ܵ ܵ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ

)‫ܟܬܒܐ ܕ ܸܠܫܢܝ(ܐܫܘܪܝܐ‬
The Book of my
Language (Assyrian)
ܵ ܵ
Book Two ‫ܟܬܒܐ ܬܪܝܢܐ‬
ܿ ܵ ܵ
̈ ܵ ܿ ܿ ̈ ܿ ܵ
For adults ‫ܬ‬ ܹ̈ ‫ܝܡܐ ܘܥܠܝܡ‬ܹ̈ ‫ܩܐ ܥܠ‬
Michael Alexan Younan ‫ܝܘ ܿܢܢ‬ ܿ ‫ܡܝ ܵܫ ܹ̈ܐܝܠ ܵܐ ܸܠ‬
ܿ ‫ܟܣܢ‬

1
 ̈‫ܚܒܝ ܵܫܬ‬
Contents ܹ̈
Page Lesson
ܵ
‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ‫ܿܦܐܬܐ‬
5: Notes ‫ܢܘ ܵܗ ܵܪܐ‬ :5
6: Preface in English . ‫ܢܓܠ ܵܣ ܵܝܐ‬ܸ ‫ܒܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܸܐ‬ ܸ ‫ ܥܘ ܵܬ ܵܕܐ‬:6
7: Preface in Assyrian . ‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܒܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܵܐ‬ ܸ ‫ ܥܘ ܵܬ ܵܕܐ‬:7
ܵ ‫ܦܝ ܹ̈ ̈ܢܐ‬
‫ܘܠܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܵܬ‬ܵ ‫ ܵܐ‬، 1 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :10
10: lesson 1 letters attached, others
not attached to the following letter. . ‫ܒܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ̄ܐ ܸܚ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܝ ܹ̈ ̈ܢܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܵܬ‬

12: lesson 2, letter ‫ܝ‬ at the end of

ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
‫ܩܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܓܘ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬، 2 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :12
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܢܣܐ ܸܢ‬ ܵ ‫ܒܪܐ ܵܩܐ ܸܓ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬ ܿ
the word for feminine singular,
second Person. . ‫ܬܪ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ‬ܿ ‫ܪܨܘܦܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܿܦ‬
13: lesson 3, Verb in imperative mood ‫ܩܘ ܵܕܐ ܵܩܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܠܬ ܵܙܢܐ ܵܦ‬ ܵ ‫ ܵܩܐ ܸܡ‬، 3 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :13
of verb Tense at the end of the
word for Feminine Singular. ‫ܵܓܘ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ‫(ܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܢ‬
(with letter YOUD ‫ܝ‬ ) .)‫ܒܪܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬ ܿ ‫ܩܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
ܵ
14: Lesson 4, order of writing the first ‫ܓܝ ܵܢܐ‬ܵ ‫ܕܗ‬ ܸ ‫ܕܟܬܒ ܵܬ‬ ܵ ‫ ܹ̈ܪ ̄ܐ ܵܙܐ‬، 4 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :14
syllable, with zoe-aa zqapa ‫ ܵܙ‬or ‫ܘܥܐ ܵܙܩ ܵܦܐ ܵܙ‬ ܵ ‫ܒܙ‬ ܵ ،‫ܠܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚܕܐ ܸܡ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܩ ̄ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ‬
zoe-aa ptakha ‫? ܿܙ‬ ‫ܦܬ ܵܚܐ ܿܙ ؟‬ ܵ ‫ܘܥܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܒܙ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܝܢ‬
16: lesson 5, letters at the end of the
word. )‫ ܟܟ‬، ‫ ܢܢ‬، ‫(ܡܡ‬ ، ‫ ܟܟ‬، ‫ ܢܢ‬، ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܡܡ‬
ܵ ‫ ܵܐ‬، 5 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬
ܵ :16
. ‫ܒܪܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
ܿ ‫ܩܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܓܘ‬

2
20: lesson 6, with words of 2 letters
without vowel sound, just a dot ݇ ‫ܒ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ ܿܕܠ‬
‫ܝܬܠܗܘܢ‬ ܵ ‫ ܿܚ‬، 6 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬
ܵ :20
ܿ ݇ ‫ܘܥܐ (ܐܝ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܙ‬
above or below the letter.
‫ܚܟܝ ܿܚ ݇ܕ‬̰ ‫ܬܠܗ ܿܘܢ ܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܫܡܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܪܘ‬
21: lesson 7, Mashliyana or Mtalqana . ‫ܸܛ ܵܦܐ‬
Mark above the letter. ‫ܪܛܐ‬ܵ ‫ܢܩܐ ݇ܦ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܸܣ‬
ܵ ‫ ܢܝ ܿܫ‬، 7 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :21
‫(ܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܫܠܝ ܵܬ ܿܝܢ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܥ ܸܠܠ ̣ܡܢ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬
26: lesson 8, letter Rkekhta (Roukakha) ܵ ‫ ܿܠ‬، ‫ܩܬ‬
)‫ܝܬܠ ̇ܗ ܵܩ ܵܠܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܛܠ‬ ܸ
‫ ܦ‬، ‫ ܟ݂ܟ‬، ‫ ܓ‬، ‫ܒ‬ ‫ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܪܟܝܟ ܵܬ‬8 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬
ܵ :26
‫ ܦ‬، ‫ ܟ݂ܟ‬، ‫ ܓ‬، ‫ܒ‬
30: lesson 9, Mark Majliyana.
‫̰ܓ‬ ܵ ‫ܢܩܐ ܿܡ ̰ܓ‬
‫ܠܝ ܵܢܐ‬ ܵ :30
ܵ ‫ ܢܝ ܿܫ‬، 9 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬
33: lesson 10, Personal Pronouns.
ܿ ‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈ ̈ܗܐ ܿܦ‬
‫̈ܪܨܘ ܵܦ ܹ̈ܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܠ‬ܵ ، 10 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ܵ :33
34: lesson 11, Person Possessive
Pronoun (ownership) ‫̈ܪܨܘ ܵܦ ܹ̈ܝ‬ܿ ‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈ ̈ܗܐ ܿܦ‬ܵ ‫ܚܠ‬ ܵ ، 11 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬
ܵ :34
36: lesson 12, Compound Personal )‫( ܿܩ ܵܢ ܹ̈ ̈ܝܐ ܿܝܢ ܵܡܪܘ ܵܬܐ‬
Pronouns (Possessive) ܿ ‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈ ̈ܗܐ ܿܦ‬
‫̈ܪܨܘ ܵܦ ܹ̈ܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܠ‬ ܵ ، 12 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :36
. ‫ܟܒܐ‬ ܿ
‫ܡ̈ܪ‬
ܹ̈
38: lesson 13, Relative Pronouns. ‫ܚܝ ܵܢ ܹ̈ ̈ܝܐ‬ܵ ‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈ ̈ܗܐ ݇ܐ‬ ܵ
ܵ ‫ ܚܠ‬، 13 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :38

39: Lesson 14, Plural Mark (for

‫"ܣܝ ܹ̈̈ܡܐ" ܵܩܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܢܩܐ‬ܵ ‫ ܢܝ ܿܫ‬، 14 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :39
Possessive, Ownership)
)‫(ܩ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܿܝܢ ܵܡܪܘ ܵܬܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܒܪܐ ܿܣܓܝ ܵܐ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܿܚ‬
40: Lesson 15, Personal Pronouns ܿ ‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈ ̈ܗܐ ܿܦ‬
‫̈ܪܨܘ ܵܦ ܹ̈ ̈ܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܠ‬ ܵ ، 15 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬
ܵ :40
(Apposition letters at the end of
The word or speech) ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬
. ‫ܒܪܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
ܿ ‫ܩܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܕܒܝ ܹ̈ ̈ܩܐ ܵܓܘ‬

3
 ܵ ‫ܪܥ ܵܦܐ ܸܡ‬
‫ܠܬ‬ ܵ ‫ ܣܘ‬، 16 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :41
41: Lesson 16, conjugation verb “BE”
)‫ ܵܦ ܸܐܫ‬،‫ ݇ܗ ܵܘܐ‬،‫ܗܘ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܐܝܬܘ ܵܬ ܵܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܝܬ ( ܸܠ‬
"‫ܠܬ "ܐܝܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܪܥ ܵܦܐ ܹ̈ܡ‬
ܵ ‫ ܣܘ‬، 17 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :44
"‫ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܪܟܝܟ ܵܬ "ܟܝ‬، 18 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :46
44: Lesson 17, conjugation verb “HAVE

46 : Lesson 18, letter « Khap » and ܵ ‫ܒܪܐ ܵܩܐ ܸܢ‬

. ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
ܿ ‫ܩܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܓܘ‬
letter « Youd » together at the
end of the word for Feminine.
ܵ ‫ܢܘ ܵܢܐ‬
‫ܟܠ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܵܩܐ‬ ܵ :47
ܿ ‫ ܵܩ‬، 19 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬
‫ܒܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬ܵ ‫ܪܝܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܫ‬ ܵ ‫ܠܬ ̣ܡܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܬܠ ݇ܬ ܵܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܡ‬
. ‫ܵܐ ܵܙܩ ܵܦܐ‬
47: Lesson 19, general rule for verbs
of 3 letters that start with letter
allap zqapa.

‫ܝܬ ܸܡ ݇ܐܡ ܹ̈̈ܪܐ‬

ܵ ‫ܩܪ‬
ܵ ‫ ܵܩܐ‬، 20 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :49
49: Lesson 20, reading sentences in . ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ܵ ‫ܦܫܝ ܹ̈ܛܐ ܵܩܐ ܸܢܩܒ ܵܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
Simple form for Feminine Singular.

‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ "ܬܝ " ܵܓܘ‬

ܵ ‫ ܵܐ‬، 21 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬
ܵ :51
‫ܬܪ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܒܪܐ ܵܩܐ ܿܦ‬
ܿ ‫ܪܨܘ ܵܦܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬
ܿ ‫ܩܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
ܵ
51: lesson 21, letter “Taaw” and letter
letter “Youd” together at the end . ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
of the word for Feminine Singular.
‫ܢܝܐ ܹ̈ܒܝܠ‬ܵ ‫ ܦܘܪܫܘ‬، 22 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ :53
ܵ ‫"ܘܡ ݇ܐ‬
" ‫ܡܪܐ‬ ܸ ‫ܒܪܐ‬ܵ ‫ܘܚ‬ܿ " ‫ܬܓ ܵܡܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܒܪܐ ܸ"ܦ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܚ‬
53: Lesson 22, difference between
word “Pitghjama” and “Meimra”.
ܵ ‫ܩܪ‬
‫ܝܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ‬ :54
54: for reading. ‫ ܫܘ ܵܠ ܵܡܐ‬:56
56: the end

4
 Notes ‫ܢܘ ܵܗ ܹ̈ܪܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܝܘܢ ܵܐ ܵܗܐ‬
، ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬ ܸ ‫ܿܡܩܪܘ ܹ̈ܒܐ‬
‫ܕܡܢ ܵܚܐ ܵܒܒܝ‬ ܵ ‫ܗܕ ܵܢܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܠܥܘ‬
‫ܝܘ ܿܢܢ‬
ܿ ‫ܟܣܢ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܐ ܸܠ‬
ܵ ‫ܠܦܘܬ ܚܘ ܹ̈ܒܗ ܿܘ‬
‫ܛܢ ܹ̈ܢܗ‬
ܿ ‫ܠܘܬ ܿܥ ܵܡܐ ܘ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܵܐ‬
. ‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ
I dedicate this book,
to my dear father the late
Alexan Younan, my mentor,
for his love and zealousness
to the Assyrian people and Language.

This book is not to be sold in any manner.

It is a free cultural service contributed by the
author to the Assyrian students.

The book can be downloaded for free at:

assyrianapp.com/books

All rights reserved. Duplication of this book

is allowed provided no changes or modifications
are made to its contents, and the rights of the author
are maintained and respected.

First edition 1989

Second edition revised 2022

5
 Preface
In Book ONE, students have learned the seven diacritical marks which
represent vowels value called in Assyrian language “ZOE-AA” and the
plural mark (siaameh). Book TWO, covers the most practical common
aspects of basic Assyrian grammar. The most important grammatical skills
is to identify or, use subject and verb. A complete sentence contains at
least one subject and one verb.
Book TWO is written for students who completed book ONE. Book ONE and TWO are not suitable
and are not intended for persons who do not have knowledge of reading and writing in English,
but rather are intended for students of High School, College and University (they are not written
as a Curriculum order from grade One to Six grade) Book TWO, is also written in a special way to
develop student’s skills from beginning course to intermediate. I also used “colloquial” words,
phrases, sentences and expressions through formal and basic structure of the grammar in short
sentences. Book TWO is also written for non-Assyrian students, and, in order to make the book
widely accessible, the contents are written in both Assyrian and English language. I also used
phonetic transliterations to facilitate the pronunciation. I made every effort to provide accurate
translation and transliterations of the corresponding words and sentences of both Assyrian and
English language.
The book contains the following lessons: Letters at the end of the word, mark of silent letter
(without vowel sound, letter shleeta), mark of letter Rkikhta (Roukakha), mark Majliyana,
Personal Pronouns and conjugation of verb.

I used the Eastern Assyrian spelling called Swadaya (from the word Souwada)
meaning: conversational/colloquial, also known as ‘Madenkhaya script with
transliteration’ .

Michael Alexan Younan

September, 2022

I would like also to express my gratitude to my wife Mary Younan for her cooperation and
encouragement to complete Book ONE and this Book TWO. She also helped me in composing
some specific words and sentences that are relevant to our Assyrian culture. I hold out hope to
write Book THREE and FOUR. I also recommend that students downloads and print book ONE and
book TWO and bind each book. It is more easy and practical to use and also to print more copies.

6
 ‫‪Preface‬‬ ‫ܥܘ ܵܬ ܵܕܐ‬
‫ܢܩܐ‬‫ܘܥܐ ܿܥܡ ܢܝ ܿܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܦܠܗ ܿܘܢ ܵܐܢܝ ܿܫܒ ܵܥܐ ܵܙ ̈‬ ‫ܝܠ ݇‬ ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ ‪ܵ ،‬ܝ ܿ ̈‬ ‫ܵܓܘ ܵ‬
‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܠܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ ܸ‬
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܕܐ ܵܗܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܢܩܐ ܿܣܓܝ ܵܐ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ) ‪ܵ .‬ܓܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܣܝ ܹ̈̈ܡܐ (ܢܝ ܿܫ ܵ‬
‫ܝܠܗ‬ ‫ܚܒ ܵܫܐ ܹ̈‬ ‫ܬܪ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ ‪ܸ ،‬ܒ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܡܡܛܝܩܝ)‬ ‫(ܓܪ ܵ‬ ‫ܡܠܠܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܿܕܬܘ ܵܪܨ‪ܿ -‬ܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܿܘܦ ܵܪܩܬܝ ܵܩ ܵ‬ ‫ܪܫ ܵܢ ܵ‬ ‫ܥܬ ܸܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܕ ܵ‬
‫ܿ‬ ‫ܸ‬
‫ܡܪܐ ܐܝܬ ܹ̈ܠܗ‬ ‫݇‬
‫ܡܪܐ ܓܡܝ ܵܪܐ ‪ܸ :‬ܡܐ ܵ‬ ‫݇‬
‫ܕܚ ݇ܕ ܸܡܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܘܡܦܠܚܬ ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ‪ܵ .‬ܩܐ ܝܕܥܬ ܿ‬ ‫ܵܐ ܿ‬
‫ܸ‬
‫ܝܟ ܵܢܝܘ ܵܬܐ)‬ ‫ܠܬ ܿܘ ܵܙܢܐ ܵܥܒ ܿܘ ܵܕܐ ܿ(ܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܡܗ ܵܢܐ ‪ܸ .‬ܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܵ‬ ‫ܠܬ ܘ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܡ ܿ‬
‫ܸ‬ ‫ܚܕܐ ܸܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫‪(one subject and one verb).‬‬
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܦܠܗ ܿܘܢ ܵ‬ ‫ܠܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܦܐ ܵܐܢܝ ݇ܕܝ ܸܠ ݇‬ ‫ܝܠܗ ܵܩܐ ܵܝ ܿ‬ ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܹ̈‬ ‫ܵܐ ܵܗܐ ܵ‬
‫ܝܬܠܗ ܿܘܢ ܝܕ ܵ‬ ‫݇‬ ‫̈ܪܨܘܦܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܝܢܐ ܠܚܝ ܹ̈̈ܡܐ ܵܩܐ ܿܦ ܿ‬ ‫ܬܪ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܹ̈ ̈‬ ‫ܟ ܵܬ ܵܒܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ ܿܘ ܿ‬
‫ܥܬ‬ ‫ܕܠ‬ ‫ܹ̈‬
‫ܠܘ ܸܦܐ̈‬
‫ܝܢܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܝ ܿ ܹ̈‬ ‫ܢܓܠ ܵܣ ܵܝܐ ‪ ،‬ܐܝ ܵܢܐ ܹ̈ ̈‬ ‫ܒܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܸܐ ܸ‬ ‫ܟܬܒ ܵܬ ܸ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܿܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܩܪ ܵ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܵܢܐ ܿܕ ܵ‬ ‫ܘܝܘ ܵ‬
‫ܘܒܝܬ ܵܨ ܵ‬ ‫ܟܠ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܬ ‪ܵ ،‬‬ ‫ܨܥ ܵ‬‫ܫܬ ܸܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܪ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܝܢܐ ܵܓܘ ܿܡ ܿ‬ ‫ܝܡ ܹ̈̈ܬ ܹ̈ ̈‬ ‫ܥܠ ܵ‬ ‫ܿ ̈ ܿ ܿ‬
‫ܘܒܐ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܹ̈‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܘ‬ ‫ܥܠ ܹ̈‬
‫ܕܪܐ ‪ܿ 1‬ܗܠ ‪)6‬‬ ‫ܪܙܐ ܓܡܝ ܵܪܐ ܒ ܹ̈ܪ ݇ܐ ܵܙܐ ̣ܡܢ ܸܣ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܠܐ ܿܝܢ ܚܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܢܐ ܵܩܐ ܫܒ ܵ‬ ‫(ܗ‪.‬ܕ‪ܹ̈ .‬ܠܐ ܹ̈ ̈‬
‫ܵ ܿ‬ ‫ܵ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܝܠܗ ܟܬܝܒܐ ܕܝܠܢܐܝܬ ܩܐ ܛܘܘ ܹ̈ܪܐ ‪To develp‬‬ ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܬܪ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ ܦܝ ܵܫܐ ܹ̈‬
‫ܝܘܢ‬ ‫ܦܠ ܵܚܐ ܸ‬ ‫ܨܥ ܵܝܐ ‪ .‬ܐܘܦ ܹ̈ܙܐ ܡܘ ܸ‬ ‫ܕܪܐ ܸܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܠܣ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܪܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ ܸ‬ ‫ܠܦ ܵܢܐ ̣ܡܢ ܸܣ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܘ ܵ‬
‫ܝܬ ܿܕܬܘ ܵܪܨ‬ ‫ܪܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܪܚܐ ܸܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܩܬ ܒܐܘ ܵ‬ ‫̈ܪܝܐ ܘ ܿܦ ܿܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܬܓ ܹ̈̈ܡܐ ‪ܸ ،‬ܡ ݇ܐܡ ܹ̈̈ܪܐ ܸܟ ܹ̈‬ ‫ܒ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ ‪ܸ ،‬ܦ ܵ‬ ‫ܿܚ ܵ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܹ̈ܝܐ‬ ‫ܠܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܦܐ ܵܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܝ ܿ‬ ‫ܕܐ ܵܗܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܚܬ ܵ‬ ‫ܪܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܡ ܿ‬ ‫ܡܠܠܐ ‪ .‬ܐܘܦ ܙܐ ‪ ،‬ܠܢܝ ܵܫܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܿܡ ܵ‬
‫ܿ‬ ‫ܹ̈‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܝܘܢ ܟܠܝ ܕܪ ܹ̈ܫܐ ̣ܡܢ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܐܫܘܪ ܵܝܐ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܝܢܐ ܐܫܘܪ ܹ̈ܝܐ ‪ ،‬ܬܘܪ ܸ ̰ܓ ܵܡܐ ܸ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܘܐܢܝ ܕ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܦܪ ܵܡ ܵܢܐ ܿܐܝ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܸ‬ ‫ܒܚ ݇ܕ ܹ̈ܪ ݇ܐ ܵܙܐ ܦܫܝ ܵܛܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܒܪܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܕܚ ܵ‬ ‫ܬܡܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܢܓܠ ܵܣ ܵܝܐ ܿܥܡ ܸܪ ܵ‬ ‫ܠܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܸܐ ܸ‬ ‫ܸ‬
‫ܨܝ ܵܢܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܘܢ ܸܡ ܿ‬ ‫ܕܗܘ ܵܝܐ ܸ‬ ‫ܟܡܐ ܸ‬ ‫ܵ‬

‫‪7‬‬
 ‫ܝܠܗ ܿܠܐ ܹ̈̈ܢܐ ܵ‬
‫ܕܪ ܹ̈ܫܐ ‪:‬‬ ‫ܚܒ ܵܫܐ ܹ̈‬ ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܸܒ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܘܥܐ) ‪،‬‬ ‫ܩܬ ܵ‬
‫(ܕܠܐ ܵܙ ܵ‬ ‫ܫܬ ܵ‬‫ܕܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܸ‬ ‫ܢܩܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܒܪܐ ‪ ،‬ܢܝ ܿܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܚ ܵ‬ ‫ܩܬ ܿ‬ ‫ܦܪ ܵ‬‫ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܵܓܘ ܵ‬
‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈̈ܗܐ‬
‫ܚܠ ܵ‬ ‫ܢܬ ‪ܵ ،‬‬ ‫ܠܝ ܵ‬‫ܕܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܿܡ ̰ܓ ܵ‬ ‫ܢܩܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܚܬ ‪ ،‬ܢܝ ܿܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܪܟܝ ܵ‬ ‫ܢܩܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܿܫ ܵ‬
‫ܕܡܠܬ )‪(conjugation of verb‬‬
‫ܪܥ ܵܦܐ ܸ ܵ‬ ‫̈ܪܨܘ ܵܦ ܹ̈ܝܐ ܘܣܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܿܦ ܿ‬
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܬܠܝ ܵܬ ܵܝܐ ܿܘܪܒܝ ܵܥ ܵܝܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܵ‬
‫ܨܝ ܵܢܐ ܸܠ ܵ‬ ‫ܬܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܗ ܸܘܢ ܸܡ ܿ‬ ‫ܐܝܬܠܝ ܿܣܒ ܵܪܐ ܵ‬
‫ܕܗܘܝ ܒܘܫ‬ ‫ܟܬ ܹ̈̈ܒܐ ܵܩܐ ܵ‬‫ܠܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܦܐ ܵܛܒܥܝ ܿܐ ܹ̈̈ܢܐ ܵ‬
‫ܝܘܢ ܵܩܐ ܵܝ ܿ‬ ‫ܐܘܦ ܹ̈ܙܐ ܿܡܚܫܘ ܹ̈ܚܐ ܸ‬
‫ܒܐ ܵ‬
‫ܚܕ ܹ̈ܕܐ‬ ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ݇ܐܣܝ ܵܪܐ ܸ‬‫ܚܬ ܿܐܝ݂ܟ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܵ‬ ‫ܦܠ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܬ ܵܩܐ ܿܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܦܪܩܬܝ ܵܩ ܵ‬ ‫ܵܗ ܵܣ ܵܢܝ ܿܘ ܿ‬
‫ܚܝ ܹ̈̈ܬ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܥܬ ܿܐ ܿܨ ܵ‬
‫ܛܒ ܵ‬ ‫ܐܘܦ ܙܐ ܵܩܐ ܿ‬
‫ܹ̈‬
‫ܵ‬
‫(ܡܢ ܿܚܒܪܐ ܣܘ ܵܘ ܵܕܐ) ‪.‬‬ ‫ܣܘ ܵܕ ܵܝܐ ܿܡ ܵ‬
‫ܕܢܚ ܵܝܐ ̣‬ ‫ܫܘܪ ܵܝܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܝܘܢ ܗܘܓ ܵܝܐ ܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܦܠ ܵܚܐ ܸ‬ ‫ܡܘ ܸ‬

‫ܝܘ ܿܢܢ‬ ‫ܡܝ ܵܫ ܹ̈ܐܝܠ ܵܐ ܸܠ ܿ‬

‫ܟܣܢ ܿ‬

‫ܐܝܠܘܠ ‪September 2022‬‬

‫ܿ‬

‫ܝܘ ܿܢܢ ܠܦܘܬ ܿܗ ܿܝܪܬܝ‬ ‫ܪܬ ܵܙܘܓܝ ܹ̈ܡܝܪܝ ܿ‬‫ܠܛܝܒܘ ܵܬܐ ̣ܡܢ ܿܒ ݇‬ ‫ܐܝܬܠܝ ܩܘ ܿܒ ܿ‬
‫ܫܬ ܝ ܵܠ ̇ܗ‬
‫ܟܬ ̈ܒܐ ‪ .‬ܐܘܦ ܙܐ ̇ܗܝ ܦܪܝ ܵ‬‫ܡܬ ܿܕܐ ܹ̈̈ܢܐ ܵ‬
‫ܛܢ ܵܢܐ ܵܩܐ ܿܬ ܿܡ ܵ‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܠܬܝ‬ ‫ܗܒ‬‫ܿܘܝ ܿ‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ ܹ̈ ܵ ̇ ܵ ܹ̈ ܿ ܿ‬ ‫ܕܐ ܵܗܐ ܵ‬‫(ܫ ܵܡܐ) ܵ‬
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܘܗܘ ܸܝܪܬܐ ܝܠܗ ܩܬܝ ܡܦܠܚܬ ܕܚܒ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬ ‫ܟܘ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܸ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵ‬
‫ܝܬ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܡܪܕܘ ܵܬܐ ܵܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܘܡ ݇ܐܡ ܹ̈̈ܪܐ ܕܐܝ ݇‬
‫ܬܠܗ ܿܘܢ ܸܐܣܘ ܵܪܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܸ‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ܿ ‫ܘܡܠܦܘܢ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܿܢܐ ܵܐ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܝܠܘܦܘܢ‬
ܿ
Learn and teach the Assyrian Language

ܵ ܵ ܿ ݇
‫ ܐܡܝܢܐܝܬ ܚ ܹ̈ܙܐܡܘܢ ܕܪ ܹ̈ܫܐ ܕܓܘ‬: ‫ܢܘ ܵܗܪܐ‬
ܵ ܿ ܵ
‫ܬܘܢ‬ܿ ‫ܕܝܠܦܝ‬ ܵ ‫ܪܬܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ ܵܩܐ ܿܗ ܿܝ‬
ܵ
ܵ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ̈
. ‫ܕܪ ܹ̈ܫܐ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܹ̈ܬܐ ܕܓܘ ܕܐܗܐ ܟܬܒܐ ܬܪܝܢܐ‬
ܵ ܵ
Note: Always see the lessons of book ONE
for help to learn the new lessons
of this book TWO

9
 ‫‪Lesson 1‬‬
‫ܵ‬
‫ܕܪܫܐܵ‬
‫ܚܕܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ̣ܡܢ ܵܒ ݇ܬܪ ̣ܡ ܿܢ ̈‬
‫ܝܗܝ ‪:‬‬ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܵ‬
‫ܝܢܐ ܵܬ ܵ‬
‫ܦܝ ܹ̈ ̈ܢܐ ܒܟܠ ܵ‬ ‫ܿܐ ܹ̈̈ܢܐ ܵܐ ܵ‬
‫‪The following letters are attached to any letter‬‬
‫‪that follows.‬‬

‫ܒ ܓ ܚ ܛ ܝ ܟܟ ܠ‬
‫ܡ ܢܢ ܣ ܥ ܦ ܩ ܫ‬
‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ‪Example‬‬
‫ܚܡ ܵܢܐ‪ ،‬ܛܘ ܵܪܐ‪ ،‬ܫܘ ܵ‬
‫ܠܛܢܐܵ‬ ‫ܒܪ ܵܬܐ‪ܿ ،‬ܓ ܵܒܐ‪ ،‬ܚܘ ܵܒܐ‪ܵ ،‬ܪ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫݇‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܵܝܠܕܐ ‪ ،‬ܬܫܥܝܬ ‪ ،‬ܟܗܢܐ ‪ ،‬ܡܠܟܐ ‪ ،‬ܠܚܡܐ ‪،‬‬
‫ܪܛܐ ‪،‬‬ ‫ܦܣ ܵܣܐ ‪ܸ ،‬ܣ ܵ‬‫ܠܡ ܵܢ ܿܣܪ ‪ܵ ،‬‬ ‫ܚܡ ܵܢܐ ‪ܿ ،‬ܫ ܵ‬
‫ܡܪ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܥܒܪ ‪ܿ ،‬ܕܥܬܝܕ ‪ ،‬ܦ ܸܚܠ ‪ ،‬ܦܠܚܐ ‪،‬‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܐܕܐ ‪ܿ ،‬ܕ ܿ‬ ‫ܹ̈ܥ ܵ‬
‫ܕܪܫܬ ‪ܵ.‬‬ ‫ܬܐ ܵܣܐ ‪ܿ ،‬ܡ ܿ‬
‫ܵܩ ܹ̈ܪܐ ‪ܿ ،‬ܒ ܸܩܪ ‪ ،‬ܐܝ ܵܩ ܵܪܐ ‪ ،‬ܫܘ ܵ‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫ܚܕܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܵ‬
‫ܝܢܐ ܵܬ ܵ‬
‫ܦܝ ܹ̈ ̈ܢܐ ܒܐܘܦ ܵ‬ ‫ܿܐ ܹ̈̈ܢܐ ܵܐ ܵ‬
‫̣ܡܢ ܵܒ ݇ܬܪ ܸܡ ܿܢ ̈‬
‫ܝܗܝ ‪:‬‬
‫‪The following letters are NOT attached to any letter‬‬
‫‪That follows:‬‬

‫ܐ ܕ ܗ ܘ ܙ ܪ ܨ ܬ‬
‫‪Example‬‬ ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵܵ ܿ ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܐ‪ :‬ܐܠܗܐ ‪ ،‬ܐܫܘܪ ‪ ،‬ܫܘܐܠܐ ‪ ،‬ܡܠܐܟܐ ܡܝܟ ܹ̈ܐܝܠ ‪.‬‬
‫ܕܪܫܬ ‪ܵ.‬‬ ‫ܫܬ ‪ܿ ،‬ܘܪܕܐ ‪ܵ ،‬ܐ ܵܕܪ ‪ܿ ،‬ܡ ܿ‬ ‫ܩܠܬ ‪ ،‬ܕ ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܸ‬ ‫ܕ‪ܸ :‬ܕ‬
‫ܵ ܿ ܵ‬
‫ܝܡܢܘܬܐ ‪ ،‬ܢܘ ܵܗܪܐ ‪ ،‬ܢܗܪܐ ‪.‬‬
‫ܗ‪ܿ :‬ܗ ܵ ܵ‬
‫ܡܬ ‪ ،‬ܙ‪ܿ :‬ܙܗܪܝ ܵܪܐ ‪ܸ ،‬ܠܥܙܐܵ‬ ‫ܪܕܐ ‪ ،‬ܪܘ ܵܚܐ ‪ ،‬ܐܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܘ‪ܿ :‬ܘ ܵ‬
‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܒܪܙܪܥܐ ‪ ،‬ܪ‪ :‬ܐܫܘܪܝܐ ‪ܸ ،‬ܪܚܩܐ ‪ ،‬ܐܬ ܹ̈ܪܗ ‪.‬‬‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܨܪܐ ‪ܿ ،‬ܨܢܥܬ ‪ ،‬ܐܨܠܝܐ ‪.‬‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܨ‪ܿ :‬ܨ ܵܝ ܵܪܐ ‪ܿ ،‬ܩ ܵ‬
‫ܿ‬
‫ܬ‪ :‬ܬܫܥܝܬ ‪ ،‬ܒܪܬܝ ‪ ،‬ܐܬܪܝ ‪ ،‬ܐܝܬܠܝ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬

‫‪11‬‬
 Lesson 2
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
‫ܒܪܐ ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܦ ܸܐܫ ܟܬܝ ܵܒܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܬ ܕ ܿܚ‬ ܵ ‫ܢܣܐ ܸܢ‬
ܵ : ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܸܓ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܪܐ ܕ ܸܡ‬
‫ܠܬ ܒ ܿܙܒ ܵܢܐ‬ ܵ ‫ ܿܚ‬: ‫ܒܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ "ܝ" ܿܐܡܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ ܸܐ ܢ ܵܗ ܹ̈ܘܐ‬ܵ
‫ ܿܝܢ ܸܫ ܵܡܐ‬، ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܬ ܿܪ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ‬ ܿ ‫ ܿܝܢ ܿܦ‬، ‫ܥܝ ܵܕ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܪܨܘ ܵܦܐ ܸܢ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܩ ܸܐܡ‬ ܵ
ܿ ‫ ܿܝܢ ܵܙܢܐ ܵܦ‬، ‫ܕܡܪܘ ܵܬܐ‬
. ‫ܩܘ ܵܕܐ‬ ܵ
For feminine Person: letter "‫"ܝ‬ is written at the end of the word
always whether the word is a VERB in simple present tense, or a
second feminine Person or a name of ownership or in imperative mood
(in order form)
Example ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܡ‬
. ‫ ܿܡ ܸܠܦ‬، ‫ ܵܟ ܸܬܒ‬، ‫ ܵܩ ܹ̈ܪܐ‬:‫ܠܬ‬ ܸ ‫ܐ‬ ܵ
‫ܒܪ‬ ܿ
‫ܚ‬ ‫ ܵܩܐ‬: 1
ܿ ‫ܪܝܬܝ ܐܘܦ ܙܐ ܟܐ ܿܡ‬
ܿ ‫ܠܦܬܝ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܵܐ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ ܵܪ ܵܒܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܿܐ ݇ܢܬܝ ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܩ‬
ܹ̈ ܹ̈
ܵ
. ‫ܨܦܝܝ‬
You, (as a Feminine Person) read and also you teach the Assyrian
language very good.
: ‫ܩܒܐ) ܿܐܝ݂ܟ‬
ܵ ‫(ܩܐ ܸܢ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܡ‬
ܵ ‫ܠܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬
ܸ ‫ܒ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܒܐ ܵܗܐ ܹ̈ܪ ݇ܐ ܵܙܐ ܵܩܐ ܿܫ‬
ܿ ‫ܪܟܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܗܪ‬
ܿ ܵ ܵ ܿ ܵ ܿ ܿ ܿ
، ‫ ܦܠܚܬܝ‬، ‫ ܦܪܫܬܝ‬، ‫ ܚܕܝܬܝ‬، ‫ ܒܩܪܬܝ‬، ‫ ܵܝܠܦܬܝ‬، ‫ܡܙ ܿܡܬܝ‬
ܿ ܿ
‫ܗ‬
ܸ
You work, you choose, you be happy, you ask, you learn, you speak

. ‫ܿܒ ܸܪܒ ܿܙܬܝ‬ ، ‫ܚܨ ܿܝܬܝ‬ ܿ ‫ ܵܪ‬، ‫ܠܝܬܝ‬

ܿ ، ‫ܫܡܬܝ‬
‫ܨ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܒ‬
ܿ ‫ ܿܨ‬، ‫ܪܟܬܝ‬
ܸ
Barbizat skhsiyat rashmat salyat barkat
You spread, you examine, you mark , you pray, you kneel

12
With the same order above, for the rest of the verbs, and other
feminine VERBS, letter “yood” ‫ܝ‬ is written at the end of the word
(verb) in Simple Present Tense for Feminine Second Person.

Lesson 3
ܵ ‫ܩܘ ܵܕܐ ܵܩܐ ܸܢ‬
‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ ܵܩܐ ܸܡ‬:2
ܿ ‫ ܵܙܢܐ ܵܦ‬: ‫ܠܬ‬
ܵ. ‫ܕܡܠܬ‬ ܵ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܵ
ܸ ‫ܐܬܘܬܐ "ܝ " ܓܘ ܦܪܩܬ‬
For VERB in imperative mood of verb tense,

(in order form) for feminine, letter "‫ "ܝ‬at the end
of the VERB .
. ‫ܪܚܘܛܝ‬
ܿ ، ‫ܝܠܘܦܝ‬
ܿ ، ‫ܕܪܘܫܝ‬
ܿ ، ‫ܦܪܘܫܝ‬
ܿ ، ‫ܦܪܘܩܝ‬
ܿ : ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
Rkhot Ylop Drosh Prouh Proq :example
Run learn argue choose finish

13
 ‫ܕܪ ܵܫܐ ‪Lesson 4‬‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܿ‬
‫ܵܩܢܘ ܵܢܐ ‪Rule‬‬
‫(ܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬
‫ܠܬ ܵ‬‫ܚܕܐ ܸܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܗܓ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ ܕ ܵ‬ ‫‪ܹ̈ : 1‬ܪ ݇ܐ ܵܙܐ ܿܕ ܵ‬
‫ܟܬܒ ܵܬ ܸ‬
‫ܿ‬
‫ܘܥܐ ܵܙܩ ܵܦܐ ܦ ܝܢ ܒܙܘܥܐ ܦܬܚܐ ܦ ؟‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܒܙ ܵ‬
‫ܝܬ) ܵ‬ ‫ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵ‬
‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ‪Example‬‬
‫ܪܫܐ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܫ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܢܫ‬ ‫ܡ‬‫ܿ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܚ‬ ‫ܦ‬ ‫ܠܬ ‪ܿ :‬ܡܠܦ ‪ܿ ،‬ܒܩܪ ‪ܿ ،‬ܡܚܒ ‪ܿ ،‬‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܸܡ‬
‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܸ‬ ‫ܸ‬ ‫ܸ‬ ‫ܸ‬
‫‪Tire‬‬ ‫‪Forget‬‬ ‫‪Forgive‬‬ ‫‪Love‬‬ ‫‪Ask‬‬ ‫‪Teach : Verb‬‬

‫ܪܟܐ ‪.‬‬‫ܘܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܿܬ ܸܡܡ ‪ܿ ،‬‬ ‫ܡܙܡ ‪،‬‬ ‫ܿ‬

‫ܗ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ܠ‬ ‫ܹ̈ܿ‬
‫ܫ‬ ‫ܒ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܒ‬
‫ܹ̈‬
‫ܿ‬
‫ܓ‬
‫ܸ‬
‫‪Etc.‬‬ ‫‪Complete‬‬ ‫‪Talk‬‬ ‫‪Cook‬‬ ‫‪Choose‬‬
‫ܒܙܘܥܐܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫̈‬
‫ܚܡܐ ܕܐ ܹ̈ܢܐ ܸܡ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܹ̈ܟܐ ܦ ܸܐܫ ܟܬܝ ܵܒܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܿܙܒ ܵܢܐ ܕܕܥܒܪ ܡܬ ܵ‬
‫ܪܒ ܵܨܐ (ܘ) ܵܓܘ ܸܗ ܵ‬
‫ܓܝ ܵܢܐ ܿܩ ̄ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܠܬ " ܿܡ ܸܠܦ" ‪ܵ :‬ܐ ܵܢܐ ܡܘ ܸܠܦܠܝ ‪ܿ .‬ܐ ݇ܢܬܝ‬ ‫ܵܩܐ ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‪ܸ :‬ܡ ܵ‬
‫ܘܫ ܵ‬
‫ܪܟܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܠܗ ܿܘܢ ܿ‬ ‫ܦܠܟ ܿܘܢ ‪ܵ ،‬ܐܢܝ ܗܘܡܙ ݇‬ ‫ܚܬܘܢ ܡܘ ܸܠ ܵ‬ ‫ܦܠܟܝ ‪ܿ .‬ܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܡܘ ܸܠ ܵ‬
‫ܸ‬
‫ܠܬ ( ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬‫ܕܚܕܐ ܸܡ ܵ‬
‫ܒܪܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܚ ܵ‬ ‫ܓܝ ܵܢܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ ܿ‬ ‫‪ : 2‬ܐܝ ܵܢܐ ܸܗ ܵ‬
‫ܘܥܐ ܵܙܩ ܵܦܐ ܵܦ ܵܩܐ ܸܡܠܬܵ‬‫ܒܙ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܫܐ ܟܬܝܒ ܵܬ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܬ) ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܦ ܵ‬‫ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵ‬
‫ܿܐܝ݂ܟ‪ܵ :‬ܦ ܸܠܚ ‪ܵ ،‬ܦ ܸܪܩ ‪ܵ ،‬ܝ ܸܠܦ ‪ܵ ،‬ܒ ܹ̈ܢܐ ‪ܵ ،‬ܚ ܹ̈ܙܐ ‪ܵ ،‬ܪ ܸܚܛ ‪ܵ ،‬ܫ ܸܩܠ ‪.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
 )‫ܚܡܐ (ܦܫܝ ܵܛܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܥܒܪ‬
ܵ ‫ܡܬ‬ ܵ ‫ ܸܡ‬:‫ܵܩܐ ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
ܿ ‫ ܿܙܒ ܵܢܐ‬: "‫ܠܬ " ܵܦ ܸܠܚ‬
ܿ ‫ܕܕ‬
ܵ ‫ܦܠ‬
. ‫ܚܠ ̇ܗ‬ ܸ ‫ ̇ܗܝ‬. ‫ܚܠܗ‬ ܸ ‫ ̇ܗܘ‬. ‫ܦܠܚܠܝ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܡ‬
ܸ ‫ ܵܐ ܵܢܐ‬: ‫ܠܬ ܵܦ ܸܠܚ ܝ ܹ̈ܠܗ‬
ܹ̈ ‫ܦܠ‬ ܸ
ܿ ، ‫ܚܠܗ ܿܘܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܘܫ‬ ݇ ‫ܦܠ‬ ܵ ܿ ܿ ܿ
. ‫ܪܟܐ‬ ܸ ‫ܢܝ‬ ‫ܐ‬ . ‫ܢ‬‫ܚܠ‬ ‫ܦܠ‬
ܸ ‫ܢ‬‫ܚܢ‬ ‫ܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܙ‬
‫ܘܥܐ‬
ܵ‫ܦ‬
ܵ ‫ܘܥܐ ܵܙܩ ܵܦܐ ܿܝܢ‬ ܵ ‫ܟܬܒ ܵܬ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܙ‬ ܵ ‫ܢܝܐ ܿܕ‬ ܵ ‫ܝܠܗ ܦܘܪܫܘ‬ ܹ̈ ‫ܵܐ ܵܗܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܪܐ ܕ ܸ"ܡ‬
. " ‫ܠܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܓܘ ܸܗ‬
ܿ ‫ܓܝ ܵܢܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ‬ ܿ‫ܵܦܬ ܵܚܐ ܦ‬
1 : the order of writing the first syllable of a verb (the first letter)
ܵ ܿ
whether with (zoe-aa zqapa‫ ܦ‬or with (zoe-aa ptakha ‫?) ܦ‬

Example verbs:
teach, ask, love, forgive, forget, choose, cook, talk,
‫ ܡ ܸܠܦ‬، ‫ ܿܒ ܸܩܪ‬، ‫ ܿܡ ܸܚܒ‬، ‫ ܿܦ ܸܚܠ‬، ‫ܢܫܐ‬
ܿ ܿ
ܹ̈ ‫ ܿܡ‬، ‫ ܓ ܹ̈ܒܐ‬، ‫ ܿܒ ܸܫܠ‬، ‫ܡܙܡ‬
ܸ
ܿ
‫ܗ‬
. ‫̈ܪܘܢ‬ ܵ ܿ ݇ ܿ ܵ
ܿ ‫ ܐ‬، ‫ ̇ܗܝ ܒܘ ܸܫܠ ̇ܗ‬. ‫ܵܐ ܵܢܐ ܗܘܡܙܡܠܝ‬
ܿ ‫ ܐܢܝ ܒܘ ܸܩ‬، ‫ܚܢܢ ܓܘ ܹ̈ܒܐܠܢ‬
ܸ
The Definite Past Tense of the above verbs is written with ‫ܘ‬
(zoe-aa rwasa) in the first syllable.
2 : But the first syllable of a VERB (first letter) is written with
ܵ
(zoe-aa zqapa)‫ ܦ‬in Definite Past Tense (definite, certain) for the
Following verbs:
: ‫ ܵܦ ܸܠܚ‬، ‫ ܵܦ ܸܪܩ‬، ‫ ܵܝ ܸܠܦ‬، ‫ ܵܒ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬، ‫ ܵܚ ܹ̈ܙܐ‬، ‫ ܵܪ ܸܚܛ‬، ‫ܵܫ ܸܩܠ‬
ܵ ܿ ݇ ܿ
ܿ ݇
. ‫ܦܪܩܠܗܘܢ‬ ܿ
ܸ ‫ ܐܢܝ‬، ‫ ܐܚܢܢ ܚ ܹ̈ܙܐܠܢ‬، ‫ܛܠܗ‬ ܹ̈ ‫ܪܚ‬ ܸ ‫ܵܐ ܵܢܐ‬
ܸ ‫ ̇ܗܘ‬، ‫ܫܩܠܝ‬
ܵ
This is the difference in writing with zoe-aa zqapa ‫ ܦ‬or with
ܿ
zoe-aa ptakha ‫ ܦ‬in the first syllable of a verb.

15
 ܵ ܵ
Lesson 5 ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
Order of writing
ܵ ‫ܹ̈ܪ ݇ܐ ܵܙܐ ܿܕ‬
‫ܟܬܒ ܵܬ‬
ܿ ‫ܬܘ ̈ܬܐ ܵܓܘ‬
ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
Letters at the end of the word
ܵ ‫ܩܬ ܿܕ‬
‫ܒܪܐ‬ ܹ̈ ܵ ‫ܵܐ‬
Example ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
kap ‫ܟ‬ noon ‫ܢ‬ meem ‫ܡ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬
‫ܒܪܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܩܬ‬ ܿ ‫ܬܘ ̈ܬܐ ܵܓܘ‬
ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬ ܵ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܵܬܦܝ‬
ܹܵ̈ ‫(ܫܥܝܝ) ܒ ܵܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܐ ܹ̈̈ܢܐ ܵܐ‬
These letters ‫ܡ ܢ ܟ‬ are not attached to the following
Letters at the end of the word.

ܵ‫ܵܐܕܡ‬ ‫ܵܚܐܡ‬ ܵ ‫(ܨ‬

)‫ܘܡܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܨ ܸܐܡ‬
Adam (name) Kham (noun) (Sawma) Saem
Crude, raw (verb fast, abstinence)
ܿ
‫ܡܪܗܡ‬ܿ ݇
‫ܩܕܡ‬ܿ ‫ܵܩ ܸܕܡ‬
Marham Qam Qadem
(ointment) (before, in front of) (up-coming)

‫ܡܙܡ‬ ܿ
‫ܗ‬ ܿ ‫ܿܡ‬
‫ܥܠܘܡ‬ ܿ ‫ܸܐ‬
‫ܕܝܘܡ‬
ܸ
Hamzem Maalom Ediom (today)
(verb speak, talk) (apparent, known)

‫ܵܩ ܸܪܡ‬ ‫ܿܫܡܝ ܵܪܡ‬ ‫ܵܐ ܵܪܡ‬

Qarim Shamiram (name) Aram (name)
(Verb win)
16
 ‫ܵܪ ܸܬܡ‬ ‫ܵܚ ܸܬܪ‬ ‫ܬܪܘ ܵܨܐ‬
Ratim (verb) Khater Truth, Verily
Pronunciation, Accent (Sake, with regard,)

Letter noon ‫ ܢܢ‬noon ‫ܢ‬

‫ܵܗ ܸܕܢ‬ ‫ܕܝ ܵܘܐܢ‬ ‫ܸܐ ܢ‬
Hadin Diwan Inn
(to guide, direct) (Court) ( if )

‫ܫܘ ܵܡ ܿܗܢ‬ ܿ ܵ
‫ܐܠܗܢ‬ ܿ ‫ܿܕܥܬܝ ܿܕܢ‬
Shoumahan Alahan Daateedan
(our entity, Surname) (our God) (our future)

‫ܵܐ ܵܢܐ ܸܒܬ ܵܗ ܸܘܢ‬ ܿ ‫ܿܒ‬

‫ܩܪܘܢ‬ ܿ ܿ
‫ܐܚܬܘܢ‬
Ana bit hawin Bakron Akhton
(I will be) (you ask in plural ) (you in plural)

‫ܿܒܪ ܸܙܢ‬ ‫ܵܚ ܸܙܢ‬ ‫ܟܪ ܸܙܢ‬

ܸ ‫ܡ‬ܿ
Barzin Khazin Macrizzin
(to cause to) (I see) (I preach, sermon)
To become dry

‫ܕܪܢ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܩ ܸܪܢ‬ ܿ

‫ܵܡܪܢ‬
ܸ ‫ܫ‬
Shadrin Qarin Maran
( I send) ( I read ) (our Lord)

17
 ܿ
‫ܵܚ ܢ‬
‫ܨ‬ ‫ܪܨ ܢ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܡ ܸܨ ܢ‬
ܸ ‫ܬ‬
Khasan Tarsin Masin
(waist, back spinal) (I make, I correct) (I can, am able)
ܿ
‫ܿܡܪܕܘܬܢ‬ ܿ
‫ܐܝܬܘܬܢ‬ ܿ
‫ܐܘܡܬܢ‬
Mardoutan Eetoutan Oumtan
(our culture) (our being, existance) (our nation)

̣ ‫ܒܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬
‫ܕܡܢ ܿܩ ݇ܕܡ ̣ܡ ܵܢ ̇ܗ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܝ‬
ܵ ‫ܢܬ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ " ܢܘܢ" ܵܬ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬
. ‫ܒܪܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܩܬ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܓܘ‬
ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
Letter “ noon “ attached to the preceding letter
at the end of the word.
Example ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
ܵ ܿ ܿ‫ܿܐܚܢܢ‬
‫ܕܪ ܿܫܢ‬ ‫ܝܠܦܠܢ‬
ܸ
Drashan Y’liplan Akhnan
(our lesson) (we learned) (we) in plural

‫ܵܐ ܹ̈ܡܝܢ‬ ‫ܢܩܢ‬

ܸ ܵ
‫ܣ‬ ‫ܿܢܗ ܹ̈ܪܝܢ‬
Amen (so be it) Sanqin Nahrain
(used at the end of a prayer) (verb) I need (Two river)

18
 Letter
ܵ ܵ
‫ܐܬܘܬܐ ݂ܟ‬
Letter ‫ ݂ܟ‬pronounced to sound as ‫ܒܩ ܵܠܐ ܿܐܝ݂ܟ (ܚ) ܹ̈ܟܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ݂ܟ‬
ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
‫ܩܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܝܫܐ ܟܬܝܒ ܵܬ ܵܓܘ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܦ‬
(kheit) is written at the end of the
word for 2nd person, masculine ‫ܢܣܐ ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܪܐ ܵܩܐ ܸܓ‬ ܿ
singular. (it denotes ownership or,
، ‫ܝܠ ̇ܗ ܵܡܪܘ ܵܬܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܪܡ ܵܙܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ( ܸܒ‬
ܵ
belongs to you or, related to you)
‫ܣܘ ܵܪܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܬܠ ̇ܗ ܸܐ‬ܵ ‫ܿܩ ܵܢܝܘ ܵܬܐ ܿܝܢ ܐܝ‬
)‫ܒܝܘ݂ܟ‬

Example ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬

‫ܡܪܕܘܬܘ݂ܟ‬ܿ ‫ܐܘܡܬܘ݂ܟ‬ ܿ
‫ܐܬܪܘ݂ܟ‬
Mardoutoukh Oumtoukh Atroukh
(your culture) (your nation) (your country)

‫ܸܠ ܵܫܢܘ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܡܘ ܸܠܦܠܘ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܡܙܡܠܘ݂ܟ‬

ܸ ‫ܗܘ‬
Lishanoukh Mouliploukh Houmzimloukh
(your tongue, language) (you taught) (you spoke)

‫ܫܩܠܘ݂ܟ‬
ܸ ‫ܚܘܒܘ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܵܒܒܘ݂ܟ‬
Shqilloukh Khouboukh Baboukh
(you took) (your love) (your father)
ܿ
‫ܥܝܢܘ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܐܝܕܘ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܿܒܝܬܘ݂ܟ‬
Aynoukh Eedoukh Baytoukh
(your eye) (your hand) (your house)

19
 ‫ܸܫܡܘ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܕ ܵܪܫܘ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܵܩ ܵܠܡܘ݂ܟ‬
Shimmoukh Drashoukh Qalamoukh
(your name) (your lesson) (your pencil)

ܿܵ
‫ܟܠܟ‬ ‫ܵܙ ܸܡܟ‬ ‫ܵܓ ܸܚܟ‬
Kalak Zamik Gakhik
Raft, Afloat (verb) (verb ܵ ‫) ܸܓ‬
‫ܚܟܐ‬
Be sullen, Skully
Laugh

Lesson 6
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
These words do not have a vowel ‫ܫܡܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܝܬܠܗ ܿܘܢ ܪܘ‬ ݇ ‫ܒ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ ܿܠ‬ܵ ‫ܿܐ ܹ̈̈ܢܐ ܿܚ‬
sound (mark of Zoe-aa), but just a
‫ܚܟܝ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܸܛ ܵܦܐ‬ ‫ܐ‬ܿ ‫ ܐܝ ܵܢܐ‬، ‫ܘܥܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܙ‬ ܵ
dot placed on top or below a ̰
letter to denote the word that ، ‫ܬܒܐ ܿܥܠ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܟܐ ܵܦ ܸܐܫ ܡܘ‬ ܹ̈ ‫ܝܠܗ‬
ܹ̈
follow.
‫ܠܡܕܥܘ ܹ̈ܝܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܬܚܘܬ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܿܝܢ‬
‫ܝܗܝ‬ ܹ̈̈ ‫ܕܐ ܹ̈ܬܗ ܵܒ ݇ܬܪ ̣ܡ ܿܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܪܐ‬ܵ ‫ܠܚ‬ ܿ
‫̇ܗܝ‬ ‫̇ܗܘ‬ ‫ܟܠ‬ ‫݁ܡܢ‬ ‫̣ܡܢ‬
Haiy hawe kol mann min
(She ) (he) (all) ( who, which) from,
An interrogative (out of)
Pronoun

20
 Lesson 7
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
Distinguished Mark - ܵ ‫ܢܝ ܿܫ‬
‫ܢܩܐ ܦܪܝ ܵܫܐ‬
Mashliyana or Mtalqana ܵ‫ܠܩܢܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܡܛ‬ ܿ ‫ܫܠܝ ܵܢܐ ܿܝܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܿܡ‬
‫ܘܬܒܐ ܿܥܠ‬
ܵ ‫ܪܛܐ) ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܦ ܸܐܫ ܿܡ‬ ܵ ‫(ܚ ݇ܕ ܸܣ‬
ܿ - ‫ܢܩܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܐ ܵܗܐ ܢܝ ܿܫ‬
ܵ ‫ ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܦ‬- ‫ܢܩܐ‬
‫ܝܫܐ‬ ܵ ‫ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬. ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܐ ܵܗܐ ܢܝ ܿܫ‬ ܵ ‫ܟܡܐ ܵܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܿܚ ݇ܕ‬
ܵ ،‫ܟܬܝܒ ܵܬ ܐܝ ܵܢܐ ܠܐ ܵܦܝ ܵܫܐ ܩܪܝ ܵܬ‬
. ‫ܝܠ ̇ܗ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܫܠܝ ܵܬ‬ ܹ̈
ܵ ‫ ܿܠ‬، ‫ܡܬ‬
)‫ܝܬܠ ̇ܗ ܵܩ ܵܠܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܪܬ‬ܸ ‫ܝܫܐ‬ܵ ‫( ܹ̈ܠܐ ܵܦ‬
This Mark – is placed above some letters . A letter with this
mark – is written but not pronounced, it is a letter “shleeta”
(with no vowel sound).
Example ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
ܿ ݇ ܿ
ܵ.‫ܟܠܝ ܵܩܐ ܿܚ ݇ܕܟ ܵܡܐ ܵܕܕܝ ܹ̈ ̈ܩܐ ܵܩܐ ݇ܐ ܵܟܠܬ‬ ̄
‫ܿܚ ݇ܕ ݇ܐ ܵܢ ܵܫܐ ܐ ܸܙ ܹ̈ܠܗ ̣ܡܢ ܩܕܡ‬
Khalta khakma Qamm Zilleh Nasha
A man went ahead three minutes of all to eat.

̈ ܵ ܿ ܿ ̈ ܵ ܿ ̈ ܵ ܵ ܵ ̈ ܿ
:‫ܐ ܹ̈ܢܐ ܝܢܐ ܐܬܘ ܹ̈ܬܐ ܡܫܠܝ ܹ̈ܢܐ ܝܢ ܡܛܠܩ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬
݇‫݇ܐ ݇ܕ ݇ܗ ݇ܝ ݇ܠ ݇ܢܢ ݇ܪ ݇ܫ ܬ‬
The following letters are the “Mashliyaneh or Mtalqaneh”

21
 ݇
Example for letter ‫ܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܐ‬
ܵ ܵ ܵ ‫ܛܘܦ‬
݇
‫ܐ ܸܡ ܹ̈ܪܗ‬ ܵ‫ܹ̈ܪ ݇ܐܙܐ‬ ܵ‫݇ܐ ܵܪܙܐ‬ ܵ‫݇ܐ ܵܢܫܐ‬
Merreh Reza Raza Nasha
(He said) (In order) (Secret, (A person,

ܵ‫݇ܐ ܵܙܠܐ‬ ̄
‫݇ܐ ܸܚ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬
mystery)

‫݇ܐ ܵܚ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ‬
A human being)

‫݇ܐ ܹ̈ܬܐ ܹ̈ܠܗ‬

Zala Kheeneh Kharaya Teileh
(Going) (The others) (The last) (He came)

ܵ‫݇ܐ ܵܢܫܘܬܐ‬ ܵ
‫ܐܝܪ‬݇ ܵ‫݇ܐܝܚܝ ܵܕܝܐ‬
Nashouta Yar Yeekhidaya
(Good manner, (The month (The only one,
Good behave, May ) Solitary)
Humain )

Example for letter

݇‫ܕ‬ ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬
݇‫ܵܝ ܵܠܕܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܚ ݇ܕ‬
‫ܟܡܐ‬ ‫ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܵܬܐ‬ ‫ܿܚ ݇ܕ‬
Yala Khakma Khatta Kha
(Boy) (Some, few) (New) (One)
ܵ ‫ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ‬
‫ܝܬ‬ ‫ܿܩ ݇ܕܡ‬
Qamaya Qam
The first (Before,
(feminine) in front of)
22
 Example for letter ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ݇ܗ‬
‫ܐܝܬ ݇ܗ ܵܘܐ ܠܘ݂ܟ‬ ‫݇ܗ ܹ̈ܘܐܠܝ‬
it hwa lokh
Hweli
( you had )
( I became)

Example in plural ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܿܣܓܝ ܵܐ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬

‫ܠܗ ܿܘܢ‬
݇ ‫ܟܪܙ‬
ܸ ‫ܡܘ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܿܘܢ‬
݇ ‫݇ܗ ܹ̈ܘܐ‬ ‫ܠܗ ܿܘܢ‬
݇ ‫ܐـܝܬ ݇ܗ ܵܘܘ‬
Moukrizlon Hweh lon it hwa lon
(They preached) (They became) (They had)

݇
Example for letter ‫ܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܝ‬
ܵ ܵ ܵ ‫ܛܘܦ‬
ܿ ‫݇ܝ‬
‫ܠܘܦܘܢ‬ ܵ ‫݇ܝ ܸܠ‬
̇‫ܦܠܗ‬ ܿ ‫݇ܝ‬
‫ܠܘܦܝ‬ ܿ ‫݇ܝ‬
‫ܠܘܦ‬
D’loupon Y’liplah Y’lop Y’lop
(Learn, study) (She learned, (Learn study) (Learn, study)
In plural, She studied ) for feminine for masculine
in Imperative in imperative in imperative
mood of verb mood of verb mood of verb

‫݇ܝ ܸܕܥܡܘܢ‬ ‫݇ܝ ܸܕܥܝ‬ ‫݇ܝ ܸܕܥ‬ ‫݇ܝܩܝ ܵܕܐ‬

Y’dihmon Y’dih Y’dih Y’qeeda
(Know) (Know) (Know) (Burned)
Inplural, for feminine for masculine From verb
in imperative in imperative in imperative Yaqed
mood of verb mood of verb mood of verb

23
 ݇
Example for letter “noon” ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܢܢ‬
ܵ ܵ
ܵ‫ܿܓ ݇ܢ ܵܒܪܐ‬ ݇
‫ܐܢܬܝ‬ܿ ݇
‫ܐܢܬ‬ܿ
Gabbara Aat Aat
(Brave man, gallant, (You) (You)
or with high spirit) for feminine for masculine

‫ܹ̈ܫ ݇ܢ ܵܬ‬ ‫ܕܪ ݇ܫ‬

ܸ ‫ܢ‬݇ ܵ
‫ܡ‬ ‫ܡܕܝ ݇ܢ ܵܬ‬
Sheeta Midreh Mdeeta
(year) (Also, again) (city)

݇
Example for letter ‫ܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܪ‬
ܵ ܵ ܵ ‫ܛܘܦ‬
‫̇ܗܝ ݇ܐ ܸܚ ݇ܪ ܵܬܐ‬ ݇
‫ܵܐܢܝ ݇ܐ ܸܚ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬ ܵ‫̇ܗܘ ݇ܐ ܸܚ ̄ܪܢܐ‬
Kheeta (she) Kheeneh (they) Kheena (he)
(The other) (The others) (The other)

݇
Example for letter ‫ܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܫ‬
ܵ ܵ ܵ ‫ܛܘܦ‬
ܵ
‫ܡܘ ݇ܫ ܸ ̰ܟܚܠܟܝ‬ ‫ܿܡ ݇ܫ ܸ ̰ܟܚ‬ ‫ܕܪ ݇ܫ‬ ݇
ܸ ‫ܸܡ‬
‫ܢ‬
Mouchikhlakh Machekh Midreh
(You found, dicovered (Find, dicover) (Also, again)
For feminine)

24
 ݇
Example for letter ‫ܬ‬ ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬
݇
‫ܡܘܬ ܹ̈ܝܐܠܘ݂ܟ‬ ܵ
݇‫ܬܠܬ‬ ݇‫ܵܒܬܪ‬
Mouyelokh Tla Baar
(You brought) (three, 3) (after, behind)
ܵ‫ܒܪ ݇ܬ ܨܒܥܐ‬
ܵ ܵ‫ܒܪ ݇ܬ ܐܝܕܐ‬
ܵ ܵ‫ܒܪ ݇ܬ ܵܩܠܐ‬
ܵ
ܸBra sibaa Bra eeda Bra qala
(Thimble) (Glove) (Echo)
to cover the end of the

ܵ‫ܒܪ ݇ܬ ݇ܐܩܘܠܬ‬
finger
ܵ ܵ‫ܵܒ ݇ܬܪܐ‬ ܵ‫ܩܕܠܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܵܒ ݇ܬܪ‬
Bra qolta Baara Baar qdala
(Trip and loose balance) (Rear, behind something, (The back of the neck)
or last in order)

25
 Lesson 8
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
Letter Rkekhta (Roukakha) ‫ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܪܟܝܟ ܵܬ (ܪܘ ܵܟ ܵܟܐ‬
‫ܦ‬ ‫ܟ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܓ‬ ‫ܒ‬
as feh or veh as khap as ghammal as waw or wee

The Assyrian pioneers of our ‫ܪܝܐ‬

ܹ̈ ‫ܫܘ‬ ܿ ‫ܨܘ ܹ̈̈ܝܐ ܵܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܘ ܹ̈̈ܥܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܘܒ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܝ‬
‫ܕܠܗ ܿܘܢ‬
݇ ‫ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܹ̈̈ܝܐ ܕ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܿܢܢ ܡܘ ܸܙܝ‬
language added a dot or mark
below the above letters to give a
‫ܕܥ ܸܠܠ‬ ̈ ܵ ‫ܚܘܬ ܵܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܸܛ ܵܦܐ ܬ‬
different pronunciation to the ܸ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ܬܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܚܠܦ ܵܬ ܸܪ‬ ܿ ܿ ܵ
original letters in order to
accommodate new words in lieu ‫ܕܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܬܡܐ‬ ‫ܩܐ ܫ‬
of adding new letters to the ‫ܒ̈ܪܢܐ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ̣ܡܢ‬ ܸ ‫ܝܬ ܵܩܐ ܿܚ‬ ܵ ‫ܪܫ‬ܵ ‫ܸܫ‬
original alphabet.
.‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ‬ܵ ‫ܕܬܐ ܵܐ‬ܵ ‫ܕܡ ܿܙܝ‬ܿ ‫ܹ̈ܓ ݇ܢ ܵܒܐ‬

Example for letter ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣ ܿܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܒ‬

‫ܵܛ ܵܒܐ‬ ܵ‫ܨܠܝܒܐ‬ ̈‫ܿܐ ܵܒ ܵܗܬܢ‬
Tawa Sleewa Awahatan
(Good, goodness) (Cross) (Our parents or our
forefathers)

‫ܸܕܒ ܵܚܐ‬ ‫ܫܘܒ ܵܚܐ‬ ܵ

‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬
Diwkha Shouwkha Ktawa
(Sacrifice, Donation) (Praise, Glory) (Book)

26
 ‫ܗܒܠ‬
ܸ ‫ܝ‬ܵ ‫ܵܣ ܵܒܐ ܵܣܒ ܵܬ‬ ‫ܫܒ ܵܒܐ‬
ܵ
Sawta, Sawa
Yahwil Shwawa
(Old woman,
(To give) (Neighbor)
old man)

‫ܵܩ ܸܪܒ‬ ‫ܿܚܒ ܵܪܐ‬ ‫ܿܩܪܝ ܵܒܐ‬

Qariw Khawra Qareewa
(To receive the Holy (Friend, companion) (Best man; the principal
communion) groomsman at a wedding
or at the baptism of an
infant)

Example for letter ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܓ‬

‫ܸܪܓ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܣܘܓ‬
‫ܝܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܒ‬
‫ܣܓ ܵܕܐ‬
Righsha Sogheeta Bisghada
(Sence, perception) (Hymn) (Worship, obey)

‫ܿܒܓ ܵܕܐܕ‬ ‫ܵܓܠܝܒܘ ܵܬܐ‬ ܵ‫ܿܦܓܪܐ‬

Baghdad Ghalibouta Paghra
(Name of a city) (Victory) (Body)

27
 Example for letter ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܟ݂ܟ‬
‫ܕܟ ܵܪܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܪܝܟ ܵܬ‬ ‫ܵܐ ܸܟܠ‬
Dkhara Brikhta Akhil
(remembrance) (blessed) (verb eat)

‫ܸܕܟ ܵܪܐ‬ ‫ܸܕܟ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ

‫ܕܟܐ‬
Dikhra Dikhya Dkha
(Masculine: male gender) (Clean, Free from (Becoming clean)
filth)

ܵ‫ܿܪܟܝܟܐ‬ ܵ‫ܿܒܟܬ‬ ܵ‫ܿܡܟܝܟܐ‬

Rakeekha Bakhta Makeekha
(Soft, tender) (Wife, lady) (Humble)
Act of being modest

‫ܵܢ ܸܟܦ‬ ‫ܢܘܟ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ‬ ‫ܵܟܘܟ ܵܒܐ‬

Nakhip Noukhraya Kawkhwa
(Ashamed) (Stranger) (Star)
feeling shame of bad a person who is such as a planet
behavior unfamiliar of: or a main performer

28
 Example for letter ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܦ‬
ܿ ܵ
Note: This letter is pronounced as F or V ‫ܪܬܡܬ ܐܝܟ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܐ ܵܗܐ ܦ ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܦ‬
ܸ ‫ܝܫܐ‬
‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬ ‫ܵܒ ܿܢܦ ܵܫܐ‬ ‫ܿܢܦ ܵܫܐ‬
Touvsa Banavsha Navsha
(Example) (Violet color) (Soul of a person)
ܵ‫ܵܟܠܝܦ ܿܘܪܢܝܐ‬ ܿ
‫ܦ ܹ̈ܪܝܕܘܢ‬ ܿ
‫ܬܦܬܘ ܹ̈ܫܐ‬
California Freydon Tavtousheh
(State of California) (Name of a person) (Searching)
ܵ ‫ܸܪܦ ܵܫܐ ܝܢ ܪܘ‬
‫ܫܬ‬ ܵ‫ܸܢܦܛܐ‬
Roushta or Rifsha
Nifta
(Shoulder or Clavicle)
(Oil , Gas)

29
 Lesson 9
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
ܵ ܵ
Mark Majliyana ~ ‫ܓܠܝܢܐ‬
ܿ ܵ ܿ ܿ ܵ ‫ܢܘ‬
̰ ‫ܩܙܐ ܝܢ ܢܝܫܢܩܐ ܡ‬
By adding this Mark ~ under a
ܵ ‫ܕܬܐ ܵܐ ܵܗܐ ܢܝ ܿܫ‬
‫ܢܩܐ ܿܝܢ‬ ܵ ‫ܒܡ ܿܙܝ‬ ܿ
letter in the word, the
pronunciation and sound of that ‫ܬܡܐ‬ܵ ‫ ܸܪ‬، ‫ܬܚܘܬ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܩܙܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܢܘ‬
letter change. ‫ܚܠܦ‬
ܸ ‫ܫ‬ܿ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܟ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ܵ
‫ܬ‬ ‫ܬܘ‬ ܵ
‫ܐ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ̇
‫ܕܗ‬ ‫ܐ‬‫ܠ‬ܵ ‫ܿܝܢ ܵܩ‬
ܹ̈

These are letters Majliyaneh ~ ܵ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܵܡ ̰ܓ‬

‫ܠܝ ܹ̈ ̈ܢܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܐ ܹ̈̈ܢܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܝܢܐ ܵܐ‬
As “Jeh” ‫̰ܫ‬ As “tcheh” ‫̰ܟ̰ܟ‬ As “djeh ‫̰ܓ‬

Example for letter

ܵ ܵ
‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܐܬܘܬܐ ̰ܓ‬
‫̰ܓ ܸܡܥ‬ܿ ܵ
‫ܥ ܸ ̰ܓܒ‬ ‫ܵܢ ܸ ̰ܓܒ‬
Jammeh Aajib Najib
(Count, collect) (Wonder, astonish) (Gentle, awesome)
ܿ
‫̰ܓܘܪܐܬ‬ ܿ
‫̰ܓܘܘܒ‬ ܵ‫ܿ ̰ܓܡܐ‬
Jour-at Jouwab Jamma
(Courage, dare, (Answer, reply) (Twin)
brave)

30
 ܿ
‫ܿܣܢ ̰ܓܩ‬ ‫ܵܥܐ ܸ ̰ܓܙ‬ ‫̰ܓܘܢ ܵ ̰ܓ ܵܪܐ‬
Sanjaq Ajiz Jounjara
(Pin) (invalid, feeble, (Pain, anguish, agony)
weak)

Example for letter ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ̰ܟ̰ܟ‬

ܵ ‫ ̰ܟ ܿܝ‬، ‫̰ ܵܟ ܸܐܕ‬ ܵ ܵ ܿܿ ܵ
‫ܕܬܐ‬ ‫ܐܡܥ‬ ‫ܟ‬
ܸ ̰ ‫ܫܬ‬ ‫ܠ‬‫ܟ‬ ،‫ܫ‬‫ܠ‬‫ܐ‬
̰ ܸ ̰‫ܟ‬
Tchiadta, Tchaed Tchameh Tchallashta, Tchalish
(Invitation, invite) (Extinguish the fire ) (Endeavour, strive)

‫̰ ܵܟ ܸܠܦ‬ ‫ ܸܟ ̰ܟ ܵܚܐ‬،‫ܵܟ ܸ ̰ܟܚ‬ ‫̰ ܵܟ ܸܪܚ‬

Tchalip Kichkha, kachikh Tcharekh
(Split, separate, crack) (Tiring, tired) (Climb)

ܵ‫ܦܟܝܠܐ‬ ̰ܵ ‫ܿ ̰ܟ‬
‫ܡܟܐ‬ ‫ܪܟܘ ܵܒܐ‬‫ܟ‬ ܿ
̰ ̰ ̰
Pcheela Tchamcha Tcharchouwa
(Crooked, curved (Spoon) Frame (of picture or
not straight) an open case)

‫ܿܚ ݇ܕ ̰ ܵܟܐ‬ ܵ‫ܪܟܐ‬ܿ‫ܦ‬ ܵ

̰ ̰ ‫ܵܣܦ‬
‫ܪܟܝ‬
Khacha Parcha Saparchi
(A little quantity, (Fabric, woven) (Traveler)
A little number)

31
 Example for letter ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ̰ܟ‬
at the end of the word
ܵ ‫ܩܬ ܿܕ‬
‫ܒܪܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܓܘ‬
ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
‫ܿܚ ̰ܟ ܸܚ̰ܟ‬ ‫ܵܙ ܸܪ̰ܟ‬ ‫ܵܒ ܸܠ̰ܟ‬
Khachkhich Zarich Balich
(Search, dig, seek) ( Scratch) ( Crush)

‫ܵܩ ܸܡ̰ܟ‬ ‫ܵܡ ܸܪ̰ܟ‬ ‫̰ ܵܟ ܸܡ̰ܟ‬

Qamich Marich Tchamich
( Pinch, nip ) (Squeeze, (ore eye, Fade)
compressing)

‫ܪܡ̰ܟ‬
ܸ ‫ܩ‬ܿ ‫ܪܦ̰ܟ‬
ܸ ‫ܟ‬ܿ
Qarmich Karpich
(Wrinkle) (Adobe, block)

ܵ ܵ
Example for letter ‫ܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܐܬܘܬܐ ̰ܫ‬ ܵ ‫ܛܘܦ‬
ܿ
‫̰ܫܘ ܸܙܦ‬ ܵ ܵ
‫ܩ ̰ܫ ܸܕܪܢܐ‬ܿ ‫ܸܕ ̰ܫ ܸܡܢ‬
Joseph Qajdirana Dijmin
(Name) (Daring, brave) (Enemy)

‫̰ܫ ܿܘ ܹ̈ܙܦܝܢ‬ ‫̰ܵܫܐ ܹ̈ܢܝܬ‬ ‫̰ܵܫܐܢ‬

Josephine (name) Janet (name) Jan (name)

32
 Lesson 10 ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬ ܵ ܵ
ܵ ܿ ܿ ̈ ܵ
‫ܚܠܦܫܡ ܹ̈ܗܐ ܦ̈ܪܨܘܦ ܹ̈ܝܐ‬ ܵ
Personal Pronouns
̈ ܹ̈ ‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈̈ܗܐ‬
‫ܝܢܐ ܿܚ ݇ܕ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܠ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܐ ̈ܢܐ‬
These Personal Pronouns are a ܹ̈
‫ܦܠ ܵܚܐ‬ ܸ ‫ܕܟܐ ܵܦ ܸܐܫ ܡܘ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܚ‬
word that is written in lieu
(instead) of the name (to avoid ܹ̈ ‫ܒܪܐ‬
repetition) ܵ ‫ܕܠܐ ܵܗ‬
‫ܘܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫(ܩܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܫ ܵܡܐ‬ܸ ‫ܘܦܐ‬ܵ ‫ܒܫ‬ܵ
ܵ ‫ܬܢ‬
)‫ܝܬ‬ ܵ
Example ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ܵ ‫ܸܢ‬
‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
Singular Feminine Singular Masculine
ܵ
I (ANA) ‫ܐܢܐ‬
ܵ ܵ
I (ANA) ‫ܐܢܐ‬
ܵ
YOU (AAT) ‫ܐܢܬܝ‬
݇ ܿ YOU (AAT) ‫ܐܢܬ‬
݇ ܿ
SHE (HIYE) ‫ܗܝ‬
̇ HE (HAAW) ‫ܗܘ‬
̇
For subject or object, IT (HIEY) ‫̇ܗܝ‬ For subject or object , IT (HAAW) ‫̇ܗܘ‬
ܵ ‫ܘܢ‬ ܿ ܵ
ܿ ‫ܟܠܝ ܿܦ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܿܣ‬
)‫ܓܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ‬ ܸ ‫̈ܪܨܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ ( ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ‫ܩܐ‬
For all persons: (Masculine and Feminine in Plural)
THEY (Anee) ‫ܵܐܢܝ‬ YOU (Akhton)
ܿ ‫ܿܐ‬
‫ܚܬܘܢ‬ WE (Akhnan)
ܿ ‫ܿܐ‬
‫ܚܢܢ‬

33
 ܵ ܵ
Lesson 11 ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
ܵ ܵ ̈ ܵ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܿ ܿ ̈ ܵ ܵ
)‫ܚܠܦܫܡ ܹ̈ܗܐ ܦ̈ܪܨܘܦܝܐ ܩܢ ܹ̈ܝܐ (ܡܪܘܬܐ‬
Personal Possessive Pronouns (ownership)
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ܵ ‫ܵܢ‬
‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
Singular Feminine Singular Masculine
1st. P. Mine (diyi) ‫ܕܝܝ‬ ‫ܕܝܝ‬
Mine (diyi)
2nd ܵ
P. Yours (diyakh) ‫ܕܝܟܝ‬ Yours (diyokh) ‫ܕܝܘ݂ܟ‬
3rd ̇
P. Hers (diyah) ‫ܕ ܵܝܗ‬ His (diyeh) ‫ܕ ܹ̈ܝܗ‬

ܵ ܵ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܿ ܿ ܿ ܵ
)‫ܘܢܩܒܬܢܝܐ (ܣܓܝܢܐܝܬ‬ ܸ ‫(ܕܟܪܢܝܐ‬ ܸ ‫ܩܐ ܟܠܝ ܦ̈ܪܨܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ‬
For all persons: (Masculine and feminine in plural)
̈ ܿ
Theirs ‫ܕܝܝܗܝ‬
ܿ
Yours ‫ܕ ܵܝܘܟܘܢ‬ Ours ‫ܕܝܢ‬
ܿ
(diyeiheh) (diyokhon) (diyan)

‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
Example
ܿ ܿ ‫ܝܠܗ‬
‫ܠܡܕܪܫܬܘ݂ܟ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ܵ
‫ܪܒ‬ ‫ܩܘ‬ ‫ܝ‬‫ܕܝ‬ ܵ
‫ܝܬ‬‫ܒ‬ܿ
ܹ̈
My house is near your school

34
 ܵ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܿ ܿ ̈ ܵ ܵ
)‫ܚܠܦܫܡ ܹ̈ܗܐ ܦ̈ܪܨܘܦ ܹ̈ܝܐ (ܚܫܘܫܐ‬
Personal Object Pronouns (Passive Voice)
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
Singular Feminine Singular Masculine
To me (illy) ‫ܸܐܠܝ‬ To me (illy) ‫ܸܐܠܝ‬
To you (illakh) ‫ܸܐܠܟܝ‬
ܵ To you (illokh) ‫ܸܐܠܘ݂ܟ‬
̇ ܵ
To her (illah) ‫ܸܐܠܗ‬ To him (illeh) ‫ܸܐ ܹ̈ܠܗ‬

For subject or object , it (illah) ‫ܸܐ ܵܠܗ‬ For subject or object , it (illeh) ‫ܸܐ ܹ̈ܠܗ‬
ܵ ܵ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܿ ܿ ܵ
)‫ܘܢܩܒܬܢܝܐ (ܣܓܝܢܐܝܬ‬ ܸ ‫(ܕܟܪܢܝܐ‬ ܸ ‫ܩܐ ܟܠܝ ܦ̈ܪܨܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ‬
For all persons: (Masculine and feminine in plural)
̈
( illeiyheh) ‫ܸܐܠܝܗܝ‬
ܿ ܿ
( illokhon) ‫ܸܐܠܘܟܘܢ‬
ܵ ܿ
( illan)‫ܸܐܠܢ‬
To them To you To us

35
 Lesson 12
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
)‫(ܡܪܘ ܵܬܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܟܒܐ ܿܩ ܵܢ ܹ̈ ̈ܝܐ‬ ܿ ‫̈ܪܨܘ ܵܦܝܐ‬
‫ܡ̈ܪ‬ ܿ ‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈ ̈ܗܐ ܿܦ‬
ܵ ܵ
‫ܚܠ‬
ܹ̈ ܹ̈
Compound Personal Pronouns (Possessive)
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
Singular Feminine Singular Masculine
My. Mine (own)‫ܕܓܢܝ‬
ܵ My , mine (own) ‫ܕܓܢܝ‬
ܵ
D’gani D’gani
Your, yours (own)
ܵ
‫ܕܓ ܵܢܟܝ‬ Your, yours (own) ‫ܕܓܢܘ݂ܟ‬ ܵ
D’ganakh D’ganokh
Her (own)
ܵ
‫ܕܓ ܵܢ ̇ܗ‬ His (own)
ܵ
‫ܕܓ ܹ̈ܢܗ‬
D’ganah D’ganeh
For subject, object, its (own)
ܵ
‫ܕܓ ܵܢ ̇ܗ‬ For subject, object, its (own)
ܵ
‫ܕܓ ܹ̈ܢܗ‬
D’ganah D’ganeh

ܵ ‫ܘܢ‬ ܿ ܵ
ܹܿ̈ ‫ܟܠܝ ܿܦ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܿܣ‬
)‫ܓܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ‬ ܸ ‫(ܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܸ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܦ‬ ‫̈ܪܨܘ‬ ‫ܩܐ‬
For all persons: (Masculine and feminine in plural)
Their own ‫ܝܗܝ‬ ܵ
̈ ‫ܕܓ ܿܢ‬ Your own
ܵ
‫ܕܓ ܵܢܘܟ ܿܘܢ‬ Our own
ܵ
‫ܕܓ ܿܢܢ‬
D’ganeyheh D’ganokhon D’ganan

36
 ܿ ‫ ܵܚ‬، ‫ܟܒܐ (ܫܘ ܵܡ ܵܗܐ‬
)‫ܫܘ ܵܫܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܦܫܡ ̈ܗܐ ܿܦ̈ܪܨ ܿܘ ܵܦܝܐ‬
̈ ‫ܡ̈ܪ‬ ܵ ܵ
‫ܚܠ‬
ܹ̈ ܹ̈ ܹ̈
Compound Personal Pronouns and Objects
which end with: self, selves.
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
Singular Feminine Singular Masculine
ܵ
Myself ‫ ܠܓܢܝ‬، ‫ܒܓܢܝ‬
ܵ ܵ
Myself ‫ ܠܓܢܝ‬، ‫ܒܓܢܝ‬
ܵ
L’gani b’gani
ܵ
‫ܒܓ ܵܢܟܝ‬
Yourself Yourself ‫ܠܓܢܘ݂ܟ‬ ܵ ، ‫ܒܓܢܘ݂ܟ‬ ܵ
̇ܵܵ ̇ܵܵ
Herself ‫ ܠܓܢܗ‬، ‫ܒܓܢܗ‬
ܵ ܵ
Himself ‫ ܠܓ ܹ̈ܢܗ‬، ‫ܒܓ ܹ̈ܢܗ‬
For subject, object, Itself
ܵ ،‫ܒܓ ܵܢ ̇ܗ‬
‫ܠܓ ܵܢ ̇ܗ‬ ܵ For subject, object, itself
ܵ ،‫ܒܓ ܹ̈ܢܗ‬
‫ܠܓ ܹ̈ܢܗ‬ ܵ

ܵ ‫ܘܢ‬ ܿ ܵ
ܹܿ̈ ‫ܟܠܝ ܿܦ‬
)‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܿܣܓ ܵܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ‬ ܸ ‫(ܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܸ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܦ‬ ‫̈ܪܨܘ‬ ‫ܩܐ‬
For all persons: (Masculine and feminine in plural)
Themselves
̈ ‫ܒܓ ܿܢ‬
‫ܝܗܝ‬ ܵ ܿ
Yourselves‫ܒܓ ܵܢܘܟܘܢ‬
ܵ Ourselves
ܵ
‫ܒܓ ܿܢܢ‬
ܵ
̈ ‫ܠܓ ܿܢ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܵܢܘܟ ܿܘܢ‬ܵ ܵ
‫ܝܗܝ‬ ‫ܠܓ ܿܢܢ‬
L’ganeiyhe L’ganokhon L’ganan

37
 Lesson 13 ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
̈ ܵ ܵ ݇ ̈ ܵ ܵ
Relative Pronouns ‫ܚܠܦܫܡ ܹ̈ܗܐ ܐܚܝܢ ܹ̈ܝܐ‬
(Interrogative Pronouns ‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈ ̈ܗܐ ܫܘ ܵܐ ܵܠ ܹ̈ ̈ܝܐ‬ ܵ
ܵ ‫(ܚܠ‬
Example ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
ܵ ‫ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܵܡܨܐ‬، ‫ܕܛ ܵܒ ܹ̈̈ܬ‬
‫ܕܗ ܹ̈ܘܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܝܠܗ ܵܡ ܹ̈ܪܐ‬ ܹ̈ ‫ܐ‬‫ܠ‬ܹ̈ ‫ܕ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ܵ ‫݇ܐ ܵܢ‬
‫ܫ‬
ܹ̈ ܵ ܵ ܿ
ܵ ݇ ܿ
. ‫ܸܡܫܬܐܠܢܐ ܕܚܕ ܫܘܬܐܣܐ‬ ܵ
A person who is not in good manners ( virtuous )
cannot be responsible of an institution

: ‫ܒܐ ܵܗܐ ܹ̈ܪ ݇ܐ ܵܙܐ‬

ܵ ‫ܪܥ ܹ̈ܦܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܫܡ ܹ̈ ̈ܗܐ ݇ܐ‬
ܸ ‫ܚܝ ܵܢ ܹ̈ ̈ܝܐ ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܦܝܫܝ ܣܘ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܠ‬ܵ
Relative Pronouns are conjugated as follow :

)‫(ܙܥܘ ܵܪܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܕܫ ܵܡܐ‬
ܸ )‫ܪܘ ܵܬܐ‬
ܿ ‫(ܡ‬
ܵ ‫ܿܩ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܿ ‫(ܚ‬
)‫ܫܘ ܵܫܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܫܘ ܵܡ ܵܗܐ‬
Nominative Possessive form Objective
Who ‫ܵܡܢܝ‬ Whose ‫ܕܡܢܝ‬ ܵ Whom ‫ܠܡܢܝ‬ ܵ
Mani D’mani L’mani
Which ‫ܿܐܝܢܝ‬ Of which ‫ܿܕܐܝܢܝ‬ Which ‫ܿܠܐܝܢܝ‬
Eiyni D’eiyni L’eiyni
That ‫̇ܗܘ‬ That ‫ܕܗܘ‬
̇ That
̇
‫ܠܕܗܘ‬
What ‫ܡܘܕܝ‬ܿ D’haaw L’dhaw
Modi

38
 Lesson 14
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
ܵ‫ܒܪܐ ܿܣܓܝ ܵܐ ܵܢܝܐ‬
ܵ ‫"ܣܝ ܹ̈̈ܡܐ" ܵܩܐ ܿܚ‬ ܵ ‫ܢܝ ܿܫ‬
ܵ ‫ܢܩܐ‬
)‫(ܩ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܿܝܢ ܵܡܪܘ ܵܬܐ‬
ܿ
Plural mark for word (possessive
or ownership) in plural form.
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
Singular Feminine Singular Masculine
My books ‫ܟܬܒܝ‬
̈ ܵ ̈ ܵ
My books ‫ܟܬܒܝ‬
̈ ܵܵ
Your books ‫ܟܬܒܟܝ‬
̈ ܵ
Your books ‫ܟܬܒܘ݂ܟ‬
̈ ܵܵ
Her books ‫ܟܬܒܗ‬
̈ ܵ
His books ‫ܟܬ ܹ̈ܒܗ‬

ܵ ܵ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܿ ܿ ܿ ܵ
)‫ܘܢܩܒܬܢܝܐ ܣܓܝܢܐܝܬ‬
ܸ ‫(ܕܟܪܢܝܐ‬ܸ ‫ܩܐ ܟܠܝ ܦ̈ܪܨܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ‬
For all persons: (Masculine and feminine in plural)

‫ܝܗܝ‬ ܵ
̈ ‫ܟܬ ܿܒ‬ ܵ
‫ܟܬ ܵܒ ̈ܘܟ ܿܘܢ‬
̈ܿ ܵ
‫ܟܬܒܢ‬
Ktaweyheh Ktawokhon Ktawan
(Their books) (Your books) (Our books)

39
 Lesson 15
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
̈ ܿ ܵ ܿ ܿ ̈ ܵ ܵ
:‫ܚܠܦܫܡ ܹ̈ܗܐ ܦ̈ܪܨܘܦ ܹ̈ܝܐ ܕܒܝ ܹ̈ܩܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܡܙ‬
‫ܡܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬
ܿ ‫ܒܪܐ ܿܝܢ ܿܗ‬ ܿ ‫ܩܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܠܚܝ ܹ̈̈ܡܐ ܘܡܘ ܸܙܝ ̈ܕܐ ܿܥܠ‬
ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬ ܵ ‫ܐ‬ܵ
ܹ̈
Personal Pronouns (apposition letters at the end
of the word or speech). (by; with; beside; along with)
Example ‫ܣܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܛܘܦ‬
ܿ ‫ܕܚ ݇ܕ‬
.‫ܒܫ ܵܒܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܘܡܐ‬ ܿ " ‫ܬܦܩܠܘ݂ܟ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܝܢ " ܵܝ‬ ‫ܬ‬ ݇
‫ܢ‬ ܿ
‫ܐ‬
ܸ
You visited us on Sunday.
" ‫ܒܝܟܝ‬ ݇ ‫ܚܕ ݇ܐ‬
ܵ " ‫ܠܗ ܿܘܢ‬ ܵ
ܹ̈ ‫ܘܒ ܵܒܟܝ ܪ ܵܒܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܝ ܵܡܟܝ‬
ܵ ‫ܚܨ‬
.‫ܝܬ‬ ܿ ‫ܒܨ‬ܿ ‫ܠܗ ܿܘܢ ܕܡܘܢܬܝ ܵܠܟܝ‬ ݇ ‫ܿܘܦܨܚ‬
ܵ ܸ ܵ
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܸܢܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ܵ ‫ܸܕܟܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
Singular Feminine Singular Masculine
(I) Biyi‫ܒܝ‬ ‫ܒܝ‬
(I) Biyi
(You) Biyakh ‫ܒܝܟܝ‬ ܵ (You) Biyokh ‫ܒܝܘ݂ܟ‬
̇ ܵ
(She) Biyah ‫ܒܝܗ‬ (He) Biyeh ‫ܒܝܗ‬ ܹ̈
ܵ ܵ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ܿ ܿ ܿ ܵ
)‫ܘܢܩܒܬܢܝܐ ܣܓܝܢܐܝܬ‬ ܸ ‫(ܕܟܪܢܝܐ‬: ܸ ‫ܩܐ ܟܠܝ ܦ̈ܪܨܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ‬
For all persons: (Masculine and feminine in plural)
̈ ‫ܒܝ‬
‫ܝܗܝ‬ ܿ ‫ܒܝܘܟ ܿܘܢ‬ ܵ ܿ
‫ܒܝܢ‬
(They) Biyeiheh (You) Biyokhon (we) Biyan

40
 Lesson 16
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܐܝܬ ܿܬܪ ܹ̈ܬܝܢ ܸܡ ܹ̈̈ܠܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܹ̈̈ܝܐ ܘ ܸܪ ܵܫ ܹ̈ܝܐ ܵܩܐ ܣܘ‬
ܵ‫ܪܥܦܐ‬
There are two first main verbs for conjugation
Verb “ BE ” & Verb “ HAVE ”
Note: Verb “ BE ” has an irregular conjugation.
Verb “ BE ” ܵ ܵ ܵ
“ BE “ ‫ܸܡܠܬ ܐܝܬܘܬ ܵܢܝܬ‬
and Verb “ HAVE ” ܵ
“HAVE” ‫ܸܡܠܬ ܐܝܬ‬

Verb to “ BE “ to exist, serves as an ܵ ‫ܠܬ ܐܝܬܘ ܵܬ ܵܢ‬

:‫ܝܬ‬ ܵ ‫“ ܸܡ‬BE”
auxiliary, or as a connecting verb with
person, tense and voice, such as in :
ܵ ‫ ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܦ‬:‫ ܵܦ ܸܐܫ‬، ‫ ܵܗ ܹ̈ܘܐ‬، ‫ܗܘ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܝܫܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܠ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܪ‬
، ‫ܢܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܡܥ‬ ܿ ‫ܠܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܬ ܿܐܝ݂ܟ ܸܡ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܠ‬
All passive verbs, has all pronominal
ܸ ‫ܡܘ‬
verbs, has some intransitive verbs.
The participle is always invariable ܹ̈ ‫ܪܨܘ ܵܦܐ‬
‫ܘܟܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܠܬ ܿܥܡ ܿܦ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܡ‬ ܸ ‫ܣܘ ܵܪܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܘܐ‬ ܸ
ܵ ‫(ܡ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܫܩܠܐ ܵܫ‬ ܵ
in Present Continuous Tense.
‫ܠܬ‬ ܸ . ‫ܕܫ ܵܡܐ‬ ܸ ‫ܘܦܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܚܠ ܵܦܐ‬ ܿ
‫ܒܙܒ ܵܢܐ‬ ܸ ‫ܐܡܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܿܫ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܩ ܸܐܡ ܣܘ‬
)‫ܥܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ
Verb to “HAVE” serves as an auxiliary. ܵ ‫ܕܪ‬
، ‫ܢܬ‬ ܿ ‫ܝܠ ̇ܗ‬
ܵ ‫ܡܥ‬ ܵ "‫ܠܬ "ܐܝܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܡ‬
It is transitive verb when it has a ܵ ‫ܢܬ ܘܐܝ‬
‫ܬܠ ̇ܗ‬ ܵ ‫ܟܡ ܿܠ‬ ܸ ‫ܘܡ‬ ܿ ‫ܢܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܠ ܵܦ‬ ܿ
ܸ ‫ܘ ܸܡܫܬ‬
complement or object.
. ‫ܢܝ ܵܫܐ‬

41
 ‫ܹ̈ܪ ݇ܐ ܵܙܐ ܕ ܵ‬
‫ܟܬܒ ܵܬ ܕܣܘ ܵ‬
‫ܪܥ ܵܦܐ‬
‫ܵ ܵ‬ ‫ܸ ܵ‬
‫ܕܡܠܬ ܐܝܬܘܬ ܵܢܝܬ ”‪“BE‬‬
‫”‪Order of writing and conjugation of verb “BE‬‬
‫ܚܬܘܢ ‪ܵ ،‬ܐܢܝ ‪.‬‬‫ܚܢܢ ‪ܿ ،‬ܐ ܿ‬ ‫̈ܪܨܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ ‪ܵ :‬ܐ ܵܢܐ ‪ܿ ،‬ܐ ݇ܢܬ ‪̇ ،‬ܗܘ ‪ܵ ،‬ܐ ܵܢܐ ‪ܿ ،‬ܐ ݇ܢܬܝ ‪̇ ،‬ܗܝ ‪ܿ ،‬ܐ ܿ‬
‫‪ܿ :1‬ܦ ܿ‬
‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܪܟܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܚܡܢ ‪ܿ ،‬‬
‫ܘܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܡܙܡ ‪ܿ ،‬ܡ ܸܠܦ ‪ܵ ،‬ܦ ܸܠܚ ‪ ،‬ܬ ܸ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫‪ܸ :2‬ܡܠܬ ‪ܵ :‬ܩ ܹ̈ܪܐ ‪ܵ ،‬ܟ ܸܬܒ ‪ܵ ،‬ܒ ܹ̈ܢܐ ‪ ،‬ܗ ܸ‬
‫ܝܬ ”‪ “BE‬ܝ ܸܘܢ ‪ ،‬ܝ ܸܘܬ ‪ ،‬ܝ ܹ̈ܠܗ ‪ ،‬ܐܝ ܵܘܢܝ ‪ ،‬ܝ ܿܘܬܝ ‪ ،‬ܝ ܵܠ ̇ܗ ‪،‬‬ ‫ܠܬ ܐܝܬܘ ܵܬ ܵܢ ܵ‬ ‫‪ܸ :3‬ܡ ܵ‬
‫ܝ ܿܘܚ ‪ ،‬ܝ ܿ‬
‫ܬܘܢ ‪ ،‬ܝ ܵܢܐ ‪.‬‬
‫”‪Example on Verb “BE‬‬ ‫ܠܬ ܐܝܬܘ ܵܬ ܵܢ ܵ‬
‫ܝܬ”‪“BE‬‬
‫ܿ‬
‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܥܠ ܸܡ ܵ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ‫ܵܩܐ ܸܢ ܵ‬
‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܵܩܐ ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܵ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫‪For Singular Feminine‬‬ ‫‪For Singular‬‬
‫‪Masculine‬‬
‫)‪1st. P : AM (eewan‬‬ ‫ܝ ܵܘܢܝ‬ ‫)‪AM (eewin‬‬
‫ܿܦ ܿ‬
‫ܪܨܘ ܵܦܐ ܿܩ ̄ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ‪ :‬ܝ ܸܘܢ‬
‫ܝܘܬܝ )‪2nd. P: ARE (eewat‬‬
‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ ܿ ܵ ܿ ܵ‬
‫ܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܬܪ ܵܝܢܐ‪ :‬ܝ ܸܘܬ )‪ARE (eewit‬‬
‫ܵ̇‬
‫ܝܠܗ )‪3rd. P: IS, IT (eelah‬‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ ܿ ܵ‬
‫ܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܬܠܝܬ ܵܝܐ‪ :‬ܝ ܹ̈ܠܗ )‪IS, IT (eeleh‬‬

‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ ܿ‬
‫ܩܐ ܟܠܝ ܦ̈ܪܨܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ ( ܸܕܟܪܢܝܐ ‪ܸ ،‬ܢܩܒܬܢܝܐ ܣܓܝܢܐܝܬ)‬
‫)‪For all persons: (Masculine and Feminine in Plural‬‬
‫ܵܐܢܝ ܝ ܵܢܐ‬ ‫ܿܐ ܿ‬
‫ܚܬܘܢ ܝ ܿ‬
‫ܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܿܐ ܿ‬
‫ܚܢܢ ܝ ܿܘܚ‬
‫)‪They ARE (eena‬‬ ‫)‪You ARE (eeton‬‬ ‫)‪We ARE (eewakh‬‬
‫ܕܩ ܸܐܡ ܣܘ ܵ‬
‫ܥܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ‫ܠܬ ܐܝܬܘ ܵܬ ܵܢ ܵ‬
‫ܝܬ”‪ܿ “BE‬‬
‫ܒܙܒ ܵܢܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܡ ܵ‬
‫ܪܥ ܵܦܐ ܸ‬
‫ܣܘ ܵ‬
‫‪Conjugation of verb “BE” in Present Continuous Tense‬‬
‫‪42‬‬
 For Masculine Singular ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
verb “ Read ” ܵ ‫ܸܡ‬
"‫ܠܬ " ܵܩ ܹ̈ܪܐ‬
1st. P: I am Reading ‫ܩܪ ܵܝܐ ܝ ܸܘܢ‬ ܵ ‫ ܵܐ ܵܢܐ ܸܒ‬.‫ ܦ‬1
Aana biqraya eewin
2nd. P: You are Reading ‫ܩܪ ܵܝܐ ܝ ܸܘܬ‬ ܵ ‫ ܿܐ ݇ܢܬ ܸܒ‬.‫ ܦ‬2
Aat biqraya eewit
ܵ ‫ ̇ܗܘ ܸܒ‬.‫ܦ‬
‫ܩܪ ܵܝܐ ܝ ܹ̈ܠܗ‬ 3
3rd. P: He is Reading Haaw biqraya eeleh

‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܸܢ‬

ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
For Feminine Singular ܵ ‫ ܵܐ ܵܢܐ ܸܒ‬.‫ ܦ‬1
‫ܩܪ ܵܝܐ ܝ ܵܘܢܝ‬
1st. P: I am Reading
Aana biqraya eewan

ܵ ‫ ܿܐ ݇ܢܬܝ ܸܒ‬.‫ ܦ‬2

‫ܩܪ ܵܝܐ ܝ ܿܘܬܝ‬
2nd. P: You are Reading
Aat biqraya eewat

3rd. P. she is Reading ‫ܩܪ ܵܝܐ ܝ ܵܠ ̇ܗ‬

ܵ ‫ ̇ܗܝ ܸܒ‬.‫ ܦ‬3
Hiye biqraya eelah

For all: Masculine and ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܸܢ‬

‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܸ
Feminine in Plural.
. ‫ܓܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܣ‬
1st. P. We are Reading ‫ܩܪ ܵܝܐ ܝ ܿܘܚ‬ ܿ ‫ ܿܐ‬.‫ ܦ‬1
ܵ ‫ܚܢܢ ܸܒ‬
Akhnan biqraya eewakh

43
2nd. P. You are Reading ܿ ‫ܩܪ ܵܝܐ ܝ‬
‫ܬܘܢ‬ ܿ ‫ ܿܐ‬.‫ ܦ‬2
ܵ ‫ܚܬܘܢ ܸܒ‬
Akhton biqraya eeton
3rd. P. They are Reading ܵ ‫ ܵܐܢܝ ܸܒ‬.‫ ܦ‬3
‫ܩܪ ܵܝܐ ܝ ܵܢܐ‬
Anee biqraya eena

ܵ ܵ
Lesson 17 ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
ܵ
Conjugation of verb “HAVE” "‫ܕܡܠܬ "ܐܝܬ‬
ܵ ܵ
ܸ ‫ܣܘܪܥܦܐ‬
For Simple Singular Tense ‫ܥܝ ܵܕ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܿܙܒ ܵܢܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܩ ܸܐܡ‬
For Masculine Singular ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬ܵ ‫ ܵܐ ܵܢܐ ܐܝܬܠܝ‬.‫ ܦ‬1
1st. P: I have a book
Aana itli ktawa
ܵ ‫ ܿܐ ݇ܢܬ ܐܝܬܠܘ݂ܟ‬.‫ ܦ‬2
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬
2nd. P: You have a book
Aat itlokh ktawa
ܵ ‫ ̇ܗܘ ܐܝܬ ܹ̈ܠܗ‬.‫ ܦ‬3
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬
3rd. P: He has a book
Haaw itleh ktawa

44
 For Feminine Singular ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ‫ ܵܐ ܵܢܐ ܐܝܬܠܝ‬.‫ ܦ‬1
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬
1st. P: I Have a book
Aana itli ktawa
ܵ ‫ܬܠܟܝ‬
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬ ܵ ‫ ܿܐ ݇ܢܬܝ ܐܝ‬.‫ ܦ‬2
2nd. P: You have a book
Aat itlakh ktawa
rd ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬ ܵ ‫ ̇ܗܝ ܐܝ‬.‫ ܦ‬3
ܵ ‫ܬܠ ̇ܗ‬
3 . P: She has a book
Hiye itlah ktawa

ܿ ‫ܟܠܝ ܿܦ‬ ܿ ܵ
For all persons: Masculine ‫ ܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬:‫̈ܪܨܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ‬ ‫ܩܐ‬
and feminine in Plural
. ‫ܓܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ ܿܣ‬: ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܚܢܢ ܐܝ‬
ܵ ‫ܬܠܢ‬ ܿ ‫ ܿܐ‬.‫ ܦ‬1
1st. P: We have a book
Akhnan itlan ktawa
2nd. P: You have a book ‫ܬܠܘܟ ܿܘܢ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܬܘܢ ܐܝ‬ ܿ ‫ ܿܐ‬.‫ ܦ‬2
ܵ
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬
3rd. P: They have a book Akhton itlokhon ktawa
ܵ ‫ ܵܐܢܝ ܐܝܬܠ ݇ܗ ܿܘܢ‬.‫ ܦ‬3
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ‬
Anee itlon ktawa

45
 ܵ ܵ
Lesson 18 ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
Letter Rkikhta “KAP” with letter
“YOUD” at the end of the word ‫ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ ܪܟܝܟ ܵܬ "ܟܝ" ܿܥܡ‬
‫ ܟܝ‬are pronounced as “Khap/ "‫ܡܬ ܿܐܝ݂ܟ "ܚ‬ܵ ‫ܪܬ‬ ܸ "‫ܵܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ "ܝ‬
Kheit “ are written for Second ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
‫ܩܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܦܝܫܝ ܟܬܝ ̈ܒܐ ܵܓܘ‬
ܹ̈
Person Feminine Singular, they
indicate (Possession, ownership, ‫ܬܪ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܒܪܐ ܵܩܐ ܿܦ‬
ܿ ‫ܪܨܘ ܵܦܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܚ‬ܿ
belongs to, of the Person. ܵ ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝ‬
‫ܐ(ܩܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܢܣܐ ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܓ‬
ܵ ‫ ܿܩ ܵܢܝܘ ܵܬܐ ܡܘ‬،‫ܵܡܪܘ ܵܬܐ‬
‫ܠܟ ܵܢܐ‬
)‫ܦܬ‬ ܿ ‫ܕܗܝ ܿܦ‬
ܵ ‫ܪܨܘ‬ ̇

Example for "‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ "ܟܝ‬

ܵ ‫ܿܒ‬
‫ܝܬܟܝ‬ ܵ
‫ܡܬܟܝ‬ ܵ ܵ ܿ
‫ܐܬܪܟܝ‬
Beytakh Matakh Attrakh
(Your house) (Your village) (Your country)
ܵ ܵ
‫ܕܪܣܬܟܝ‬ ܵ
‫ܵܩܠܡܟܝ‬
ܵ ܵ ܵ
‫ܟܬܒܟܝ‬
Darsatakh Qalamakh Ktawakh
(Your lessons) (Your pencil ) (Your book)
ܵ ܿ ܿ
‫ܫܪܫܝܬܟܝ‬ ܵ ܿ
‫ܒܪܘܢܟܝ‬ ‫ܸܝ ܵܡܟܝ‬
Charchaitakh Bronakh Yimmakh
(Your fatigue, tiring) (Your son) (Your mother)

46
 ‫ܵܘܠܝ ܵܬܟܝ‬ ‫ܠܚ ܵܢܟܝ‬
ܵ ‫ܸܦ‬ ܵ ܿ ܿ
‫ܬܚܡܢܬܟܝ‬
Waleetakh Pilkhanakh Takhmantakh
(Your duty, obligation) (Your work) (Your idea, thought)

Lesson 19
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ‬
ܵ‫ܕܫܪܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ ܵܐ‬3 ‫ܬܠ ݇ܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܠܬ ̣ܡܢ‬ ܵ ‫ ܟܠ ܸܡ‬:‫ܟܠ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܢܘ ܵܢܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܩ‬
ܵ ܵ ܵ ܵ ̇ ܵ ݇ ܵ ܵ
‫ܒܐܬܘ ܵܬܐ "ܐ" ܵܙܩ ܵܦܐ (ܐ) ܘܒܬܪ ̣ܡܢܗ ܐܬܘܬܐ ܒܙܘܥܐ ܙܠܡܐ ܸܙ ܹ̈ܟܐ‬
ܵ ܵ ܵ
ܵ ‫ ܸܡ‬:‫ ܿܐܝ݂ܟ‬، ‫̈ܪܫ ܹ̈ܝܐ‬
‫ܠܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܸܫ‬ ܵ ‫ܒܐܢܝ‬
ܵ ‫ܬܠ ݇ܬ ܵܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܝܫܐ ܟܬܝܒ ܵܬ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܦ‬
. ‫ ܵܐ ܸܣ ݇ܠܩ‬، ‫ ܵܐ ܹ̈ܬܐ‬، ‫ ܵܐ ܸܪܩ‬، ‫ ܵܐ ܸܣܪ‬، ‫ ܵܐ ܸܟܠ‬، ‫ ܵܐ ܸܙܠ‬، ‫ ܵܐ ܸܡܪ‬:(verb)
Note: Every verb of Three letters that starts with
Letter" ‫ " ܐ‬zqaa-pa )‫ ( ܵܐ‬followed by a letter with
Zoe-aa zlama “zein” )‫(ܙ‬ܸ is always written with its
three (3) original letters for all Persons and Tenses.

47
 Example ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܥܒܪ‬
ܵ ‫ܡܬ‬
‫ܚܡܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܒܙܒ ܵܢܐ ܿܕ‬ ܵ ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܸܡ‬
ܿ " ‫ܠܬ " ܵܐ ܸܡܪ‬
ܵ ‫( ܹ̈ܟܐ ܿܡ ܸܕܥ ܿܚ ݇ܕ‬
)‫ܥܒ ܵܕܐ ܦܪܝ ܵܩܐ‬
Example for verb SAY “amer” definite past tense, certain.
(action is completed in the past)
1 For masculine singular
ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܸܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
. ‫̇ܗܘ ݇ܐ ܸܡ ܹ̈ܪܗ‬ ݇ ܿ
، ‫ ܐܢܬ ܐ ܸܡܪܘ݂ܟ‬، ‫ܬܪܘܨܘ ܵܬܐ‬
݇ ܿ ‫ܵܐ ܵܢܐ ݇ܐ ܸܡܪܝ‬
Haaw mirreh Aat mirrokh Aana mirri truthota
(He said) (You said) ( I said the truth )

2 For feminine singular ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܸܢ‬

ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
. ‫ ̇ܗܝ ݇ܐ ܸܡ ܵܪ ̇ܗ‬، ‫ ܿܐ ݇ܢܬܝ ݇ܐ ܸܡ ܵܪܟܝ‬، ‫ܵܐ ܵܢܐ ݇ܐ ܸܡܪܝ‬
Hiey mirrah Aat mirrakh Aana mirri
(She said) (You said) ( I said )

ܿ ‫ܟܠܝ ܿܦ‬
ܵ ‫ ܸܢ‬، ‫̈ܪܨܘ ܹ̈ܦܐ (ܕܟ ܵܪ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ ܿܣ‬ ܿ ܵ
)‫ܓܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ‬ ܸ ‫ܩܐ‬
3 For all persons: (masculine and feminine in plural)
ܿ ݇ ܵ ܿ ܵ ݇ ܿ ܿ
. ‫ ܐܢܝ ܐ ܸܡܪܘܢ‬، ‫ ܐܚܬܘܢ ܐ ܸܡܪܘܟܘܢ‬، ‫ܐܚܢܢ ܐ ܸܡܪܢ‬ ܿ ݇ ܿ ܿ
Anee mirron Akhton mirrokhon Akhnan mirran
(They said) (You said) (We said

48
 Lesson 20
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
̈‫ܝܬ ܡ ݇ܐܡ̈ܪܐ ܦܫܝܛܐ‬ ܵ ܵ
‫ܩܪ‬ ‫ܐ‬‫ܩ‬ܵ
ܹ̈ ܹ̈ ܸ
‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܩܐ ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬
Reading sentences in Simple Form
for Feminine Singular.
‫ܒܪ ܵܬܟܝ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܪܘ ܵܢܟܝ ܿܘ‬ ܵ : ‫ܒܪ ܵܬ ̇ܗ‬
ܿ ‫ ܿܡ ܸܠܦ ܵܩܐ‬، ‫ܒܪܬܝ‬ ܵ ‫ ܸܝ ܵܡܐ ܵܩܐ‬1
. ‫ܙܥܘܪܘ ܿܬܝܗܝ‬ ܿ ‫ܸܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܵܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ ܵܗܐ ̣ܡܢ‬
1: Mother to her daughter : my daughter, teach your son and your
daughter to speak Assyrian language from their childhood.

. ‫ܠܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܦܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܕܝ‬
ܵ ‫ܪܬܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܿܐ ̄ܢܬܝ ܐܝ‬
ܵ ‫ܬܠܟܝ ܚܘ ܵܒܐ ܓܘ ܵܪܐ ܵܩܐ ܿܗ ܿܝ‬ 2
2: You have a high desire to help the students.

‫ܒܫܪܝܪܘ ܵܬܐ ܒܘܬ ܿܚܝܘ ܵܬܟܝ‬ ܵ ‫ ܿܐ ̄ܢܬܝ ܗܘܡܙ‬3

ܵ ‫ܡܠܟܝ‬ ܸ
ܵ ‫ܘܝܘ‬
. ‫ܠܦ ܵܢܟܝ‬
3: You talked with honesty about your life and your education.
ܵ ‫ܫܬ ܦܝ‬
‫ܫܠ ̇ܗ‬ ܿ ‫ܒܪܢܘ ܵܬܟܝ ܵܩܐ ܿܡ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܪ‬ ܵ ‫ܡܕ‬ ܿ ‫ܥܘ ܵܬܟܝ ܒܘܬ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܒ‬ 4
ܵ ‫ܠܬ ܿܐܝ݂ܟ ܿܡ‬
. ‫ܛܠ ܵܒܟܝ‬ ܵ ‫ܩܘ ܸܒ‬
4: Your request to be the principal of the school was accepted
as you requested.

49
 ̈‫ܠܘܦܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܕܡ ܿܠ‬
ܹܿ̈ ‫ܦܬܟܝ ܵܩܐ ܵܝ‬ ܿ ‫ܪܚܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܢܬܟܝ ܠܦܘܬ ܐܘ‬ ܵ ‫ܚܡ‬ܿ ‫ ܿܬ‬5
ܵ ‫ܵܪ ܵܒܐ ܵܛ ܵܒܐ‬
. ‫ܝܠ ̇ܗ‬
5: Your idea regarding your method of teaching the students is
very good.

ܵ ‫ܘܓܘ ܿܒ‬
‫ܝܬܟܝ‬ ܵ ‫ܠܚ ܵܢܟܝ ܵܓܘ ܿܫܪܝܟܘ ܵܬܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܝܬܟܝ ܵܓܘ ܸܦ‬ ܵ ‫ܪܫ‬
ܵ ‫ܿܫ‬ 6
. ‫ܘܒܬ ܵܥܒܕܝ ܵܟܐܪ ܿܥܠ ܵܨܚܘ ܵܬܟܝ‬
ܸ ‫ܟܟ ܵܚ ܵܠܟܝ‬
̰ ܸ ‫ܸܒܬ ܿܡ‬
6: Very tiring day at your work in company and at your home, you
become weary, exhausted and will affect your health.

ܵ ‫ܠܦ ܵܢܟܝ ܸܥ ܵܠ ܵܝܐ ܵܓܘ ܹ̈ܒܝܬ ܵܨ‬

ܵ ‫ܘܒܐ ܸܒܬ ܵܗ ܹ̈ܘܐ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܝܘ‬
‫ܬܪ ܵܢܐ ܵܩܐ‬ ܵ ‫ ܝܘ‬7
. ‫ܿܕܥܬܝ ܵܕܟܝ‬
7: Your high education at university will benefit you in the future.

ܿ ܿ
‫ܒܝܟܝ ܵܓܘ ܚܠܘ ܵܠܐ ܕܐܚܘܢܟܝ ܐܝܡܢ ܐܢܬܝ‬
݇ ܿ ܵ ܿ ܸ ‫ ܵܐ ܵܢܐ‬8
ܵ ‫ܬܦܩܠܝ‬
. ‫ܝܘܬܝ ݇ܗ ܵܘܐ ܿܥܡ ܵܒ ܵܒܟܝ ܸܘܝ ܵܡܟܝ‬
ܿ ‫ܿܗܡܙܘ ܹ̈ܡܐ‬
8: I met you at your brother’s wedding while you were talking to your
father and mother.
ܿ ‫ܘܝܐ ܩܘܝ ܵܬ‬
. ‫ܒܐ ܵܠ ܵܗܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܝܡܢܘ ܵܬܟܝ ܵܗ‬
ܵ ‫ ܿܗ‬9
9: Your Faith and belief in God should be strong.

50
 ܵ ܵ
Lesson 21 ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
EXAMPLE FOR "‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ "ܬܝ‬
Letters “ ‫ ” ܬܝ‬are written at the ‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ "ܬܝ" ܹ̈ܟܐ ܵܦܝܫܝ‬ ܵ ‫ܵܐ‬
end of the word for second ܵ ‫ܦܪ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܬ ܕ ܿܚ‬
‫ܒܪܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܟܬܝ ̈ܒܐ ܵܓܘ‬
ܿ ܹ̈ ܿ
person Feminine Singular.
ܵ ‫ܪܨܘ ܵܦܐ ܬܪ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ ܸܓ‬
‫ܢܣܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܩܐ ܦ‬
. ‫ܚܕ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܸܢ‬
ܵ ‫ܩܒܬ ܵܢ ܵܝܐ‬

ܿ ܵ
)‫(ܡܠܬ ܒ ܸܩܪ‬
ܸ ‫ܬܝ‬ ܿ
‫ܩܪ‬ ‫ܒ‬ܿ ܵ ‫(ܡ‬
)‫ܠܬ ܵܐ ܸܡܪ‬ ܸ
ܿ
‫ܵܐܡܪܬܝ‬
Baqrat (verb “ask” baqer) Amrat (verb “say” amer)
All verbs are in imperative mood All verbs are in imperative mood
of verb tense (in simple form) of verb tense (in simple form)

ܵ ‫(ܡ‬
ܿ ‫ܠܬ‬ ‫ܬܝ‬‫ܡ‬ܿ ‫ܡܙ‬ ܿ
‫ܗ‬ ܿ ܵ ܿ ܿ
ܸ ‫ܗ ܸܝܪܬܝ‬
)‫ܡܙܡ‬
ܸ ‫ܗ‬ ܸ ܸ )‫(ܡܠܬ ܗ ܸܝܪ‬
Hamzimmat (verb talk) Hayyirat (verb help)
ܿ ܵ ܿ
ܸ ‫ܡܠܦܬܝ‬
)‫(ܡܠܬ ܡ ܸܠܦ‬
ܿ ܵ ܵ
)‫(ܡܠܬ ܝ ܸܠܦ‬
ܿ
ܸ ‫ܵܝܠܦܬܝ‬
Malpat (teach) Yalpat (verb learn)
ܵ ܵ ܿ ܵ
ܸ ‫ܦܠܚܬܝ‬
)‫(ܡܠܬ ܦ ܸܠܚ‬ ܵ ܵ
)‫(ܡܠܬ ܟ ܸܬܒ‬ ܿ
ܸ ‫ܵܟܬܒܬܝ‬
Palkhat (verb work) Katwat (verb write)
ܵ ‫(ܡ‬
)‫ܠܬ ܵܛ ܸܠܒ‬ ܸ
ܿ ܵ
‫ܛܠܒܚ‬ ܿ ܵ ‫(ܡ‬
)‫ܠܬ ܿܨܠܚ‬ ܸ ‫ܿܨ ܿܠܝܬܝ‬
Talbat (verb demand) Salyat (verb pray)

51
 ܵ ‫(ܡ‬
)‫ܠܬ ܵܩ ܹ̈ܪܐ‬ ‫ܬܝ‬ ܿ
‫ܪܝ‬ ‫ܵܩ‬ ܿ ܵ ܿ
ܸ ‫ܓܒܬܝ‬
ܿ
ܸ )‫(ܡܠܬ ܥ ܸ ̰ܓܒ‬ ̰‫ܥ‬
ܵ ܵ ܿ ܵ
Qaryat (verb read) Ajbat (verb wonder, astonish)
ܿ ܵ ܿ ܿ
ܸ ‫ܫܩܠܬܝ‬
)‫(ܡܠܬ ܫ ܸܩܠ‬ )‫ܪܫܐ‬
ܹ̈ ‫ܫ‬ ‫ܠܬ‬‫(ܡ‬
ܸ ‫ܬܝ‬‫ܝ‬ ‫ܪܫ‬
ܸ ‫ܫ‬
Shaqlat (verb shaqel)
ܵ ‫(ܡ‬ ܿ ‫ܵܒ‬ ܵ ‫(ܡ‬ ܿ ܵ
Sharshiyat (verb tire)

)‫ܠܬ ܵܒ ܸܪܟ‬ ܸ ‫ܪܟܬܝ‬ )‫ܠܬ ܵܐ ܸܟܠ‬ ܸ ‫ܐܟܠܬܝ‬

Barkat (verb kneel)
ܵ ‫(ܡ‬ ܿ ܿ ܿ ܵ ܿ ܿ
Akhlat (verb akhel)

)‫ܠܬ ܿܝܗܒܠ‬
ܸ ܸ ‫ܬܝ‬ ‫ܗܒ‬ ‫ܝ‬ ܸ ‫ܒܫܠܬܝ‬
)‫(ܡܠܬ ܒ ܸܫܠ‬
Yahwat (verb give) Bashlat (verb cook)
ܵ ‫(ܡ‬
)‫ܠܬ ܿܨܚܨܘ ܹ̈ܝܐ‬ ܿ ܿ
ܸ ‫ܨܚ ܸܨܝܬܝ‬ ܵ ‫(ܡ‬
)‫ܠܬ ܵܙ ܸܒܢ‬
ܿ
ܸ ‫ܵܙܒܢܬܝ‬
Sakhsiyat (verb examine, search)
ܵ ‫(ܡ‬ ܿ ܵ ܵ ܿ ܿ
Zawnat (verb buy)

)‫ܠܬ ܵܪ ܸܫܡ‬ ܸ ‫ܪܫܡܬܝ‬ ܿ ܸ ‫ܣܩܠܬܝ‬

)‫(ܡܠܬ ܣ ܸܩܠ‬
Rashmat (verb mark, indicate) Saqlat (verb embellish, adorn)

52
 Lesson 22
ܵ
ܵ‫ܕܪܫܐ‬
ܵ ܵ ܵ ܿ
"‫ܢܝܐ ܹ̈ܒܝܠ ܚܒܪܐ ܸ"ܦܬܓܡܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܦܘܪܫܘ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܪܐ ܸ"ܡ ݇ܐ‬
" ‫ܡܪܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܘܚ‬
ܿ
Difference between word “Pitghama”
and word “Meimra”
ܵ ‫ܕܚ ݇ܕ ܸܡ ݇ܐ‬
‫ܡܪܐ‬ ܵ ‫ ܿܚ‬: ‫ܬܓ ܵܡܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܒ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬ ܵ ‫ ܵܩܐ ܿܚ‬:‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܒܪܐ ܸ"ܦ‬
ܵ ‫ܿܗܡܙܘ ܹ̈ܡܐ ܒܘܬ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܸܡܢܕܝ ܐܝ ܵܢܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܕܠܐ ܸܡ‬
. ‫ܠܬ‬
Example for word “Pitghama”: A phrase combined of words forming
an expression by themselves without a verb.

Example for “Pitghama”

ܵ ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܸ"ܦ‬
‫ܬܓ ܵܡܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܘܫܦܝ ܵܪܐ ̣ܡܢ‬
‫ܬܠ ݇ܬ ܵܬ ܵܒ ܹ̈ ̈ܩܐ‬ ܿ ‫ܢܝ ܵܢܐ ܓܘ ܵܪܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܸܒ‬
)‫ܠܬ‬ ܵ "‫ܩܠܬ‬
ܵ ‫(ܕܠܐ ܸܡ‬ ܵ ‫ܗܪܐ "ܕ‬
ܵ ‫ܠܢ‬ ܿ ‫ܪܒܐ‬ܵ ‫ܩܘ‬
ܸ
A big and beautiful building of three story
near “Diklat” river (without a verb)
Example for “Meimra”
ܵ ‫ܛܘܦ ܵܣܐ ܵܩܐ ܸܡ ݇ܐ‬
‫ܡܪܐ‬
ܿ ‫ܒܢ ݇ܐ ܿܠܢ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܸܒܢ ܵܝ ܵܢܐ ܓܘ ܵܪܐ‬
ܵ ‫ܘܫܦܝ ܵܪܐ ̣ܡܢ‬
̈‫ܬܠ ݇ܬ ܵܬ ܵܒ ܹ̈ܩܐ‬ ܹ̈ ‫ܚܢܢ‬ ܿ ‫ܿܐ‬
‫ܚܕܐ ܿܫܪܝܟܘ ܵܬܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܩܠܬ" ܘܙܘ ܸܒ ܿܢܢ ܵܩܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܗܪܐ "ܕ‬
ܵ ‫ܠܢ‬ܿ ‫ܪܒܐ‬ ܵ ‫ܩܘ‬
ܸ ܿ
ܵ ‫ܕܬܓܝܪܘ ܵܬܐ(ܥܡ ܸܡ‬
ܵ ‫ܠܬ ܵܒ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬
(with verb build and sell) ‫ܘܙ ܸܒܢ‬
̰ܵ
We built a big and beautiful building of three story near river “Dijlat”
and sold it to a business company ( with verb build and sell).

53
 ‫‪For reading‬‬
‫ܩܪ ܵ‬
‫ܝܬ‬ ‫ܵܩܐ ܵ‬
‫ܗܝܝܘ ܿܬܢ‪ܵ .‬ܘܠܝ ܿܬܢ‬ ‫ܡܙܐ ܕܐܝܬܘ ܿܬܢ ܿܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܠܗ ܸܪ ܵ‬ ‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ ܹ̈‬ ‫ܸܠ ܵܫ ܿܢܢ ܵܐ ܿ‬
‫ܕܝܘܡ‬ ‫ܠܦܚ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܿܢܢ ܵܩܐ ܝܘ ܵܒ ܹ̈ ̈ܠܐ ܸܕܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܘܡ ܿ‬ ‫ܠܦܚ ܿ‬ ‫ܝܠ ̇ܗ ܵܝ ܿ‬ ‫ܸܐܕܝ ܿܘܡ ܵ‬
‫ܘܝܘܒ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܕܥܬܝܕ )‪(Generation of today and of the future‬‬
‫ܵ ̈ ܿ‬
‫ܢܛܪܐܵ‬ ‫ܢܬ ܸܠ ܵ‬ ‫ܠܝ ܵ‬ ‫ܝܠ ̇ܗ ܿܡ ܿ‬ ‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ ‪ ،‬ܠܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܿ ܿ ܵ ܿܵ ܵܿ‬
‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܒܠܫܢܐ ܐ‬ ‫ܗܡܙܡܬ ܕܐܒܗܬܢ ܸ‬
‫ܙܥܘ ܹ̈ܪܐ‬ ‫ܒܢ ܿܬܢ ܿ‬ ‫ܒܢܘ ܿܢܢ ܿܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܸܠ ܵܫ ܿܢܢ ܵܣ ܵܒܒ ܒܘ ܵܫܝܘ ܵܬܐ ܿܕ ܿ‬
‫̈‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܝܡ ̈‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫̈ ܿ ܿ ̈ ܿ ܿ‬
‫̈ܪܝܐ‬ ‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܟ‬ ‫ܢܘ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܢ‬ ‫ܸ ܹ̈‬‫ܫ‬ ‫ܒܠ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܝܢ‬ ‫ܐ‬ ‫ܡ‬ ‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܡܙܘ‬ ‫ܗ‬ ‫ܬ‬‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܥܠ‬ ‫ܝܡܐ ܘ‬ ‫ܒܫ ܹ̈ܢܐ ܘܥܠ ܹ̈‬ ‫ܸ‬
‫̈ܪܝܐ ܸܒܬ ܵܗܘܝ‬ ‫ܕܟܐ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܹ̈ ̈ܢܐ ܕܢܘܟ ܹ̈‬ ‫ܘܗ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܓܠܘ ܵܬܐ ‪ܿ .‬‬ ‫ܬܪ ܵܘ ܹ̈ܬܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܵܓܘ ܿܐ ܵ‬
‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܵܩܬܝܗܝ ܸܠܫܢܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܘ ܸܠܫܢܐ ܐܫܘܪܝܐ ܸܒܬ ܦ ܸܐܫ ܸܒܢܘܠܐ (ܒܨܪܐ)‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫݇‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܘܬܦܘ ܵܝ ܹ̈̈ܬ ܘܥܘܡ̈ܪ ܹ̈ܢܐ‬ ‫ܘܫ ܵ‬ ‫ܬܐ ܹ̈̈ܣܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܐ ܵܗܐ ‪ܵ ،‬ܘܠܝ ܵܬ ܕܫܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܠܦܘܬ ܵ‬
‫ܕܪ ܵ‬
‫ܫܝ ܹ̈ܬ‬ ‫ܟܡܐ ܸܣܕ ܹ̈ܪܐ ܿܝܢ ܿܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܬܐܣܝ ܿܚ ݇ܕ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܫ ܸ‬ ‫ܕܝܘܚ ܸܒ ܵܚ ܵܝܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܝܟܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܿܐ ܵ‬
‫̈‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܫܡ ܹ̈ܝܐ ܐܦ ܸܐ ܢ ܗܘܝ ܩܐ ܚܕܟܡܐ ܣܥ ܹ̈ܬ ܘܝܘܡ ܹ̈ܢܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫݇‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܪܘ ܵ‬
‫ܪܚܐ ܘ ܹ̈ܪ ݇ܐ ܵܙܐ‬ ‫ܠܘ ̈ܦܐ ܡܗܝ̈ܪܐ ‪ܵ ،‬ܦܝܫܝ ܡܘ ̈‬
‫ܠܦܐ ܐܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܹ̈‬ ‫ܘܡܢ ܵܐܢܝ ܵܝ ܿ ܹ̈‬ ‫̣‬
‫ܠܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܦܐ ܸܒܬ ܵܙܝܕܝ ܘ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܵܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܕܡܠ ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ ܸܒܬ‬ ‫ܕܝ ܿ‬ ‫ܢܝ ܵܢܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܟܐ ܸܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܦܬ‪ܿ .‬ܗ ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܦܠ ܵܚܐ ܿܘܢܛܝ ܵܪܐ ܿܘܦܪܝ ܵܣܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܵܦ ܸܐܫ ܡܘ ܸ‬

‫ܢܣܐ ܵܐ ܿ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܕܝܘܚ ̣ܡܢ ܸܓ ܵ‬ ‫ܫܬܒ ܸܗ ܿܪܚ ܿ‬ ‫ܿܐܡܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ ܵ‬
‫ܝܬ ܿܘܡܕܝ ܵܢܝܘܬܐܵ‬ ‫ܕܡܪܕܘ ܵܬܐ ݇ܐ ܵܢ ܵܫ ܵ‬
‫ܬܐ ܵܣ ܹ̈ ̈ܢܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫̈‬ ‫ܿܵ ܵܿ‬
‫ܐܒܗܬܢ ܐܫܘܪ ܹ̈ܝܐ ܝܢܐ ܫ ܸ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪54‬‬
 ‫ܩܬ ܵ‬
‫ܕܟܬ ܵܒܐ ‪،‬‬ ‫ܦܪ ܵ‬ ‫ܚܙ ݇ܐܡܘܢ ܵ‬
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܿܩ ݇ܕ ܵܡ ܵܝܐ ‪ܵ ،‬ܓܘ ܵ‬
‫ܹ̈‬
‫ܬܘ ܹ̈ ̈ܬܐ ܕ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܵܐ ܿ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܒܘܬ ܿܬܫܥܝ ܵܬ ܵ‬
‫ܕܐ ܵ‬

‫̈ ܿ ̈‬ ‫̈‬
‫ܒܝܐ (ܡܬ ܹ̈ܠܐ)‬ ‫ܩܪܝ ܿܚ ݇ܕܟ ܵܡܐ ܠܘ ܵܩ ܹ̈ܛܐ ܡܓܘ ܹ̈‬
‫"ܕܐܚܝ ܿܩܪ ܿܚܟܝ ܵܡܐ" ܵܩܐ ܿ‬
‫ܒܪܘ ܹ̈ܢܗ‪.‬‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪ ܵܝܐ ܿܣܢܚܝܪܝܒ)‬ ‫ܠܟܐ ܵܐ ܿ‬
‫ܕܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܗܘܐ ܵܣ ܵ‬
‫ܦܪܐ ܿ‬ ‫( ܿܐܚܝ ܿܩܪ ܝ ܵ‬
‫) ܩ‪ .‬ܡ‪( 704 – 681 B.C. .‬‬
‫”‪Read some Parables and Proverbs of “Akhiqar the wise‬‬
‫‪to his son. (“Akhiqar” was a writer for the Assyrian king‬‬
‫)‪Sennacherib) (704 - 681 B.C.‬‬
‫ܒܪܘܢܝ ‪:‬‬‫ܿ‬
‫ܿ‬
‫ܒܗܘ ܸܡܢܕܝ ܕܐܝܬܠܘ݂ܟ‪:‬‬ ‫ܘܡ ܵܝܐ ܿܘ ̇‬ ‫ܒܠܚܡܘ݂ܟ ܵܝ ܵ‬ ‫*ܗܘܝ ܵܪܙܝ‬
‫ܒܡܢܕܝ ݇ܕܐ ܸܚ ݇ܪ ܹ̈̈ܢܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܘܠܐ ܿܒ ܸܚ ܸܠܬ ܸ‬
‫ܒܢ ̈ܝ ܵܢ ܵܫܐ ‪ܵ :‬ܣ ܵܒܒ‬ ‫ܬܪܐ ‪ܵ :‬ܠܐ ܿܡܚܙܬ ܵܪܡܘ ܵܬܐ ܵܓܘ ܿ‬ ‫*ܐ ܢ ܵܩ ܸܢܬ ܥܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܸ‬
‫ܸ‬
‫ܕܪ ܵܒܐ ݇ܐ ܵܢ ܹ̈ ̈ܫܐ ‪.‬‬
‫ܨܚ ܵܪܐ ܵ‬
‫ܘܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܚܟܐ ܿ‬ ‫ܦܠܬ ܸܒܬ ܵܗ ܸܘܬ ܸܓ ܵ‬ ‫ܸܐ ܢ ܵܢ ܸ‬
‫ܚܕܐ ܵܓ ܹ̈ܗܐ ܡܘ ݇ ̰ܫ ܵܟܐ ܿܕ ܵܓ ܵܠܐ‬ ‫*ܠܐ ܵܗ ܸܘܬ ܿܕ ܵܓ ܵܠܐ ‪ܵ :‬ܣ ܵܒܒ ܸܐ ܢ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫̈ ܿ ܵ̈‬
‫ܙܡܢܘ݂ܟ ܿܫܪܝ ܹ̈̈ܪܐ ܸܒܬ ܵܦܝܫـܝ ܡܚܘ ̰ܫ ܸܒ ܹ̈ܢܐ ܕܓ ܹ̈ܠܐ‬ ‫ܵܐܦ ܸܗ ܸܡ ܵ‬
‫ܝܡܢ ܒܝܘ݂ܟ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܡܗ ܸ‬‫ܘܗ̰ܟ ݇ܐ ܵܢ ܵܫܐ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܿ‬‫ܸ‬
‫ܕܓ ܹ̈ܢܗ ‪ܸ :‬ܒܬ ܿܛ ܸܠܩ‬ ‫ܒܚ ݇ܕ ܸܡܢܕܝ ܕ ܹ̈ܠܐ ܝ ܹ̈ܠܗ ܵ‬ ‫ܡܒ ܸܚܠ ܿ‬ ‫*ܗܘ ܿܕ ܿ‬ ‫̇‬
‫ܠܡܢܕܝ ܵ‬
‫ܕܓ ܹ̈ܢܗ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܵܐܦ ܸ‬
‫ܚܠܐ ܵܠܐ ܵܗ ܸܘܬ ܿܚܟܝ ܵܡܐ‪.‬‬ ‫ܘܥܡ ܿܣ ܵ‬ ‫ܚܠܐ ‪ܿ :‬‬ ‫*ܥܡ ܿܚܟܝ ܵܡܐ ܵܠܐ ܵܗ ܸܘܬ ܿܣ ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬
‫‪55‬‬
 ‫ܕܐ ܵܗܐ ܵ‬
‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ‪.‬‬ ‫ܬܪ ܵܢܐ ̣ܡܢ ܵ‬ ‫ܩܢ ݇ܐ ܵܠܘܟ ܿܘܢ ܝܘ ܵ‬ ‫ܐܝܬܠܝ ܿܣܒ ܵܪܐ ܹ̈‬
‫ܬܘܢ ܵ‬
‫ܕܪ ܹ̈ ̈ܫܐ‬ ‫ܘܩ ܹ̈ܪ ݇ܐ ܿ‬
‫ܝܬ ܵ‬ ‫ܬܢ ܵ‬‫ܬܘܢ ܿ‬ ‫ܝܘܢ ܿܐܡܝ ܵܢܐܝܬ ܵܥܒܕܝ ܿ‬ ‫ܿܡܚܫܘ ܹ̈ܚܐ ܸ‬
‫ܘܩܐ ܕ ܵܗ ܹ̈ܘ ݇ܐ ܵܠܘܟ ܿܘܢ‬ ‫ܬܘܢ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܠܐ ܿܡܢܫܝ ܿ‬ ‫ܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܵܩܐ ܵ‬
‫ܕܐ ܵܗܐ ܵ‬
‫ܵ‬
‫ܕܝܠܦܝ ܿ‬
‫ܬܘܢ‬ ‫ܨܝ ܹ̈ܢܐ ܵܩܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܬܡ ܵ‬ ‫ܕܗ ܹ̈ܘ ݇ܐ ܿ‬
‫ܬܘܢ ܸܡ ܿ‬ ‫ܥܬ ܵܩܐ ܵ‬‫ܨܦܝـܝ ܝܕ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬
‫ܸ‬
‫ܕܟܬ ܵܒܐ ܬܠܝ ܵܬ ܵܝܐ ‪.‬‬
‫ܕܪ ܹ̈ܫܐ ܵ‬ ‫ܵ‬

‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵ‬ ‫ܿ‬ ‫ܵܐ ܵܗܐ ܸܡ ݇ܐ ܵ‬

‫ܡܪܐ ܵܗ ܹ̈ܘܐ ܐܡܝܢܐܝܬ ܓܘ ܬܚܡܢܬܘܟܘܢ ‪:‬‬
‫ܵ‬
‫ܘܡܠܦܘܢ ܸܠ ܵܫ ܵܢܐ ܵܐ ܿ‬
‫ܫܘ ܵܪܝܐܵ‬ ‫ܠܘܦܘܢ ܿ‬
‫݇ܝ ܿ‬
‫‪Learn and teach the Assyrian Language‬‬

‫‪The end‬‬ ‫ܫܘ ܵܠܡܐܵ‬

‫‪56‬‬
57