DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

College of Agriculture and Food Science

Visayas State University
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte 6521-A, Philippines

AnSc 22
INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION

Name : Angel B. Ilo Rating :

Lab. Schedule: Wednesday(1:00-4:00) Date Submitted:

Exercise No. 9
Housing Facilities for Ruminants

I. Half-enclosed shed-
provides partial
protection from the
elements, with one
or Introduction
Ruminant housing facilities are a crucial component of animal husbandry.
The health and welfare of the animals, as well as optimum output and profitability,
depend on having suitable housing facilities. Ruminant housing options might vary
depending on the type, breed, and farming method. They can be created to satisfy
the particular requirements of the animals and the environment and can range in
complexity from straightforward shelters to intricate barns. Designing ruminant
housing facilities should take ventilation, temperature regulation, lighting, flooring,
and space requirements into account. Maintaining adequate air quality and lowering
the risk of respiratory disorders require proper ventilation. For the animals' welfare
and to avoid heat exhaustion or hypothermia, temperature management is crucial.
To encourage the animals' natural behavior and reproductive cycles, good
illumination is crucial. To avoid accidents and maintain cleanliness, the flooring
should be non-slip and simple to clean. The promotion of good wellbeing and the
avoidance of overpopulation, which can result in stress, illness, and subpar
productivity, depend on having enough space. Overall, it is crucial to provide
ruminants with appropriate living facilities in order to ensure their health and welfare,
encourage maximum productivity, and preserve sustainable and successful
agricultural techniques.

II. Objectives
1. To be oriented on the different large and small ruminant housing facilities.
2. To know the criteria to consider in selecting the proper location and type
of housing for ruminant farming.

III. Methodology
3. Actual visit to the DAS Goat and Sheep Project for ocular visit and inspection.
 4. The student will assess the DAS Goat and Sheep Project based on the
criteria needed to consider in constructing a ruminant animal housing.
IV. Activities
See separate page for the activity sheet. You are required to submit the activity sheet at the
end of the class.

V. Questions to answer:
5. Based on the Philippine National Standards (PNS 01-4:199) for dairy cattle
housing, what are the important criteria in selecting the location of a dairy
farm?
The Philippine National Standards (PNS 01-4:199) for dairy cattle housing provides guidelines for the design
and construction of dairy cattle housing facilities in the Philippines. According to the standard, the
following are important criteria in selecting the location of a dairy farm:

 Accessibility to markets: The dairy farm should be located in an area that is accessible to
markets where the milk can be sold.

 Availability of water: The dairy farm should have access to a reliable and sufficient supply of
water for the animals and for cleaning and sanitation purposes.

 Availability of feed: The dairy farm should be located in an area where there is a reliable and
sufficient supply of high-quality feed for the animals.

 Climate: The climate of the area should be suitable for dairy cattle, with temperatures
ranging from 10 to 30 degrees Celsius and relative humidity below 80%.

 Soil quality: The soil in the area should be suitable for the construction of dairy cattle
housing facilities and the cultivation of forage crops for the animals.

 Availability of labor: The dairy farm should be located in an area where there is a sufficient
supply of skilled labor for the care and management of the animals.

 Environmental factors: The dairy farm should be located in an area where there is minimal risk of
environmental pollution or contamination of the milk.

6. What are the different type of goat and sheep housing in accordance to
the Philippine national standards? Explain each.
The different type of goat and sheep housing in accordance to the Philippine
national standards are :

 Shed type- is commonly used for animals such as goats, sheep, and cattle, as it provides protection
from the elements while still allowing for natural ventilation. The open sides of the shed allow for
fresh air to circulate, reducing the risk of respiratory diseases and improving the animals' overall
health. The roof provides shade from the sun and protection from rain or snow.
 Pen-barn type: Stall barns- a stall barn is a housing facility for goats and sheep that provides
individual stalls for each animal. It is suitable for high-value animals that require individual attention
and care. The stalls should be spacious enough to allow the animals to move around freely, with a
solid floor and good ventilation.
 Confined housing – is often used in intensive animal agriculture, where large numbers of animals are
 raised in a small area to maximize productivity and profitability. In confined housing, the animals are
kept indoors for most or all of their lives, with limited access to natural light, fresh air, and space to
move around.
 two sides enclosed and the other sides open. It is suitable for areas with moderate to heavy rainfall.
The floor can be made of compacted earth, concrete, or gravel.
 Enclosed shed- An enclosed shed provides full protection from the elements, with all sides enclosed.
It is suitable for areas with heavy rainfall or extreme temperatures. The floor can be made of
concrete, with a drainage system to prevent flooding.
 Feedlot: - is a specialized housing facility for goats and sheep that are raised for meat production. It
consists of a fenced area with a feeding trough and a water source. The animals are kept in the feedlot
until they reach the desired weight for slaughter.

II. References (Cite your references properly)

Merrill, W.G. and W.W. Irish, Design and Management
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/southwestern-university-phinma/doctor-of-
dental-medicine/407-1-lecture-notes/44732677 Considerations for Free-Stalls for
Dairy Cows, Facilities and Equipment, 1989