(V) DESIGN OF STAIR CASE GUDIVADA

(I) DESIGN OF DOG-LEGGED STAIR CASE outside THE SUMP

Total height of the stair case 22.5 m (Top of slb-GL) Grade of concrete
No. of flights 7 Grade of steel
No. of landings 7 Unit wt. of concrete
Height of top two flights individually 1.7 m
Height of bottom flight 17.4 m
Thickness of landing slab 150 mm 0.15
Length of landing 1200 mm
Width of landing 1200 mm

4.5
Thickness of the waist slab 150 mm No. of risers

Total width of the staircase 2500 mm

Riser, R 150 mm Tread, T 300 mm 8

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Cover to the reinforcement 45 mm

Therefore, Length of each flight 4.5 m 2500 0.9

Assuming it to be a simply supported slab,

4.5 (Inclined length)

Load Calculation
Wt. w' on slope = 4.5 kN/m
Wt. w₁ per horizontal m run = 5.031 kN/m
Wt. of each step = 0.675 kN/m
Wt. w₂ of steps per horizontal meter run 2.25 kN/m
Total dead wt. per m run = 7.281 kN/m

Live load = 1.5 kN/m²

= 1.8 kN/m

Hence, total load w, per horizontal m run 9.081 kN/m

Moment & Shear force calculations

Max. moment obtained = 22.986 kN-m
Max. shear obtained = 20.432 kN
Eff. depth required, √[M/Qb] = 47.9 mm
Eff. depth provided = 99 mm OK

Main R/F
Area of steel required, Ast = M/(σst j d) = 2075.1 mm²
Min. area of steel = 525 mm²
Dia of main reinforcement = 12 mm
Area of single bar, Ab = 113.1 mm²
Spacing of the bars required = 54.5 mm
Say 125 mm 2010
Percentage of steel, Pt = 0.914 %
 Distribution R/F
Dia of main reinforcement = 10 mm
Area of single bar, Ab = 78.5 mm²
Spacing of the bars required = 149.5 mm
Say 125 mm

Check for Shear

Max. shear force obtained, V = 20.432 kN
Shear stress obtained, τv = 0.206 N/mm²
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.396 N/mm²
Value for k = 1.25
Permissible shear stress, kτc = 0.495 N/mm²
Hence, no shear reinforcement is required.

(II) DESIGN OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM, SB₂(mid landing beam)

Simply Supported beam dimensions Width 0.3 m

Depth 0.425 m 0.275
Length 2.5 m

Load on beam, udl, due to the stair case = 9.081 kN/m

Max. moment, wL²/8 = 7.095 kN-m

Max. shear force, wL/2 = 11.351 kN
Cover to the reinforcement = 45 mm
Eff. Depth required = 39.7 mm
Eff. Depth provided = 372 mm OK

Reinforcement details
Area of steel required, Ast = M/(σst j d) = 170.5 mm²
Min. area of steel = 446.3 mm²
Dia of main reinforcement = 16 mm
Area of single bar, Ab = 201.1 mm²
No. of bars required = 2.22
Say 3
Percentage of steel, Pt = 0.473 %
Provide main steel of 16mm dia bars of 3 no.s.

Check for shear

Max. shear obtained = 11.351 kN
Shear stress, τv = V/bd = 0.102 N/mm²
Permissible stress, τv = 0.303 N/mm²
(For Pt = 0.473%) OK

Provide 2L - 10 mm φ, Vertical Stirrups

Area of shear reinforcement, Asv = 157.08 mm²
Spacing required = 0.87 fy Asv / (0.4 b) = 148 mm = σst Asv d / Vus
Min. shear spacing 1) 300 mm
2) 0.75 d = 270 mm
Provide 2L-10mm dia stirrups at 140mm spacing.
Check for deflection
Shorter span (Lx) Longer span (Ly)
(L/d) actual 25.253 26.667
(L/d) max. = [ (L/d) basic x Kt ]
(L/d) basic 20 20
(Simply Supported) (Simply Supported)
f = 0.58 fy (Ast req./Ast pro.)
299.393 193.851 N/mm²
Kt 1 1.38
(wrt f & Pt = 0.914%)
(From IS-456:2000, Fig.4, Fig.5 & Fig.6)
(L/d) max. 20 27.6
Not Okay Okay

Check for shear Lx Ly

Load coefficients r⁴/(1+r⁴) 1/(1+r⁴)
0.902 0.098
Shear force, V = Coeff.*(wL) 11.929 2.254 kN
Shear stress, τv = V/bd 0.08 N/mm²
Value of k 1.2
Permissible shear stress, kτc 0.380 N/mm²
(wrt f & Pt = 0.914%)
Okay
(IV) 'DESIGN OF ROOF BEAM, B₂'

Simply Supported beam dimensions Width 0.3 m

Depth 0.425 m 0.275
Length 3.95 m

Load on beam, udl, due to slab = 0 kN/m

Load on beam, udl, due to live load on slab = 0 kN/m
Total load on the beam due to self weight = 3.1875 kN/m
Max. moment, wL²/8 = 6.217 kN-m
Max. shear force, wL/2 = 6.295 kN
Cover to the reinforcement = 45 mm
Eff. Depth required = 34.7 mm
Eff. Depth provided = 372 mm OK

Reinforcement details
Area of steel required, Ast = M/(σst j d) = 80.4 mm²
Min. area of steel = 446.3 mm²
Dia of main reinforcement = 16 mm
Area of single bar, Ab = 201.1 mm²
No. of bars required = 2.22
Say 3
Percentage of steel, Pt = 0.473 %
Provide main steel of 16mm dia bars of 3 no.s.

Check for shear

Max. shear obtained = 6.295 kN
Shear stress, τv = V/bd = 0.056 N/mm²
Permissible stress, τv = 0.303 N/mm²
(For Pt = 0.473%) OK

Provide 2L - 10 mm φ, Vertical Stirrups

Area of shear reinforcement, Asv = 157.08 mm²
Spacing required = 0.87 fy Asv / (0.4 b) = 569.4 mm
Min. shear spacing = 300 mm
= 0.75 d = 270 mm
Provide 2L-10mm dia stirrups at 200mm spacing.
 (V) 'DESIGN OF COLUMN, C₂'

Design constants
Grade of concrete M 30
Grade of steel Fe 500
Compressive stress in columns subjected to direct load σsc = 190 N/mm²
σcbc
Column Width 0.45 m σst
Depth 0.45 m m
Unsupported length of the column (x-axis) 2.075 m k
Clear cover provided 45 mm j
Cross Sectional Area of the Column 202500 mm² Q
Design axial load (Factored) 123.522 kN
Self wt. of the column 10.505 kN

Check Slenderness ratio

Effective length of column = 1.0 Leff (Both ends hinged)
Slenderness ratio = 4.611 < 12
Hence, it is a 'Short Column' .

Main Column reinforcement

P = σsc Asc + σcc (Ac - Asc)
Direct permissible stress in compression, σcc 8 N/mm²
134.027 * 10^3 = 190*Asc + 8*(202500 - Asc)
Asc = -8222.41 mm²

Required area of concrete for permissible direct stress, As 16753.4 mm²

Min reinforcement required for 0.8% (As) 1620 mm²
Dia of the main reinforcement bar 16 mm
No. of bars required 12 No.s
Area of steel provided 2412.743 mm²
Provide 16mm dia bars of 12 no.s as main reinforcement.

Lateral Ties
Dia of the bar 10 mm
Pitch of the ties 250 mm
Provide lateral ties of 10mm dia bars at 250mm c/c spacing.
(VI) DESIGN OF FOUNDATION SLAB, S₃
DESIGN OF COLUMN FOOTING
Thickness of foundation slab = 450 mm
Depth of footing below ground level = 1.50 m
Safe bearing capacity = 8 t/m²
Max. allowable bearing capacity = 75 kN/m²
Footing projection on from face of column width 0.78 m (Assumed)
Thickness = 0.45 m
Footing projection on from face of column depth 1.35 m (Assumed)
Thickness = 0.45 m
Width of column = 0.3 m
Depth of column = 2.075 m
Total width of footing = 1.85 m
Total length of footing = 3.00 m
Cover to the reinforcement = 45 mm
 Load and moments in the footing
(a) Load due to stair case & self weight of column = 134.027 kN

Load on column at interior Spans = 134.027 kN

(1) Load on column = 134.027 kN

(2) Self wt. of foundation = 62.4375 kN

Base pressure Calculation

Total load = 196.4645 kN D

Base Area = 5.55 m²
Base Pressure, P/A = 35.399 kN/m²
Max. projection length from face of column
= 1.35 m W

Design of footing
Moment obtained = 13.292 kN-m
Minimum thickness required = 199.7 mm
√(6M/fB) OK
Effective depth provided = 399 mm

Reinforcement details
Area of steel required, Ast = 297.7 mm²
Min. area of steel required = 787.5 mm²
Dia of main reinforcement = 12 mm
Area of single bar = 113.1 mm²
Spacing required = 143.6 mm
Spacing provided = 125 mm

Provide 12mm dia bars of 125 mm span c/c as main reinforcement.

Check for shear

Pressure to be considered, V = 47.789 kN
Shear stress, τv = V/bd = 0.12 N/mm²
Percentage of steel provided = 0.227 %
Permissible shear stress, τc = 0.221 N/mm²
(For Pt = 0.227%) OK