PRODUCT AND

SERVICE DESIGN
GROUP FOUR
 WHAT IS PRODUCT AND
SERVICE DESIGN?
Product and service design is concerned with the
efficient and effective generation and development of
ideas through a process that leads to form new
products.
ISSUE IN PRODUCT
AND SERVICE The success of an organization is closely

DESIGN
linked to the design of its products or services.
The challenge for manufacturers is to design
and bring new products or services to market
quickly. The production process within a
company reflects the state of production
technology and the types of products being
manufactured. With the rapid changes in
customer preferences and the need for
innovation, production management becomes
dynamic.
 ISSUE IN PRODUCT
AND SERVICE
The success of an organization is closely DESIGN
linked to the design of its products or services.
The challenge for manufacturers is to design and
bring new products or services to market quickly.
The production process within a company reflects
the state of production technology and the types
of products being manufactured. With the rapid
changes in customer preferences and the need
for innovation, production management becomes
dynamic.
 UNDER PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
PROCESS, THE APPLIED RESEARCH IS
APPLIED IN FOLLOWING ASPECTS:

To design new product

To redesign the existing
product
To Identify of new uses of
existing product
To improve of packing of
existing products
1. Design of new
product:
New product can be integrated
into current product
New product will be entirely
unrelated to current product.
2. Product redesign
Extension of market by enhancing consumer appeal
and acceptance. For this new feature can be added
to the product or the packing or forms of products
can be adapted to new styling trends.
To reduce production cost: As the production
moves through its life cycle , there is increasing
emphasis in the reducing cost of product by more
efficient tools and methods of production.
For reducing previous designing fault.
3. New product uses
Researcher tries to
find out additional
uses of existing or
slightly modified
product.
4. Improvement of packing of
existing product
Research is done to
redesign the existing
packaging to make
more attractive than
existing package.
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
IN OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT various stages of
product from its starting
to ending
highlights about the
market situation of
product comparison with
competitors
time span of each stage
varies from one stage to
another
DISTINCT STAGES OF
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE
Stage I: Introductory stage
Stage II: Rapid Growth stage
Stage III: Maturity stage
Stage IV: Decline stage.
 STAGE I:
INTRODUCTORY STAGE
Very high cost and low sales which
causes for loss
Heavy production and marketing cost
but low production scale.
Low competition
Need maximum advertisement to
promote demand.
 STAGE II:
RAPID GROWTH STAGE
Sales increase rapidly which generates
profit.
Organizations can earn loyal consumers.
To supply higher demand, production also
increases and distribution channels or
dealers are established.
Entry of competitors, so the price of
product decreases but even profit does
not decrease due to massive sales.
 STAGE III:
MATURITY STAGE
Stable market but the whole market is
covered.
Sustaining the product requires
continuous R & D.
Sales increase at a decreasing rate. So
the profit line started to decline.
Only big organization's products can meet
this stage like waiwai noodles, coca-cola,
surya cigarette etc.
 STAGE IV:
DECLINING STAGE
Total sales started to decrease.
Minimum profit can be earned and
even loss can be generated.
Only loyal consumers purchase the
product like.
RARA Noodles
Yak Cigarette
Product may be discontinued
 FACTORS AFFECTING
Customer’s
Requirements and
PRODUCT DESIGN
Psychological Effects
Facility to Operators
Functionality
Material
Requirements
Work Method and
Equipment:
PHASES OF PRODUCT
DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT
a series of steps that includes the
conceptualization, design, development
and marketing of newly created or
newly rebranded goods or services
includes a product's entire journey
from the initial idea to after its market
release
 PHASES OF
PRODUCT
DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT

 STAGE I:
NEED IDENTIFICATION

process of determining what and how

a customer wants a product to
perform
Customer needs are non-technical, and
they reflect the customers’ perception
of the product, not the actual design
specifications, although frequently
they are closely related.
 STAGE II: ADVANCE
PRODUCT PLANNING
(FEASIBILITY STUDY)
a market research methodology that aims to
provide predictive analytics to guide the next
steps for marketing, sales, and product
development
it includes preliminary market analysis, creating
alternative concepts for the product, clarifying
operational requirements, establishing design
criteria and their priorities, and estimating
logistics requirements for producing, distributing,
and maintaining the product in the market
STAGE III: ADVANCED
DESIGN

it is the technical feasibility

of the product proposed
and identification in greater
detail the tradeoffs in
product design
 STAGE IV: DETAILED
ENGINEERING DESIGN

a series of engineering
activities to develop a
detailed definition of the
product, including its
subsystems and components,
materials, sizes, and shapes
STAGE V: PRODUCTION
PROCESS DESIGN AND
DEVELOPMENT

it involves detailed product design

wherein engineers and
manufacturing specialists prepare
plans for materials, acquisitions,
production, warehousing,
transportation, and distribution
STAGE VI: PRODUCT
EVALUATION AND
IMPROVEMENT

it is the phase where

products are continually
reevaluated for
improvement possibilities
throughout their lives
STAGE VII: PRODUCT
USE AND SUPPORT
this is the stage where a business
organization considers support for
the consumer who purchased and
uses the product by means of
educating users regarding specific
applications of the product, providing
after service such as warranty and
repair service of product.
 DESIGNING FOR
MANUFACTURING
The process of designing parts, components
or products for ease of manufacturing with
an end goal of making a better product at a
lower cost.
 PRODUCTION PROCESSES ARE BEING
CATEGORIZED INTO FIVE BASIC TYPES:

PROJECT JOB SHOP BATCH

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
CONCLUSION 3

ASSEMBLY CONTINUOUS
LINE FLOW
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY
 PROJECT
TECHNOLOGY
The projects are
special tasks to be
performed within a
certain time period.
In a project, the
inputs are brought
to the project
location as they are
needed; there is no
flow in the process.
 JOB SHOP
TECHNOLOGY
Manufacturers of small
batches of many
different products, each
of which is custom
designed and
consequently requires its
own unique set of
processing steps or
routine through the
production process
 BATCH
is an improved
TECHNOLOGY
form of job shop
technology in
terms of product
standardization.
 ASSEMBLY LINE
TECHNOLOGY
Process technology
that produces

narrow range of
standardized
products.
 CONTINUOUS FLOW
The projects are
special tasks to be TECHNOLOGY
performed within a
certain time period.
In a project, the
inputs are brought
to the project
location as they are
needed; there is no
flow in the process.
 It describes the approach and

PROCESS
mechanisms to support the
engineering of organizational

LIFE CYCLE
processes throughout their life
cycle, and our current
understanding of what activities
are included in the process life
cycle.
PROCESS LIFE CYCLE
 QUALITY FUNCTION
DEPLOYMENT (QFD)
- is a method of approach by which
cross-sectional teams translate customer
requirements into appropriate design
requirements at each stage of the
product development process.
 THE QUALITY FUNCTION
DEPLOYMENT PROCESS
01 Customer
02 Technical
requirement features
planning matrix deployment
matrix

03 Process plan 04 Operating

and quality
control chart Instruction
THE FOUR HOUSE OF QUALITY
(THE QFD PROCESS)
HOUSE OF I. Identify customer requirements

QUALITY
II. Identify supporting technical characteristics
III. Relate the customer requirements to the
supporting technical characteristics
IV. Conducting and evaluation of competing
products.
V. Evaluate technical requirements and develop
targets and
VI. Determine which technical requirements to
deploy in the remainder of the production
process.
 SERVICE PRODUCT
-all about giving to customers what they
really want.
A SERVICE CAN BE CONSIDERED FROM TWO
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES:

From a company-external perspective

From a company-internal view
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICE
a. It can be b. It can or c. It require
experienced cannot be high degree
only not attached with customer
CONCLUSION 3
consumed physical goods contact

d. It requires e. It cannot
effective be stored
management of
staffs, marketing for future
and operations use.
PRODUCT VERSUS
SERVICE
DOMINANCE
 Designing of
Services
Service has distinct character
other than product.
Service capacity should be
optimum.
DESIGNING OF SERVICES SHOULD
CONTAIN FOLLOWING STAGES:
1. Identification of customer
requirement
2. Development of service
concept
3. Detailed design
4. Process technology
5. Redesign of process technology
~ Service Design is the
activity of planning and ~ Service design
organizing people,
requires some
infrastructure,
unique analysis and
communication and
material components of emphasis upon
a service, in order to different issues.
improve its quality.

~ operational
analysis
FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
ARE DEVELOPED FOR
ANALYSIS OF SERVICE
DESIGN: 1. What is being done?
2. When will the target
be met?
3. Where is the task
done?
4. How is that task
done?
 SERVICE
PROCESS
TECHNOLOGIES Process technologies for services are
diverse than that of product process
technologies. Technology required for
service organization depends on the
degree of the customers' contact and
labor versus capital intensiveness.
 FACTORS GENERALLY CONSIDERED
UNDER THE SERVICE PROCESS
TECHNOLOGY:

1. CUSTOMER 2. LABOR VS 3. SERVICE

CAPITAL PROCESS
CONTACT INTENSIVENESS MATRIX
1. QUASI- 3. CUSTOM-SHOP
MANUFACTURING SERVICES
2. MASS SERVICES 4. PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES