A Thesis Paper Presented to the Faculty of the School of Graduate Studies of Western

Colleges, Inc. Naic, Cavite

In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Master of Arts in Education major in Administration
& Supervision

Emma Joy P. Paglinawan

June 2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled _______________ prepared and submitted by ______ in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education Major
in _____, has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for
Oral Examination.

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of _____ on ____

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Arts in Education major in Administration & Supervision.

Comprehensive Examinations passed on ___________.

Abner V. Pineda, PhD, EdD, DPA, DBA

Dean, School of Graduate Studies
Title :
Researcher :
Adviser :
School :
Degree :
Date of Completion :

ABSTRACT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page
Approval Sheet
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
INTRODUCTION
METHOD
Initial Stage
Final Stage
RESULTS
Development Stage
Conduct of Exploratory Factor Analysis
Final Results
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix
A. Letter to the Schools Division Superintendent
B. Informed Consent Form
C. Copy of the First Draft of the Instrument
D. Matrix for Development and Validations of the Proposed Instrument on ______
E. Copy for the Instrument Validators
F. Content Validity Index Results
G. Table
H. Figures
I. Semi – Final Draft of the Developed and Validated Instrument :
J. Copy of the Final Instrument
K. Certificate of PlagScan Review (Revised Final Manuscript)
L. Researcher’s Curriculum Vitae
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title/Description Page

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title/Description Page

 INTRODUCTION

Overweight and obesity is defined not normal accumulation and excessive fats
comparing the age and body mass index. A BMI over 25 is considered overweight and
30 or more is obese.
Sweet cravings and unhealthy food is real struggle. Ensuring regular healthy diet
and physical activity can be quite difficult task for every parents and healthcare provider
nowadays for some unavoidable reason, whether due to cost , the taste, availability and
accessibility or other factor, favorite chips or cookies or a slice of cake or piece of donut
instead of nutritious meal or sandwich.
Children in the Philippines are increasingly becoming overweight and obese.
Results from the Expanded National Nutrition Survey conducted by the country’s
Department of Science and Technology – Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)
in 2019 reported that nearly one in 10 children, aged 5 to 10 years old and 10 to 19
years old respectively, are considered to be overweight.
Children with who considered obese are more prone to life threatening and
communicable illness like diabetes, cancer, kidney failure and heart disease.
Given the dramatic increase in adolescent overweight and obesity, models are
needed for implementing weight management treatment through readily accessible
venues. We evaluated the acceptability and efficacy of a school-based intervention
consisting of school nurse-delivered counseling and an after school exercise program in
improving diet, activity, and body mass index (BMI) among overweight and obese
adolescents.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
A pair-matched cluster-randomized controlled school-based trial was conducted
in which 8 public high schools were randomized to either a 12-session school nurse-
delivered cognitive-behavioral counseling intervention plus school-based after school
exercise program, or 12-session nurse contact with weight management information
(control). Overweight or obese adolescents (N = 126) completed anthropometric and
behavioral assessments at baseline and 8-month follow-up. Main outcome measures
included diet, activity, and BMI. Mixed effects regression models were conducted to
examine differences at follow-up.
Adolescent overweight and obesity have increased dramatically in recent
decades, with 34% of adolescents currently overweight or obese.1 Adolescent obesity
has negative physical and mental health consequences,2–4 and is strongly linked with
obesity during adulthood.5 Adolescence provides an opportunity to promote healthy
lifestyles affecting physical and psychosocial outcomes during adolescence and into
adulthood, yet adolescent obesity has been understudied compared with adults and
preadolescents.6 One systematic review7 found that comprehensive behavioral
interventions including diet and physical activity counseling and behavioral management
training8 are efficacious for decreasing youth body mass index (BMI), but they were
focused on preadolescents and conducted in specialty clinics with limited access by
youth.7
Models for implementing expert recommendations for weight management
interventions9 with adolescents require development and testing. The school A pair-
matched cluster-randomized controlled school-based trial was conducted with a
convenience sample of 8 public high schools in Massachusetts. The total student
enrollment at these schools ranged from 673 to 1467; the student populations were
predominately white (61.8% to 94.4%) in 7 schools, and Hispanic (42.7%) in 1 school.
The percent of students considered low income ranged from 5.7% to 59.7%. Schools
were pair matched on enrollment, and 1 school from each pair was randomly assigned
to the intervention or control condition. Data were collected from September 2012 to
June 2013. Clinical Trial Registration # NCT01463124.
Adolescents in grades 9 to 12 were eligible to participate if they had a BMI ≥ 85th
percentile for age and sex, provided assent and had parental consent, and had at least
1 English-speaking parent. Exclusions included plans to move out of the area; a medical
condition that precluded adherence to the intervention;

RESULTS
(This part includes the answer/s found for the research questions / findings of the
study and whether the tested hypothesis/es are / were true or not.)

DISCUSSION
The study found out that implementing school based program or intervention like
school nurse counseling and availability of after school physical activity such as physical
exercise, engaging in sports can help the learner’s improve their health condition and be
more serious in more healthy discipline. However, it did not have substantial effect in
body mass index, other measures of body size or essential obesity-related behaviors.
The school nurse counseling is both realistic and acceptable to overweight and obese
adolescence. On the other hand the after school fitness program faced problems in
terms of acceptance and efficacy. More or less only one-fourth of the student are willing
to attend the program but actually 15-20 percent of them really do it, and 3 out of 4
students did not attend any of the program during the school year. Assignments and
group activities after school hour were the biggest hindrance or reason behind the
problem.
 The high prevalence of physical inactivity must be addressed in every campus
and community by developing and evaluating physical activity policies, particularly in
most private schools in the Philippines . Physical activity is well acknowledged to play
an important role in preventing obesity and maintaining a healthy weight, but not
physical activity alone instead the consistent and intentional monitoring of effective
program as well. The review's findings are critical for policymakers, school leaders, and
the government as they work to minimize the prevalence of physical inactivity among
teenagers, which has lately increased due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
The Strength and limitations
Due to the limitation of respondents the findings of this study springboard to
possible adjustments that may facilitate effective adolescent obesity interventions and
directions for future research. Nonetheless, the findings of this study are limited by the
inclusion and exclusion criteria. Some obesity intervention programs targeting
adolescents were excluded because they were not implemented in a school setting. The
study was also limited to a small private school context. Finally, by limiting included
articles to those published in peer-reviewed journals, we may have missed other high-
quality studies that are published in non-peer-reviewed journals.

Conclusion

Interventions that combine physical activity and nutritional outcomes, or physical

activity with a theoretical framework included into the intervention design, are far more
promising. It is uncertain whether intervention duration affects intervention efficacy.
Furthermore, research on intervention studies, perceptions of school stakeholders on
adolescent obesity interventions, and barriers and enablers to intervention
implementation in schools and community is required to combat the adolescent obesity
epidemic and achieve long-term sustainability. A louder voice from school administrator,
Academic policy maker and the media is critical in reducing the prevalence of
adolescent obesity following the implementation of the Covid-19 limitations.
REFERENCES :
1. DOH Adolescent Health and Development Program (MANUAL OF
OPERATIONS),
https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/WHO_DOH_2017_12082017_full.pdf

2. DOH Philippine Agenda 2016-2022, Healthy Philippines 2022,

https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/Philippine%20Health
%20Agenda_Dec1_1.pdf

3. World Health Organization. Obesity and Overweight: WHO. 2020. Available

online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-
overweight (accessed on 24 October 2020).

4. Chen, J.-L.; Wilkosz, M.E. Efficacy of technology-based interventions for obesity

prevention in adolescents: A systematic review. Adolesc. Health Med.
Ther. 2014, 5, 159. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]

5. Sobol-Goldberg, S.; Rabinowitz, J.; Gross, R. School-based obesity prevention

programs: A meta- analysis of randomized controlled trials. 
Obesity 2013, 21, 2422–2428. [Google Scholar]
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

LETTER ASKING PERMISSION

Ma’am:
Greetings of Love, Peace & Respect!
The undersigned is presently on the last stage of her Master of Arts in Education
major in Special Education. She / He is conducting a research entitled
________________________________________________________.

In order for the researcher to finish the said paper, a survey questionnaire has to
be floated to the respondents.

In this regard, may the researcher seek your approval for the conduct of the
study at (your school).
 The researcher conveys his/her utmost gratitude for the support you accord to
him / her with regard to his / her study.

Respectfully yours,

Noted By : (Your Name)

Student – Researcher

Dr. Abner V. Pineda

Dean

LETTER TO THE PARTICIPANTS / RESPONDENTS

Dear __________:

Greetings of Love, Peace & Respect !

The undersigned is presently on the last stage of her Master of Arts in Education
Major in Special Education. She is conducting a research entitled ____
_____________________________________________________________.

In order for the researcher to finish the said paper, a survey questionnaire has to
be floated.
 In this regard, may the researcher seek your ample time to answer the attached
survey.
The researcher conveys her utmost gratitude for the support you accord to her
with regards to her study.

Respectfully yours,

(Your name)
Student – Researcher
Appendix D

MATRIX FOR DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATIONS OF (title)

Part l. Profile of the obese / overweight pupils in terms of :

1.1 Name ______________________________________________ (optional)

1.2 Grade and Section :
1.3 Socio economic Status

Part ll. This set of questions is about your children’s eating habits and physical
activity. The first few questions ask about food, and the rest of the questions
should be answered for each of the children in your household. Your
participation in this survey is voluntary and all answers will be kept confidential.
If there is a question that you do not wish to answer, you can skip it and move on
to the next question. We are hoping that the information we get from this survey
will help us understand the eating behaviors of children in our community.

Thank you for completing this survey.

Please indicate whether you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat

disagree, or strongly disagree with the following statements:

2.1 Some people are born to be fat and some thin; there is not much you can do
to change this.

01 Strongly agree; 02 Somewhat agree; 03 Somewhat disagree; 04 Strongly disagree

2.2 What you eat can make a big difference in your chance of getting a disease,
like heart disease or cancer.

01 Strongly agree; 02 Somewhat agree; 03 Somewhat disagree; 04 Strongly disagree

2.3 When you buy food, how important is each of the following?

2.3.1 How safe the food is to eat ?

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Not at all important

2.3.2 Nutrition (how healthy the food is)

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Not at all important

2.3.3 Price?

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Not at all important

2.3.4 How well the food keeps ?

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Not at all important

2.3.5 How easy the food is to prepare ?

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Not at all important

2.3.6 Taste (whether child likes the food ?

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Not at all important

2.4 In your opinion, how important are the following things are to a child’s
present and future health?

2.4.1 What a child eats :

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Don’t know

2.4.2 How much a child eats :

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Don’t know

2.4.2 How much exercise a child gets :

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Don’t know

2.4.3 What the child weighs :

01 Very important; 02 Somewhat important; 03 Not too important; 04 Don’t know

2.5 Please answer the following questions for each of your children:

Child 1 Child 2 Child 3 Child 4

2.5.1 Sex
01 Male
02 Female

2.5.2 Age

2.5.3 Height :
(in feet & inches)

2.5.4 Weight :
(in pounds)

2.5.5 Not counting juice, how often do your children ages 2 and over eat fruit on an
average day?

01 Never or rarely; 02 helping; 03 Don’t know/ not sure

01 Never or rarely

2.5.5 On an average day, how often does each child eat vegetables? (Includes
vegetable salad..)
01 Never or rarely; 02 helping; 03 Don’t know/ not sure

2.5.6 How many times a week does each child eat fast food (McDonalds, Wendy’s,
Taco Bell, etc.)

01 Never or rarely ; 02 1-2 times; 03 3-4 times; 04 5 or more times; 05 Don’t know/ not
sure

2.5.7 How many sodas per week does each child drink ?
01 Never or rarely; 02 1-4 sodas; 03 5-7 sodas; 04 8 or more sodas; 05 Don’t know/ not
sure
2.5.8 How many times per week does each child play or exercise enough to make
him/her sweat and breathe hard for 20 or more minutes?

01 Never or rarely; 02 1-2 times; 03 3-4 times; 04 5 or more times; 05 Don’t know/ not
sure
2.5.9 How would you describe each child’s weight?

01 Very underweight; 02 Slightly underweight ; 03 About the right weight; 04 Slightly

overweight; 05 Very overweight

2.5.10 About how many hours do you estimate each of your children sit and watch TV or
videos on an average school day?

01 Less than 1 hour; 02 1-2 hours; 03 3-4 hours; 04 5 or more hrs; 05 None; 06 Don’t
know

Appendix E

COPY FOR THE INSTRUMENT VALIDATORS

Dear Validator :
Greetings of Love, Peace & Respect !
Kindy evaluate the items enumerated that are grounded from my review of
related literature and studies according to the relevance to the research objectives and
its language proficiency to elicit reliable responses.
The research objective is grounded on the definition of the terms indicated prior
to each evaluation table.
Please use the scoring scale below and indicates the necessary remarks
thereafter.

Appendix F
CONTENT VALIDITY INDEX RESULTS
Appendix G
 TABLE
Appendix H

Figures
Appendix I

SEMI – FINAL DRAFT OF THE DEVELOPED AND VLIDATED INSTRUMENT

Appendix J

Copy of the Final Instrument

Appendix K

Certificate of Plag Scan Review (Revised Final Manuscript)

Appendix L
Researcher’s Curriculum Vitae
INSTRUCTION :
1. I provided the introduction, methods & procedures, survey questionnaire and the
review of related literature and the data;

2. What you should do is to insert the RRLS into the introduction (50 %) and the
other 50 % under discussion. Instead of supplying you the authors/researchers, u
are asked to find your own RRLS.

3. If you think there is a need to improved the parts provided you may do so but be
sure that the additional information is in congruence with the paper;

4. It has to be in a thesis paper of the college which is also uploaded in the GC;

5. There is a need to re – encode the RRLS to be able to insert it properly to the

designated parts of the paper; and

6. I hope there will be no further questions after providing you all the things that you
should do including the deadline and hardcopy which you should submit either
via courier or personal on / or before June 15, 2023 (before the office closes at 3
PM, which is the curfew in Latoria, Naic). For those who will send via courier :

DR. ABNER V. PINEDA

Dean
Western Colleges, Inc.
Barangay Latoria, Naic, Cavite
Tel. 0919 911 5648 / 0915 805 2418