SCIENCE

9
FOURTH QUARTER
MODULE 7

The Journey of
Electricity

Image source: https://bit.ly/3temJdv

Most Essential Learning Competency:

Explain how electrical energy is generated, transmitted, and distributed
(S9FE-IVh-j-46).

To the Learners

How are you these days? Congratulations on finishing the sixth module of this
quarter. You are now about to start the last one and I want you to be reminded of a few
things so you will successfully finish the task.
1. Read and understand the instructions in every part of this module.
2. Provide yourself with a notebook so that you can take down notes for future
reference.
3. You are provided with various learning tasks. I hope you will diligently perform
them all and do great with the activities.
4. Ask your parents, guardians, or older siblings to help you assess your work. Also,
as your teacher, I will be more than willing to help you understand this module
in any case you want to contact me.
5. Have fun while learning!

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Expectations
In this module, you are expected to explain how electrical energy is generated,
transmitted, and distributed. Specifically, you should be able to:
✓ trace the energy transformation in electrical power plants;
✓ distinguish between electrical power generation, distribution, and transmission
✓ differentiate a step-up from a step-down transformer; and
✓ cite ways to minimize power loss in the generation, transmission, and
distribution of electrical energy.

Looking Back
Direction: Read and analyze each question carefully. Write your answer of the space
provided before each number.

____1. Two objects are in the state of thermal equilibrium. This means that they have
________.
A. constant work C. different temperature
B. the same work D. the same temperature

____2. There are three basic ways in which heat is transferred. Which is NOT included
in the list?
A. conduction C. induction
B. convection D. radiation

____3. Heat flows from high to cold temperature. What do you call this process?
A. cooling C. spontaneous
B. nonspontaneous D. warming

____4. What causes heat to flow?

A. energy C. constant temperature
B. work D. temperature difference

____5. Machines are never 100% efficient. Which BEST supports this statement?
A. Machines are not perfect.
B. There is insufficient fuel to run the machine.
C. Some of the work done by a machine is used to overcome friction.
D. All the above.

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 Pre-Test
FILL ME UP!
Direction: Try to complete this crossword puzzle.
1
2

3 A I

5 I N

Down: Across:

1. a device that converts voltages 3. the bulk movement of electrical

from one value to another
2. the final stage in the delivery of
electric power
4. the supply of electric current to a
house or other building for
heating, lighting, or powering
appliances
energy from a power plant to the
substation
5. the process of generating
electricity from sources of
primary energy

Brief Introduction
Have you ever wondered how electrical appliances such as television, electric fan,
refrigerator, etc. work? What powers these appliances up? Yes, electricity makes them
work. But where did it come from? How did it arrive at your home? This module will
take you into a deeper understanding of how electricity is generated, transmitted, and
distributed for consumption.

Electricity is a form of energy that deals with the movement of electrons. It is

one of the primary sources of energy widely used today. Electric energy is produced by
transforming other forms of energy into electrical energy. There are stages in preparing
electricity before it reaches the end-users – homes or establishments.

Stages of Electric Power Supply

1. Generation
Generating electric power from the primary source of energy (such as
thermal energy from the underground) is the first stage of the electric power

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 supply. Electricity is generated from a power plant. There are two types of power
plants depending on how they generate electricity.
Thermal power plants like fossil fuel, nuclear, and solar thermal power
plants utilize fuel to heat water from a reservoir to convert it to steam. On the
other hand, kinetic power plants such as hydroelectric and windmill power
plants use the movement or flow of the wind and water to turn the turbine.

2. Transmission
The electricity generated
from power plants is delivered to
substations by transmission lines.
National grid refers to a network of
transmission lines connecting the
substations all over the country.
Transmission lines allow
electric energy generated from
power plants to be delivered to
substations using electrical wires.
However, these wires have the
resistance that opposes the flow of
current. The longer the wire gets,
the higher its resistance. Thus,
power loss happens in the process.
In this case, an electrical device
known as a transformer is used. It
is used to transfer electrical energy
from one circuit to another. This
device allows an increase or
decrease of voltage level. A step-up
transformer is used to raise the
voltage while the step-down
transformer reduces the voltage. Figure 1: Flow of Electricity
Source: Exploring Life Through Science-Science 9, p.466
3. Distribution

At the substations, electricity is finally distributed to the consumers or

households. Here, a step-down transformer is used to reduce the voltage of electricity
from transmission lines.

Figure 2: Step-up vs. Step-down Transformer

Image Source: https://bit.ly/2QL5wLp

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Power Loss
During the stages mentioned above, some energy is lost. Most of it takes place
during transmission and distribution of electricity due to technical and nontechnical
issues. Power loss can at least be minimized by considering the following:
✓ thorough plans and designs of powerlines,
✓ utilization of suitable equipment,
✓ regular inspection and maintenance, and
✓ replacement of inefficient/malfunctional equipment.

Activity 1
ENERGY TRANSFORMS

Objectives:
✓ Trace the energy transformation in electrical power plants.

Direction: Trace how energy transformation happens in electric power plants. Use the
form of energy in the box to complete each statement.

A. Trace the energy transformation in a geothermal power plant.

CHOICES

Electrical Energy

Mechanical Energy

Thermal Energy

Image Source: https://bit.ly/2PXI0dN

1. ____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ___________________

from the ground in turbines in generator

B. Trace the energy transformation in a hydropower plant.

CHOICES

Electrical Energy

Kinetic Energy

Mechanical Energy

Potential Energy

Image Source: https://bit.ly/2QBDgee

4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6. _____________ 7. _____________

water at high water through in turbines in generator
level pipes

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C. Trace the energy transformation in a wind power plant.

CHOICES

Electrical Energy

Kinetic Energy

Mechanical Energy

Image Source: https://bit.ly/2QBDgee

8. ___________________ 9. ____________________ 10. ____________________

in wind in turbine in generator

Activity 2
POWER JOURNEY

Objectives:
✓ Distinguish between electrical power generation, transmission, and distribution.

Direction: Using the illustration below, trace how electricity is generated, transmitted,
and distributed to the consumers. Arrange the steps that follow according
to their correct order. Write the number before each statement.

Figure 3: How Electricity Travels to Consumers

Image Source: https://bit.ly/3temJdv

_____ Electricity flows from the power plant through wires to the step-up transformer.
The transformer raises the voltage so it can travel long distances – it is raised to
as high as 756, 000 volts.

_____ Electricity is taken through the lines to a pole transformer – or a transformer

box if underground – and voltage is lowered again to 120 or 220 or 240 volts.

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_____ From there, electricity comes into your home through a service box, where your
meter is located to measure how much you use. Wires take electricity around
your home, powering your lights and all your other electrical appliances.

_____ Steam is generated in the power plant by burning fossil fuels or by nuclear
fission or geothermal energy.

_____ The electric current then runs through the power lines to the substation
transformer where voltage is lowered to between 2000 and 13000 volts.

_____ The steam powers a turbine which spins a huge magnet inside a copper wire.
Heat energy converts to mechanical energy which then converts to electrical
energy in the generator.

Activity 3
UP AND DOWN

Objective:
✓ Differentiate a step-up from a step-down transformer.

Direction: Complete the statements below that differentiate a step-up from a step-
down transformer. Choose your answer from the word bank below.

cellphone charger high power plant 11000V

decrease low secondary
doorbell low 110V

Comparison Step-Up Transformer Step-Down Transformer

Definition Increase the output voltage. 1) _______ the output voltage

Voltage Input is 2) _______; Input is high;
Output is high Output is 3) _______
Winding High voltage winding is the High voltage winding is the
4) _______ winding. primary winding.
Current Current is low Current is 5) _______
on the secondary winding. on the secondary winding.
Output 6) _______ or above 7) _______ ,24V, 20V, 10V, etc.
Voltage
Application 8) _________, X-ray machine, 9) _________ 10) _________, etc.
microwaves, etc.

Activity 4
ENERGY SAVER
Objective:
✓ Cite ways to minimize power loss in the generation, transmission, and
distribution of electrical energy.

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Direction: Briefly explain the picture and explain some ways on how to minimize
power loss in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

Image source: https://bit.ly/3f3jFvG
Image source: https://binged.it/3eyChog
Image source: https://bit.ly/2QWpEdH
Picture A
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Picture B
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Picture C
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Remember _________________________________
_____________________________
Generation
___ different forms of
Electricity is generated from primary sources in power plants. These
energy are transformed into electrical energy.

Transmission
Electrical energy is transmitted from a power plant to substations through transmission
lines.

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Distribution
At this last stage, reduced power voltage is now ready for distribution to households and
establishments to power up electrical appliances and devices.

Transformer is a device that is used to increase or

decrease the voltage level. Step-up transformer is used
to increase the voltage while step-down transformer is
utilized to decrease the voltage.

Image source: https://bit.ly/3f3TzZr

Check Your Understanding

Direction: Identify what is being referred to by each statement below. Choose your
answer from the choices below.

distribution national grid

electricity power plant
high thermal energy
low transformer
mechanical energy steam

________1. This is the site where electrical energy is generated.

________2. This electrical device is used to increase or decrease voltage.
________3. Geothermal power plant starts with this type of energy.
________4. Thermal power plants utilize fuel to heat water from a reservoir to convert it
to ______.
________5. A form of energy which deals with the movement of electrons that is widely
used to power up appliances.
________6. It is the final stage in the delivery of electric power.
________7. Step-up transformer has a ______ output voltage.
________8. Step-down transformer has a ______ output voltage.
________9. It is another term for the network of lines connecting substations in the
country.
________10. It is the form of energy exhibited by a rotating turbine.

Post-Test
Direction: Identify the letter of the correct answer. Write it before the number.

____1. Which is the CORRECT order of stages in the flow of electricity from the power
plant to your home?
A. distribution-generation-transmission
B. generation-transmission-distribution
C. generation-distribution-transmission
D. transmission-distribution-generation

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____2. Geothermal power plants are widely used as a main source of electricity. Which
shows the sequence of energy transformation in this power plant?
A. chemical → mechanical → electrical
B. mechanical → thermal →electrical
C. nuclear → mechanical → electrical
D. thermal → mechanical → electrical

____3. What equipment can be used to increase or decrease the voltage of electricity?
A. generator C. transformer
B. power line D. turbine

____4. Which of the following can be used to reduce voltage?

A. aluminum wire C. step-up transformer
B. copper wire D. step-down transformer

____5. Because of resistance present in electrical cables and wires, power loss occurs
during the transmission of electricity. The following can be done to reduce this
loss EXCEPT for ________.
A. Use gold metal wires.
B. Replace incorrectly sized transformers.
C. Improve the connection quality of conductors (power lines).
D. both B and C

Reflection
THINKING BEYOND THE BOX

We are done with the last module of this quarter. Is there anything you realized
from this topic? Answer the following reflective questions:

1. What have you learned from the module?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Based on experience, does electricity consumption contribute to climate change?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

3. As a student, how are you going to conserve electricity?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

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 I am so proud of you for successfully finishing this module! Do not forget to
thank those who guided you. I hope you learned a lot. Congratulations on making it this
far. You have finished GRADE 9 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, and it is worth
celebrating! CONGRATULATIONS!

References:

Printed Materials:
• Alvarez, et. al., (2014). Science 9 Learner's Module. Pasig City: Department of
Education: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd BLR).
• Alvarez, et. al., (2014). Science 9 Teacher's Guide. Pasig City: Department of
Education: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd BLR).
• Pavico, J., Ramos, A. C., Bayquen, A., Silverio, A., & Ramos, J. D. (2014).
Exploring Life Through Science. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House.

Electronic Sources:
• https://bit.ly/3temJdv
• https://bit.ly/2QL5wLp
• https://bit.ly/3gPzGHX
• https://bit.ly/2QBDgee
• https://bit.ly/2PXI0dN
• https://bit.ly/3xVxhRY
• https://bit.ly/2QWpEdH
• https://bit.ly/3f3TzZr
• https://bit.ly/3f3jFvG
• https://binged.it/3eyChog

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