Received: 16 May 2020 Revised: 6 January 2021 Accepted: 9 January 2021

DOI: 10.1002/gj.4087

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Redox series assessment, petrogenetic, and geodynamic

appraisal of Neoarchean granites from the Bundelkhand
Craton, Central India: Constraints from phase petrology and
bulk rock geochemistry

Gajender Kumar1 | Santosh Kumar1 | Mekala Ram Mohan2

1
Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced
Study, Kumaun University, Nainital, India
2
CSIR-National Geophysical Research
Institute, Hyderabad, India
Correspondence
Santosh Kumar, Department of Geology,
Centre of Advanced Study, Kumaun
University, Nainital 263001, India.
Email: skyadavan@yahoo.com
Funding information
University Grants Commission, Grant/Award
Number: 40-294/2011-SR
Handling Editor: N.V. Chalapathi Rao
Based on field relationships, microstructure, phase petrology, and whole-rock ele-
mental geochemistry, we have unravelled the redox conditions and petrogenetic evo-
lution of Neoarchean granites (sensu lato) from the central part of the Bundelkhand
Craton, Central India. The studied Neoarchean granites are sanukitoids (sensu lato),
high-K, low-magnesian granites (HKLMG), and oxidized A-type granites (OAG).
Chemistry of biotite in conjunction with amphibole compositions from sanukitoids
indicates their crystallization in calc-alkaline felsic host magma formed in a subduc-
tion setting at elevated fugacity of oxygen (fO2), buffered at +2 fayalite-magnetite-
quartz (FMQ), corresponding to magnetite series granite. Chemistry of biotite and
amphiboles from HKLMG suggests that host melts of these phases buffered above
+1 FMQ, that is, moderate fO2 condition corresponding to magnetite series granites.
The nature of the HKLMG magma is peraluminous to alkaline which originated at a
relatively high-P condition. The biotites from OAG exhibit pronounced Al-Fe substi-
tution buffered above +0.5 FMQ to represent oxidized A-type host granite magma,
belonging to magnetite series granite. The sanukitoids bear high ferromagnesian
minerals (FeOt + MgO + MnO + TiO2 (FMMT) >4.5; Mg# = 28–45), and enriched
incompatible elements without significant Eu anomalies, probably originated from
melt-enriched mantle source in a subduction setting. The HKLMG are characterized
by relatively low Mg#, TiO2, high K-LILEs-REEs with negative Eu anomalies, and high
Th/Nb, Ce/Pb, and La/Nb ratios, which suggest mixed source signatures, derived
from the enriched mantle and continental crust. A-type granites (OAG) bear high NK/
A (molar Na2O + K2O/Al2O3
1.17), FeOt/MgO, K2O/Na2O, Ga/Al, and Ce–Y,
which indicate the emplacement of OAG magmas in syn- to post-collisional tectonic
environments. Thus, the Neoarchean granites from the Bundelkhand Craton repre-
sent a collage of subduction related sanukitoids to high-K magnesian granites, and
syn- to post-collisional oxidized A-type granites.

KEYWORDS
Bundelkhand Craton, Central India, geochemistry, granites, Neoarchean, petrology, redox
series

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