Synopsis Report

Manufacturing of Soap from Used Cooking Oil

SUBMITTED BY: PRAVEEN KOMATH 1836009

EMAIL: praveen.kumar@dxb.manipal.edu
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF: Dr VANDANA SAKHRE
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANIPAL

UNIVERSITY DUBAI ACADEMIC CITY
P.O.BOX:345050, UAE MARCH 2023

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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Saponification alternative techniques
3. Topics
4. Problem definition
5. Need for the project
6. Methodology
7. Work to be done
8. Conclusion
9. Reference

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Introduction
Used cooking oil contains sunflower oil, palm oil, coconut oil, and soya
oil. Vegetable oil contains triacylglycerol, polar lipids, and free fatty
acids. The metals found in soap are Sodium, Potassium, Aluminum,
Zinc, Calcium; these have different applications like cleaning of wounds,
lubricant in machinery. Saponification is the process of formation of
soap from triacylglycerol. During this process glycerol is a byproduct.
Waste cooking oil generated by restaurants, fast food outlets, and food
processing industries every day and everywhere around the world. The
abandoned waste cooking oil caused water pollution and land pollution
and it is difficult to degrade.so we cannot put the used oil to open
environment. Land, and water sources how it can we recycled is
question for everyone who is using oil. Due to high toxic content
government are not allowed to reuse in cooking process. Here I create
an old technique to recycle the oil to soap and other lubricants and
biodiesel as I mentioned earlier our primary focus on manufacturing of
soap from used oil. Transforming used cooking oil to soap very
innovative and waste reduction and resource utilization. Soap
manufacturing has not only played a significant role in personal hygiene
and cleanliness but has also found applications in various industries,
including healthcare, beauty, and household cleaning. The main
ingredients in soap production are fats or oils, such as coconut oil, palm
oil, or olive oil. These oils contain triglycerides, which are composed of
fatty acids. Other ingredients may include water, fragrance, colorants,
and additives for specific properties. Soap manufacturing can be carried
out using either a batch process or a continuous process. In the batch
process, specific amounts of fats or oils are mixed with the alkali and
heated, followed by a curing period to allow the soap to harden. In the
continuous process, fats or oils are continuously fed into the reaction.
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Saponification alternatives
1)Purified cooking oil treated with
KOH to carry out saponification
process

fig 1 reaction of KOH and oil

Soap manufacturing using potassium
hydroxide (KOH) is commonly known
as the cold-process or soft soap
method. This process is typically used
to create liquid soaps or softer, more
pliable bar soaps. Depending upon the
quality of soap, it differs with
ingredient variation.
2)purified vegetable oil allows sodium
lauryl sulphate to form liquid soap to
react. Forming the liquid soap SLS
primarily does not undergo
saponification, but it goes additive to
increase dirt removing property of the
soap.

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Topics
The project's objective is to complete the saponification successfully,
collecting the byproduct from the food processing industry. store the
main product soap into the plastic mold at room temperature.

Problem definition
Locally purify the used cooking oil and create soap that can produce
momentous changes economically and environmentally. Caustic soda is
not particularly good for skin, it needs protective or safety precautions.
An important problem for production of soap is continuous filtration of
oil to get preferred quality of oil from the process.

Need for the project

Used cooking oil is garbage cannot dispose in drainage and water
source and soil it extremely hard to undergo reaction, it also reacts with
water and form solid structure that block the drainage.so it can be done
by specialized entity. Making recycled soap can be done industrially and
domestically. Innovative idea towards sustainability. High purified
cooking oil can be processed by established equipment in industries.
Used oil cannot be reused in the food industry primarily the oil most of
the industry convert to biodiesel by transesterification reaction.

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Methodology
Storage of collected used cooking oil from the food processing industry.

Fig 2 flow diagram of soap production process

Filtration
It is the process of removing food particles from the oil with v60 filter
paper.by carryout the this process the filter paper can remove dirt how
much and it will be removed by this process. Before filtration, it is
beneficial to allow the vegetable oil to settle for a while. This settling
period allows any larger particles or sediments to sink to the bottom of
the container. This step helps to reduce the load on the filtration
system and improves its efficiency.

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Bleaching
It is the process of removing toxic compounds like PAHs (Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbon) and aldehyde which are highly carcinogenic in
nature. The activated charcoal is added to the oil that requires
bleaching. The amount of charcoal used depends on the oil type, the
degree of impurities, and the desired level of bleaching. The mixture is
thoroughly stirred or agitated to ensure proper contact between the oil
and charcoal. During this process, adsorption is activated charcoal is
added to the ration 20g per 250ml (about 8.45 oz) of oil solution and
heated at 60 degrees. Activated charcoal is a highly porous material
with a large surface area, which makes it effective in absorbing
impurities. Specific types of activated charcoal, such as those made
from coconut shells or wood, are often chosen based on their
adsorption properties and suitability for the oil being processed.

Saponification
It is the process of reaction with lye. For this process 1:0.33 ratio of lye
and oil is added to the mixture to carry out the reaction. Its exothermic
reaction takes place during the process. The reaction of this process is
given in fig 3. It is kept outside to settle down and stirred well in the
process. During saponification, the triglycerides in the fats or oils are
hydrolyzed, resulting in the formation of soap molecules (fatty acid
salts) and glycerol. Saponification is a type of chemical reaction in
which ester molecules are broken to create a functional group of
carboxylic acid and alcohol. A collection of molecules or atoms that we

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can readily recognize in a compound is a functional group. To produce
soap goods, this reaction is most widely used.

Fig 3 reaction of fat and lye

Stirring and heating

Themixture is continuously stirred or agitated to facilitate the
saponification reaction. The temperature may be maintained or
adjusted based on the specific recipe and desired properties of the
soap being produced.

Molding
It is the process of forming the shape of soap and adding 5ml (about
0.17 oz) of rose water to the mixture before the molding process.to
smell good.

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Cutting
It is the process of removing the settled solid and cutting it in
preferable shape and removing the byproduct by the formation of
glycerol from the mold.

Work to be done
1. Test the Ph of the used cooking oil.
2. Analysis of soap ability to cleanse.

Conclusion
Cooking oil can be used to produce soap, from used cooking oil.
Moreover, the resulting soap can be customized with different
fragrances, colors, or additives to cater to specific preferences and
market demands. This versatility allows for the creation of unique and
specialized soap products.
The production of soap from used cooking oil helps reduce the reliance
on virgin oils and mitigates the environmental impact associated with
their extraction and processing.it increase the fruitful usage of
resources.
It helps to make soap from used cooking oil by ridiculously cheap
processing and produce. Can make better quality by process by adding
suitable ingredient. For the project coconut oil is used.

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Reference
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