Chapter 2

FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

This chapter presents the related literature after the thorough and in-depth search done by the

researchers. This will also present the theoretical and conceptual framework to fully understand the

research to be done.

Review of Literature and Related Studies

Foreign

Schools play a significant role as providers of mental health services for adolescents, however

data on the overall utilization of mental health services in educational settings vs other settings are few

due to the absence of data collected at the national level. (Ali,M., West,K., and Teich,J., et al 2019).

School-based mental health programs have been used to reduce stress, anxiety, and depressive

symptoms among teenagers. This systematic review and meta-goal analysis assessed the effectiveness of

school-based programs aimed at lowering teenagers' internalizing mental health issues. Overall, targeted

interventions showed greater stress reductions than general programs, but overall stress interventions did

not reduce stress symptoms. Anxiety interventions significantly reduced anxiety symptoms, but higher

doses were needed for universal programs. Depression therapies significantly reduced depressive

symptoms, but their effects did not remain (Doliger,S.B., Feiss,R., Merritt,M., et al 2019).

According to Bork, S.J., Mondisa, J. et al (2020) The number of students with serious mental

illnesses has significantly increased, according to college officials. This has had a significant impact on

students' academic, professional, and personal consequences. The authors review research on college

students and mental illness, including obstacles to receiving care. Suggestions for improving campus-

based responses to serious mental illness are presented. Graduate students' mental health is impacted by
particular stresses they face, and their severity and duration of mental health issues may be impacted by

the fact that they are less likely to seek help.

Mental health issues are a major issue in the United States, with two-thirds of people with mental

illness worldwide not receiving professional medical care. However, college students express mental

health concerns, and only one-third of those who have psychological illnesses obtain mental health care.

Lack of knowledge and understanding of on-campus mental health options is a major deterrent for college

students seeking care (Eaker,R., Park,J. Shim,Y.R.,  et al. 2022).

Based on study of Cleofas, J.V., et al. (2022) This research found that mental health disorders

among college-aged students in the Philippines are increasing, and that social interactions with people in

the classroom have an impact on life quality. Each mental health subscale showed a correlation with

quality of life among the student respondents. Schools must foster a social climate that will enhance

students' mental health and quality of life.

According to Ines, J.V. et al. (2019) Filipino college students wrote a manual on mental health

first-aid techniques explaining that assessing suicidality is the most crucial thing to do to help someone

who may be depressed and that such measures were more beneficial than detrimental for a person

suffering from depression. College students in the Philippines are aware that anyone displaying

depressive symptoms should seek counseling, making it the first treatment on the list of potential

successful therapies. This is likely due to the knowledge of the students and the fact that the study is

being conducted by a counseling office. Additionally, visiting a church and praying are also important for

Filipino college students to battle depressed symptoms, possibly due to their religiosity and or belief in a

higher power.

This paper aims to identify the socio-cultural factors that exacerbate the challenges that Filipino

university students face in their attainment of well-being. Mental health problems such as anxiety and

depression have been rising among university students in the Philippines, and there is a need for a local
framework to understand their vulnerabilities (Alejandria,M.C.P., Casimiro, K.M.D., Gibe,J.A.L., et al

2022).

Local

College students face numerous obstacles and issues, such as the first significant challenge to

their skills and incentives in the classroom, as well as pressures and difficulties in the academic setting.

Despite this, some people consider college to be the pinnacle of their lives, and anxious events make for

unforgettable memories. Students in college experience academic stress due to a variety of factors, such

as parental expectations, personal expectations, and self-actualization (Austria-Cruz,M.C.A. et al  2019).

Theoretical Framework

Creating a cutting-edge framework for school mental health to provide a theoretically

expansive manual for planning and evaluating strategies for student mental health in schools that

are sustainable. Mental health is substituted for intelligence or character education in educational

contexts. This is due to the use of related concepts such as social and emotional learning, moral

education, life skills, emotional literacy, and emotional intelligence. (Cefai et al., 2018a;

O’Reilly et al., 2018; ). Therefore the proposed framework, which is based on existing research

on mental health promotion and prevention, represents school mental health as encompassing

three major domains. The first two concern the promotion of protective factors in mental health,

specifically, social and emotional learning (SEL) and resilience, while the third is the prevention

of social, emotional, and behavioral problems.

(Cavioni et al., 2017; Cefai et al., 2018b; O’Reilly et al., 2018; ) The Wisconsin

Department of Public Instruction has proposed that mental health in school includes practices to

address the continuum from high-level emotional wellbeing to significant student mental health

challenges. Cefai and Cooper (2017), mental health promotion in schools is related to positive
 mental health and reduced internalized and externalized conditions, such as anxiety, depression,

substance use, violence, and antisocial behavior.

Reference: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1251771.pdf

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study is shown in Figure 1 determines the extent of

accommodating campus based mental health assistance in selected students in President Ramon

Magsaysay State University A.Y. 2022-2023.

INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS

Survey Questionnaire Improve the Mental Health

Profile of the Respondents Statistical Tools
1.1 Age Frequency and Percentage
1.2 Sex of the selected students in
Weighted Mean
1.3 Course
different departments of

President Ramon Magsaysay

State University.

Figure 1. The Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1 presents the paradigm of the study. The INPUT frame consists of the profile of the

respondents such as age, sex, course and academic performance.

 The PROCESS frame contains the data gathering methods and statistical tools used in the study.

And the OUTPUT frame, shows the outcome of this study and to identify the accommodation of

campus based mental health assistance and provide interventions.