COLUMN DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Project Name : 5-STOREY BUILDING

Definitions Of Terms:
All forces in units kN and m
All reinforcement details like area, spacing in mm
Neutral axis angle for resultant design moment is with respect to local major axis.
Ratio to account for reduction of stiffness of
1 βdns =
columns due to sustained axial loads
Moment magnification factor for frames not braced
2 δns =
against sidesway
First-order relative deflection between the top and
3 Δo =
bottom of the story due to Vu in mm
∑Pu = Total factored vertical load in kN. (Clause 10.10.5.2)
4
δu = Design displacement in mm
5
Modification factor reflecting the reduced
6 λ =
mechanical properties of concrete
Coefficient defining the relative contribution of
7 ac =
concrete strength to nominal wall shear strength
Cross-sectional area of a structural member
Ach = measured to the outside edges of transverse
8
reinforcement in sqmm
Gross area of concrete section bounded by web
Acv = thickness and length of section in the direction of
9
shear force considered in sqmm
Effective cross-sectional area within a joint in a
Aj = plane parallel to plane of reinforcement generating
10
shear in the joint in sqmm
Area of non-prestressed longitudinal tension
11 As =
reinforcement in sqmm
Minimum area of shear reinforcement within
12 Avmin =
spacing 's' in sqmm
B = Width of column/ wall in mm
13
Cross-sectional dimension of member core
bc = measured to the outside edges of the transverse
14
reinforcement composing area Ash in mm
Distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral
15 c =
axis in mm
Cc = Clear cover to longitudinal reinforcement in mm
16
Factor relating actual moment diagram to an
17 Cm =
equivalent uniform moment diagram
D = Depth / diameter of column in mm
18
Distance from extreme compression fiber to
d = centroid of longitudinal tension reinforcement in
19
mm
 Distance from extreme compression fiber to
20 d' = centroid of longitudinal compression
reinforcement,mm
21 Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete in N/sqmm
Flexural stiffness of compression member in N-
22 EI =
sqmm
Specified compressive strength of concrete cylinder
23 f'c =
in N/sqmm
Specified yield strength of reinforcement in
24 fy =
N/sqmm
Specified yield strength fy of transverse
25 fyt =
reinforcement in N/sqmm
Height of entire wall from base to top of wall
26 hw =
segment considered in mm
27 Icr = Moment of Inertia of concrete crack section
28 k = Effective length factor for compression member
Length of compression member in a frame,
29 lc = measured center-to-center of the joints in the frame
in mm
Moment of inertia of gross concrete section about
30 lg =
centroidal axis neglecting reinforcement in mm4
31 lw = Length of entire wall in mm
Un-supported length for compression member
32 lux =
along D in mm
Un-supported length for compression member
33 luy =
along B in mm
Moment capacity of section for a given NA angle at
34 MCap =
design Pu in kNm
35 Mcr = Cracking Moment
Resultant design moment at a given load angle to
36 MRes =
local major axis in kNm
Factored moment amplified for the effects of
37 Mc = member curvature used for design of compression
member in kNm
Factored moment modified to account for effect of
38 Mm =
axial compression in kNm
Factored moment acting on a section along D in
39 Mux =
kNm (From Analysis)
Factored moment acting on a section along B in
40 Muy =
kNm (From Analysis)
Smaller factored end moment on a compression
41 M1 =
member in kNm
Factored end moment on a compression member at
42 M1ns = the end at which M1 acts, due to loads that cause no
appreciable sidesway in kNm
Factored end moment on compression member at
43 M1s = the end at which M1 acts, due to loads that cause
appreciable sidesway in kNm
Smaller factored end moment on a compression
44 M1sldr =
member due to slenderness effect in kNm
Larger factored end moment on compression
45 M2 =
member in kNm
 Minimum value of moment M2 as per minimum
46 M2min =
eccentricity of column
Factored end moment on compression member at
M2ns = the end at which M2 acts, due to loads that cause no
47
appreciable sidesway in kNm
Factored end moment on compression member at
M2s = the end at which M2 acts, due to loads that cause
48
appreciable sidesway in kNm
Largest factored end moment on a compression
49 M2sldr =
member due to slenderness effect in kNm
Mnb = Flexure Capacity for Beam
50
Mnc = Flexure Capacity for Column
51
Nominal Flexure strength of column at top along
52 Mnty =
depth in kNm
Nominal Flexure strength of column at bottom
53 Mnby =
along depth in kNm
Nominal Flexure strength of column at top along
54 Mntx =
width in kNm
Nominal Flexure strength of column at bottom
55 Mnbx =
along width in kNm
Factored axial force normal to cross section
56 Nu =
occurring simultaneously with Vu in kN
Pc = Critical buckling load in kN
57
Ratio of area of distributed transverse
pt = reinforcement to gross concrete area perpendicular
58
to that reinforcement
Pω = Ratio of As to B x d
59
Q = Stability index for storey
60
Radius of gyration of cross section of a compression
61 r =
member in mm
Vc = Nominal shear strength provided by concrete in kN
62
Vj = Shear Force acting at the joint in kN
63
Vn = Nominal shear strength in kN
64
Vn' = Nominal shear strength at joint in kN
65
Vus = Factored horizontal shear in a storey in kN
66
Factored shear at section along D in kN (From
67 Vux =
Analysis)
Shear induced due to column flexural capacity
68 Vux1 =
along width, kN
Shear due to enhanced earthquake factor along
69 Vux2 =
width, kN
Factored shear at section along B in kN (From
70 Vuy =
Analysis)
Shear induced due to column flexural capacity
71 Vuy1 =
along depth, kN
Shear due to enhanced earthquake factor along
72 Vuy2 =
depth, kN
y = Neutral axis depth.
73
It is a Neutral Axis angle corresponding to load
74 β =
angle to find out MCap
Code References:
ACI 318M - 2011
Sr.No Element Clause / table
Minimum area of longitudinal
1 reinforcement for column : 21.6.3
Maximum area of longitudinal
2 reinforcement for column
: 21.6.3
Minimum longitudinal and transverse
3 reinforcement for wall
: 21.9.2.1
Minimum diameter of transverse ties : 7.10.5
4
Minimum spacing of transverse ties : 7.10.5
5
Maximum spacing of longitudinal and
6 transverse reinforcement for wall : 21.9.2.1
Applicability of boundary element : 21.9.6
7
Area and spacing of special confining
8 reinforcement : 21.6.4
Slenderness Moments : 10.10
9
Shear Strength provided by concrete for
10 : 11.2
column
11 Design of shear for non-ductile wall : 11.9
12 Design of shear for ductile wall : 21.9.4
13 Minimum Flexural Strength of Columns : 21.6.2.2
14 Shear Check at Column Joint : 21.7.4.1
15 Shear Strength of Column : 21.3.3 & 21.5.4
16 fs,perm : 10.6.4
17 fc,perm : 10.2.7.1
18 Wcr : Eq 4.2(a)

Sway Calculation (Stability Index)

For Global-X Direction
Level Load Story Gravity Relative Story Stability Sway
Combination Height Load P (kN) Displacements Shear (kN) Index (Q) Condition
Analysis (m) (mm)
B x C / (A
A B C D
x D)
0m to
26 1 11181.841 0.965 1025.038 0.011 Non Sway
1m
1m to
26 1 10044.417 1.216 1011.049 0.012 Non Sway
2m

For Global-Y Direction

Level Load Story Gravity Relative Story Stability Sway
Combination Height Load P (kN) Displacements Shear Index (Q) Condition
Analysis (m) (mm) (kN)
B x C / (A
A B C D
x D)
0m to
 1m 26 1 11181.841 0.278 307.511 0.01 Non Sway
1m to
26 1 10044.417 0.325 303.315 0.011 Non Sway
2m

General Data
Column No. : C1
Level : 0m To 1m
Design Code = ACI 318M - 2011
Grade Of Concrete (f'c) = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (fy) = Fy415 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = No
Column B = 500 mm
Column D = 500 mm
Clear Cover, Cc = 40 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 500 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 500 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 1

Load Data
Analysis Reference No. = 816
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 45
[41] : 0.68 (LOAD 3: DL) -0.3 (LOAD 1: EX) +
Load Combination =
(LOAD 2: EZ)
Critical Location = Top Joint
Put = -50.91 kN
Muxt = 3.27 kNm
Muyt = -13.05 kNm
Vuxt = -13.06 kN
Vuyt = -3.27 kN
Pub = -46.91 kN
Muxb = 0 kNm
Muyb = 0 kNm
Vuxb = -13.06 kN
Vuyb = -3.27 kN

Effective Length Calculation

Calculation Along Major Axis Of Column
Joint Column Beam Sizes Beam Stiffness ψ
Stiffness Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 1 Beam 2
(Length x (Length x
Width x Width x
Depth) Depth)
N-M mm mm N-M N-M
 Bottom 477.352 No Beam No Beam - - 1
2600 x 300 x
Top 477.352 No Beam 110.158 - 8.663
500
Sway Condition (as per Stability
= Non Sway
Index)
Effective Length Factor along Major
= 0.87
Axis

Calculation Along Minor Axis Of Column

Joint Column Beam Sizes Beam Stiffness ψ
Stiffness Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 1 Beam 2
(Length x (Length x
Width x Width x
Depth) Depth)
N-M mm mm N-M N-M
Bottom 477.352 No Beam No Beam - - 1
2010 x 300 x
Top 477.352 No Beam 142.493 - 6.699
500
Sway Condition (as per Stability
= Non Sway
Index)
Effective Length Factor along Minor
= 0.87
axis

Check For Stability Index

Along D
Q = 0.011
0.011< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)

Along B
Q = 0.01
0.01< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)

Calculation of Design Moment

Direction Manalysis Msldr or Mc Mdesign-final
A B C
Major Axis Mux (top) 3.27 - 3.27
Major Axis Mux (bottom) 0 - 0
Minor Axis Muy (top) -13.05 - -13.05
Minor Axis Muy (bottom) 0 - 0

Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))

Final Critical Design Forces

Critical Case - Axial Load & BiAxial Bending
Pu = -50.91 kN
Mux = 3.27 kNm
Muy = -13.05 kNm

Φ Pn, Max Check

Critical Analysis Load Combination = 31
[27] : 1.42 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.5
Load Combination = (LOAD 4: LL) -0.3 (LOAD 1: EX) -
(LOAD 2: EZ)
Critical Location = Bottom Joint kN
Pu = 643.26 kN
Mux = 0 kNm
Muy = 0 kNm
Pt Calculated = 1.01
φ Pn, Max = 2839.54 kN
Pu < φ Pn, Max Hence, OK

Minimum Ast Calculation

Critical Analysis Load Combination = 31
[27] : 1.42 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.5
Load Combination = (LOAD 4: LL) -0.3 (LOAD 1: EX) -
(LOAD 2: EZ)
Pu = 643.26 kN
φ Pn = 643.26 kN
Pt min for φ Pn = 0.5 %
Pt min (User Defined) = 1 %
Final Pt = 1 %

Resultant Moment (Combined Action)

Moment Capacity Check
Pt Calculated = 1.01
Reinforcement Provided = 8-#20
Load Angle = Tan-1(Muy/Mux)
= 75.93 deg
MRes = 13.46 kNm
( φ ) MCap = 191.78 kNm
Capacity Ratio = MRes/ MCap
= 0.07 < 1

Design Of Shear
Design for shear along D
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 32
[28] : 1.12 (LOAD 3: DL) +(LOAD 1:
Critical Load Combination = kN
EX) +0.3 (LOAD 2: EZ)
Nu = 7.04 kN
Muy = 5.86 kNm
Vuy = 5.8625 kN
λ = 1
φ = 0.75
deff = 450 mm
ρw (50% of As provided) = 0.011
Mm = 4.5 kNm
φVcy = 142.53 kN
Vuy < φVcy
Link For Shear Design Along D are not required

Design for shear along B

Critical Analysis Load Combination : 32
[28] : 1.12 (LOAD 3: DL) +(LOAD 1:
Critical Load Combination = kN
EX) +0.3 (LOAD 2: EZ)
Nu = 7.04 kN
Mux = 2.47 kNm
Vux = 2.4685 kN
λ = 1
φ = 0.75
deff = 450 mm
ρw (50% of As provided) = 0.011
Mm = 1.1 kNm
φVcx = 155.97 kN
Vux < φVcx
Link For Shear Design Along B are not required

Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
Diameter of link = 10 mm
> Max. longitudinal bar dia / 4
= 5 mm
Criterion for spacing of normal
links
Min. Longitudinal Bar dia X 16 = 320 mm
48 x diameter of links = 480 mm
Provided spacing = 300 mm

Table For Links

Note: Ductile Design of Links is Applicable Only For Boundary Elements
Required Provided
Normal Design Shear Design Ductile Design Normal Zone Ductile Zone
Link Dia. 10 --- --- 10 ---
Spacing 300 --- --- 300 ---
General Data
Column No. : C1
Level : 1m To 2m
Design Code = ACI 318M - 2011
Grade Of Concrete (f'c) = C21 N/sqmm
Grade Of Steel (fy) = Fy415 N/sqmm
Consider Ductile = No
Column B = 500 mm
Column D = 500 mm
Clear Cover, Cc = 40 mm
Clear Floor Height @ lux = 1000 mm
Clear Floor Height @ luy = 1000 mm
No Of Floors = 1
No Of Columns In Group = 1

Load Data
Analysis Reference No. = 655
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 44
[40] : 0.68 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.3 (LOAD 1: EX) +
Load Combination =
(LOAD 2: EZ)
Critical Location = Bottom Joint
Put = -47.16 kN
Muxt = 12.58 kNm
Muyt = 54.12 kNm
Vuxt = -34.82 kN
Vuyt = 6.32 kN
Pub = -43.15 kN
Muxb = 18.9 kNm
Muyb = 88.93 kNm
Vuxb = -34.82 kN
Vuyb = 6.32 kN

Effective Length Calculation

Calculation Along Major Axis Of Column
Joint Column Beam Sizes Beam Stiffness ψ
Stiffness Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 1 Beam 2
(Length x (Length x
Width x Width x
Depth) Depth)
N-M mm mm N-M N-M
2600 x 300 x
Bottom 477.352 No Beam 110.158 - 8.663
500
Top 477.352 No Beam No Beam - - 1
Sway Condition (as per Stability
Index) = Non Sway
Effective Length Factor along Major
= 0.87
Axis

Calculation Along Minor Axis Of Column

Joint Column Beam Sizes Beam Stiffness ψ
Stiffness Beam 1 Beam 2 Beam 1 Beam 2
(Length x (Length x
Width x Width x
Depth) Depth)
N-M mm mm N-M N-M
2010 x 300 x
Bottom 477.352 No Beam 142.493 - 6.699
500
Top 477.352 No Beam No Beam - - 1
Sway Condition (as per Stability
= Non Sway
Index)
Effective Length Factor along Minor
= 0.87
axis

Check For Stability Index

Along D
Q = 0.012
0.012< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)

Along B
Q = 0.011
0.011< 0.05, Column shall be designed as non-sway frame
(Braced)

Calculation of Design Moment

Direction Manalysis Msldr or Mc Mdesign-final
A B C
Major Axis Mux (top) 12.58 - 12.58
Major Axis Mux (bottom) 18.9 - 18.9
Minor Axis Muy (top) 54.12 - 54.12
Minor Axis Muy (bottom) 88.93 - 88.93

Where
A = Moments from analysis
B = Moment due to slenderness effect
C = Final design Moment = Maximum of (Manalysis, Maximum of (Msldr or Mc))

Final Critical Design Forces

Critical Case - Axial Load & BiAxial Bending
Pu = -43.15 kN
Mux = 18.9 kNm
Muy = 88.93 kNm
Φ Pn, Max Check
Critical Analysis Load Combination = 31
[27] : 1.42 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.5
Load Combination = (LOAD 4: LL) -0.3 (LOAD 1: EX) -
(LOAD 2: EZ)
Critical Location = Bottom Joint kN
Pu = 519.73 kN
Mux = -15.45 kNm
Muy = -81.41 kNm
Pt Calculated = 1.01
φ Pn, Max = 2839.54 kN
Pu < φ Pn, Max Hence, OK

Minimum Ast Calculation

Critical Analysis Load Combination = 31
[27] : 1.42 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.5
Load Combination = (LOAD 4: LL) -0.3 (LOAD 1: EX) -
(LOAD 2: EZ)
Pu = 519.73 kN
φ Pn = 519.73 kN
Pt min for φ Pn = 0.5 %
Pt min (User Defined) = 1 %
Final Pt = 1 %

Resultant Moment (Combined Action)

Moment Capacity Check
Pt Calculated = 1.01
Reinforcement Provided = 8-#20
Load Angle = Tan-1(Muy/Mux)
= 78 deg
MRes = 90.92 kNm
( φ ) MCap = 192.55 kNm
Capacity Ratio = MRes/ MCap
= 0.472 < 1

Design Of Shear
Design for shear along D
Critical Analysis Load Combination : 40
[36] : 0.68 (LOAD 3: DL) +(LOAD 1:
Critical Load Combination = kN
EX) +0.3 (LOAD 2: EZ)
Nu = 4.29 kN
Muy = 70.71 kNm
Vuy = 26.1418 kN
λ = 1
φ = 0.75
deff = 450 mm
ρw (50% of As provided) = 0.011
Mm = 69.88 kNm
φVcy = 129.12 kN
Vuy < φVcy
Link For Shear Design Along D are not required

Design for shear along B

Critical Analysis Load Combination : 36
[32] : 1.12 (LOAD 3: DL) +0.3
Critical Load Combination = kN
(LOAD 1: EX) +(LOAD 2: EZ)
Nu = 51.67 kN
Mux = 90.46 kNm
Vux = -35.6509 kN
λ = 1
φ = 0.75
deff = 450 mm
ρw (50% of As provided) = 0.011
Mm = 80.45 kNm
φVcx = 130.12 kN
Vux < φVcx
Link For Shear Design Along B are not required

Design Of Links
Links in the zone where special confining links are not required
Normal Links
Diameter of link = 10 mm
> Max. longitudinal bar dia / 4
= 5 mm
Criterion for spacing of normal
links
Min. Longitudinal Bar dia X 16 = 320 mm
48 x diameter of links = 480 mm
Provided spacing = 300 mm

Table For Links

Note: Ductile Design of Links is Applicable Only For Boundary Elements
Required Provided
Normal Design Shear Design Ductile Design Normal Zone Ductile Zone
Link Dia. 10 --- --- 10 ---
Spacing 300 --- --- 300 ---