WHAT IS WINE? AND HOW IS IT MADE?

"Wine is an alcoholic beverage made with fermented grapes"

1. Grapes are grown in a vineyard.
2. Once the grapes are ripe they can be picked from the vines (this only
happens once a year).
3. The grapes get put in a tub where they are crushed and destemmed.
4. In the tube, the fermentation process starts.
5. In this process, the alcohol is produced.
6. When the fermentation process is completed the substance is pressed
to filter out all the remaining skin and seeds.
7. Then the wine is put into barrels or tanks and the ageing process
starts.
8. Now it's time to blend the wine. This is done to get a perfectly
balanced wine, it can be either by blending different barrels or even
different grapes.
9. Finally, the wines get bottles and labelled, ready to get sold.
WINE MAKING PROCESS
CATEGORIES OF WINE Wine gets its colour from the grape skins. Red and rosé wines are
made from black-skinned grapes, where the skins are kept in
contact with the juice during winemaking. White wine can be
made from black-skinned grapes by removing the skin before
fermentation, as seen in Champagne. Although most white wines
are made from white-skinned grapes.

To make white wine, the grape skins are immediately removed

after crushing, and the clear juice undergoes fermentation. This is
the common process for making white wine.

For red wine, the crushed grapes and skins are fermented
together to extract colour and tannin. The winemaker can control
the amount of colour and tannin extracted during fermentation.
STILL WINES SPARKLING WINES
Red wine Prosecco
Rosé wines also use black grape skins for colour but are paler and
White wine Champagne
usually lack tannins. They are made by briefly soaking crushed
Rose wine Cava
grapes to achieve a pink shade from the skin's colour.
WINE AND FOOD
PAIRING
To ensure a successful wine and food pairing,
it's important to understand the type of food
you're serving and which wines go well with it.
Here are some basic guidelines to keep in mind:
Red wine goes well with red meat
White wine goes well with white meat (fish or
chicken)
Sweet wines go great with sweet food
WINE GLASSES
The most important aspect that all wine glasses
share is the stem. A wine glass is designed so the
glass can be held by the stem and not the bowl.

Holding the wine by the base of the bowl can

change the temperature of the wine and impact
the taste even before you have a chance to drink
it. This also explains why it is important to serve
wine by the stem and not by the bottom of the
bowl.
SERVING TEMPERATURE

A fridge is between 0-4 degrees

Room temperature is between 20-22 degrees
The temperature outside between 26-30 degrees
WINE TASTE PALATE
Acidic - Wines that have a sharper and more crisp taste will have
higher levels of acidity.
Balanced - When a wine is referred to as balanced it means that the
flavour profiles of the wine—sweet, fruit, alcohol—are evenly present.
Body - Wines are generally classified as light, medium, or full-bodied.
It refers to the mouthfeel and the presence of alcohol in the wine
which gives it weight.
Buttery - Wine with a rich mouthfeel that is creamy, many oak-aged
chardonnays will be described as buttery.
Dry - Wine that consists of very little to no sugars.
Full - Refers to a wine with a heavy body.
Oaky - The presence of oak in a wine that is aged. Oaky flavours can
be dry and woody, but can also be sweet like vanilla.
Round -A medium-bodied wine that has a lower presence of tannins.
Sweet - Wine can come in various levels of sweetness and it all
depends on how the wine was made. The sweeter the wine the more
sugar.
Tannic - Wine with a high level of tannins, which causes sensations of
dryness and puckering.
DIFFERENT REGIONS AROUND THE WORLD
ARE KNOWN FOR PRODUCING WINES WITH
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS.
WINE REGIONS
Every wine region is unique because of its terroir, which includes factors like the
environment, soil type, land characteristics, and winemaking traditions. The region where
wine is produced has a direct impact on its taste. Factors such as:
Temperature: Warmer regions make bold and fruity wines, while cooler regions produce
wines with higher acidity and refreshing flavours.
Climate: Factors like rainfall, humidity, wind, frost, hail, and sunlight affect how the wine
develops. It's important to have the right balance of sun and rain, as too much can be
harmful.
Soil Composition: Different soils provide different nutrients to the grapes, giving the wine
its unique taste. Sandy soils make drier wines, while clay-based soils create bolder
flavours.
Topography: The slope, altitude, and physical features of the land impact the wine. Steep
slopes provide good drainage and sunlight, while higher altitudes add elegance.
Coastal regions: The ocean's influence adds a touch of saltiness and minerality to the
wine. The cool climate near the coast contributes to higher acidity, resulting in a crisp and
refreshing taste. Coastal wines may also exhibit herbal and floral notes, and they often
have a fresh and vibrant character.