. For the
regular settlement. Enormous irrigation was carried on and Khadar, g good-because the ground is not-injured, nay in some
as yet it had not made its slowly but sure)Y working result respects better, end the men too are better' off now than in
felt. As years went on, however, the calamity became ap,pa- 1842.
rent, and the series of reductions began which in all amount
:-
to nearly ,23,000 rupees.* In detail they are as follows In the Central division there was a settlement
' 16.
1
Y
by Mr. J. H. Taylor which is alluded to by Mr. Lawrence in
1
reporting the regular settlement of 1844, but I do not know
* There was a recovery in 1872 of ],018 rupees, levied on some `shor'
in what year this made. The arranbgement's would
. seem
°'". "
. Thtn'a khurd
land in th tna khurd, renovated by canal-silting-a most interesting and pretty land reclaimed to have been permanent than in but
successful experuncnt. The jams, by the way, put on this fwd seeeenus some- the number of farms shows that the zamindars were not
- wba,tseven. happy under. them. Mr. J. Lawrence in his report of 1844
_
says :
OIL
.
3F' :f
. t%'
.7
i
N
COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-NOT r
PERMISSION OF THE
H
n
W
" Of 346 villages, the engagements of 214 are made The number of sales of land also in this tahsfl is given
with the proprietors, and 132 with farmers ; of these latter for the 14 Years 1861-74, taken in two sets of seven years.
all but 40, which continue until the end of settlement, will [The figures of sales and mortgages for the ole district
t
" gradually, during the next 8
Yeats revert to the owners. will be found in appendices XII and XIII respectivelYj
The number of farming leases is no doubt an evil, but it
;
BE REPRODUCED
"appears to have been an unavoidable one. The practice N

"seems always to have prevailed in the district to a great IInd seven years 14 years (1861
PARTICULARS.
.,, extent. Indeed, I believe, there have always been more (1868-74). 74).
,
;` farming leases here, than in all other districts of the divi- of
sion
put together."* o
The assessment he reported for these: 346 villages was reported Assessment Number of sales 89 97 186 H
by D
,s. 3,57,852 being a decrease of Rs. 36,984 or nearly 10 per cent. J o h u Law-
t
Area ... ... 6,338 0 0 3,405 0 0 9,7430 7d
.
on Mr. Ta lor's J ama of Rs. 3,94,836 ; and the incidence per cul- rence. '
0
c
y
trusted acre of the revised amount was Rs. 2/0/9. That of
the southern . pm'gannah, which included the hilly villages
James 9,785
81,970
0
0
0 4,561
0 1,11,442
0
0
0 14,346
0 1,93,412
0
0
0
0 ,J
° ]
n
near Mahrauli was Bs. 1111/7, as against 1s. 2f aa. In com- co
paring these results with the present tahsil the Partial differ-
g
Average per acre 12 14 11 32 11 8 *19 13 7
ence in limits must be remembered. Price per rupee of mama
' ..
24 6 11 13 7 9
17. This relief was considerable and doubtless was Pars 15. O '
neCeSSary, but if so, it is not easy to understand the strong

Before the mutiny, under an authority not to be ascer-
,
'
terms in which the prosperity of. the country is spoken of .
The report says:-- . . twined here, reductions were given to the amount of Rs.
Prosperity of
on this side the river, we have the 3,874/-, and after the mutiny it was considered necessary fur. U1
" In aflourishing l'argannah .
no large zamf ndar With his lac or two lacs of annual income, as pargauuah
. they to give relief in. certain villages, especially those belo . Q
Reference V
then des-
but on the other hand, we have thousands of small ing to the confiscated estates of the rebel Nawab of Jlia' ar.
'
cllbed.
Extra Assistant Commissioner, was deputed for
proprie-
tors Qach with his brood mare his buffaloes, his oxen, in
Rai Bansf
the work ; and I agree with Mr. Woods notes, recorded in
o
" short with every thing that marks a comfortable position
several p laces in the -Vil a Assessment Books in thinking
.
" in life.. In no part of the Western Provinces, of which I

,
have had experience, are the tenures so complete and so that he "overdid it in not a few vil es. The amount
thus remitted was Rs 7,541/-, which, in addition to the sum Hbd n
SLIM
well recognized as here no districts where the ancient
- " villagecommunities are in such excellent preservation, or
"where the practice of our civil courts has .hitherto done- so duced since settlement. --
the total amount re-
O H b
RECORDS
"little harm." Pares 187. Of Ballabgarh, 126 villages belonged to he

19. b
.
The "brood mare" certainly is a feature of some of t1 e sauabgarn. RJa'a of Ballabgarh and first came into our hands after b
most prosperous districts in the Punjab, but it is not com- the mutiny. The first settlement of these was made for Rs. n b
d
.
moral found in Delhi at present. 1,55,701/- for one year: then came a second of 3 Years at Rs.
r
t
18. Since settlement there is not much to record of
Pam-1S6 1,2-1,44 -;_and then __ Years at Rs. 99,212/-.
__ one for___seven In
OFFICE LIBRARY
HG1b
;.r
this part of the district. Since the mutiny the balances have fiscal.
a manuscript report by Mr. Coo utY-Commissioner of w++- -
Subsequent ,
Delhi of 1861 it is said :- 1 `
P 0
O -
-.
history. z
o
been 1,s. 56,.81/- the suspensigns Rs. 99,782l-, and the re- ,
missions Rs. 21,368/-, giving for the yearly average, as per-

.
attachment in September
" The 1argannah came under
cep yes an the 'annual demand, balances 16 pei cent, suspen- " 1857. Notwithstanding rebellion abroad, and the agitation R
lions 1.7, and remissions 4 per cent. H
HJ
" and turmoil around Delhi 'culture went on with charac-
H
2
* There e a rillaoge in this tahsil said to hire been sold uIP for a balance
O:
of leas than ten rupees ! The farwer hi n elf bought it.
r
1
--- DELIII 5ETTLE3LE.tiT. 153
S
S
1-2 REVISED REPORT E
O
TO
o
Pargannah Among these 149 villages must be reckoned those of

x
z l
"teristie indifference to political strife, and the crops
,
"June and July of 1857 were acefully reaped in October.
sown in Mali-Pakal
the pargannah Pdli-Pakal. This 1ar nnah (see printed 1
PERMISSION
report of about 1841 by G. Barnes was at the conquest of

0
xNO
avN a What is more, the heavy instalment of revenue of the
"deposed chieftain was promptly paid up to the last p
"Summary Settlement was at once made upon the
A
pie.
average
air. $anie's Delhi given " by General Lord Lake to the Ra a of Ballab-
report iu 1841 u garb, for the
l
purpose of defraying the expenses of a Imlice
BE REPRODUCED
w "establishment to tral the road between Delhi and Pulwul ,

a U "of 10 Years' revenue collections according to the Rajas "which at that time was lined on either
'
by dense J'ungle
aw "accounts on a total of Rs.1,68,151/8;0. This )ama .refer- "and infested with thieves. The o ' ' side
t a OQo
'
1 grant was simply
COPYRIGHT
red to 134 viliages, 8 of which had been subsequently trans- for life ;blot on the application of the Resident of De r,
ferred to G n and Bulandshahar. the p 'g'nah remained in the possession of the Ballab-
w
Gq
.
xN
F
}N
Mr. Cooper goes on to observe :-
" As might have been ex ted the late chief's collec-
tions were very heavy. In the year 1855 he had absolutely
"garb family till the death of Konwar Rs'' S' h in.1832,
"A. D. .
"laid a tax. of Ra 1,97,000/-. The usual consequence ensu- " On its la ,the 1 nnah comprised 43 villages, of
" ed half the villagers deserted, and the enraged chieftain which 18 were entirely removed from the main body of the
" rack-rented the remainder. " pargannah, and occupied isolated situations within the
"limits of the adjacent divisions."
"The smallest amount in a very bad season was Rs.
" 1,26,000/-. In such a year one-half would, under ours ys- Twenty five of the old. set were kept in the ah by
tA. tem, have been collected. The assessment now sanctioned Mr. Barnes, together with two from Sohna * while the others
is 1s.1,29,849 -. The calculations were thus: were distributed among the ne'ig hbouiwg pargannahs. Mr.
Barnes, in the report referred to, gives a concise and gralhiC
"Five years average ...
cT" p "12 years do. ...
account of the circumstances ,of this par of the dis 'ct. It
would seem that the Summary Settlement here was made
'
" Summary Settlement ... in. 1832, and that W. Fraser, Commissioner of Delhi in 1834,
,,
"? 1 1,69,638.
made a settlement for 20 yeats. Mr. Barnes 's revision thus
"BY rates ... ... ... 1,52,502
a
u
C
a
- 1,5
broke in half-way on this term. The J ama assessed
-
was Rs. 25,304/-, being a reduction of Rs. 5,380/- on Mr.
n
by hitin
1,29,859
Fraser's settlement.
a
w ao " The reduction on the Summary Settlement amounts Para !88. § 20. Of this tahsil as a whole it ma. be said that the
WITHOUT PERMISSION
BE REPRODUCED
a H " to near) Rs. 40,000/-. The result is a happy mean be-
_
Summary of previous assessment, though unequal in incidence in different
"tweed the heavilyassessedrsouthern P
l mralrand the fiscal history parts, was, in 1872, when revision began, decidedly light. '
1
"very light rates of the adjoining rganuah Gur n." of Ballabgarh.
The seven years settlement was made by Bansi La . -

i Para 18S A The collections of revenue for the district under
21.
& REC
d
Collections the settleinents now revised were for 1877-78 ( th
a " The other 8 vill es, now first re larly settled were under the old year in which the old Arrangements remained
in their
last
entire-
o 'b
''sirs. assessments
and general ty), as follows :--
.
i
,
.,
LIBRARY & RECORDS

I1II LAOIS S
Of the 148 villages of regular settlement Mr. Wood
s
The 148 vil- , revenue,

- vas-theummary jams as ... ... ... Rs. I,06,380 - lages of Regu- * This makes 27 : the names of these were
akrauna-Sarohi-Kheri-Gujar-Nagla
:-
'la
According to No. 2 vil be statements 95,823/-
lar Settletuent
a M . .As the 1'ama ,,stood before theinutinY 94,039/-
. Jamalpur-Pakal--Pnotah-Dhauj-Gotra Mohabbat5bad-Bajri-Tikri Khe.
w
U
INDIA OFFICE
-Rashers,
The demand nqw before revision ...
.
THE
H 92,8291-
N . After the mutinJ a reduction of ... r> 2,226/- had
OL
`.r
0 been 'ven. .
N
[INDIA OFF CE LIBRARY
N
I
S
154 REVISED REPORT OF TIi6
COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRA H-NOT TO
Previous Fiscal administration of the District. [Chapter IX N
'
n
LIBRARY &
W H
Collections. unfavourably with that of the `kafi.rs,' who, however wretched
they were in reliIn'on, respected the ' hts of property. The
r
,
Fluctuating and Turbulence zamf ndars of some village outside, having attacked and been
" miscellaneous of the zarnin- beaten off by their neighbours with whom they have had a
BE REPRODUCED
Land revenge:
o CL5E. dars. long standing g grudge,

ge, write in fulsome terms congratulating g ti N x
Local rates.
revenue.
a)
a)
the king in the massacre of the hateful En Protestin
, their fervent loyalty, and praying for Punishment on their
Stamps.
a
Spirits,
.,+"
TOTAL.
Drugs.
gi0
.,d
a of .
w
o .°1., y
a o ,, A
n
, E
o
temporarily successful rivals. The king writes `let the Mirza
see to this, and a_foragin8 party soon after visits--both villages, _ _
to the gain probab13 of neither. Grain carts coming into -
_
--
[
H y
/r'
Reference
Traffic not the city are not unfrequentlY seized by regiments on their o ro
safe. own account, and when enquiry is made they protest they ~1
o
8 ,80,170 12,940 .
c..
must do something of the kind as theyY do not get their PaY .

c
T .
This last fact is one which, as time goes on, assumes an un-
comfortable prominence and makes it necessary for the J
3
he collections under excise and stamps are added to c
. of imperial dignity to stoop to such unpopular exactions as a
show the relative importance of the land revenue.
i,
. I
money, a n d compulsory .loan. This, it need hardly be said, is followed b by

22. I add here, as the fittest, though not altogether Para 188B its remedy. in
more complaints from the banya, who return gets threaten- 00
a fitting lace, some notes on the state of the district during ed with penalties and so matters go on ;the .S
the troubled time of the mutiny. As early as 1855 two years are scarcely loyal to the emperor,' they quarrel among U
o
, .
before the out-break, a seditious Pamphlet was Published in themselves for they best quarters, get. little or no regular
Delhi called `1 isdla Jehad,' directly preaching a religious
war against the infidels who held the country. It was sup-
pay, but recoup themselves by plundering any Person who
seems weak enough to invite it and wealthy enough to be
.V
.
.
posed to have been written about 1828 by one Maulavi worth it. As regards matters outside, the RJ a of Balls h.
Referenc e V
Muhammad Ismail a Wahabi, and about 1850 was translated The Raja of trims to secure himself on both sides, but is hopelessly con-
into Hindi. Seditious Placards, later on, were posted in Ballabgarh. victed of collusion with the king by letters under his own
.
various Places of the city. t seal Protesting his respectful toYaItY to the Muhammadan, ,..
When the actual rising took place at Delhi on the 11th and his joy at .the defeat of the Eng much so that a .
May, the king sent a letter to the Commissioner of the A a man he had in his own service belonging to the detested
The Ring's race he will not retain any longer near him.'* The Nawab H n
WITHOUT PERMISSION
INDIA
COPYRIGHT
division G. F. Harvey, Esquire, who had been Commissioner conduct. N a w'a b o bd
[r1 O
of Jha1Jar is as bad or worse, and the zamindars throughout
for a short time' in Delhi some years before, telling of the
out-break and protesting his helplessness. In the city, how-
Jhajjar, .
the district fall into lawless habits of attacking their neigh- Mxy b
RECORDS
n
'
ever, everything was done in his name, and orders were issued boors, and plundering travellers.
O
to the zamfndars of the district for the collection of revenue. ..
Yet there are bright exceptions of men who, b
d
23.
The papers in the printed volume of the trial of the king
n
CD
give a lively idea of the burlesque of order and government

moved by loyalty to our government, or pity for individuals b
did good service in the way of P and concealing b
that went on in the imperial city of the Mog huls between The city of fugitive Europeans and helping them their
.
on way to safe Places:

xb
O
May and September 1857. The king was nominally at the Delhi, May- , to
ep t e rn b e r A rist of rewards given for such work is noted in Appendix XIV H
head of affairs, :he was treated with reverence in the Oriental s1857.
o
fashion, and amused himself with recording his signature and
but a few are worthy of special mention. The most illustri-
ous instance of hardly.-,tried to Ity. in the district perhaps Co x
e
occasionally short autograph orders, on the numerous petitions
tIO
was that of Hidayat Ali, a Rasaldar in the native army, on
presented, but the real Power was in the hands of the soldiers. R
& RECORDS
y
THE
ComPfaints are not long want' violence and
, unruli-
ness the ban a is indignant atthe ary appropriation of his e Thin I fancy must allude to a Eu o can called `Masters' or some such'
0L
H.
rO
lame who is said to have been murdered in the R&ja'a palace-uow the Police
1
on, and compares esent administration
goods going rest house. But I have not seen tins rn print, .
1
OFFICE LIBRARY
Chapter B.j History of the operations of the present Settlement.

IO
a lesson which will never be forgotton. As before quoted,

C$Al'TER X.
' the agrestic Population had been taught to know their
'
masters,' while the city retained only one-fourth of its former History of the Operations of the
population. The king himself, as is well known, was tried by
a special commission in his own Hall of audience, and was Present seft/ement.
d
RECORDS
convicted of rebellion against the British Government and of Para 189. The district of Delhi was placed under Settlement
§ 1.
being accessory to `the slaughter of 49 christians, chiefly Distribution
by Punjab Government Notification 119 of 29th January
women and children, within his palace-walls.' In January Disarming of villages at 1872. At that time the distribution of villages among the three
1858 a general disarming of the People took Place penal of the popu- thecommence- taLsfls was as follows :-Ballabgarh 282: Delhi 305: Suui_
fines were levied .from offending villages, and the political
lation and ment of settle- pat 211 : Total 798 villages.
transfer to the ment o p e r a-
punishment was pronounced of transfer to the Punjab. By Punjab. tions. During Settlement the following changes were made;-
Act 38 of 1858 the imperial city was annexed as a provincial
town to the frontier province, and the firm hands of the Chief 1.-Ballabgarh* received by alluvion from Buland villugeg
Commissioner assumed charge of the Delhi territory which shahr... ... ... -
he had done so much to reconquer from the mutineers. The i- gave to Delhi
civil courts re-opened in Jut Y -1858.
'
* It is not a common thing perhaps to meet a man shot for mutiny in
Leaving finally ... 283
1857. Yet there is, or till very lately was, one in the village of Khor Punjab,
in the Delhi Bangar. The villagers had sent a khidmatg'ar of Sir J. Metcalfe's
who came to them for concealment, into, Delhi to be given up to. the king. A `mutineer'
This was base no doubt, and so thought the English authorities. There is a shot but not
by alluvion from Meerut
spot pointed out where 20 or 21. of the zamindars were stood up in a line and killed. ,
shot down one after another. Our friend was shot in his turn and tumbled II increased b se tion of estates
down, no doubt thinking himself dead. Yet after the departure of the execu.
tioners he. found he was only badly wounded, and .managed to recover and live
these,many yeare. No one would, I fancy, want him shot again?
,1f
1
gave to Suni t... ... .. .
-
eerut bY diluvion ...
Leaving finally
3.-Suuip at ¶ received as above entioned ... 27
increased by separation of estates
WITHOUT
BE REPRODUCED
11 1
* Chak Makanpur-Chak Parasrampur-Chak Latffpur-Bola

Chak Jaganpur-Chak Motfpur--Chak Basantpur.
1. Bijwasan-Salehpur- J ikpur kohl.
* See above.
-
§ Arazi Sabdpur-Aries Badarpur-ArdZi PachShera.
---11-Timarpur separated-fromwar4bed
___-
Bankner.
¶ Bakipur-Basantpur--Bhera--Dahisar Rundli --
Nathupur--Bazidpur Sabaolf--ShdfQbfd Kherf Manajat--Shafiabaci pdns
&
THE
aHJ
RamPur-Niz'am Pur khurd-K undai.. .
.
Jatfwara khurd.
01L
° Jantf split up into Janti and Jiinti khurd.
162 REVI8ED REPORT OF THE
TO
Chapter %.] History of the operations of the present Settlement.

of
h.
PERIon
till my arrival. I was to be the officer in charge of the Order of appoint-
SERvicE.
)
Delhi and Gurgaon .
Settlements, with Mr. Wilson as my RE MARKS.
assistant in the joint task. It was found best for him to
BE REPRODUCED
take the local supervision of Gurgaon, and this arrangement

)
Id
continued till his transfer to Sirsa in November 1879, when Azfz-ud-din. Ra. 150/- No. 85 of 5th 2nd June End of
the Gurgaon Settlement with the exception of some English Settlement.
COPYRIGHT
.
June, 1879, in 1879,
. office work was comPfete. I took two months leave in 1878, Punjab Govern- t
ment Gazette of
.,.
and he three months in the next year. 23rd June, 1879..

There was at starting, no Extra Assistant Settlement
U
Bansf Dhar. Pay inerease.l from

Officer, but by Government letter No. 364 dated 2! st March, Ba. 225/- NotifieationNo. 22nd June
Ra. 2251-to Es. 2501.
1876, Munshi A'udhia Parshad, the.Su1erintendent of Balla - wards. went ope- on M. Ajudhia Par-
rh tahsil was appionted to the office, and thereafter worked 250/-. rations. shad's promotion, to
:
iu this capacity till the end of operations. The other Superin- the rank of Extra
tendents at commencement were Faker in AssistantSettlement
.
Officer. on
Delhi and Bainsidhar in Suni p at. Subsequent changes are leave and died.
Ra. 200/- Appointed act- 23rd June End of During the Super-.
shown below .
ing Superinten- 1877. Settlement. intendent's absence
dent under Ga- on leave (from 21st
zette notification April 1879 to 9th.
PERIOD OF SERVICE. No. 3,979 of 14th May 1879). Dal
o
r
Order of appoint- .
July, 1877, and Cha nd D e p u t y
NAME. Pay. permanentbySec- Superintendent Offi-
o. went. retary to Govern-
ment Punjab's
as Superin--
x tendent and receiv-
W No. 857 dated ed. acting allowance..
April to the 31st
V
Ajudlu5 Parshdd. Pa. 250/- No.

815, dated 14th of Settle- 1876, . of Extra Assis-
Jun 1872. ment ope- taut SettlementOffi-
rations. cer.
Muhammad Ali, The subordinate staff consisted at -first of one
5.
Deputy Superinten Subordinate Deputy. Superintendent for each tahsil. The designation of
dent, carried on the
work up to 30th
Staff; these officials had been Sadar Munsarims till (in Secretary.
May 1876. to Government's No. 387, of 17th May, 1868, to Secretary to
Bandy A1i . Ra. 200/- Secretary to Fi- May April procedure it Financial Commissioner) sanction was given to the change
x - mancial fienrmis- _
cases wa.
to Deputy Superintendent, and, in his No. 3,189, of 6th
t:
sinner s No. 2,91 ,8 found to be grossl}
RECORDS
May, 1873, this order was transiiited by

_is
x dated the 19th irregular, and he wa y the Financial

'
May, 1876. offered the alterna Commissioner for adoption in the Delhi Settlements. Mean-
five of reduction of
resigning. He chose while the Financial Commissioner had in the previous year
.
W the latter. recommended that some of the powers of the superintendents.

as actin should be habitually exercised by the Deputy Superinten-
Ram Ch a n d R. 100/- No. 53 of 4th April May
`-
Deputy Super- June, 1878, in dents. He suggested that final attestation of the record in
intendent.] _ all undisputed cases should be made by the latter; those of

t, ment Gazette of .
MM
py
17th June, 1878. .
Pi
dispute being reserved fo the final attestation by the super-
May unequal t intendents. This was sanctioned by Government.
S Ram. Fa. 200/- No. 54 of 4th May
The original Deputy Superintendents were Bandd Ali in
-
June, 1878, in 1878. 1879. task and so ha(

- Punjab Govern- to leave the post. Ballabgarh ; Wazfr Chard in Delhi; and Harbans La1 in
ment Gazette of
17th Time 1$78. - Sunipat. It was found however after two years' experience
.
that this portion of the staff required strenl;thening'and
`
April. 1875, reduction -was made of one Munsarim and one-

Naib Munsarim in tahsf1, and from the noneY thus
REVISED REPORT of THE SETTLE3iEhT:' --
D1rI HI . _ 6J
History of the operations of the present Settlement. [Chapter X. Chapter S.] History of the operations of the present Settlement
saved, the pay of an additional Deputy Superintendent was

p The men appointed were Hanuman Sahai in boundaries of each village.
'
bundle, and the signatures of the lambardars taken on the
The limits as laid down in the
mqo
n
provided.
Ballab rh; in Delhi, Ghulam Hosain and in Suni p at , Boundary maps of neighbouring vile es, were to be compared before
Gulalji. Lastly when Bansi Dhar died and Chandan Lal disputes. the work of the field-measurements was begun : in the case
'
was (see the list above) appointed in his place at Sunipa, t his of a dispute report was to be made for decision by competent
pay was made Ks. 200/-, and the Rs. 501- 1per month thus authority : the field measurements would be delineated on
JMOIU
saved was appropriated for a third Deputy Superintendent in the original boundary map, which was to be made of Seram-
LflOHL
.
this where the work throughout has been heaviest. Riverain pur paper backed underneath by linen cloth. Villages in the
Bakar Ali was chosen for the new appointment,
. and Sunip at villages. riverain were divided into three `chaks' 1-the dry chair
- con iied to have three Deputy Superintendents till pearlY (kamil satah)
. ; 2-the alluvial `chak' (chak togMans) and
an
the end of settlement, when it was found prisible to reduce
.
3-the intermediate, _where_ floods may _ come but do not

to the previous number. Changes were made subsequently always (chak Ihtimali ; each to have a separate numbering
among these officers as follows :=Harbans Lal was dismissed Scale of of its fields. The scale of measurements was to be 2 'cribs
for laziness ; Kanhaya LzI, appointed in his place, was trap s- measurement. to the inch : each 'crib being 55 ards this is aqual
ferred to Gurgaon for insubordination, Dal Chand being yards to 2
inches to the Eng lish furlong, or 16 inches to the mile. Half
brought in from that district. Wazir Chand was dismissed and quarter gathas were not to be entered in the list of fields
. for absenting himself without leave; Muhaminad Ali was and in addin g totals of areas fractions less than 10 biswans'is
appointed in his stead but eventiiallY resined when Ram
-
`Parti jaded.' were to be ne glected. Land abandoned within three years
Chand was brought over from Gm son. Hanuman Sahai of measurement was to be entered as cultivated. The differ-
was degraded for bad work in attestation and Azmat Hosain ent kinds of soil were to be carefully discriminated and.
.
was promoted to his place. He however. got his head turned entered. Attestation of the correctness of the measurin
by the elevation, and was relegated
.
to his former rank of work was to be made bY the Munsarim, DePutY SuPerinten-
.
g
b
Munsarim, Gyan Chand being promoted to the vacant De- dent, and Superintendent, after p ersonal verification ofa
puty Superintendentship. In 1876 when Bande Ah became
A
. specified proportion of the entries.

Superintendent of Ballab rh, Abdurrahman, Naib Kanun.go
of Delhi, .was made Deputy. Superintendent and was sent Para 195.
L81
. 7. At first both works , the demarcation of bound-

back to his substantive post in 1879. arses and the field-measurements, were started together the
-
.
Demarcation
'
of Boundaries. more intelligent patwaries been selected for the first.
g But
The staff of Munsarims on 'nailY sanctioned was four in Apri11872, th e Commissioner ordered the boundary work
for each tahsil with 8 Naibs, and after the reduction above to be completed before be 'nning the other and action was
noted ten men remained -This--establishment in 4ed
the taken accordingly. The Settlement Officer directed that
RECORDS
Tahsil Ka,n o as a Munsarim and his Naib as a Naib Mun-

pillars.
where masonr. _
illars alreadY existed the ma p should foelow
these, leaving obJectors o sue or a ra son y regular suit
sarim. The Sadr Kanungo did not come into the settle-
if a contradiction appeared between the old boundarY maps
4.2
ment. As the close of settlement operations in the district
was contemporaneous with the restriction of settlement opera- of neighbouring villages, the Su1erintendent would report on
.
tions in the province, a good many of these men came under the merits of the case ; ere no pillars existed the zamin-
reduction ; and, in cases where Government employ in other Bars were. to be warned to put them up within a specified
time, in default of this, the work would be done bY the
quarters was not obtained, -
E
with-a gratuity.
__
Superintendent and the charge levied from the viii ,
In-age.
his No. 272 of 2nd Augu st 1872 the Financial Com m issioner
'
.
6. On February 9th, 1872, the Settlement Officer ordered stone pillars to be substituted for brick-masonr Y
CD-
INDIA OFFICE
issued his instructions for procedure in making measurements. work, in places where the latter did not seem . likelY, t o Last.
First the boundaries of the vile ag e were to be demarcated, Work finish- The work of demarcatin g boundaries was finishe d bY the
0
ed.
then the measurements of the fields were to be taken in end of March 1873 as a rule but a few vii es in Ballab- .
hand and last of all the abadi. A tracingg on bamb u-fibre garh and Delhi were not`' finallY demarcated the be'
bdnsi- rlwz) was to be made for the boundarJ-recYrd
=.F ::x :.;;.
,:: .

TO
OL
g of 1874. There were 332 cases of boundary-disputes : Cases of dis-

Para196.
..
§ 8. On the 12th March 1872, the Settlement Officer
WITHOUT PERMISSION
pute in each
in Ballabgarh
a 81; in Delhi 144 ; in Sunipat 107, and not a tahsfL ordered that the g eneolo 'cal table [shaJ'ra nasb]
e+u
few of these were litigated with eat bitterness.* Preparation
of the kham prepared when the work of attestation began, but in May he
In two cases separate records were afterwards made up khewat [ Pre- directed that it, and the preliminary statement of holdings,
BE REPRODUCED
for each of two estates which at this time were demarcated liminary (khewat kham) should be made_ u before measurement.
statement o f
under one boundary. Thus in Suni pat, Janti Kalan and holdings.] The latter was to be founded on the Yearly papers of e
COPYRIGHT
Jantf Khurd had one `thakbast' ; and in Delhi, Mukand-

tth,
patwari, and then attested on presence of the lambardars,

pur was demarcated together with Nisf ,Mukandpur. On proprietors, and cultivators. Cases of pute were to be
the other hand Mehndipur and Nisf Garhi Mehndipur were Patwari's referred to the civil court. These directions were in accord-
demarcated separately, but as they wished to remain one papers. - ance with Secretary to Financial Commissioner's No. 2,362
estate, one record wap
was announced according.
1
s re red; and the assessment of course
ly. The progress for each tahsil is
of 8th April 1872, but subsequent)Y
;, it was-resolved not to put
reliance on the patwaris papers, arid the Pre1aration, anew
- ;-
shown year by year as follows :- of a khewat kham, was ordered. The patwari was to compile
l
.
the geneolo 'cal table, and the Munsarim was to attest the
.
Ballabgarh. Sunipat. District. yearly papers of 1278, (1871-72), and on the list of cor-
rections (fard badr) prepared during such attestation would
be founded the kham khewat .
The old settle- With regard to the old settlement papers, it would
ment papers. .
appear from a report made by the Deputy -

Commissioner,
under his No. 685, of 14th November 1872, that-the recur s
of 403 villages were destroyed during the mutiny, and these
.. I may vnention as an illustration of this, the case of the quarrel between villages were in Delhi- and B J1ab ash the records of
-
.
$asanpur and Kurar-a most interesting one, but rather saddening, as an in- Sunipat (or, as then called, Larsaulf tahsfl> and consis ' of
stance of an unintentional, but real and unmistakeable wrong done by our 211 villages) were touched: Copies of the papers with
coifrts :
the Patwaris were taken ;and were substituted for the
A iong pending quarrel had existed between .these two villages, dating as
far back as 1827. After various vicissitudes of litigation without any definite records destroyed, and are, the Deputy Commissioner, thought
conclusion, a petition was filed before Mr. Wood, in the course of measure- to all purposes as valuable as those destroyed. The re-
ments. The laud claimed lay close to the Grand Trunk Road, which passes be- storation, ' reported the Settlement Officer, was effected under
tween the two villages, and consisted altogether of 57 big hs of pasture land,
which, in this part of the tahsil, is valuable property. The cage was referred the superintendence of the Kanungos and Sadr Kanungo.'
-- to arbitrators, and their award confirmed by the Settlement Officer. Appeal An Extra Assistant Commissioner of th district, however,
ti.-
was made to the Commissioner, who ordered that the area occupied by the considered them to be veryy incorrect, an ikely to give great
.
Grand Trunk Road should be deducted from the total &xtent of the litigated
trouble. As it was very necessary to know what value
)
ground, and the remaining land divided into two equal shares, each village
takingg'half, and the road beingv entered in the limits of Kuiar. This was on should be officially Placed on these papers, a reference was
the, revenue side ; so the, parties turned to the civil court. The civil court made on this appoint, and in Secretary Financial Commis-
maintained in effect the revenue order of the Commissioner. Appeal was
made to the Commissioner as a civil court, who in his order said that the sioner's No. 5,837, of 29th August 1873, the following direr-
.
Grand ISrunk Bond had been laid down by himself on the revenue side, as the tions were obtained
boundary between the villages ;and this was now the order appealed from. He .
dismissed the appeal, and the decree came to me'to execute. The obvious
as I found directly I came to the spot was, in supposing the Grand "The Settlement record, whetheryori 'pal or reproduced
Trunk Road to be exactly in the middle of the contested area, whereas it was after the mutin57, should be followed in all cases where there
on the Kurar side of the middle. The Kurbr men therefore according to the .
former order of the Commissioner would get some land on the Hasaupur side " is a dispute. y If there has been an alteration recorded in
--....,...of the.roadr whereas now they got none. They. naturally were verythen excited " the Patwari s papers, which varies the entry made in the
about the matter, but I had the pillars put up on my presence, and told
my beat to them righted. The Commissioner, Settlement record, and the correctness of this su cent
the 1 wou1d'do see entry
however, on reference being made, said that the Chief Court had confirmed his
predecessor's order, and the Chief Court, on petition for review, said the case
"
"kham
-----
is not disPuted, the- Patwari's papers or the khewa t
VIII
was too old to take up.

H
r

170 REVISED RETORT OF TIIE
DEt,RI SETTLE3I1 NT. 17 '
O
History of the operations of the present Settlement,
N
w
l
H
Land irrigated for one year previous to measurement; or 10. -Irrigated

amins were allowed the superintendents were to be herd.
WITHOUT PERMISSION
upwards was to be entered as chdhi,' and other land Yg laud.

` in 1
7
responsible for this, and any Munsarim herpinbg a

under the well would be written down `muhit chahL' The I>a ins
1
o
order to save him trouble would be sus nde&
fact of irrigating land in one village from a well situated in
another, would not alter the character of the entry. If a pro-
rietor Tent his well to another to water his land, it would
prietor
not make that land `chahf,' but if the transaction were done ,,
To relieve the patwatis for the time they y were to be
engaged in this arduous work the pre pgyration of yearly.
papers was discontinued while the settlement should be itr n; o'
t
for a price, the field benefited would be entered as irrigated.
. f ro,ress also the compilation of the village diary..
For irrigation from a tank or pond, a fair estimate was to be With this her p the work was pushed on and if a patwrarf,
><
made according to the capabilities of the pond. A well out proved hpelessl Y inca p able, his ace was taken byy an a gent,
of repair should be entered as abandoned, and the land put . wha under the mime of ` golnashta r did.much what th e ob
Town as urt}irl'gated7
. but if the repairs would cost little or
irothing, the land would be reckoned as `muhit chahi? Well-
land irribgable from the canal would be entered as nahri.'
jectionable amn would have done. This however, vas done
as exception, not as a rule, sad thus obe dieuce. to the
Government orders was p reserved Am onbg the many res-
.,ro
.N
co
ym
But nahri lands were all to be entered as unirrigated, in ac-
cordance with Government orders for the assessment at dry
, sons which may be found for the delay in com p letin
Delhi measurements this, is cited and I think. falrl 3, as one
:
h gte Op
A
rates.* of importance.. co
As evl fence that the p over p unlshlnent rulscanduct byb

10: The first order was not to give the ` parchas'
, of fine, did not lie rusty
rust from want of use, it may be mentioned
7
..
the roug h statement of holdings until that th.e amounts of fines levied on patwaris. d uringb the
b to the zaminda
measurements had been checked and sanctioned, but it. was
i l thought better for. the atwarf to prepare the
ttentY
.
sett l ement was Js 12,4()4/5/4.

...SJ
'
V
larchas _
p'
12. In comparing the results of the settle w ent
` of the work done daily, and make them over to the measurements with those of the revenue survey, differences
.
- cultivators. The fee of 6 pies was to be taken when the first U1
of less than iry per cent. in the. cultivated area were not con-
.
titry of the first field in the holdup should be made, the

other entries bei added afterwards as the fields of the hold-
sidered to require interference or further enquiry. The . O
comparison gave the followingb return
Referenc
ing were met with. Hindi.iwriting patwaris were to make the

entries in Hindi. Tenants at will if they did not want to In out of 294 villages 45 or 1G. p, c, differed more .
take the ` 1archas could not be forced to' dr so. than 5 per cent,
Iu Delhi
' 11. It seems well to note here the work done by Para 199. ;Tn Si iiij --
» 304
_;-. 21I
100 O1' 32 ,7 ,r ditto ditto
H bd (
s in measurements, though it is mentioned again in
Nxy b
77 --41-or--22;,-
Measure- In the 810 ,,. 192 or 24 m ditto ditto

I'ara 280, Chapter XII, iii the general account of the treat- ment wo r lC 37
went of Patwaris during the settlement Mr. Wood at first done by Pat- Further en quiries a nd review of the measurements were O
.
appears to have intended to use amine as a help for those ar s. ,

lnrade, and corrections ordered from time to time. On the
patwaris, who should, prove inefficient in- measuring, and in part of the survey alas review was made, and partial corxec-
b
February 1872 directed that on the request of the patwari, ti()n found necessary (see letter of the Deputy ' p n ro
an amf n should be appointed on wages at the rate : 2/8 per

hundred acres of cultivated Iand, and Ks. 14 for uncultivated.
Khasra writers on 1.
10/- a month were to be chosen for
of survey No,2&of 3OthDecember1870 : AdJjustment
of these particulars was complete in Sptember 1877, except
b in Sunp at7 Anandpur, which, after
in the case of one village
b
c N0 x
up
z
o
.
those patwaris who knew only Hindi. Afterwards, however , personal verification, I passed in 1878. No thorough com-
in deference to peremptory orders from higher authority ne parison could be had. in the. villages on the river,, as the
.
x
measurements were not made in each case in. the sane, Yearn
* I quote these orders historically,: and because from the mere fact of
The total result arrived at dialers from the revenue survey y
having directed tiie settlemeut procedure, they are important for the district
officer. Some of them may perhaps seem of doubtful utility, J or expediency,
measurement by no less that 12,582 cr@s of ei ent. H
7
but I give below as t stem s :-,- O

.2.
as leaving too iuuch to the discretion of subordinates.
r
C
17 2 REVISED REPORT of TIIE
OFFICE LIBRARY &RECORDS

Chapter %.] History of the operations of the present Settlement
2
l ara 201. 13. The special circumstances of the district, as re-
cultivation.
3
5,19,417
1,72,892
1,87,399
159,1 26
Total
Attestation gards its old settlement records, have already been noticed
of lights (para 196). . .
4
The attestation of rights therefore presented some points
CULTIVATED,
of more than ordinary difficulty. The plan pursued was not
4,16,723
1,41,996
1,39,624
1,35,108
l ci.Cto
2,224
2,46, 246
2,84,628
m
Cl c.1
the same throughout; on May 26th, 1875 the Settlement
c5
G
eo
rN
c.
I- .+
OU
IIow made. Officer ordered an exppepriment
C" - of one month's work in attes-
N C1 01 tation at the head-quarters of the tahsil, to be tried at Delhi
alone the other two Superintendents were allowed to attest
20,257
1,453
5,590
on the spot-i. e., in each vi ge, or in the case of very small

villages, by summoning the proprietors to a neighbouring
b
Referenc e V:
one of better accommodation. The Commissioner, however,
43,950
17,527
13,912
in April 1876, proposed the selection of a few larger villages

ag temporary head-quarters stations for each tahsil, to be
changed from time to tiiue as the locality of the work chanba-
954
1,196
407
ed. The object was to give stability and method to the

e
(D
movements of the attesting officers, and at the same time
(D
p revent the inconvenience to the zamindar of having b to come
2,001
2,209
663
fLirther than he could conveniently manage in one day.

This plan was tried for some months ; the Superlntendelits
of Delhi and Ballabgarh, wished to return to the attestation
1,563
19,375
85,131
at the tahsil the man at Sunip-at said, he had not. et begun
a.,
,
the work, and the Extra Assistant recommended attestation.

on the .spot. ' This was sanctioned by the Commissioner in
Attestation April 1877, and was the system
pirsued thereafter till the
7,085
924
at the village.
3,900
8,932 cultivated--making total lan actually cultivated
completion of the work. To my mind there can be ri ques-

tion that on the whole attestation at the village, n if the
(D
superior supervising , officers are moving about the district
with fair activity, is decidedly the best.
1,460
5,357
4,043
The details of attestation, if honestly carried. out, leave
CD

rIaw[
little to be desired in the wa y of scu,.pulous and niin ute
(DD
attention to accuracy. The has perforce after the
(D
experience gained in measurements, some considerable degree a
8,15,685
2,48,828
2,76,405
2,90,452
OFFICE LIBRARY
of local knowledge: any infeiioritY in technical knowledge b
is supplied by the Munsarim or Naib Munsarim, who is
...
...
a'waYs,. or near)Y always, a man ref intelligent

a ,and practical
acquaintance with the rules of framing the record. Then
OFFICE LIBRARY
after hini, still on the spot with every means of knowledge

Sunipat
(D
b
close at hand, comes the Deputy Superintendent, who, if h.e
Delhi
CD
Total of the District
'
is a fair}Y good man, is the key stone of the whole business ,
and the most valuable of all settlement subordinates.- If
-(B
he oes through.a the viii a lipers as he can nothingg as a
But in ruleg can escape
N
his enquiries.. But I need hardly say it.is
Sunipat
practise these
RECORDS
not so ; the patwarf, the Munsarim, and the Deputy SIt er-
Delhi
failings,
intendent, all alike, are laz or corrupt, and attestation be..
L
.
INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY &RECORDS
174 REVISED REPORT OF TIE bpi t T4
L
comes aha hazard process in which the minimum of care is Goverftnnent b. ()--When anY village of Government or havi n g
NOISE
property ,
taken, which may be thought sufficient to escape punishment. Government rights iii it, was about to come under attesta-
e4
It is here that the power of the Settlement Officer is shown tiol diie notice was to be given to the Tahsildar in
-(D
-c-._0o
in securing active and fair supervision on the part of the order that he might be able to watch the proceeding on
c
superintendents. In Delhi, in atte ug-,his, I -met_ vith behalf of Government.
<t
not a little trouble. Aver large proportion of estab-
- o
lishment were full of the faults above referred to, and fine, (c.)r-The date of attestation should always be entered.
degradation, and dismissal had to be used at times with (d.)-If any mortgagee
w
a b b were found in P ossession , his nnine
seceriY. At the same time a good many men responded to
CD
was to be entered in the ma in of the ` sha'ra tiasb'
C.CD
the call for hard work, and I believe the most trying part off' opposite the entry of the proPrietor whose land he was
it (as I think), the attestation of rights, has been fairly holding.
.
done. Mistakes there must be, but on the whole I believe

CD
the record to be a moderately good one-cousulerably better An abaetae's --he irispo rtat
n Po Int of alteration of record sought for
than, two years ago, I hoped to make it. The work done in Progress interest, where there is question of an absentee's interest was
each year is shown below:- year by year. decided after
.
reference to Government. The instance
given was that A, B, and C, are Jjoint owners of an
estate ; C, is absentee ; A, and B, have. sold the whole
-
.-
of the estate to D. How is D's ri ht to be recorde
-
Work Work
CD.
Work
w
Tssstt.. Villages The Commissioner (Col. Davies held that he ought t o
N.p
.
be recorded as owner of i. e., of A and B's share an d

-T
..
1875-76. 1876-77. 1877-78.

is ponsession of the shay e of C, ` out of Possession.y
__
The Officiatinga inancial Commissioner ( Mr OuseleY)
_
considered that D should be recorded owner of the whole.
©
$allabgarh 283 I 72
Secretar to Government's No. 701 of June 19th , 1877y
concurred with the Financial Commissioner ruling "thet
00
00
Delhi 28$ Y 85 .
"the consent or nonconsent of the absentees mrbht 'g
:1
.
.
affect the validitY of the transfer in a court of law ,but
-
000
Sunipat... 233 14
p p
"all the Settlement Officer has to do is to ascertiair
o
"whether the transfer has or has not taken Place and
uOI
« to frame his record according1Y.

District ... 810 176
000

WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE.
BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY'
Numerous .)=As to the entry of numerous names in successive khatas
frames on suc- it was ruled by the Commissioner with the approval of
Ballabgarh was finished in March 1879 ; Delhi in Sep-
,
cessive khatas.
the Financial Commissioner, that the set of names mighj,
tember 1878, and Suni t in March 1879. The attestation
.
be written once, and a reference made in subse q"cent
of the Superintendents
erintendents was general, and not limited or mini- khatas where the names are the salve.
!3d
raised at anv p ercentage a (thoubgh I tried this as an exPeri-
nlent at 10 °)o ,' it followed that of the DeAutY Spnp erinten-. -An im ortant case (from Karnal was decided
a
dents without an Y grent dela . A few of the orders of the ante in the three settlements of the division. Where
0_o
Settlement Officer .,as to princr p les and special points of at- the land or p art of the land of a viii abe
g had been farm-
testation may be geven here. I should have wished to give ed or leased to outsiders for term of settlement how
..,.,...,..
these at g renter len th but I have. had no. time to a Q. over , should the record be fram ed 7. The Financra
. ' ' ' Com- .
CIO
,
all'tha papers. missioner in his No. 4,7617S of th August 187n held
that the framing of the record must be postponed till
3HL
ct~ a should always be given-and
---Particulars of in rtg.ages the announcement. of the assessments, when the read
. if the amount is not known, or.t in.., dis ute, a remark
. .. .. owners would be admitted, and recorded as admitted,
178 REVISED REPORT of THE DELHI BETTLE3tENT. 179-
Chapter X. ] History of the operations of the
certained and recorded on the basis of existing practice.

their executing a differently worded administration paper. as
i: found it a useful help in sharpening at once the
th wits and
n tiny their `darkhwast mil g uzarf.' The
a condition of accepting
attention of the zamfndars, to collect two or three vil- officiating Financial Commissioner, however, did not think
es at the same time, grouping the men of each village this necessary. The 9. as at present allowed is .merely
(D
o
together, and distributing them toward different points of that the `mine is closed.'
the compass. Then with a writer for each villa g a the ques- 111 the villages of Malikpnr Kohi, and
tioning began, the same question being asked, in succession Chalk-pits p
in certain il- Mahrauli, the zamindars en" revenue (if an ) from chalk-
of the several sets of villagers.
a I found that by listenin g 1age8. pits,
(j
to the accounts given by their neighbours their comprehen-
j
sion of what was going on was material]Y improved, while 17. The subject ofvillage a expenses (Malba) also
tant attested some of the villagesa.
the rapid despatch of work was facilitated, The Extra Assis- deserves mention. The ; management
a of these vests with the
but. their control is not so irresponsible as of
l
vera myse in each of the three pargannabs. I think
that on the whole this im rtant branch of the attestation
work was well and honestly done. The plan of all the
p
old : the proprietors in many-villages show an increasing desire
to know more about the details of expenditure than before;.
'
and the amount which the Y are willin should be spent by
papers in the district was uniform; wherever the subject the lambardars is becoming more limited. In sixteen vi --
matter of any particular section was not required for an any lager the sum was actua11red-in
nentioir the W ijTb-ul-arz.
(D
village, the fact was to be stated
, in the proper p I
place.
A sample of tho years: expenses and its ob'ects
a is given in>
think this is well, for it ensures regtilaritY: and it guards
.
Appendix XVIIr
against the idea which might perhaps be entertained here-
after that the point had been overlooked. ' 18: The attestation of the tribal customs of they
._
Attestation district has not been done as much by. myself in person as
The work of attestation was completed by the end. a I wished. It was a work to which: I had looked
of- the Riwtt.'- - .forward'
oI December 1879. 1 shad attested the papers
16. Before leavin g the subject of the JatsrGtiiJ'ars and Brahmins, and one or two other tribes,.
J of the adrain'istration I broke down and had to take short leave. Meanwhile the
paper, I mention seParately the matter of Government right
to mines and quarries as attested therein As a general' work could not be delayed a on account of the<
rule (see Chapter II ) the only mineral that is dealt with in. numbers of lambarda,rs su-mmoned--on fixed da .s
in _
meat would have been difficult, without thinking of any-
this connection is kankar, and the right to dig for this has
been stipulated for on the part of Government Proprietors other reasons against deferring the matter. So the Extra
wanting it for their own use can dig after getting the Assistant had to finish up : he knew my way of doing it, and
mission of the Deputy Commissioner. This permission p Per-
the various points on which I considered special care and.
(D0
should not ordinarily be refused. The same repeated enquiry necessary, and I have no- doubt the resuljs=
_ will be the as wormed up by showy a good workinga record.
casewith. one. u i is right tomention that in Molar-
band it appeared that the zamfndars had in practice excavat- Para 207. 1. The Janchr or examination of the rough attes--
P
ed _and.sold stone for a y years : their right to de o.f tattoo papers, and of the rest of the record, as drawn up inu
so was accordi i g1 y maintained. In Aran gp ur there was the record, the rough, was made in the office of each superintendent,
difficulty about the crYstab mine. The zamfn' dars knew they and- there also the first faired copy of the compfete record'
would never work it themselves ; but after reading the letter was made : in this district this first copy is called the p pat--
referred to in Chapter I on the chance of finding gold in warts copy. From this again, after examination by a se pa-
a I wished to make particularly sure that no
the village, rate establishment under the Extra Assistant, was faired the
question should hereafter be possible. The zamf ndars how-
'
second copy, which will remain the Government, copy and
°
-ever did not consent to any thing mare explicit than what has been filed in the district office. The fairing a of the
,
.
was entered before so I referred the subject to the Finan- PatawrLs copy, was done by b the best among the th pat varfs,,
cial Commissioner, asking to be allowed if necessarY" to and by Mubarrirs, paid either from settlement fees, or the
cancel the settlement made with the v'
. a and insist on s 1
1>is colleetians under the twi rfs cess, The airing o
__a
---
CORDS
INDIA
BE REPRODUCED'PHOTOGRAPH
-
1
Chapter %.) History of the operations of the present Settlement

WITHOUT PERM[SSION OF
IIB&ARY
the settlement Department Delhi District from Imperial
.. ,,
.
1
- ri n
6
57,058 12 4
L81 12,376 15 4
1
9
,
01 9
6 10
t 1
62,563 10 3
...
12,490 12: .,.
6
9
a - .ot. l o o
tit 890`L9
7
63,382 12
7
tp
01
00
53,580 11
11
H m c co o o o
T
co oo oo
54,103
-
53,243
54,768
10 4,81,699
58, 180
081
N O
0 t.
UJ
,4 a
H O t.a co oo
M
m 00 0o O
!! , v
C)
ct t` - r-i
&
E4,
'rCl 'O M Ca aS N
T
00
W tG o tQ . m m o to
1880.
.
a
rr O ti c
1,265 12 2
.tom
01
...
4 ... 1
ci .a
,..
r+ rd
ncnt Officcr ere ad .N a o7 N W N w
8
8
211 ...
.r .9 I ri
,,,
si
eA
.
m c O oo cy
202
tt,1
20
W
26
99y I
r-+
2,659
483
873
,# N Ct N
a
.
: `N cQ n;
-
.,.
.
C07
d
y m,, a t` o cr-l
tables,
N
rl riW .r
establishments. try stationery, office

Contingencies (cloth
oo
2
W Oi
10
c
11
9
10
4
3
g
rent, official post.

..:'j S
U V 0 0
- 4 -7i i t.
O
-l dt-1
N O
other
F -
14
14
9
6
N
age, &c.)
c
10
13
13
d4
ri
14
£1
C9
Ot
11
10
7
Ct+
.ti nl
from 1871.72 to
V ,-4
.
1
C mV°Q
q 054'C A
O ttJ N d h
N c c
5,282
i
4,582
2,404
3,735
5,994
O69
18`8
d ti aN
5,337
:1,309
8,484
- 0+' h0
45,495
eo ev0 o
4,671
w d c
and
Ua
. a
C di ' d 0O t.- 00 w c.o O c;
DD
O
.N
+y F m A M. . C0 'M t0 @t eN t0 t4 a0 rl
ante of Gazetted office and field paper

_
G
o4 4)i -
allowances of for
U
N r .
O
. .
ti w m
65 13 2
:
9
7
oC1
6
t
9
o c t.
ti o N - r-
.
.x o c'
10
3
2
5
01
co
7
1,508 14
2
cs+
9
6
.
r-
Travelling
. t m
m.c m ,-l l
tiii
-
rf N 1
Pt
W m
o °
o0 00
11,439
oo
1],557
1,258
1,242
.11,565
8L0`1
112,249
467
a q ri
1,078
o
-
.
`°o N
{. ca
c cc
H o
H
p _
r; .n
-- 4" ,-l
-- -
ri rl ri ty
'
_
amm
o
..
M
l __
n
4
.
4,663 14 7
I
..0 + O
4
eN r_'4
...
9
e-r
a
13
24 ...
^'
;
Officers,
N m
u o
an ,-4
t. nrl t .; °
Travelling
O o
c
COL
320
t..
461
73
174
704
.q
1,257
1,115
at"i
WITHOUT PERMISSION
4,
d O
U tD C`t m
L
Cl
0. Cq N r-1 to
O
i
.
y V
)
F
t -"
Expenditure
H .
m' t.
Office and field

: r-1
27,581 13 7
1
9 4
9,185 .,. 4
eM
8
7
9
3
CD eM CQ
8 11
_
Od
rc N O
.y M M
L
N
...
26,333 15
7
26,428 10
'.. 98I
8
6
oo
30,820; 13
CO
rl
1
t
: ,-
rl .
.
. N Cq O
rl Q
.
81,015.
.
0- O
4,186
25,042
30,136
t0 .r
.r
6 3 2,42,288
is
31,557
-
47 GO
of N
t.-
° .
and
-
c w ao cca cV u: 0 o0
rt, ,- O CD >n .+ N
9a
)
C c1 w M o0 e
CO Cl
N
O m Gc J
- c tti
r3
6
9
t0 it
...
2 7
t9
...
r4 ri
t6
N C3 O c O N O m
2
Gazetted
01
1
9
6
Officers,
GV
F ,-4 r4 . 1
statement
U ._ O N
m eo
n O O
23,394
crl
908`P
4,306
d+ C)
26,880
21,066
23,200
23,512
c,
21,911
... 1,74,342
ri
1,500
r-1
o o
14,679
c
168`$1
18,891
O
N O M oo tq
o
c+:M
o0
oo to ao c@
Nw
Ct N N N N H ~ tiN CC rr
.
t
TIDE
. N r m t. c c o r-i
-1~ cat.oo ot. ' r ta vt. titit. t_t.oo dt.00 ati0c
t.
t` co ti n ti
1872-73
1873-74
+'
9L- Z81
1871.72
1874.75
1875-76
1876.77
1878-79
648481
1877.78
1879.80
1880-81
19-0881
YEAR,
ew
tyt o ari o Map r4ao 00 rl 0o rti 4 r4
oo GO
t.._
r.e °
4
I
f.. —
DELHI SErrLEUEN?. 189 .
188 REVISED. REPORT OF TEE —
History of the operations of the present Settlement. {Chapter X. Chapter X.J History of the operations of the present Settlement.
E:
§ 30. The expens9s up to date of
'writing this under
the head of Settlement Fees have been Re. 1,43,969/l5/9i'-;
•
I'ara
Settlement
U,
'U. a to I
including a sum of Re. 2,000/- which I propose to appropriate Feea. U,
U,
0 0
U,
for the purpose of printing this report and accompayying U,
mapa 43
0 a>
The accounts of disbursements under this head have, since bursing

Mode of dis.
sums
January 1878, beside the check supplied by the Accountant under thia ac-
Ca
II .9
I:
General's Department on the amount of cheques drawn, count
been under my personal superintendence in English —
43 ti-I
.4,
a 00 00 0 U,
—
I
and Urdu; and as I never signed a cheque except after closely
p4
scrutinising its details and the orders on which it was drawn,

02 C> a'
a>0
I am able with confidence to say that the money has been 4., (D
carefully spent Before 1878 there was no English account
p4
".4
of these expenses kept, but I went into the nazir's books 0)
0
0
and had a consecutive statement drawn up for every month a)
It
a>
a
as to join on to my own book, and the details now. are I') .
b CC!)
throughout, in English. I
I
— 0 U
z .1
The chief items of expenditure were those of the non- Chief itens a>.
p443
';Ez
F-IC)
sanctioned establishment in each tahsil for the of
w .4
examination (jánch ) of papers, and the muharrirs em- '-4

0
ployed under the contractors for fairing the Government copy 0 U,
of the record. Latterly a special establishment was formed a

•
under the Extra Assistant Settlement Officer for final exami-

U,
'-4 '-4
U,
I.-
0
U,
CO
0
-'-I
'-4
04 a I 0
I passing of the as correct. The average 00 00 t,.
monthly bill for non-sanctioned establishment was about Re. w
1,500/. Other items worthy of mention are Re. 30/- a month
-
---
for rent of the B rinteudent's Office in the sadr tahsIl, Re. .c3
60J- a month for two Translators in the

a sum of Re. 2,000/- or thereabouts spent in making up the 0
8 anna 'parcha' books. I give here a general statement of a>
0
accounts of money actually received in, and paid away from, p4
I the settlement fees account 1872—80. 0.
a, 43
0 ._. -
0
4)
0
I 4.,
a>
I il
.9.9
I
I
a>
I C) a>
p4 p4
0202
a>
I
.
p4 a> I o8
a>
I
I
a>
0
1. U, , •1
U)
-.
..- —
: 4 —..... .
.,
..:.•
REVISED REPORT OF TITS
ZI
ICE LIBRARY
Sri
The Assessment.
§ 1. The work of assessment as m'lh g t be inferred

erred from
the general notice of settlement ope rations,given in the
and de
relob
preceding Chapter, was in a great measure mixed. Mr. Wood
submitted the revenue rates its for Ballabgarh and Delhi,
note books for those two tabsils contain-
ing the autograph record of his inspections village by ' e.
Before announcing the detailed assessments however, I had to
e
go over them carefull Y in revision with reference to the
Government orders passed on the rates report which made
this necessary, especially in Ballabgarh where as will be
seen below, some alterations in Mr. Woods rates were made
byY the Commissioner and finally sanction ed. The general
V
effect of this revision, which, in the case of Ballsb h, was
(b)
made on very short uaintance with the district, was to
lower the lamas assessed by Y Mr. Wood s ' htly in several
circles, and a good deal in the Kohl circle of that tahsil.
tam. This will be referred to again further on In Delhi the
differences made were, as a rule small; but the high figure at
o
which the owner's rate was fixed by y Government nt seemed to
call for some considerable revision in the Bangar circle. so fax
..
Sunipat. as regards the canal villages. Sunipat assessment was
altogether my work. So that, on the whole about equal shares
i
of the district assessment aY be consider as done by my
predecessor and myself. As coming last/ however, I must
admit my responsibilityY to be the greater
WITHOUT
eater and whilee do' so,
BE REPRODUCED
po
testi to the conscientious care and labon
ous method of Mr. Wood's assessments-I -r
some account of .each tahsil, regarded as a revenue-
-to ve
tract, with particulars as to the mode of assessment. laYmg
OFFICE LIBRARY
As the
d
revenue rates reports of the district have not been
than otherwise would beprinteci,
.
this will occupy more sP ace
PHOTOG RA PH-NOT TO
neces-
S ]3J1
,
sary. Appendix XX gives the facts of form A s how>ng the
area, resources, and general revenue ns of the
district. The remarks on Ballabgarh and Delhi are of courCe
in great part, based on, and summarised from those of Mr,
(D
Wood; but I have not hesitated to substitute m own
p cessions for his whereveriit seem ed 'nec;essaJly'" '" "`" "
`
THE
RECORDS
vii
1 06 REVISED REPORT OF THE DELHI SETTLE' IES T. 19 7
OFFICE LIBRARY
The Assessment. [Chapter gI, N
2
COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-N
N
9
n
WITHOUT PERMISSION OF
cious repair of .some of these fine works which in their p re- Cotton (uncleaned) 12 sers w
Sri
sent ruinous state seem to convey a mute but forcible re- per Rupee.
roach
, to our Present administration. The portion of the chak
lying round Chhatarpur is a high sloping plateau, with its
-
-
Bailey 39 seas ditto.
4
Sugarcane (gur) 15 sers
t
BE REPRODUCED
1
drainage to the. south-east, and a subordinate depression in the chitak ditto.
13d
centre. The staples are bajra with , 'war in. , the Kharff and
bejhar, and barley and wheat ( ` goJr ) in the Rabf. Cul- N
tivation has increased by 29 per cent. and there is still nomi-
CD
Wally 15 per cent. culturable. The real culturable area -Prices of other crops can be seen in Appendix III.
however, is less than this, as not a little of the land so entered
is such as will hardly ever repay cultivation .
crease in assessment. The countervai '
..
These, then, were the grounds for expecting a large in-
facts were the
o
want of thrift common in many, perbaps most 'villages, the N
9. The above gives some idea of thegeneral features Para 227.
-o--
poor character of much of the new cultivation
R
of the tahsfl at the time -it
cameo -
GeneralIa5s
dahar iu some ai
.
ra ion of soil whether i

The incidence of the revenue of the expired settle ment was, bearing on the by the deposit of sand from the hills obstruction of drainage c
.
as a rule, distinctively h ght, and the increase of cultivation assessment. by the ca . . -
IU
., ,. A
3
c
afforded an obvious presumption that a considerable increase of Okhla weir. c
,
revenue vasto be expected. This p iesump stre -
piesumption-was
.-reid yooneV.
rara.
'
()A
ened by the facts of the undoubted general development 10. The new assessment rates proposed by the. i ,
00
of the country, the improvement of the roads and communi- .n
v
.
Review o f Settlement Officer, after consideration of these and other facts,
reveweeomssoner 0 .s
cations, especially by the construction of the Mathra road
which opens up the tahsfl through a its whole 1e h, and the°
II r Woo d's
poet by the _i
were
,-
-
Cmii
b th (Colonel G. Davies
rise in .price' agricultural produce. This latter point is one
of of agriccltural Statement Some alterations were. made, the result of which is shown
that does not seem to require to be dwelt on at great length , produce.
'
showing Set- below. Colonel Davies' rates were accepted throughout by ' V1
though a few remarks may be made which will suffice for the
other tahs h as well as this. . -
tlement Offi- the Financial Commissioner.
cer's and Com-
- Q
missiouer's
i rates.
The return of rites given id Appendix III, and diagram
E
accompanying it, was obtained by systematic inspection of

banya's books throughout the district, and may be taken as
very generally accurate. It shows a rise in price more or less HCp (O
x
WITHOUT PERMISSION F THE

COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH NOT
.
decided in the case of every staple, and there is no doubt This point
&RECORDS
LT1
whatever that this means, in a considerable degree, a rise in dwell on. H 'q
value also. But I do not like to press this fact greatly. as a _
reason self-sufficient for raising the assessment, though it O ;v C

_nertaLinlyshould cause enquiry and explanation in cases b
d
.
where it is not accompanied by such an increase. Under the n b

CD
present agricultural economy the zamindar does not obtain ,,

bx
COD
anything like his share in the increased prosperity of the coun-

try, and I am one of those who fear that he is at present more H
under the grasp of the move y-lender than he was saY thirty O
z
Years ago. This is not the place to discuss the problem of tR o x
INDIA OFFICE
-such'social relations, but the fact is one that requires to be.

-((D
remembered in dealing with the practical question of assess- y

. ent. The prices, taken as av ra ge for the last 20 Years
1855--74 for the PrinciPa1 crops. are. as follows ,--- H
0L 1
O
C
r
CORDS
REVISED REPORT ON TIIE
!COPYRIGHT PHOTO GRAPH-NOT TO
OL
BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPH
[Chapter %I. Chapter SL] The A_asessxpent.

&
Para 229. § 11. The data on which the assessment rates
Settle- Commis-
sioner.
founded were
Data of as by the Settlement Officer were main1y two,
respectively
sessment. vi11age inspection, and produce estimates.
The village
inspections it has been alreadystated, were made
the cold season of 1875, and their results entered minutel in
Officer.
ment
a Note-b ook, the sub stance of the contents of which has
been
d
entered in the vill e statements. The enquiries ' 'ea made then
WITHOUT
Commis-
were useful, not only as a guide to the assessment. for
sioner,
each
ebut as checking the results of the exPeriments made, _
to ascertain the average produce of the different soils

crops. These, though .a great deal of trouble was taken and
o
matter proved unsatisfactory, the plan on which theyin the
I
$y the Settlement Ofeer and the commissioner for
1 10
8
9
1 10
6
1 12
12
8
4
1 4
9
8
9
P
made was elaborate; but reqiiired more observers, than itwere
2
2
ti-
1
1
was
1
I
found lm ssible to put to the work during the years ears they
g
DAKAR
w in
were
...
Un-manured ...
Un-manured ...
...
Un-manured ...
......
......
Un-manured ...
Un-manured ...
progress, 1 872-74. The Settlement 0lhcer recorded his eg .
rience as showing that had the experiments been undertaken
in about 80 vill e's instead
of 223, as was the case, the results
might have be more trustworthy. In calculating the
average prods e o unirii ted soils 3 ears in 20, were
statement assessme rates
taken
[ as barren, yielding nothing
t
g at all to the cultivator.*

.
I
12. To supply, as . far as might be, the place of th e

Amended experimental statistics, a set of produce estimates was drawn.
U V
produce esti- up under the directions of the Commissioner

Settle-
. The difference
ment
Reference V
mates, in the gross ash values obtained from these two

f
is very small, but there is a more substantial diveestimates

the distrib ution. Th e question of produce estimates en '
Commis-
discussed more at length, when the assessme t rates will be

.
other ahsi1s have been referred to. For the of the
sufficient to note, that as regards circles, present it is
oo ' the Commissi over

o
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
considerabl y raised the estimate of the 'Dahri

chak, and
WITHOUT PERMISSION
considerably lowered that of the Khdar Bangar.
6
6
6.0
8
0
0
0
0
8
8
0
H '
Settlement Officer.
circles remained almost exactly the same. By The other

&RECORDS
4
2
8
3
8
2
2
3
4
3
9
p
a
pendence, however, on the produce estimates, the closer de-
......
......
......
...
......
......
......
sinner s J ama at revenue rates fell about 4 Commix.

cent.
Un-manured
Un-manured
lower than
Un-manured
Un-manured
per
Manured ...
that of the Settlement Officer, aand this amount 2 36 64 6 was

Manured
Manured
Manured
Manured
Manured
accepted by the Financial Commissioner. The

coinpartitive
guns are given below ;--
figures _
4
, ____
' This was nsidered somewhat arbitrary
91/
cP
by the Commissioner in has
review of the rates, but the Settlement Officer had in a measure ii a
.
grounds for the choice. Some proportion of explained his
3
allowed au d the answer to the question, what barren years must, it is clear
INDIA OFFICE
depend on the ss prop°rtio

of the aseamg officer, which n, must more or r 'less
s
III.-Dahrf
after the
VI,-Kohf
correct or incorrect of a mentally reooided set of' result,'

experiences and facts.
if, as is said with great plausibility, all "assessment And
' a series of elaborate
guesses," to say that a talc ylation i u arbitrary is
ma a cri hardly
OL
complete.in itself,
:
ViG
1
DELHI SETTLEMENT.
dons against mistake, which seemed ssible, under the cir- 1 being a reduction on my announcements of Ibs. 2,770/- in
LIBRARY &RECORDS
cumstances. I made the announcements toward the end Announce- appeal, and Is. 1,370-in review. As the facts will be valuable,
of Ma ;for the southern part of the tahsil at Ballabgarh, menu h o w
in dealing with questions of remissions or reductions here-
for the north at Mahrauli. The sanctioned revenue rates "'tee' after, should any such arise. I have tho ht it worth while
amounted to Be. 2,36,646/-. Mr. Wood's detailed assessments to note the cases of accepted appea1s iu detail, see Appendix
reached Bs. 2,40,360/-, but there is reason to suppose that XXI.
had he himself remained to announce, he would have lowered
this figure, and under the Government orders it was directlY Consequence In a few cases the concessions made by the Commis-
incumbent on me to do so. These inculcated great caution, in some sinner, seemed to alter the character of the- assessment, so
of reductions
in dea1ing with cases where the rates Yielded an undue thereby given. materially, that I thought mYomif bound to make reductions
increase. The total of my announcements was according1Y
. in the 'auras of adjoinir&g or neighbouring villages, in order
Bs. 2,32,130/- that is, Bs. 4,516/- below rates. All the 283 villa- How received. to preserve an equality..and consistency of rates in the same
IOR.
Ref
-. . es
gaccepted at once except five and. in these tract. Assessment of ens gave an addition of a. 508/-, .
necessarY for most part to mae concessons.ey were resumed masts including ` nis -nits . , -, w '
all in the Kohi circle and it is very likely that my first figures tion of Its. 1167- was necessary for land taken up for public
were in some cases too high, though I had, in each, reduced purposes, and a `nisf--rit plot assessed at uU rates along
Mr. Wood's estimate. The following statement shows the
result of the Assessment in this tahsil
Result chak-
wi r for t h e :- in Form E, sanction has been obtained, is.
with Khalisa land. The final amount therefore, for which
2,29,8891-,
V:
which is also the Kamil or ultimate of Form G, see Ap-
pendix XXII. The initial J'aura, it will be observed, there is
Bs. 2,27,832/-, allowing Bs. 1,269/- on progressive jams, and
.
Bs. 788/- on protective leases. .
..
average demand,
columns ..and 4.
Para236. 18. In the Dahri and Zerkohi it will be noticed, I
CHAS, Decrease.
assessed somewhat over revenue rates. This was done
Increase;
Remarks on
the differences deliberatelYy.. After local enquiry, which information obtained
from revenue from time to time seemed to confirm I came to the conclnsior
Old
rates chakw4r. > >
that the capacity, and resources of a good many villages- in

this part of ,Ballab rh had been under-estimated. The -
Hhadar Bdngar... ... 46,233 53,698 50,355 3,343 mistake> I think laY in under-estimating the powers of ,
bhur soil favourably situated with regard to moisture. , Low
......
WITHOUT PERMISSIQN
1Yi
BE REPRODUCED
Baugar 79,126 94,598 93,005 1,593 'nn bhur is in fact better than dry rausli ' and if the
Dahrf Sailkb ... 32,592 33,414 33,925 .,
ti moisture is pretty certain, and not liable to great variation
in degree and season, the sandy soil, , need be treated with no
Zerkohi ... 21,349 21,743 21,840 more indulgence than ordinary rausli. The jams announced
9,889 13,794 12,540 1,254 were in many cases reductions, and I could see that in some
of these a decrease in the revenue demand, had. not beeii
Kohl ... ... .. 13,123 19,367 16,325 3,042 expected. I do not mean to say this is a crucial test, but
as a rule it is a good one. On the whole I am still inclined
to think tthat this circle has been Iiberally, if not generouslYr
2,36,614 treated. The Bang ar assessments are very close on-}the
revenue rates. In the printed orders on the assessment
-. report, there is a clerical mistake. It is there said, that "care
.
17. In column 4, it will be noticed, are included the Para 235. should be taken in assessing the Khradar, and Rohf
& RECORDS
"
results of review and appeal. There were 41 of the latter,
THE
Circles." ,I have however, that what .was meant
and of these33`were accepted and 8 rejected, the totat result was " careshould be taken in assessing -the Khadar Ban gar
, ,
gird of course Kohl circles, and as a matter fact the.
`
.:-
,.:: -
H
DELHI SETTLEMENT, 205
r
204 REVISED REPORT O! THTv
OFFICE LIBRARY
N
BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHIC
COPYRIGHT PHOTOGRAPH-NOT T
L
The Assessment. (Chapter XI. N

PERMISSION OF THE
A
rri
IA OFFICE LIBRARY &
was no need to go materially below the revenue rates, in this " may be possible , , to double their
'ama, without any serious or w
permanent injury, to the prosperity of the community.
chak, in distributing the assessments. In the Khandrat I "
a are small,
was not able to reach the circle rates. The villages But with all deference to Government instructions, I would
and though the soil i good, the. resources of the cultivators "submit, that this is the only kind of preparation they are
p
are not as a rule large. As it is, the new jamas gave an
increase of over 20 per cent. quite as great in my opinion, as
is safe. The ohi circle, required more delicate and careful
handling than any other. There had been to start with, a menta. asaesa-
The Kohi
circle
(
Progressive
assessments.-
Continued.)
keasonsgiven u
able to make, for a sudden increase in the Government de-
I may be wrong, out it seems to me as about the
mand.
last thing done ,

by any. native
with, to consciously prepare for a rsei in b li
I have met
up
n; '
money, grain, or any other kind of immediately available
previous assessment, which in a good manYvillabges, fell with for proposing
an almost nominal. incidence on the area under cultivation. them.-(Con- " wealth. What rea11Y happens is, that by reason of the
tinued.) -"._ordinary .working of economic laws, a light Jama induces
This and other things pointed to a large increase in the
I
IOR
Reference
1y
.
" them to spend a little more on the' houses, a little more 7a

.
C?-
assessment, buton the-other han ne
all improvident, lazy, and thriftless G{Jars ; many of them f" on their oxen, perhaps a little more on their seed. TheY
p
. average circumstances. are thus, in a measure prepared, for a less fortunate time,
.,
... y
c>s
O
were poor,andnoneofthem,inmorethan
p
l
.
but it.is a time, which it seems to me should come on them ca
Mr. Wood's note book 'auras on the 32 villages of the circle,
%-O
o
as it enables them better to face any chance Jdp
r
amounted to lbs. 20,510/-, i.e., s. 1,143/- above the circle rates " aduallY,
, ca
amount 18.19,367 -. I reduced these in detail to I s.16,925/- "accident of loss by adverse seasons, cattle disease, personal N ,.
"illness or the like. This is taking the case of our best and
S
.
making reductions in 23 cases. In appeal, further reduc- .
tion was made to Rs.16,325]-, so that if the revenue rates stand- " p luckiest agiculturists,
b" men who with strong b arms, and
,.
"industrious habits formed by generations of useful labour,

v
fllh
ard,isto be anything mire thane name, quite enough concession
e-C
.S1
.has been made in this circle. Of this amount 894/- has. know the full power of the earth under willing hands. But
been deferred under progressive
b jamss, for five years, as ex- " change the men, or their circumstances, or their traditions
- -"- (an importantelement for- consideration)' and the base is
paineneoowing
lamed i th paragra lt.
" materiallY altered. In the present instance we have mainlY
f
. 19. In the case of 10 villages in this tahsil the Finan- Para 237. two tribes, Guars and Sheikhs. The latter have already
been characterised by * yourself as most unthriftY and im-
O
cial Commissioner's sanction, was obtained for the adoption Progressive
but the ` provident living in wretched hovels for the most pert, and
pro
assessments, as the approval of measure assessments
Reference
of progressive not ambitious of anything more than getting the minimum

was q qualified, and given to a great extent, on reliance on my for 10 villages.
representations, and those of the Commissioner, who supported produce from the land. Double the revenue of
" these men at once, and the great probability is they will
.p-4
them, it seems worth while recording the substance of the
"be ruined. - The Guars of the Kohi villages are in no better H (O
W ITHOUT P ERMISSION OF THE

BE REPRODUCED
remarks made in referringb the matter, and of the Financial iì'
bd
lT1
. Commissioners orders on that reference. In my No. 156 of " condition. Their villages are almost entirely kacha huts H
Hx b
IdSU
29th IaY 1878, , I noted that indulgence had been shown, to reed-roofs leaky and old , the men themselves ongi YO
the weaker yell es, in the announcements of detailed ]auras " na11y thieves, showed badly at the time of the mutiny,
and are not conspicuously loyal at present. A great rise O . ;v C
just made, but that the proper, degree of gentleness
,
could be
b
d
a proln'essive,. Jamas in 12 J'ama would, probably make many of them, cast to ng
-
manifested only, by allowing

specified cases, where the increase was very sudden, and yet " rememberances on the time, when the nightly. oceupation n b
on a consideration of all the circumstances, not to be reason- " was a search after cattle, not their own. `
,
ably diminished. "The mere fact indeed of a large increase " On the other hand. I can not recommend any further release, mb
_
x
aJ " to do so, would .be to surrender Government rights unJ'usti-
-c
.in assessment, s not of itself a conclusive reason for making

4
o
>
"the 'ama progressive, though it is in m Y opinion, cog entlY " fiablY, and (what is perhaps even more important) make it
presumptive of such a necessity. Granted a fine set of difficult for the assessing officer hereafter, to fix a right
, x
" J'ama But by a progressive J'ama the people would be
3
- '` Bats, -.with good l1oughs, good oxen, and good houses,
OFFICE
'' and a J'ama that has hitherto been distinctively light, it " given a chance. They would feel the harness gradually
RECORDS
.
OL
.
" A similar proposal, though it has been in a few cases now adopted there:.
.
Colonel Davies as Commissioner in his review of the Ballabgarh
* -
O,
vaa uegatived is Gurgaou, .
a8sea8weut report.
to
r
P
)IA
1
BE REPRODUCED PHOTOGRAPHICALLY'
OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS

206 BETISED REPORT OF THE DELHI SETTLEMENT. 207
TO
The Assessment. [Chapter %I. Chapter %I.] The Assessment.
"tightening, and under a judicious administration, would postponement is not advisable in their case it wcold,
" brace up their energies, to, meet the necessity for increased " I think, be right to Particularly direct the Deputy Com-
PERMISSION
" industry and forethought. " missioners attention to such viii es, in order that sus en-
p
4
« lions and remissions in case
of b harvests might be allow-
" ed in them, with special freedom during the first few years
After a reference made by the Commissioner to ascertain of the new Settlement."*
& RECORDS
the character of the crops of the years of measurement, the
orders of the Financial Commissioner were obtained. Mr. Orders of the It was also directed that thefull 'ama should be an-
L all remarked " the system is most 1einitiinate in the case Financial
Commissioner. Calculation nounced, and explanation of the present postponement of
9
" of estates owned by proprietors who are, in respect to in- of progression revenue given, as a deduction of so many annas in the rupee
"come and scale of ex nditure uch above the ordinary how made. on the full amount. BY this means the remembrance of the
"run. If such estates are found to be very lightly assessed, nit.
might be thought, would be more real and an
"both with reference to present profitsand capabilities of tie
»P_
_
in
,
_
present. Commissioner ad appea re-
" improvement, then in making a settlement for a long term, duced some of my m J and had himself made the assess-
"I think progressive Jalnas often decidedly expedient. ment progressive .in two cases, while in a third++ the Princi-
These men can, and often do prepare, for the coming in- pie had been affirmed by, the Financial Commissioner in
t
crease, by reducing expenditure or by extending cultivation, Remarks ex- appeal, so that on reconsideration, and after reflection on the
and in such cases I would sometimes postpone part of the planning them. Financial Commissioner's remarks, progressive assessment
" increase for as long as seven or even ten years."
0
seemed necessary in the case of seven . other villages only. ,
For these .villages, ten alto gether, the Princip le was adopted
$
"I understand that the 12 viii es under report are all,
.
the following figures show the results :--
or mostly, villages of the class discussed in the last para-
a so
" grajEh1f they are at present in.P- order circums ces an
,...
,.
* Para, 6 of this letter went on:-

"usual from calamities of season, or expenses of Settlement,
" then that would be a good reason for postponing full
" enhancement for a short term of say 3 to 5 years , or if « "There may be some vi11oges in which it can be foreseen that even a
much smaller enhancement than the facto juattfy is very
there is much tenant land in some of them, and tenants to end in
"ing the present proprietors, because in spite of very light assessments ruin.
" pay not the revenue and cesses, but independent rents in «
are from want of thrift, energy aid in they
aheady very poor and deeply
" cash or kind, and such rents are low compared to revenue in debt. In some of these cases, I think, we must deliberately impose an
O
.
and certainly capable of enhancement that might be "assessment which though most decidedly light, we can foresee is
Y to
"drive
" out the proprietors the end-such men are onl y fit for the position
" a good reason for a short postponement. Otherwise my of tenants, living from hand to mouth, with no credit to pledge, and im-
view would be, that, as the percentage of increase is very pelled to work by the necessity of living and by compulsion from above.
CD
This was very much their position under native Governments

« eat in all these cases a further reduction should be given and they will
* * * * "sink to it again. If we allow them a decided! y hght assessment, as compared
y
and the full
c-.
«+ announced `.` to other villages I think we do all we can for proprietors

who are
a m guzrs p Y
at once." na ure
"I Put little weight on Mr. Maconachies' argument, that This paragraph indeed is not else itial to the d ' 'an of the matter, but
it seems (if I may say it) so wise and right that I can of fo the P lessors
such reductions make it difficult for future Settlement of t
here. The paernal policy of " the rammdar some.
" Officers to fix a right 'ama. times confounds the duty of helping those who help thenisely with an
unnecessary and indulgence toward lacy castes, which make their
social or religious
pretensions, an excuse for getting a light revenue front
" If the full Jamas to be taken are announced at once Government, and then levying black mail on their more industrious hbours
OF THE
in some to laYit.
of these cases, because according to my view, stated
IdV
L
RECORDS
* Garhi nliamina

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:NDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS

REVISED FORT OF TII DELHI sETTLEMENr. 109

WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE

I'ocially in the hot weather, but he will always wear,

The women wear the

or loose drawers-the `an

era, l also called tukrf or

and the abdomen wholly so : and the ` orhea' or cloak veil

or ` than ( b ) or manger put up in the corner. This is gener-

kansi --for drinking,Hulk or sit ' ( lassl)-- brass

when of a smaller size.

INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS

of grain an however, is well known.

are here shown at the-east-end-are the principal, rooms of. the

perty of g to mention those most comnlonly worn...:. . .

INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS

REVISED REPORT of TIIE DELIii sETTLE3tENT. 1Y3

(1).-On the crown of the head--on the `choti' is worn a Womene

ornament.- (1()).--Fin er rings are worn (anl;uth)

fastened on the top of the head and coming down on

axi weattlie fiilloan ;-

INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS

(9(9).-The thumb ring with mirror (arse) is worn .alike bY

116 nEVIsE REPORT of THE (, ) DELI1I sErrLE3iEST.

ay fifty miles off." This lea is called `bhut bid 'a'

years, there is no minimum age. The proceedings are much

INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS

the biidegroouf father with it.

118 REVISED 8E10&T OF THE

The habits and mode-0f life of the people. [Chapter 7T.IL

Marriage should follow betrothal in the first or

those of he bride and then she follows him seven times

in front of his face in a circle. His friends scatter ` paisa to-

or other for the date of the marriage.. This parti-.coloured string is

.` ` final leave-taking of the bride, and the departure to her

land not on the common ground like the ma hat. .The -

pat is 28 miles north of Delhi and Ballab h 22 miles to

J , arid `Sai z naandff There are a1so1 sub-

idea of which was taken from the Hazara Settlement Report.

INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS

District Superintendent of Police.

INDIA OFFICE LIBRARY & RECORDS

Administrative and Miscellaneous.

in the accounts of the Accountant General's office as .

' Police force No. of CAsEs No. of PEBsoxs TaD.

Cantonment .. ... ... ... 4 1

n . .. j ll. Statement of more heinous criminal offences:-

Criminal Trespass and

Receiving and dealing

TOTAL :.. 2 ... 4 5 1 16 30 a

- --- --- ----

The population of the Delhi district as a rule is

1'IitltinY, John Lawrence (I think it was) wrote :-" of the

and behave accordinbly," he 1essoli ieceived in 1807

Cribed as 111Mbehaved. I give some crlmin 1 statistics below:-- ate crilninalitY. .. . ..

Previous Fiscal administration of the, District. [Chapter

for his Private ex- p and, after