KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

DHARMAPURI

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

ON
DETERMINATION OF IONS PRESENT IN THE
TOOTHPASTE

NAME: S.KAVISHREE
CLASS: 12TH A
ROLL NO: 12A07

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Ms. Kavishree.S of class
12th A done the chemistry on the
DETERMINATION OF IONS PRESENT IN
THE TOOTHPASTE for partial fulfillment of
AISSCE – 2024.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deep and sincere

gratitude to my chemistry teacher Mrs. Agalaya
Mam, Kendriya Vidyalaya Dhamapuri, for
allowing me to do this project and providing
valuable guidance for this project. Her
dynamism, vision, sincerity, and motivation
have deeply inspired me
 CONTENT

SL
Page no.
NO. Topics
1 Acknowledgment 3
2 Objective 5
3 Introduction 6
4 Aim 7
5 Requirements 8
6 Theory 8
7 Tests for different 10
samples
8 conclusion 21
9 Precautions 22
10 Bibliography 23

OBJECTIVE
The goal of the project is to determine the
quality of the toothpaste by detecting the
ions present in the toothpaste by qualitative
analysis.

INTRODUCTION
There's a wide variety of kinds of toothpaste and
related
products available today in the market for oral
hygiene. However, for the common man,
differentiation based on quality is really
difficult with all the fancy advertisements and
offers. A toothpaste contains a mildly abrasive
a substance such as calcium carbonate and a
detergent or soap, some sweetening agent other
then sugar and flavoring oils to make it pleasant
to taste and smell. Some toothpastes contain
fluorides which make the enamel surface of the
tooth more resistant to bacterial activity and act
against microorganisms as a metabolic poison.
Generally, any standard toothpaste contains
Calcium carbonate, sodium mono fluoro
phosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate, zinc sulfate,
aluminum, some flavoring oils are
also added. This project deals with the
detection of various ions in toothpaste that
determine its quality, and thus, a comparison
between the prominent toothpaste brands.

Aim

Determination of ions present in the

toothpaste.
 REQUIREMENTS

Toothpaste(s): Colgate, Close-UP.

Chemicals: Hydrochloric acid, dilute Sulphuric
acid, concentrated Sulphuric acid, Barium
chloride, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium
hydroxide, Ammonium carbonate, Acetic acid,
Nitric acid, Silver nitrate, Calcium chloride,
Potassium Ferro cyanide, H2S gas.
Types of equipment: Test tubes, Beakers, Flasks,
flame,
spatula etc.

THEORY

In qualitative analysis, the given compound is

analyzed for the radicals, that is, cations and
anions that it contains. The common procedure
of testing on unknown salt is to make its
solution and then test this solution for the ions
present in it. Then Preliminary tests such as
color, odor, dry heating, flame test, etc. are
performed. These tests are common for all
samples under salt analysis. Further, there are
separate procedures for detecting cations and
anions.

IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL

(ANION)
After the preliminary tests are over, to
identify the anion, three indicatory tests are
carried out. They can be divided into three
categories each with a separate group reagent.
Therefore, anion may be identified by
performing the following tests in the order
given.
Dilute H2SO4 test Concentrated H2SO4 test
Independent Group (SO4 2-, PO4 3-) After an
anion is indicated, confirmatory tests are carried
out, corresponding to the anion.

IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICALS

(CATION)

To identify the cations, we have been using the

flame test (a preliminary test) for indication.
Whichever cation is indicated, it is confirmed
based on corresponding tests.
 TESTS FOR DIFFERENT
SAMPLES

Test on Colgate:
S.NO EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 Preliminary
tests
color white
Odor Minty smell
(of Colgate)
Dry heating Colourless, CO3 2- May
be present
odorless gas
Flame test Reddish flame Ca 2+ May be
present
2 Dilute H2SO4 Colourless , CO3 2- May
test- add some odouless gas. be present
drops of dilute
H2SO4 to the
sample
3 Confirmatory
test
To the sample A white precipitate CO3 2-
add MgSO4 confirmed
solution.
Take an Brisk effervescence CO3 2-
original confirmed
solution and
dilute.HCl
4 Conc. H2SO4 No change Conc. H2SO4
test – add group absent
some drops of
conc. H2SO4 in
the sample.
5 Independent
test
*for SO4 2-
Add BaCl2 White precipitate SO4 2-
solution to the confirmed.
sample.
Add lead White precipitate SO4 2-
acetate confirmed.
solution to the
sample
 *for PO4 3-
Add conc. Deep yellow PO4 3-
HNO3 to the coloration. confirmed.
original
solution and
boil. Add
ammonium
Molybdate
solution in
excess and
again boil.

Cations :
S.NO Experiment Observation Inference

6 Group-0 No change Group-0

Add NaOH to is absent
the sample
and heat it.
7 Group-1 No change Group-1
Add dilute HCl Is absent
to the sample
8 Group-II No change Group-II
 To the above is absent
test tube add
H2S
9 Group-III No change Group-III
Add NH4OH is absent
and NH4Cl to
the sample
10 Group-IV No change Group-IV
To the above is absent
test tube add
H2S
11 Group-v Group-v is
present
To the sample A white precipitate
add NH4OH
and (NH4)2C
O3 solution
Dissolve the
precipitate in
CH3COOH and
divide the
solution into 3
parts.
I To the first No change Ba2+ absent
part add
K2CrO4
 solution
II To the second No change Sr2+ absent
part add
(NH4)2SO4
III To the third Ca2+
part add confirmed
A white precipitate
(NH4)2C2O4
13 Group-VI Mg2+
Take the confirmed.
A white precipitate
filtrate
of the above
step and
add a few
drops of
ammonium
oxalate
solution,
boil, filter.
Take
the
precipitate,
boil and add
NH4OH and
NH4Cl in
excess.
Add
(NH4)2HPO4
and rub with a
 glass rod.

Ions present: Mg2+ , PO4 3- , Ca2+ , CO3 2-

Test on close-up:

S.NO Experiment Observation Inference

1 Preliminary test
Color Red
Odor Close up smell
Dry heating Suffocating smell SO3 2- may be
present
Flame test Reddish flame Maybe Ca2+
2 Dilute H2SO4 A colorless, SO3 2+ may be
test- pungent smell, present
turned acidified
To the sample
K2Cr2O7 Solution
add
green.
dilute.H2SO4
Confirmatory
test
3 To the original White precipitate SO3 2-
solution add confirmed
BaCl2 solution
To the Pink color SO3 2-
precipitate from discharge. confirmed
the above step
add KMnO4
solution.
4 Conc. H2SO4 No change Conc. H2SO4
Test- to the group absent.
sample add
conc. H2SO4
solution.

Cations:
S.NO Experiment Observation Inference

5 Group-0 No change Group-0 is

To the absent
sample add
NaOH and
heat
6 Group-1 No change Group-1 is
To the absent
 sample add
dilute HCl
7 Group-II No change
To the above
test tube add
H2S
8 Group-III A brown Group-III
To the precipitate Is present
sample add
NH4Cl, boil,
cool it, and
add NH4OH
in excess.
Dissolve the Russian Fe3+
precipitate blue color confirmed
in dilute HCl
and add
potassium
Ferro
cyanide.
9 Group-IV No change Group-IV
To the is absent
filtrate of
group-III add
some H2S
solution.
10 Group-V A white Group-V
To the precipitate is present
sample add
 NH4OH and
(NH4)2CO3
solution.
Dissolved
CH3COOH
and divide
into three
parts
I) To the first No change Ba2+
part add absent
2CrO4
solution
II) To the No change Sr2+
second part absent
add the
K2CrO4
solution
III) To the third A white Ca2+
part add precipitate present
(NH4)2C2O4
and NH4OH.
11 Group-VI No change Mg2+
Take the absent
filtrate of the
above step
and add a
few drops of
ammonium
oxalate
solution,
boiled, and
filter.
Take the
precipitate
boil it, and
add NH4OH
and NH4Cl in
excess. Add
(NH4)2HPO4
and rub with
a glass rod.

Ions present:– SO3 2- , Fe 3+ , Ca 2+

CONCLUSION
we see that Colgate is the best of all
kinds of toothpaste as it contains a
majority
of the essential constituents (anions
and cations) of toothpaste.

PRECAUTIONS

1. Handle the chemicals carefully.

 2. Use a test tube holder to hold the
test
tube.
3. Never add water to the conc. acids
4. Never touch any chemical with your
hands
directly.
5. Use a dropper for concentrated
Acids.
6. Don't smell the vapors from too
close.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 www.google.co.in
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.diffen.com
 www.fitday.com
 www.slideshare.net