JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

No 6.1.1 Membezakan hubungan linear dan tak linear berdasarkan jadual data dan graf

1 non linear relation

linear relation
non linear relation

2.
Y Y
(a)

X X
0 0

(i) (ii)

(b) Graf (ii)

(c) Graf (ii) yang berbentuk garis lurus ialah graf hubungan linear.

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

6.1.2 Melukis garis lurus penyuaian terbaik bagi graf hubungan linear.
1
(a) (i) X
(ii) X
(iii √
)

Y
2
0.8

0.7
×
0.6
×
0.5
×
0.4
×
0.3
×
0.2

0.1

X
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

3 F

40

35 ×
×
30
×

25 ×

20
×
15 ×

10 ×

X
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

4 x 1 3 5 8 9 12
y -1.9 -0.7 0.5 2.3 2.9 4.7
x

y
x

5
×

3 ×
×
2

1
×
x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
×
-1

-2 ×

-3

6.1.3 Membentuk persamaan bagi garis lurus penyuaian terbaik

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

1 gradient , m= 14 – 4
5–0
m=2
c =4
The equation of the line of best fit is y = 2x + 4

2 gradient = 5 – 3
2–6
1
¿−
2 through (2,5)
The line passes
−1
5= (2 ) + c
2
c=6
−1
The equation of the line of best fit is y= x +6
2
gradient = 9 – 2
3 6–4
7
¿
2
7
P¿ V +c
2
7
2= ( 4 )+ c
2
c = -12
7
P= V −12
2
y-intercept = - 12

gradient = 3 – 0 = -1
4 1-4
y
= -x2 + c
x
3 = -1 + c
c=4
y
= -x2 + 4
x
y = - x3 + 4x

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

5 1
gradient = 6 - 3 =
2
7-1
1
log 10 y = x + c
2
1
3 = +c
2
5
c=
2
1 5
log 10 y = x +
2 2
2
log 10 y =x +5
y 2=10 x+5
y= √10
x+5

x+5
2
y=10
6.

3−(−5)
Gradient = =2
4−0

y – 3x = 2x2 – 5
y = 2x2 + 3x - 5

m=2 n= -1

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

10

8 ×

×
6
×

4
×

×
2
×
x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

(b) (i) y-intercept = c = 9

(ii) x-intercept =13.4
1−9
(iii) gradient =
12−0
2
=- 3
(c) −2
The equation of the line of best fit is y = x+9
3

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

6.1.4 Mentafsir maklumat berdasarkan garis lurus penyuaian terbaik

1 (a) When x = 3.0, y = 0.22

(b) When y = 0.5, x = 1.3
(c) gradient = 0.22 - 0.7
3-0
= - 0.16

2 gradient = 3 – 2
1–0
=1
Hence y = x + 2
At (7 , q)
At (p , 4)
q=7+2
4=p+2
=9
p=2

3 (a) A (0, 3)
(b)

4 (a 16−4
m= =4
) 4−1
1
y 2 = 4( ) + c
x
4 = 4(1)+c
c=0
2 4
y =
x

y=
√ 4
x

(b) x = 1

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

5
y
0.78−(−0.28)
m=
6−0
1.0
= 0.177
c = -0.28
0.8 y = mx + c
×
y = 0.177x – 0.28
0.6 ×
p = 0.177, q = -0.28
0.4 ×

0.2 ×

×
x
0 1 2 3 4 6 7
×
-0.2

- 0.4

6
(a)
xy

4 ×
×
3 ×
×
2 ×
×
1

x2
0 1 2 3 4 6 7

(b) 4.5−1.4
(i) m= = - 1.0
0−3

(ii) When xy = 2.4, x2 = 2

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

(iii) When x2 = 2.2, xy = 2.2

(c) xy = - x2 + 4.5

E 6.2 Hukum linear dan hubungan tak linear

6.2.1 Mengaplikasikan hukum linear kepada hubungan tak linear.
1
y 2 k
=x +
h x

xy 3
=x + k c=kh
h

xy = h x 3 + kh
k( )
−2
3
=6
k = -9
m=h
h=6–4
0–3
2
h=-
3
2 y=−x3 +10 x bahagi dengan x
y
=−x 2+10
x
y
At point (1,k), =k and x2 = 1
x
k = -1 + 10 = 9
y
At point (h,4), =4 and x2 = h
x
4 = -h + 10
3 h=6

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

(a) p
y=
2 x +q
y(2x + q) = p
4 (2xy + yq = p )
p
2x + q =
y
1 1
y
= p
(2x + q)
1 2 q
y
= p
x + p
2 2−(−4 ) 1
p = gradient = 12−0 2
=

2 1
p
= 2
p=4

(b) q
=c=−4
p
q
= -4
4
q = -16
Hence, k= 9 and h = 6
(a) From y = (mx+ n ¿ ¿2
√ y = mx + n

3−6
Gradient m = = -1
4−1

When √ y = 6, x = 1
6= -1(1) + n
5 n=7

(b) When x = 3, √ y = -1(3) + 7 = 4

y = 16

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

y
= px + q
(a) x x 2 4 6 8 10 12 (a)

y 0.57 0.45 0.31 0.20 0.09 -0.05

6 y = px2 + qx
99 = p(9)2 + 9q
11 = 9p + q ……(1)
24 = p(3)2 + 3q
24 = 9p + 3q …..(2)
(2)-(1)
13
13 = 2, q = ,
2
13 1
11=9p+ , p=
2 2
(b) y 1 13
x
= 2
x + 2

y
x

13
2

x
0

(b) log 10 y

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

0.7

0.6
×

0.5
×
0.4
0.39

0.3 ×

0.2 ×

0.1 ×

x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
×
-0.10

r
(c) y=
s3 x
log 10 y=log 10 r−3 x log 10 s
log 10 y=−3 log 10 s ( x ) + log 10 r

(i) x = 5, log 10 y = 0.39

y = 2.45
(ii) log 10 r=c=0.7
r = 5.012
(iii) −3 log10 s=m

0.7−0
m= = -6.25 X 10−2
0−11.2
−2
log 10 s=2.08 X 10
s = 1.049

C 6.3 Aplikasi hukum linear

6.3.1 Menyelesaikan masalah yang melibatkan hukum linear.
1.

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

(a) x 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 10.4

x 0.25 0.32 1.60 2.50 4.38 7.43

y

x
y
8
×
7

5
×
4

3
×
2
×
1
××
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-1

-2

(b) px+ qy=xy

px x q
+ q= x (ii) −intercept = -
y y p
px −q
=x–q 1.10
= -2
y
x 1 q q = 2.2
y
= p
x−
p
1 x
(i) Gradient = p (iii) When x = 9.5, = 6.6
y
2 1 6.9−(−2) 9.5
= = 6.6
p 9.8−0 y
p = 1.10 y = 1.44

log 10 x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

(a)
log 10 y 3.55 3.10 2.65 2.50 1.75 1.30

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

log 10 y

4.0

3.5 ×

×
3.0

×
2.5 ×
2.2
2.0
×
1.5
×
1.0

0.5

log 10 x
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

(b) a y=a xn
n
log 10 y=log 10 a x
n
log 10 y=log 10 a+ log 10 x
alog10 y=n log 10 x+ log10 a
(i) log 10 y−intercept = log 10 a
alog 10 a = 4
a = 10 000
(ii) Gradient = n

0.94−0.29
n= = -4.5
0.78−0
3
(iii) Whenlog 10 x=0.4
alog 10 y = 2.2
y = 102.2
y = 158.5 The correct value of y is 158.5

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

(a) log 10 l 0 0.301 0.477 0.602 0.699 0.778

log 10 T 0.290 0.540 0.690 0.792 0.869 0.940

log 10 y
1.0
×
0.9 ×
0.8 ×
0.730
0.7 ×

0.6
×
0.5

0.4

0.3×

0.2

0.1

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

log 10 l

T=p l q+3
log 10 T =log 10 p+ log 10 l q + 3

log 10 T =(q+3) log 10l + log 10 p

(a) (i)
l = 3.4 , log l = 0.531
10

∴ log 10 T =¿ 0.730
T= 5.37 second

(ii) m = q + 3, c = log 10 p
c = log 10 p
4
0.94−0.29 0.29 = log 10 p
0.78−0
= q+3
p = 1.950
q = -2.167

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

(a) xy 7.64 26.57 58.92 90.16 114.85 150.18

y 19.6 18.2 13.3 8.9 6.3 1.5

y
(b)
22.0

20.0 ×
×
18.0

16.0

14.0
×
12.0

10.0
×
8.0
×
6.0

4.0

2.0
×
xy
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

(c) (i) & (ii)

1 a
y = (xy) -
b b
1 21
m = b = (- 162 )
b = -7.72

a
-b = 21
a = 162.12

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JAWAPAN HUKUM LINEAR

(d) 0.0476

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