‫اﻟﺤﻠﻘﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮرس اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ‪..

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‫اوﻻ ‪ :‬ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ ب ﻓﻌﻞ او اﺳﻢ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻﺣﻆ ان ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﯿﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻻن اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﺒﺪأ ب اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﻌﻮل وﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬

‫‪​ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻧﺠﺎزات ﻋﻈﯿﻤﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪.​Egypt ​has made​ great achievements .‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﻘﺪ‬

‫‪ -‬اذا ﺟﺎء ﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ اﻟﻰ ‪may‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ -:‬ﻗﺪ ﯾﻔﻮز اﻟﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺄس‬
‫‪-The player may win the cup.‬‬

‫‪ -‬اذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم‬
‫) ‪(has - have + p.p‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ -:‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺎز اﻟﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺄس ‪.‬‬
‫‪-The player has won the cup.‬‬

‫‪ -‬اذا وﺟﺪت ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ -:‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺎز اﻟﻼﻋﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺄس اﻣﺲ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-The player won the cup.‬‬
 ‫‪ -3‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﻛﯿﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ) إن ‪ -‬أن ‪ -‬ﻓﺄن …‪ ( .‬ﻻ ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬
‫‪ ​.‬إن اﻟﺸﺒﺎب ﻫﻢ اﻣﻞ اﻻﻣﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪. ​youth are the hope of the nation .‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ) ﻛﻞ ( اﻟﻲ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻻوﻟﻰ ‪ Each -Every :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻫﻢ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ All :‬ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺎ اﺳﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ اب ﻣﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ أﺳﺮﺗﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-Every / Each ​father​ is responsible for his family‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪ :‬ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ‬
‫‪-All ​teachers​ are responsible for the educational‬‬
‫‪process.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺎف واﻟﻤﻀﺎف اﻟﯿﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ‬

‫ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﺎرﻓﯿﻦ ان ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ﺑﯿﻜﻮن ﻓﯿﻬﺎ ﻣﻀﺎف وﻣﻀﺎف اﻟﯿﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪pollution ​of​ environment‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺗﻠﻮث اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬
‫‪envrionment pollution‬‬
‫‪aspects ​of​ life‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬
‫‪life aspects‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ of‬او ﯾﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎف اﻟﯿﻪ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻤﻀﺎف‬

‫‪ -6‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ S‬اﻟﻤﻠﻜﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻀﺎف إﻟﯿﻪ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ S‬ﻫﻜﺬا )‪('s‬‬
‫‪this is mariam's jacket .‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ S‬ﻫﻜﺬا ) '‪( s‬‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻄﻼب ‪the students' books . ------‬‬
 ‫‪ -7‬إن‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻓﻬﻲ إن اﻟﺸﺮﻃﯿﺔ وﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ اﻟﻲ ‪if‬‬
‫‪if you study,you will succeed‬‬ ‫‪ -‬إن ﺗﺬاﻛﺮ ﺗﻨﺠﺢ‬

‫‪ -8‬ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﯾﺄﺗﻲ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬

‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ‪note :‬‬
‫) ‪(can / could / will / would / shall / should / may / might / must / ought / needn’t / dare‬‬
‫‪EX: He can learn english‬‬
‫‪-9‬ﻻم اﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ اﻟﻲ ‪ to + inf‬او ‪ so as to‬او ‪in order to‬‬
‫‪-‬اذﻫﺐ اﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ ﻻﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬
‫‪i go to school ​to learn‬‬

‫‪ -10‬اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ‪Another - other - others‬‬

‫‪-Another ​ :‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺪودة اﻟﻤﻔﺮد و اﻷﺳﻤﺎء ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪودة وﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﻲ او آﺧﺮ وﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫? ‪- would you like another coffee‬‬
‫‪- one student is from egypt , another student is from‬‬
‫‪America .‬‬

‫‪-other :‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺪودة اﻟﻤﻔﺮد واﻟﺠﻤﻊ واﻻﺳﻤﺎء ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪودة‬
‫وﺗﺸﯿﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻃﺮف ﺛﺎﻧﻲ وﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻵﺧﺮ أو اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫? ‪-this one’s too big , do you have it in other sizes‬‬
‫‪- My other sister is a doctor‬‬
‫‪-others :‬‬
‫​ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻊ اﻷﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺪودة اﻟﺠﻤﻊ وﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻵﺧﺮﯾﻦ او اﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ‬
 ‫‪-one student is from Egypt , another student is from‬‬
‫‪America , others students are from England .‬‬

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‫ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﺠﺐ ﻗﺮاءة ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة وﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻬﺎ وﺟﻤﻠﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻧﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ وﻟﯿﺲ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﺣﺮﻓﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺣﺎول ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ و إذا ﻛﺎن ﻫﻨﺎك ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮف ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰي ﻓﺤﺎول‬
‫أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺮادﻓﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫​‪-‬ﺣﺎول ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺳﯿﺎق اﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أدوات اﻟﺮﺑﻂ واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺤﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻟﻘﺪ أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻗﺮﯾﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺑﻔﻀﻞ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻹﻋﻼم واﻻﺗﺼﺎل ‪.‬‬
‫‪- the world has become a small village thanks to‬‬
‫‪media and communication means.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻨﺎ دﻓﻊ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ أﻓﻀﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪- Our youth should push the acceleration of‬‬
‫‪development for a better future‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ان اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﯿﻢ ﯾﻬﺪف إﻟﻰ إﻋﺪاد ﺟﯿﻞ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
‫وﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪-The national program for education aims to prepare a‬‬
‫‪generation which is able to face the future and create a‬‬
‫‪productive society .‬‬

‫‪ -4‬أن اﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ و اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﯾﺮﺟﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎت‬

‫واﻻﺧﺘﺮاﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﺔ اﻷﺧﯿﺮة ‪.‬‬
-The great development industrial agricultural fields is
due to the recent scientific due to the recent scientific
discoveries and inventions .
. ‫ان ﺑﻨﺎء ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﯾﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﺟﻬﻮد ﻛﻞ أﺑﻨﺎءه اﻟﻤﺨﻠﺼﯿﻦ‬-5
the construction of our modern society requires uniting
the efforts of all of its loyal sons .
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