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rmwdum

1/ jA[®p&kd w
f &m;awmfBu;D yxrydik ;f

2/ jA[®p&kd w
f &m;awmfBu;D 'kw,
d ydik ;f

3/ jA[®p&kd w
f &m;awmfBu;D wwd,ydik ;f

4/ jA[®p&kd w
f &m;awmfBu;D pwkwy¬ ikd ;f
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 1

1327-ck? 0gacgifvjynfhaeYwGif
jrefrmEdkifiHtoHvTifhXmerS
aus;Zl;½Sifr[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
toHvTifha[mMum;awmfrlaom

jA[®p&kd w
f &m;awmfBu;D
yxrydik ;f
,ck bke;f BuD;a[mrnfh w&m;awmfuawmh jA[®p&kd w f &m; awmfjzpfygw,f/ bke;f BuD;u rsm;aomtm;jzifh
0dyóemw&m;udo k m a[mMum;avh½ydS gw,f? 0dyóemqdw k muawmh vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f vJ rusihEf ikd b
f ;l ? NyD;awmh
usifw
h hJ olrmS om tusdK;xl;udk &Edik w f t hJ wGuf y&d[w d ESihf rqdik o
f vdvk v
kd J jzpfaeygw,f? 'gaMumifh 'DuaeYawmh
vlwikd ;f vJ usifEh ikd Nf yD; y&[dwESiv
hf q
J ikd w
f hJ jA[®p&kd w
f &m;udk a[mzdYk pDpOfxm;ygw,f/

jA[®p&kd wf &m;qdw k m arwåm u½kPm rk'w d m Oayu©mqdw k hJ 'Dw&m;av;yg;ygbJ? 'D 4-yg;xJu arwåmqdw k m
olrsm;awGvJ ud, k v f b
kd J csr;f omcsiMf uayvdrrhf ,fvYkd ud,k cf si;f pmNyD;awmh olwpfyg;awGukd csr;f omapvdw k hJ oabm
ygbJ? u½kPmqdw k m ud, k ahf tmufuvlawG 'kua© &mufae½SmMuwJh olawGukd ud, k cf sif;pmw&m;eJY oem;MuifemwJh
oabmygbJ? rk'w d mqdw k m ud, k t
f xufu vlawG ud, k xhf uf jynfph w kH hJ csr;f omwJh vlawGukd csr;f omNrJ csr;f omMu
ygapvdYk 0rf;ajrmufMunfompGmeJY ESv;kH oGi;f Edik w f hJ oabmygbJ? Oayu©mqdw k m owå0gawG[m ud, k w
f ikd ûf yvkyx
f m;
wJh trlut H m;avsmpf mG jzpfaeMu&wmbJvYkd bufrvdu k b
f J rQrQwwESv;kH oGi;f wJh oabmygbJ/

'Dw&m; 4-yg;udk tbd"r®ma'owmrSm tyÜrnmqdw k hJ trnfeYJ a[mxm;ygw,f? tm;vH;k aom owå0gawG


tay:rSm tuefYtowfr½Sb d J yGm;csifoavmufymG ;rsm;aumif;wJwh &m;? yGm;rsm;zdYk e,fy,ftuefY towfr½Sw d hJ w&m;
vdYk qdv
k ykd gw,f? okweå af 'oemawGrmS awmh 'Dw&m;awGukd trsm;tm;jzifh jA[®0[ d m&vdYk trnfay;xm;ygw,f?
jrwfaom aexdik af &;w&m;vdYk qdv k ykd gw,f? r[ma*g0dEo´ w k rf mS awmh jA[®mp&d,vdYk trnfay;xm;ygw,f?
'gaMumifh jA[®p&kd w
f &m;vdYk ac:a0:ajymqdak eMuygw,f? teuft"dymÜ ,ftm;jzifah wmh jrwfaomtusifv h Ykd qdkvdkyg
w,f/

'DjA[®p&kd wf &m;[m vlrsdK;ra½G; bmomra½G; vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f usifo h ;kH oifw


h hJ w&m;jzpfygw,f/ pOf;pm;
MunfMh uyg? rdr\ d tusdK;udpö NyD;ajrmufatmif apwem0efxrf;oabmjzifh ulnaD qmif½u G af y;rnfqv kd Qif b,fou l
vufrcHbJ jiif;y,frmS vJ? b,forl S jiif;y,frmS r[kwyf gbl;? tm;vH;k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJY vufcMH urSmcsn;f ygbJ?
tJ'g bmoabmxifovJ csrf;omapvdw k hJ arwåmudk vlwikd ;f uvufcEH ikd wf t hJ wGuf tJ'aD rwåmudk vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f
usifo h ifw h ,fqw kd m azmfjyaewJh oabmygbJ? vufawGYvJ prf;MunfEh ikd yf gw,f? vlwpfa,mufukd ûyH;½Tiw f rhJ sufEmS eJY
Munfv h Qif tJ'v D u l vJ ûyH;½Tiw
f rhJ sufEmS eJYbJ jyefNyD;Munfyh gvdrrhf ,f? vlwpfa,mufukd csdKcsdKomomeJY EIwq f ufvQif
tJ'v D u l vJ csKd csKd omomeJYbJ jyefNyD;EIwq f ufygvdrrhf ,f? vrf;rodwo hJ u
l kd vrf;nTejf yvQif jzpfap? rD;&xm;? oabFm
ponfjzifh c&D;oGm;wJh tcgjzpfap ae&mr&wJo h u
l kd rdrad e&mxJu rQay;vQijf zpfap? av;vHwhJ 0efxyk 0f efy;kd
o,faqmifvmwJv h ul kd az;rulnaD y;vQijf zpfap 'Dvkd apwem arwåmjzifh ulnaD qmif½u G af y;vQif wpfbufom;
yk*Kd¾ vfu aus;Zl;wifrnfjh yif rdru d , kd wf ikd v
f J vlYusif0h wfw&m; ausyGeo f nft h wGuf 0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;omjcif;
tusdK;udk csufcsif;bJ &ygvdrrhf ,f? rdrrd mS tcuftcJ½w dS thJ cgqdk ulnrD nfo h rl sm; ay:vmwwfygw,f? þenf;jzifh
vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f u vlYusif0h wfuo kd Nd yD; arwåmw&m;eJY tcsif;csif;wwfprG ;f Edik o f rQ ulnaD qmif½u G f oGm;Mur,fqv kd Qif
vlYavmuBuD;[m tpOfxm0& omom,m,meJY jzpfomG ;zdYk ½Syd gw,f? 'gaMumifh arwåmw&m;udk vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f
usifo h ;kH oifah Mumif; xif½mS ;ygw,f/

xdYk twlbJ qif;&J'u k © a&mufaewJh vlawGukd u½kPmeJY oem;NyD; ulnaD pmifah ½Smufr,fqv kd Qif jiif;y,f
rnfoh l ½Syd grnfvm;? r½SEd ikd yf gbl;? vufcMH urSm csnf;ygbJ? NyD;awmh &½Sx d m;wJh pD;yGm;OpömeJY &mxl;Xme tvkyt f udik f
eJY ta>ct&H*P k o
f ed f usuo f a&awGeYJ cdik Nf rJwnfwNhH yD; csr;f omNrJ csr;f omaeatmif rk'w d meJY 0rf;ajrmufMunfompGm
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 2

axmufcH tm;ay;rnfqv kd Qifaum jiif;y,frnfo h l ½Syd grnfvm;? r½SEd ikd yf gbl;? vufcMH urSmcsnf;ygbJ? 'gaMumifh
'Du½kPmeJY rk'w
d mudv
k J vlwikd ;f vlwikd ;f usifo
h ;kH oifah Mumif; xif½mS ;ygw,f/

Oyau©mqdw k mvJ arwåm u½kPm rk'w d meJY raqmif½u G Ef ikd w


f hJ ae&mrSm usifo h ;kH oifw
h w
hJ &m;ygbJ? xif½mS ;wJh
om"uESihf jy&vQif vlwpfa,mufrmS &mZ0wfrI a&mufaew,fqykd gawmh? tJ'v D ul kd wwfEikd wf o
hJ u l arwåmeJY
u½kPmeJY tpGr;f ukef tultnDay;oifyh gw,f? 'gayr,fh jypfrx I if½mS ;w,fqNkd yD; aemufq;kH taeeJY tjypf'Pf
ay;vdu k w
f hJ tcgusawmh ulnED ikd w f t
hJ cGit
hf a&; r½Sad wmhb;l ? tJ'v D tkd cgrSm 'DOyu©meJYom tnDtrQ ESv;kH oGi;f oifh
awmhw,f? tjypf'Pfc&H wJh olbufuvdu k Nf yD; wjcm;olawGukd tjypfwifraeoifah wmhb;l ? olYut H wdik ;f vdYk om
rQwpGm ESv;kH oGi;f oifah wmhw,f? ,ck avmavmq,fq,frmS tjypfr½Sb d ;l vdYk xifayr,hf a½S;u ûyvkyx f m;wJh tjypf
½Sv
d Ykd om cH&wmbJvYkd 'Dvo kd m w&m;rQwpGm ESv;kH oGi;f oifah wmhw,f? tJ'g[m Oayu©mbJ? 'gaMumifh Oayu©mudv k J
tcgtm;avsmfpmG usifo h ;kH oifyh gw,f/

'Dawmh jA[®p&kd w
f &m; 4-yg;udk vlwikd ;f usifo h ;kH oifw
h ,f qdw k muawmh xif½mS ;ygNyD? ,ck usifo h ;kH yHu
k kd
tusO;f csKyf ajymr,f? 'gayr,fh 'DuaeYuawmh arwåmw&m;avmufbJ ajymEdik rf ,f? arwåmqdw k m um,uH arwåm?
0pDuH arwåm? raemuH arwåmvdYk 'Dvkd 3-rsdK;½Sw d ,f? ckeuajymcJw h thJ wdik ;f ud,
k cf sif;pmw&m;eJY olwpfyg;tm;
csrf;omatmifvYkd oltusdK;udk ud, k x
f v
d ufa&muf ulnaD qmif½u G af y;wm[m arwåmum,uHygbJ? olrsm; em;
csrf;omatmif ajymqdw k m csrf;omygapvdYk ½Gwq f Nkd yD; arwåmydYk wm? olYtusKd ;udpNö yD;ajrmufatmif nTeMf um;wm?
EIwef YJ pDraH qmif½u
G af y;wm 'gawG[m 0pDuaH rwåmygbJ? olwpfyg;awGukd csrf;omMuygapvdYk pdwo f ufoufeYJ
ESv;kH oGi;faewm[m raemuH arwåmygbJ? 'DraemuHarwåmudak wmh tcgcyford ;f yGm;rsm;Edik yf gw,f/

'DraemuHarwåmudk yGm;rsm;wmuvJ psmef&atmif yGm;rsm;wm&,f? ab;uif; &efuif; yg&rDjzpf ukov kd f


jzpfymG ;rsm;wm&,f 'DvEkd pS rf sdK;½Syd gw,f? psmef&atmif yGm;rsm;enf;ukad wmh ,ckvw kd adk wmif;wJh tcsdeu f av;rSm
jynfph akH tmif rajymEdik yf gbl;? 'gaMumifh ,ckab;uif; &efuif; yg&rDjzpf ukov
kd jf zpf yGm;rsm;yHuk b
kd J ajymr,f/

awGYjrif&orQ vlawGukd tm½Hûk yNyD; ]]csrf;omMuygap? csrf;omMuygap}}vdYk 'Dvv kd J yGm;rsm;Edik yf gw,f? trd
tb q&morm;ponfukd tm½Hûk yNyD;awmh csrf;omMuygap? csrf;omMuygapvdYk 'Dvv kd J yGm;rsm;Edik yf gw,f? ud, k f
arwåm ydYk csifwv hJ al wGukd tm½Hûk yNyD;awmh wdYk trd u
f vlawG csrf;omMuygap? wdYk t&yfuvlawG csrf;omMuygap? wdYk ûrdU
u vlawG csrf;omMuygap? wdYk ½mG uvlawG csrf;omMuygap? ponfjzifv h nf; yGm;rsm;Edik yf gw,f? wpfO;D wpfa,muf
udk jzpfap? trsm;udjk zpfap? tm½Hûk yNyD; 'Dvw kd pfBudrf ESv;kH oGi;f vQif yg&rDuok v
kd f wpfBudrjf zpfw,f? q,fBudrEf v S ;kH
oGi;f vQif q,fBudrjf zpfw,f? tBudrw f pf&m ESv;kH oGi;f vQif tBudrw f pf&m jzpfw,f? oGm;&if;vm&if;vJ 'Darwåmudk
yGm;rsm;Edik yf gw,f/

'gayr,hhf txl;l owdûyzdYk uawmh csrf;omMuygapvdYk pdwef YJ om arwåmyGm;NyD;awmh olwpfyg;awG em;rcsrf;


omatmif? qif;&J'u k a© &mufatmif ajymqdûk yvkyaf evQifawmh tJ'g[m arwåmtppfrjzpfb;l ? pdwef YJ csrf;om ygapvdYk
arwåmydYk wthJ wdik ;f ud,
k ef YJ EIwef YJ a&m olwpfyg;csrf;omatmif wwfEikd o
f rQaqmif½u
G Ef ikd rf S arwåmtppf atmifatmif
jrifjrif jzpfw,fvYkd vJ rSw&f r,f/

,ck xdx
k ufus,fjyefYwhJ ig;&mhEpS q
f ,f ½Spo
f ,
G af rwåmydYk yu
kH kd twdck sHK;NyD; ajymOD;r,f/

oaAÁowåm-tm;vH;k om owå0gawG? ta0&ma[mEÅK-&efuif;Muygap? 'DvEkd v S ;kH oGi;f wmu arwåmwpfyg;?


tAsmyZÆma[mEÅK-pdwq f if;&Juif;Muygap? 'guvJ arwåmwpfyg;? (pdwq f if;&Jqw kd m pdwn f pfwm? pdwyf w l m?
0rf;enf;wm? aMumufvefYwm? cspfwo hJ al wGeYJ uGaJ e&vdYk pd;k &dryf al qG;aewm? pD;yGm;OpömawG qH;k ½H;I ysufp;D vdYk pdwEf v S ;kH
xdcukd af ewm 'Dv[kd mawGygbJ/ tJ'v D kd pdwq f if;&JawG uif;MuygapvdYk qdv k ykd gw,f/) teDCma[mEÅK-ud, k q f if;&J
uif;Muygap? 'guvJ arwåmwpfyg;? okct d wåmeH y&d[EÅK-csrf;ompGmeJY rdrw d Ykd cE¨m0efukd aqmif½u G Ef ikd Mf uygap?
'guvnf; arwåmwpfyg;? (owå0gawGrmS rdrw d Ykd cE¨m0efukd aqmif½u G af eMu&wm[m tifrwef 0efav;ygw,f?
'DcE¨m0eftwGuf pm;0wfaea&; usef;rma&; jynfph akH tmif ½SmBuHaeMu&wm[m tifrwef qif;&Jygw,f? tJ'q D if;&J
'kua© wGrS uif;a0;NyD; csrf;csrf;omomeJY rdrw d Ykd cE¨m0efukd aqmif½u G Ef ikd Mf uygapvdYk qdv k ykd gw,f?) tJ ,ckajymcJw h m
awG[m owå0g tm;vH;k udk tm½Hûk yNyD; arwåmyGm;yHk 4-yg; wJh/
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 3

xdkYtwlbJ oaAÁygPm-tm;vH;k touf½o dS al wG? oaAÁbw l m-tm;vH;k xif½mS ;jzpfoal wG? oaAÁy*k a¾ vm-
tm;vH;k yk*Kd¾ vfawG? oaAÁtwåbm0y&d,yEém-tm;vH;k cE¨mud, k f twåabm ½So d al wG-qdw k hJ 'D 4-yk'ef YJ vJ ckeu
arwåmyGm;yHk 4-yg;udk toD;toD; wGNJ yD; arwåmydYk &ygw,f? 'gaMumifh rlvyk'f ig;ckukd ckeu arwåmav;vDeYJ ajr§muf
vdu
k v
f Qif arwåmaygif; 20-&ygw,f? tJ'gawG[m owå0gtm;vH;k udck snf; &nfneT ;f wJt h wGuf taem"do arwåmvdYk
ac:ygw,f? tydik ;f tjcm; tuefYtowf r½Sw d hJ arwåmvdYk qdv k ykd gw,f/

aemufNyD;awmh oAÁm £w¬ad ,m-tm;vH;k aom trsdK;orD;awG ponfjzifh 2-ydkif;pD cGJNyD;ydkYwmu 4-yk'f ? 3-
ydik ;f cGNJ yD;ydYk wmu 3-yk'?f aygif; 7-yk'f ½Sad o;w,f? tJ'D 7-yk'u
f vkd J ta0&ma[mEÅK-&efuif;Muygap tp½Sw d hJ
arwåmyGm;yHk av;vDeYJ ajr§mufvu kd af wmh 28 &w,f? tJ'D 28-yg;uawmh trsdK;orD;oefYoefY trsdK;om;oefYoefY
ponfjzifh ydik ;f jcm;uefYowfNyD;ydYk wt hJ wGuf MordoarwåmvdYk ac:w,f/ tJ'D Mo"do 28-yg;eJY ckeu taem"do 20-
udk aygif;vdu k v
f Qif arwåm 48-yg;&w,f/

xdYk twl ta½SUt&yfu tm;vH;k owå0gawG &efuif;Muygap ponfjzifh ydYk wmuvJ 48-yg;? taemuft&yf?
ajrmuft&yf? awmift&yf? ta½SYawmift&yf? taemufajrmuft&yf? ta½SUajrmuft&yf? taemufawmift&yf?
atmuft&yf? txuft&yfawGuvnf; enf;wlb?J 48-yg;pD&w,f? 'gaMumifh t&yfq,f rsufEmS rSm arwåm 480-
&ygw,f? tJ'gawGu t&yfrsufEmS eJY ydik jf cm;NyD;jzefYwt hJ wGuf 'domz&ParwåmvdYk ac:w,f? tJ'D 480-xJrmS ckeu
taem"do Mo"doarwåm 48-yg;udk aygif;xnfv h ukd v f Qif 528-oG,f arwåmjzpfw,f? tJ'D 528-oG,f arwåmt&
bke;f BuD;u ,cktoHviT ½hf u kH aeNyD; arwåmydYk r,f? w&m;emaeMuonfh "r®rmruyk*Kd¾ vfawG tm;vH;k uvJ pdwef YJ
vduk Nf yD; arwåmydYk Muyg/

tm;vH;k owå0gawG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq


f if;&Juif;Muygap? ud,
k q
f if;&Juif;Muygap? csr;f ompGmeJY
rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/
tm;vH;k touf½o dS al wG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq
f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,
k q
f if;&J uif;Muygap?
csrf;ompGmeJY rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/
tm;vH;k xif½mS ;jzpfoal wG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,
k q
f if;&J uif;Muygap?
csrf;ompGmeJY rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/
tm;vH;k yk*Kd¾ vfawG ab;&ef uif;Muygap? pdwq
f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,
k q
f if;&J uif;Muygap? csrf;ompGmeJY
rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/
tm;vH;k cE¨mud, k tf wåabm½So d al wG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq
f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,
k q
f if;&J
uif;Muygap? csr;f ompGmeJY rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/
tJ'gawGu taem"doarwåm 20-wJh

tm;vH;k trsdK;orD;awG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,


k q
f if;&J uif;Muygap?
csrf;ompGmeJY rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k trsdK;om;awG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,


k q
f if;&J uif;Muygap?
csrf;ompGmeJY rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/
tm;vH;k t&d,myk*Kd¾ vfawG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,
k q
f if;&J uif;Muygap?
csrf;ompGmeJY rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/
tm;vH;k ykxZk OfawG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq
f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,
k q
f if;&J uif;Muygap? csrf;ompGmeJY
rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 4

tm;vH;k ewfjA[®mawG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,


k q
f if;&J uif;Muygap?
csrf;ompGmeJY rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k vlawG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq


f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,
k q
f if;&J uif;Muygap? csr;f ompGmeJY
rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k tyg,fbo kH l tyg,fb;kH om;awG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud,


k q
f if;&J
uif;Muygap? csr;f ompGmeJY rdrwd Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap/

'gawG[m Mo"doarwåm 28-yg;wJh/

,ck t&yfrsufEmS 10-yg;eJY arwåmydYk yu


kH kd twdck sHK;NyD; ajymr,f/

ta½SYt&yfu tm;vH;k owå0gawG ab;&efuif;Muygap? pdwq f if;&J uif;Muygap? ud, k q


f if;&J uif;Muygap?
csrf;ompGmeJY rdrw
d Ykd cE¨m0efukd ½Guaf qmifEikd Mf uygap? a½S;enf;wl 48-yg; tjynfth pHyk Ykd &r,f/

taemuft&yfu tm;vH;k owå0gawG ab;&efuif;Muygap? enf;wl 48-yg;bJ/

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jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 7

Edik yf gw,f? ydu


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uvJ pdwef YJ vu
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tm;vH;k owå0gawG qif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufMuygap/


tm;vH;k touf½o dS al wG qif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufMuygap/
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'gutaem"do u½kPm 5-yg;wJh/

tm;vH;k trsdK;orD;awG qif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufMuygap/


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tm;vH;k vlom;awG qif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufMuygap/

tm;vHk; tyg,fbHkol tyg,fbo kH m;awG qif;&JrS vGwaf jrmufMuygap/ 'gu Mo"dou½kPm 7-yg;wJ?h
ckeu 5-yg;eJY aygif;vdkuf&if u½kPm 12-yg; jzpfygw,f/

'Denf;twdik ;f bJ ta½SUt&yfu tm;vH;k owå0gawG qif;&J'u k r© S vGwaf jrmufMuygap-ponfjzifh ta½SU?


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vdu
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'kuy© w
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b,yÜwmå p edA, Ç m?
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a[mEÅK oaAÁyd ygPdaem/

'kuy© w
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jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 8

uif;y csr;f omMuukeo f nf? a[mEÅK-jzpfMuygapukeof wnf;? aomuyÜwmå -pd;k &dryf al qG;jcif;odYk a&mufí aeMuukef
aom? oaAÁy-d tvH;k pHv
k nf;jzpfuek af om? ygPdaem p-owå0g wdYk onfvnf;? edaómum-pd;k &dru f if;y csr;f om
Muukeo
f nf? a[mEÅK-jzpfMuygapukeo f wnf;/

jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmf 'kwd,ydkif; NyD;\/


jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 9

1329-ck? awmfovif;vjynfhaeYwGif
jrefrmEdkifiHtoHvTifhXmerS
aus;Zl;½Sifr[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
toHvTifha[mMum;awmfrlaom

jA[®p&kd w
f &m;awmfBu;D
wwd,ydik ;f
'DuaeYa[mrnfw
h &m;uawmh vGefcJhwJh 1328-ckEpS f 'kw, d 0gqdk vjynfah eYu a[mcJw
h hJ jA[®p&kd w f &m;awmf
&JU tqufygbJ/ tJ'ED pS u f a[mcJw h mu 'kw, d ydik ;f ? ,ckEpS af [mrSmu wwd,ydik ;f aygh? 'kw, d ydik ;f rSm u½kPm
yGm;yHu
k kd a[mcJw
h ,f? wwd,ydik ;f rSm rk'w
d m yGm;yHu
k kd a[m&r,f/

rk'w
d mqdwk m ud,
k thf xufuvlawG? ud, k x hf ufjynfph w kH hJ csr;f omwJv
h al wGukd csr;f omNrJ csr;f omMuygapvdYk
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJY ESv;kH oGi;f Edik w
f ohJ abmbJ qdw k mudk yxrydik ;f rSm ajymcJyh gNyD? tJ'rD mS ud, k x
hf ufomwJoh al wGukd
xkwjf y&wmuawmh arwåm u½kPmwdYk EiS hf EdiI ;f ,SONf yD; rk'w d m jzpfymG ;apzdYk v, G uf w l hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawGtaeeJY txl;xkwf
jyjcif; jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh jA[®p&kd w f &m;qdw k m yk*Kd¾ vfra½G;bJ tm;vH;k aom owå0gawGrmS yGm;rsm;oifw h w hJ &m;
jzpfygw,f? 'gaMumifh ud, k ef YJ wefww l hJ yk*Kd¾ vfawGa&m? ud, k afh tmufy*k Kd¾ vfawGa&m tJ'gawGukd tm½Hûk yNyD; rk'w d mudk
yGm;Edik yf gw,f? 'gayr,fh ppcsif;qd&k ifawmh uk, d ahf tmuf yk*Kd¾ vfawGukd pOf;pm;Munfv h u kd ,
f if 0rf;ajrmufzYkd xuf
oem;zdYk u omNyD; eD;pyfaeygw,f? wef;wly*k Kd¾ vfawGtwGuq f , kd ifvJ arwåmyGm;zdYk u ydNk yD;eD;pyfaeygw,f? 'gaMumifh
yxrydik ;f wke;f u o½kycf jJG ycJ&h mrSm ud, k x
hf ufomwJo h al wGuo kd m rk'w d myGm;p&m 0rf;ajrmufp&m yk*Kd¾ vftjzpfeYJ
xkwjf ycJjh cif; jzpfygw,f/

'gayr,fh ud, k x
hf ufom remvdq k w
kd hJ pum;yHt
k wdik ;f trsm;tm;jzifh owå0gawGrmS ud, k xfh ufomwmudk
jrif&? Mum;&? od&,if rsurf ek ;f usKd ;rI remvdrk u
I jzpfwwfw,f? tJ'D remvdrk [ I m rk'w
d m&JU qefYusib
f uf &efob
l ?J
tukov kd yf mG ;wJo
h abmygbJ/

olu rsuaf rSmufb0rSmvJ raumif;usKd ;awGukd ay;wwfw,f? aemifwrvGerf mS vJ tyg,fqif;&J oHo&m


qif;&JawG ay;wwfw,f? tJ'gudk yHpk x
H w
k jf y&,if-
(1) a½S;wke;f u bk&ifwpfyg;udk a&csdK;NyD;cgprSm armif;ri,f wpfa,mufu olYvufukd rD;td;k uif;rSm uifNyD;
awmh tJ'v D ufeYJ yGww f u
kd f qkwef ,fNyD; ûypkaeowJ?h tJ'gudk rdz&k m;BuD;u remvdw k t hJ wGuf tJ'aD rmifr&JU ud,
k f
ay:rSm rD;td;k uif;xJu rD;usD;awGeYJ avmif;csvdu k w
f ,f? tJ'rD aumif;rIaMumifh tJ'rD zd &k m;BuD;[m i&JrmS usa&mufNyD;
tESpof ed ;f aygif;rsm;pGm 'kuc© &H NyD;wJah emuf &mZû*d[ûf rdUteD; *dZÑuk#af wmifrmS &J&aJ wmufaewJh rD;usDcaJ wGeYJ
tavmifcaH e&wJh Nydwmå rBuD; jzpfae&½Smw,f/

(2) aemufNyD;awmh uóyjrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufawmfu &[ef;wpfyg;[mvJ &[EÅmwpfyg;udk remvdk


jypfrsm;cJwh hJ tukov kd uf aH Mumifh i&JrmS usa&mufNyD;wJah emuf ,cka*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m; vufxufrmS avmouwdó
qdw k hJ vljzpfvmNyD; tBuD;tus,f 'kua© &muf&½Smw,f? tJ'D avmouwdóy#doaE¨ aeuwnf;u olYrb d awG
eJYwuG wpf½mG vH;k [m rD;ab;? rif;ab;? iwfrw G f acgif;yg;wJah b;awG oifMh u&w,f? 'geJY½mG udk ESpyf ikd ;f cGv
J u
kd w f ,f?
tJ't D cgusawmhvJ olygwJt h ydik ;f rSm 'kua© &mufMu&w,f? 'gaMumifh aemufvJ xyfumxyfum ½Gmudck MJG u&jyefw,f?
cGw
J ikd ;f cGw
J ikd ;f olygwJh tydik ;f rSm 'kua© &muf&wmcsnf;bJ? aemufq;kH usawmh olYrb d wpftrd w f nf; wpfyikd ;f jzpfomG ;
w,f? tJ'DtcgrSmvJ olwYkd wpftrd w f nf; 'kua© &mufMu&w,f? 'gaMumifh avmouwdó pum;ajymEdik ?f oGm;vm
Edik wf hJ tcgusawmh rdbawGuvJ olYukd pGeYf ypfNyD; oifah wmf&m tvGwx f u
G of mG ;Muw,f? avmouwdóvJ
cGuu f av;wpfcek YJ a&mufwwf&m&moGm;NyD; awmif;&rf;pm;ae&½Smw,f? waeYrS 00vifvifpm;&w,fvYkd r½Sb d ;l wJ?h
aemiftcsderf mS t½Sio f m&dyw k &å mu olYuo kd em;vdYk ½Si&f [ef;ûyay;xm;w,f? ½Si&f [ef;jzpfwt hJ cgvJ olYrmS 00vifvif
pm;aomufavmufatmif qGr;f r&½Smbl;wJ?h oleYJ twlwl qGr;f cHomG ;,if tjcm;&[ef;awmfawGawmif qGr;f aumif;
aumif; r&Mubl;wJ?h aemufq;kH y&deAd mÁ efûyrnfah eYrmS awmif t½Sio f m&dyw
k &å mu olYqD tydYk cikd vf u
kd w f hJ qGr;f [m
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 10

olYqrD a&mufb;l ? olYukd trSwrf &bJ vrf;wGipf m;ypfvu kd w


f ,f? t½Sio f m&dywk &å mu vmNyD;ar;rS qGr;f rpm;&
ao;rSe;f od&wmeJY oHa0* jzpfawmfr&l w,f? tcsed u f vJ aerGe;f vGaJ ewmeJY pwkr"lqrG ;f udk cH,v l mNyD; t½Siaf vmu
owdóudk auR;&w,f? 'gawmif olYvufxaJ y;vdu k , f if uG,af ysmufomG ;rSmpd;k vdYk t½Sio
f m&dywk &å m vufxu J bJ
,lpm;apw,f? olYwpfb0vH;k rSm tJ'w D pfaeYbJ 00vifvif bkO;f ay;oH;k aqmif&owJ?h tJ'aD eYrmS bJ y&deAd mÁ ef pHawmf
rl&w,f? £ómqdw k hJ remvdrk [
I m y&deAd mÁ efp&H rnfah eYxad tmif vduk Nf yD;raumif;usdK; ay;w,fqakd wmh tifrwefukd
aMumufp&maumif;ygw,f/

(3) bk&m;vufxufumvu aumorÁjD ynfrmS aCmouqdw k hJ ausmif;'um aoa|;wpfO;D ½Scd w hJ ,f?


i,fpOfwek ;f u olYuakd rG;wJh tbaoa|;BuD;u om;&if;uav;&vmwJt h cg aCmouoli,fukd rvdv k m;wmeJY 6-
Budrf wdik w
f ikd f ao&maoaMumif; BuHpnfûyvkyw f ,f? 'gayr,fh aouHra&mufoufraysmuf qdw k mvdb k J olYrmS
aozdYk &m uHurygwJt h wGuf aoab;rS vGwcf w hJ ,f? tJ'D 6-Budrx f rJ mS wpfBudru f awmh td;k zkww f hJ zdBk uD;xJrmS
xnfNh yD; rD;zkwv f u
kd zf Ykd td;k xde;f onfxH aCmou oli,fukd apvTwv f u
kd w
f ,f? vrf;ckvyfrmS aoa|;BuD;&JU
om;t&if;u cHn k if;xd;k upm;ay;zdYk awmif;yefw,f? zcifu td;k xde;f onfxH apvTwv f u kd wf hJ taMumif;ajymawmh
tJ'D aoa|;om;t&if;u cHn k if;omEdik af tmif xd;k &pfyg? olomG ;ay;ygr,fqNkd yD; td;k xde;f onfxo H mG ;w,f? td;k xde;f
onfuvJ tJ'D oli,fukd aCmoubJxifNyD; aoa|;BuD;&JU trdeYf twdik ;f td;k zdx k x
J nfNh yD; rD;zkwv f u kd w
f ,f? tJ'D
taMumif;udk aoa|;BuD; od&wJt h cg tvGet f uJ pdwq f if;&J 'kua© &muf&½Smw,f? pdwEf v S ;kH ylyefNyD; a&m*ga0'em
tBuD;tus,f pGu J yfc&H w,f? tJ'aD &m*geJYbJ aemufq;kH rSm aooGm;&½Smw,f? 'gvJ remvdrk &I UJ raumif;usdK;bJ/

'gaMumifh ]]olrsm;remvdk ud, k t


f usdK;r½S}d }vdYk ajymprSwûf yMuw,f? wpfcgu bke;f BuD;ausmif; wpfcrk mS
zd;k olawmfwpfa,muf½o dS wJ?h tJ'D zd;k olawmfu ]]olrsm;remvdk ud, k t
hf usdK;r½S}d } qdw
k hJ 'Dpum;yHk uav;udk rMumcP
½GwfqNdk yD; w&m;ESv;kH oGi;f aeowJ?h tJ'aD usmif;rSm ud;k uG,Nf yD; oGm;vm0ifxu G af ewJh 'umrBuD;wpfa,mufu
zd;k olawmf ½Gwq f akd ewJh pum;udk cPcP Mum;&awmh olYapmif;NyD; ½Gwq f akd ew,fvYkd xifNyD; zd;k olawmftay:rSm
&efûid;zGUJ oGm;owJ?h 'geJY 'umrBuD;u rkeYf xrJ mS tqdyx f nfNh yD; zd;k olawmfukd vªowJ?h zd;k olawmfuvJ r&pzl;? txl;&
wJh rkeYf bv J Ykd tav;tjrwfûyNyD; bk&m;rSm qGr;f awmfuyfvu kd o
f wJh rkeYf vw ª hJ 'umrBuD;&JUom;uvJ tJ'D ausmif;rSm
ausmif;om;tjzpfeYJ aewJt h wGuf tJ'aD usmif;om;u qGr;f awmfuyfxm;wJh tJ'rD ek Yf ukd aumufNyD; pm;rdvYkd tqdyo f ifh
NyD; ao½SmowJ?h 'Dawmh rkeYf vw ª 'hJ umrBuD;u zd;k olawmfraobJ olYom;aoaewmudk awGY&wJt h wGuf (olrsm;remvdk
ud, k t
f usdK;r½S)d qdw k hJ zd;k olawmf ur®|mef;udk oabmaygufNyD; ]]OD;olawmf ur®|mef;? ighu&kd rf;? jzef;jzef;uGaJ vNyD}}vdYk
jrnfwrf;idak <u;½SmowJh/

,ckajymcJwh mawG[m rk'w d mudyk mG ;aprnfh yk*Kd¾ vfrmS rk'w


d m&JU qefYusib
f uf&efojl zpfwhJ £ómqdw
k hJ
remvdrk u
I kd tjypfjrifNyD; rk'w
d mudk yGm;apEdik zf Ykd om"uawGygbJ/

olwpfyg;BuD;yGm;csr;f omwmudk 0rf;ajrmufMunfomEdik w f hJ rk'w d mw&m;uawmh tifrwef at;csr;f ygw,f?


0rf;ajrmufMunfomaewke;f vJ pdwx f rJ mS csr;f omygw,f? rnfo h rl mS pD;yGm; OpömawG wd;k wufaeowJ?h vkyif ef;awG
atmifjrifaeowJ?h pmar;yGaJ tmifowJ?h bGUJ xl;&owJ?h &mxl;wd;k owJh ponfjzifh Mum;& awGY& od&,if ]]aumif;yg
ayw,f? aumif;ygayw,f? BuD;yGm;NrJ BuD;yGm;ygap? csr;f omNrJ csr;f omygap? &xm;wJ&h mxl; XmeEÅ&eJY wnfNrJygap
ponfjzifh 0rf;ajrmufMunfom oabmwlwm[m rk'w d mbJ? tifrwef Munfvifat;jrygw,f? ydu k q
f H wpfjym;
wpfcsyrf S ruke&f bJeYJ BuD;yGm;csr;f omaMumif; ukov kd af wG woGio f iG f jzpfymG ;aeygw,f? odyaf e&muswmbJ/

rk'w
d mudk yGm;apwJt
h wGuf aumif;usKd ;csr;f omudk rsuaf rSmufb0rSmvJ &wwfygw,f? aemifwrvGerf mS vJ
&wwfygw,f/

(1) rsufarSmufrmS tusdK;&yHu k awmh to'do'ge0w¬Kjzifh xif½mS ;ygw,f? yaoe'Daumoorif;BuD;u


wpfaeYwnf;eJY 14-uka# tukecf NH yD; to'do tvªawmfBuD;udk ay;vªw,fvYkd qdyk gw,f? tJ'gudk umVqdw k hJ
trwfBuD;u b@mawmfaiGawG 14-uka# tv[ó ysufp;D oGm;w,fvYkd uJ&h UJ a0zefw,f? ZkPq S w
kd hJ trwfBuD;
uawmh jynf½iS rf if;rdYk om 'Dvt
kd vªBuD;udk ay;vªEikd w
f mbJ? igvJ 'Dvkd tvªBuD;udk ay;vªcsifygbdawmhw,fvYkd
0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om om"k tEkarm'em ûyw,f? tJ'D taaMumif;udk bk&ifrif;jrwfu Mum;od&wJt h cg uJ&h UJ wJh umV
trwfBuD;udk jynfEiS 'f Pfay;w,f? tEkarm'emûywJh ZkPt S rwfBuD;udk 7-&ufywfv;kH rif;tjzpfay;NyD; rdrv d b
kd J
to'dotvªawmfBuD; ay;vªapowJ?h tJ'g[m rk'w d m&JU tusdK;udk rsufarSmufb0rSm &yHk om"uygbJ/
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 11

(2) aemifwrvGerf mS tusdK;&yHak wGuawmh tvGeb f rJ sm;ygw,f? bk&m;vufxufawmfwek ;f u trsdK;orD;


wpfa,muf[m 0domcg&JU ausmif;tvªukd 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om tEkarm'em ûy½Ho k ufoufeYJ wm0wðomewfjynfrmS
tifrwefBuD;us,fwhJ ewfbAkH rd mef ta>ct&HawGeYJ wuG *kPo f ed Bf uD;wJh ewforD; zj pfaew,f? aemufNyD;awmh wcsKd Y
vlawG[m ukov kd u
f H r½Sw
d t
hJ wGuf Nydwmå b0a&mufNyD; pm;&rJh aomuf&rJh 0wf&rJh twd'u k © a&mufae&mrSm aqGrsKd ;
Ówd rdwo f *F[rsm;u 'geukov kd ûf yNyD; trQay;a0wJt
h cg om"ktEkarm'em ûyMuwJt h wGuf ewfpnf;pdrf csrf;om
awGukd csufcsif;bJ &oGm;Muw,f? 'gawG[m 'Dae&mrSm oufaoom"uawGygbJ/

tJ'v D u kd o
k v
kd af &;rSmom r[kwaf o;ygbl;? avmua&;&mawGrmS vJ olrsm;BuD;yGm;csr;f omwmudk 0rf;ajrmuf
MunfomEdik w f thJ wGuf ewf½mG ok*wdukd a&muf&wJt h jyif vlYb0a&mufvmwJh tcgrSmvJ olrsm;xuf ta>ct&H
aygrsm;NyD; BuD;yGm;csr;f om&aMumif;udk plVur®0b
d *Fowk rf mS jrwfpmG bk&m;u txift½Sm; a[mxm;ygw,f/

'gaMumifh 'Dr'k w
d m w&m;[m ukov
kd af &;eJY pyfNyD;awmh jzpfjzpf? avmua&;eJY pyfNyD;awmh jzpfjzpf yGm;rsm;
oifah Mumif; tifrwef xif½mS ;aeygw,f/

yGm;rsm;yHu
k awmh 'Dr'k w d mrSmvJ arwåm u½kPmwdYk vb kd J um,uH 0pDuH raemuHtm;jzifh 3-rsdK;½Sdygw,f?
'gaMumifh BuD;yGm;csrf;omaewJo h ul kd BuD;yGm;NrJ BuD;yGm;csrf;omaeEdik af tmif ud, k ef YJ tultnDay;p&m tcGiahf y:vm,if
ud,k ef YJ tultnDay;yg? tJ'g[m um,uHr'k w d mwJ?h EIwef YJ tultnDay;p&m½S, d if pGr;f Edik o
f rQ ajymqdNk yD; tultnD
ay;yg? Oyrm-vlwpfa,mufrmS &mxl;*kPo f ed f pnf;pdeOf pöm wnfNrJa&;twGuf rdru d 0ifa&mufNyD; ulnD ajymqdak y;rS
jzpfrnfqv kd Qif ulnaD jymqdak y;yg? vlwpfa,mufukd taMumif;rJh *kPo f ud m© usatmif ajymqdak ewmudk Mum;&vQif
pGr;f Edik yf gu trSeu f kd ½Si;f vif; xkwaf zmfNyD; xdo k &l UJ *kPo
f u
d m© udk axmufcaH jymqdyk g? 'guawmh 0pDurH 'k w d mwJ/h

raemuH rk'w d myGm;yHuk awmh psmef&atmif yGm;rsm;wmvJ ½Sw


d ,f? yg&rDjzpf ukovkd jf zpfymG ;rsm;wmvJ ½Sw d ,f?
'DEpS rf sdK;xJu psmef&atmif yGm;rsm;enf;udak wmh ,ckvkd tcsdet f enf;i,ftwGi;f rSm ajymvdYk rjynfph EkH ikd b
f ;l ? 'gaMumifh
yg&rDjzpf? ukov kd jf zpf yGm;rsm;yHu
k b
kd J ajymr,f/

BuD;yGm;csr;f omwJh olawGukd jrifawGU&wdik ;f Mum;od&wdik ;f ]]qkw, f wk jf cif; r½Sb


d ?J 0rf;ajrmufNrJ 0rf;ajrmuf
Edik Mf uygap? BuD;yGm;NrJ BuD;yGm;Muygap? csr;f omNrJ csr;f omMuygap}}vdYk ESv;kH oGi;f yGm;rsm;&r,f? tJ'v D kd wpfred pf
avmuf ESv;kH oGi;f yGm;rsm;ae,if tJ'D wpfred pfavmuftwGi;f rSm rk'w d mbm0emukov kd af wG jzpfw,f? q,fred pf
avmuf ESv;kH oGi;f yGm;rsm;ae,if q,fred pfavmuf rk'w d mbm0em ukov kd af wG jzpfw,f? tJ'g[m oGm;&if;vm&if;
vJ awGYjrif& Mum;od&wJh olawGukd tm½Hûk yNyD; ESv;kH oGi;f yGm;rsm;Edik w f ,f? p&dwpf u rukeb f eJ YJ BuD;yGm;csr;f om
aMumif; ukov kd af wG jzpfymG ;w,f? tJ'v
D kd ESv;kH oGi;f Edik w
f mudk jyefvnfpOf;pm;Munf, h ifvJ tifrwef 0rf;omp&m
aumif;w,f? wu,fu h kd aumif;wJt
h vkyyf gbJ/

,ck y#dorÇ'd gr*f ygVdawmfu arwåmbm0emt&mrSm jyxm;wJh taem"do 5-yg;? Mo"do 7-yg;?
'domz&P 120-wdYk t&eJY bke;f BuD;½Gwq f Nkd yD; rk'w
d myGm;r,f? w&m;emaeMuwJh "r®rmru yk*Kd¾ vfawGvJ pdwef YJ
vdu
k Nf yD; rk'w
d myGm;Muyg/

tm;vH;k owå0gawG qkw, f w


k jf cif; r½Sb
d J BuD;yGm;NrJ
BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k ouf½o dS al wG qkw,


f w
k jf cif; r½Sb
d J
BuD;yGm;NrJ BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k xif½mS ;jzpfoal wG qkw, f w k jf cif; r½Sb


d J BuD;yGm;NrJ
BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k yk*Kd¾ vfawG qkw,f w


k jf cif; r½Sb
d J BuD;yGm;NrJ
BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 12

tm;vH;k cE¨mud, k f twåabm½So d al wG qkw, f w


k jf cif; r½Sb
d J
BuD;yGm;NrJ BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

'gu taem"dork'w
d m 5-yg;wJh/

tm;vH;k trsdK;orD;awG qkw, f w


k jf cif; r½Sbd J BuD;yGm;NrJ
BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k trsdK;om;awG qkw, f wk jf cif; r½Sb


d J BuD;yGm;NrJ
BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k t&d,myk*Kd¾ vfawG qkw, f w k jf cif; r½Sb


d J BuD;yGm;NrJ
BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k ykxZk Ofy*k Kd¾ vfawG qkw,


f w k jf cif; r½Sb
d J BuD;yGm;NrJ
BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k ewfjA[®mawG qkw, f wk jf cif; r½Sb


d J BuD;yGm;NrJ
BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k vlom;awG qkw, f w


k jf cif; r½Sb
d J BuD;yGm;NrJ
BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

tm;vH;k tyg,fbo kH l tyg,fbokH m;awG qkw, f w


k jf cif; r½Sb
d J
BuD;yGm;NrJ BuD;yGm;csr;f omum 0rf;ajrmufEidk Mf uygap/

'gu Mo"dork'w
d m 7-yg;wJh? ckeu 5-yg;eJY aygif;vdu
k ,
f if rk'w
d m 12-yg; jzpfygw,f/

'Denf;twdik ;f bJ ta½SYt&yfu tm;vH;k owå0gawG ]]qkw, f w k jf cif; r½Sb


d J BuD;yGm;NrJ BuD;yGm;csr;f omum
0rf;ajrmuf Edik Mf uygap}} ponfjzifh t&yfq,frsuEf mS xJu wpfrsuEf mS ? wpfrsuEf mS rSm rk'w
d m 12-yg;pD jzpfygw,f?
t&yfq,frsufEmS vH;k rSmqdak wmh rk'wd maygif; 120-jzpfygw,f? tJ'D 120-uawmh t&yfq,frsuEf mS eJY jzefYwmrdYk
'domz&P rk'w d mvdYk ac:ygw,f? yxru yGm;cJwh hJ taem"do? Mo"dork'w d m 12-yg;eJY aygif;vduk , f if rk'wd m
aygif; 132-yg; jzpfygw,f/

tJ'D 132-yg;[m trSepf ifppfawmh rk'w d mur®|mef;eJY psmef&NyD;wJth cg psmefupm;wJh tjcif;t&mawGom


jzpfygw,f? psmefr&bJeYJ ,ckajymcJw
h t
hJ wdik ;f yGm;wmuawmh yg&rDjzpf ukov kd jf zpf½rkH QygbJ/

uJ-,ck bke;f BuD;u jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if o


H l Edik if o
H m;awG tm;vH;k udk tm½Hûk yNyD; rk'w
d myGm;vdu
k rf ,f?
pdwef YJ vdu
k Nf yD; ESv;kH oGi;f yGm;rsm;Muyg/

tm;vH;k jrefrmEdik if o
H l jrefrmEdik if o
H m;awG qkw,
f w
k jf cif;r½Sb
d J BuD;yGm;NrJ BuD;yGm;Muygap? csr;f omNrJ
csr;f omMuygap? 0rf;ajrmufNrJ 0rf;ajrmufEikd Mf uygap/

jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; wwd,ydkif; NyD;\/


jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 13

1330-ck? 0gacgifvqkwf 14-&ufaeYwGif


jrefrmEdkifiHtoHvTifhXmerS
aus;Zl;½Sifr[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;
toHvTifha[mMum;awmfrlaom

jA[®p&kd w
f &m;awmfBu;D
pwkwy¬ ikd ;f
'DuaeYa[mrnfw h &m;uawmh vGecf w
hJ hJ 3-ESpu f a[mvmcJw h hJ jA[®p&kd w
f &m;awmf&UJ tqufygbJ? tJ'D 3-
ESpfu a[mcJhwm[m yxr 'kwd, wwd, 3-ydkif;½SdcJhNyD? ,cka[mrSmu pwkw¬ydkif;aygh? tvsif 3-ydik ;f rSm arwåm?
u½kPm? rk'w
d myGm;yHrk sm;udk a[mcJw
h ,f? ,ckpwkwy¬ ikd ;f rSmawmh aemufq;kH jzpfwhJ Oayu©myGm;yHu
k kd a[m&r,f/

Oayu©mqdw k m bufrvdu k b f J tnDtrQ½IwhJ oabmygbJ? 'gaMumifh Oyywå, d w


k adå wm-toift
h avsmf
tnDtrQtm;jzif?h £u©ww D -d ½IwwfaomaMumif?h Oayu©m-Oayu©mrnfw,fvYkd jyqdx k m;Muw,f? tJ'gudk vspvf sL
½Iw,fvYkdvJ jrefrmjyefMuw,f? vspv f sL½Iyu
kH awmh 10-rsdK;awmif ½Syd gw,f? 'gaMumifh t|uxmrSm 'DOayu©mudk
10-rsKd ;cGNJ yD; jyxm;w,f? tJ'D 10-rsKd ;u bmawGvq J ,kd if-
(1) qV*Fak yu©m?
(2) jA[®0[ d m½kayu©m?
(3) aAmZÑ*Fak yu©m?
(4) 0D&,
d ak yu©m?
(5) ocFg½kayu©m?
(6) a0'Ekayu©m?
(7) 0dyóEkayu©m?
(8) wMwrZÑwKå ayu©m?
(9) psmEkayu©m?
(10) yg&do'k K¨ ayu©m- qdw
k hJ 'D 10-rsdK;ygbJ/

'D 10-rsdK;xJrSm trSwf(1) qV*Fkayu©mqdkwm tm½Hk 6-rsdK; taumif;tqd;k udk tnDtrQ½IEikd w


f hJ oabmygbJ?
tJ'g[m &[EÅm&JU *kPx f ;l ygbJ? 'gayr,fh 0dyóema,m*DvJ ocFg½kayu©m ÓPfjzpfcu kd rf mS 'D qV*Fak yu©meJY
tnDtrQ ½IaeyHkudk xif½Sm;awGYEdkifygw,f/

trSwf (2) jA[®0[ d m½kayu©m qdw


k muawmh ,cka[mrnfh Oayu©mygbJ? 'gaMumifh olYukd awmfawmfMumrS
tus,fcsJYNyD; a[m&r,f/

trSwf (3) aAmZÑ*Fak yu©m qdw k muawmh aAmZÑif 7-yg;xJu aemufq;kH jzpfwhJ Oayu©moarÁmZÑif ygbJ?
w&m;ud,k t f m;jzifh wMwrZÑwåwm apwodwyf gbJ? oluoleYJ twltuGjzpfwhJ ,SOaf zmf ,SOzf ufw&m;awGukd
r,kwrf vGef nDrQapw,f? 'gaMumifh olYukd or0g[dw vu©Pm½Sw d ,fvYkd tbd"r®musrf;*efawGrmS jyqdxk m;yg
w,f? 'gayr,fh 'DOayu©maAmZÑi&f UJ jzpfyu kH kd okwr, pdEmÅ ,rQeJYawmh aumif;aumif;oabmaygufzYkd rvG,yf gbl;?
0dyóem½IMunfrh S ud, k ahf wGUtm;jzifh aumif;aumif;oabmayguf wwfygw,f? 0dyóem a,m*D[m O',AÁ,ÓPf
a&mufwt hJ cg nDrQapwJh 'DOayu©m&JU oabmudk (½SO;f pHak umif;wJh EGm;vSn;f armif; ae&ovdb k )J xif½mS ;awGY&yg
w,f/

trSwf (4) 0D&,


d ayu©mqdw
k muawmh orx0dyóem bm0emtcsdK;usaewJt h cgrSm r,kwrf vGef nDrQaewJh
0D&,
d ygbJ? 'guvJ bm0emtvkyu f kd ususee tm;xkwzf ;l wJo
h rl mS rS aumif;aumif;xif½mS ;wwfygw,f/

trSwf (5) ocFg½kayu©mqdw


k muawmh ocFg&w&m;awGukd tnDtrQ½IwhJ oabmygbJ/
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 14

trSwf (6) a0'Ekayu©mqdw


k muawmh a0'em 3-yg;xJu Oayu©ma0'emygbJ/

trSwf (7) 0dyóEkayu©m qdw k muawmh 0dyóem½IaewJh a,m*DrmS tedpö 'ku© tewåoabmawGukd
aumif;aumif;jrifNyD;wJt
h cg tJ'gawGukd rpl;prf;rqifjcifawmhbJ ½kyef mrfw&m;wdYk \ tjzpftysufudk od½Hkod½Hkuav;
tnDtrQ½IomG ;wJh 0dyóemÓPfygbJ? 'guvJ O',AÁ,ÓPf a&mufz;l wJo h rl S ud,
k af wGYtm;jzifh xif½mS ;odEikd yf g
w,f/

trSwf (8) wMwrZÑwåKayu©m qdw k muawmh trSwf (3) wke;f u a[mcJw h hJ wMwrZÑwåwm apwodwyf gbJ?
olu 'ge oDv paom ukov kd t
f rIwYkd ukd BuHwikd ;f ajymwdik ;f ûywdik ;f yg0ifNyD; jzpfaeygw,f? 'gayr,fh omref
ukov
kd pf w
d af wG jzpfcu
kd rf mS awmh olurxif½mS ;bl;? xufoefwhJ bm0em ukov kd pf w
d f jzpfcu
kd rf mS rS oluxif½mS ;
w,f/

(9) psmEkayu©mqdw
k muawmh wwd,psmefeYJ ,OS w
f hJ wMwrZÑww
å m apwodwyf gbJ/

(10) yg&do'k K¨ ayu©mqdwk muvJ pwkwp¬ smefeYJ ,SOfwJh tJ'DapwodwfygbJ/ psmefeJY,SOfwJh 'DOayu©m 2-rsdK;
uawmh psmefawG&wJo
h rl S xif½mS ;odEikd rf ,f? 'gaMumifh 'gawGuakd wmh tus,frajymawmhb;l /

,ckajymcJw h hJ Oayu©m 10-rsKd ;xJrmS ,aeYa[m&rSmuawmh trSwf 2-rSm jycJw h hJ jA[®0[ d m½kayu©mygbJ?
'DOayu©m&JU oabmuawmh ]]owå0gawG[m ud, k w
f ikd ûf yvkyxf m;wJh uHtm;avsmfpmG jzpfaeMu&wmbJ}}vdYk
bufrvdu k b f J rQrQww ESv;kH oGi;f wJh oabmjzpfaMumif;udk yxrydik ;f wke;f u ajymcJyh gNyD? 'gaMumifh olYuykd mG ;wJh
tcgrSm arwåm? u½kPm? rk'w d mwdYk vkd owå0gawGtm; tusdK;ûywJt h aeeJY yGm;&wmr[kwb f J oaAÁowåm ur®óum
vdYk qdw k t hJ wdik ;f ]]owå0gawG[m olwYkd ud, k wf ikd ûf yxm;wJh trI=uHomvQif ud, k yf ikd Of pöm½SMd uwmbJ? aumif;wJh
trIuu H kd ûywJo h l awG[m aumif;pm;csr;f omMurSmbJ? qd;k wJh trIuu H kd ûywJo
h al wG[m qif;&J'u k © a&mufMurSmbJ?
olYuEH iS o
hf l olYtrIEiS o hf b
l }J }vdYk 'Dvkd vspfvsL½INyD; yGm;&ygw,f/

'Dvqkd akd wmh 'DOayu©mu ]]b,foal oao iawrm,ifNyD;a,m}} qdo k vdk olwpfyg;\ tusdK;pD;yGm;
aqmif½u G wf hJ oabmrygwJt h wGuf raumif;wJw h &m;? pdr;f um;wJwh &m;bJvYkd wcsdKYu tjypfwifcsifvJ wifMu
ayvdrrhf ,f? trSeu f awmh 'Dvv kd J tjypfrwifxu kd yf gbl;? 'DOayu©mu ae&mwdik ;f rSm yGm;&wm r[kwyf gbl;?
tjcm;enf;eJY rjzpfEikd wf hJ olYae&mrSmom yGm;&wJh w&m;jzpfygw,f/
b,fae&mrSmvJq, kd if yxrwke;f u ajymcJw h t
hJ wdik ;f arwåm u½kPm rk'w d mwdYk jzifh aqmif½u G Ef ikd w
f hJ
ae&mrSmom yGm;&ygw,f? b,fvv kd q
J ,kd if arwåm? u½kPm? rk'w d mudyk mG ;NyD; wwd,psmefukd &NyD;jzpfwo hJ [ l m
pwkwpå smefukd wufcsi,
f if 'DOayu©mudk yGm;rSom wufEikd yf gw,f? 'gaMumifh orxpsmefvrf;t&qdv k Qif 'Dae&mrSm
om yGm;&ygw,f/
avmua&;&mbufq, kd ifawmh wwfEikd v f Ykd ½,
dS if tjcm;olawG&UJ csrf;oma&;twGuf arwåm? u½kPm?
rk'w
d meJY tpGr;f ukef ulnaD qmif½u G &f ygw,f? 'gayr,fh b,fenf;eJYrQ ulnaD qmif½u G cf iG hf r½Sad wmhwhJ tajctae
usawmh 'DOayu©meJYbJ toift h wifh ESv;kH oGi;f &w,f? 'grS pdwo f ufom&m &Edik yf gw,f? Oyrm-aqGrsdK; rdwaf qG
jzpfwhJ vlwpfa,muf &mZ0wfreI YJ ta&;,lcaH e&w,f qdyk gawmh? tJ'u D pd rö mS wwfEikd rf ,fq, kd if tJ'v D l
vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf tpGr;f ukef aqmif½u G &f ygw,f? 'gayr,fh w&m;½Hak wmfu jypfrx I if½mS ;w,fqNkd yD; tqH;k owf
pD&ifcsuf csvdu k w
f t hJ cgusawmh arwåm? u½kPm? rk'w d meJY aqmif½u
G zf Ykd tcGit
hf a&;r½Sad wmhb;l ? olYuEH iS o hf b
l vJ Ykd
ESv;kH oGi;f zdYk om ½Sad wmhw,f? ,ckavmavmq,fq,frmS trItjypfr½Sb d ;l vdYk xif&ayr,fh olYrmS a½S;b0rsm;u ûycJw h hJ
raumif;rIuH ½Sad evdYk om cH&wmbJvYkd 'Dvo kd m ESv;kH oGi;f NyD; ajz&w,f? 'Dvakd jzrSbJ pdwo f ufom&m &Edik w f ,f/

'Dae&mrSm oufaoom"u wpfcu k kd xkwjf ycsiw


f ,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufawmf umvwke;f u om0w¬d
jynfrmS r[mumvqdw k hJ aomwmyef Oygoumwpfa,muf ½Sw d ,f? tJ'D Oygoum[m aZw0efausmif;awmfrmS
Oykyaf pmifnh tdyNf yD; w&m;emae&mu eHeufapmapmxNyD; aZw0efausmif;wdu k t
f 0u a&uefrmS rsuEf mS opfaew,f?
tJ'tD csderf mS olc;kd vdu
k zf rf;MuwJh vlwpfpu k r[mumv&JU teD;rSm olc;kd uypfcscw hJ hJ cd;k &mygypön;f ESiw
hf uG awGY&wJh
twGuf olukd olc;kd xifNyD; 0dik ;f ½du
k Mf uvdYk r[mumv Oygoum[m aoqH;k oGm;&½Smw,f/
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 15

tJ't
D csed rf mS &[ef;awmfrsm;u r[mumv[m Oykoaf pmifNh yD; ausmif;rSmbJ ntdyw f &m;emaewJh
olawmfaumif;pifppf jzpfygvsuef YJ olc;kd vdYk tpGcJ &H towfc&H wm[m roifah vsmw
f t
hJ aMumif; jrwfpmG bk&m;udk
avQmufMuw,f/

'Dawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;u ypöKyÜef tajctaet& roifah vsmaf omfvJ ol\ a½S;uHt&qdv
k Qifawmh oifah vsmfwhJ
taMumif; rdeYf awmfryl gw,f/

oifah vsmfyukH awmh 'Dvw kd ?hJ r[mumv[m wpfcak omb0wke;f u vrf;"m;jyawGaygrsm;wJh awmwpfc&k UJ
t0rSm awmpcef;apmift h &m½Sjd zpfcwhJ ,f? tJ'D awmpcef; jzwfoef;oGm;vdw
k chJ &D;onfukd wpfzufrS wpfzufta&muf
ab;&efuif;atmif oluapmifah ½SmufNyD; ydYk aqmifay;&w,f? wpfaeYaom tcgrSm vlwpfa,muf[m ½ky&f nftqif;
vSywJh ZeD;ESiw
hf uG vSn;f ,mOfuav;pD;NyD; tJ'aD wmpcef;udk a&mufvmw,f? awmpcef;apmifu h tJ'v D &l UJ ZeD;acsm
uav;udk vdck sifwmeJY olYtrd rf mS wpfntdyaf pNyD;awmh aemufwpf&uf c&D;xGuw f t
hJ cgrSm ]]ywåjrm;aysmufw,f?
rouFmbl;}} qdNk yD; tJ'v D n
S ;f udk ½SmazGppfaq;w,f? apmapmu olY[mol xnfx h m;wJh ywåjrm;udk awGY&wJt h cgrSm
olu tJ'cD &D;onfukd ywåjrm;olc;kd vdYk pGcJ sufwifNyD; owfcw
hJ ,f/

tJ'rD aumif;rIuaH Mumifh r[mumv tavmif;awmpcef;apmif[ h m tJ'b


D 0u aowJt h cg t0DpiD &JrmS
usa&mufNyD; ½Snjf rifph mG aom umvywfv;kH i&J'u k a© wGukd tBuD;tus,fcpH m;cJ&h w,f? i&Jrv S w
G jf yefawmhvJ tJ'D
uH<uif;aMumifh b0wpf&mwdik w f ikd f 'DykH 'Denf;jzifh olc;kd vdYk tpGcJ &H NyD; towfccH &hJ w,f? 'gaMumifh a½S;b0u
&uf&ufpufpuf ûycJw h hJ olYraumif;rI uHt&qdv k Qiaf wmh olc;kd xifNyD; r[mumv towfc&H wm[m oifah vsmf
xdu
k wf efvyS gw,fvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m;u ½Si;f vif;a[mMum;awmfryl gw,f/

'g[m tjypfr½Sb d J cH&w,fvYkd xif&oltwGuf olYueH YJ ob


l v
J Ykd ESv;kH oGi;f oifw
h ,fvYkd qd&k mrSm oufao
om"u wpfcyk gbJ? 'Dvo
kd m"u0w¬KawGuawmh trsm;BuD;½Syd gw,f/

'Dvakd e&mrS ,ckajymcJw h t


hJ wdik ;f olYueH YJ olbv J Ykd toifth wifh ESv;kH roGi;f bJ rsujf rifavmufomMunfNh yD;
]]rnfol rnf0gawGu rw&m;vkyw f ,f? rw&m;ESyd pf ufw,f? tEdik u f sifw
h ,f}} ponfjzifh tjypfwifaer,f
qd,k ifawmh olwpfyg;udk jypfrmS ;wJh a'gotukov kd af wGvJ jzpfymG ;r,f? pdwx f rJ mS rcHomwJh pdwqf if;&JawGvJ
rsm;pGmjzpfr,f? olYueH YJ ob l v
J Ykd Oayu©mjzifh vspfvsL½Ivu kd ,f ifawmh tJ't
D ukov kd af wG pdwqf if;&JawG[m tukev f ;kH
Nidr;f NyD; pdwaf t;csrf;jcif; okcudk &Edik yf gw,f/

aemufNyD;awmh 'DOayu©meJY w&m;rQwpGm ESv;kH oGi;f wm[m w&m;olBuD;rsm; twGuq f ,


kd ifvJ tHusuu kd Nf yD;
tvGeyf ifoifah vsmyf gw,f? w&m;olBuD;rsm;[m w&m;vdek YJ w&m;cH rnfoYl urkd Quu G Nf yD; arwåm u½kPm rk'w d mjzifh
tcGit
hf a&;ray;oifb h ;l ? 'Dvu l kd csr;f omapcsiw f ,f? [dv k ul kd oem;w,f? a[m'Dvu l akd wmh csr;f omNrJ csr;f om
apcsifw,fqNkd yD; wpfzufowf tcGit hf a&; ay;vduk ,f if qE´m*wdEiS hf arm[*wd wpfcck k jzpfomG ;vdrrhf ,f?
'gaMumifh olYtrIueH YJ olbv J Ykd vspfvsL½INyD; trIreS t
f wdik ;f w&m;rQwpGm jzpfatmifom bufrvdu k b
f J ppfaq;
aqmif½uG of ifyh gw,f? 'Dvv kd J aqmif½u G af eMuw,fvYkd vJ Mum;od&ygw,f? 'gaMumif'h OD ayu©m[m w&m;pD&if&mrSm
vJ tvGeo f ifah vsmf w,fvYkd rSw, f o
l ifyh gw,f/

trSepf ifppfawmh Oayu©m bm0emqdw k m arwåm u½kPm rk'w d mjzifh wwd,psmefukd &NyD;rS pwkwp¬ smef&zdYk
yGm;rsm;&wJwh &m;jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh Oayu©mudyk mG ;,if ckeu ajymcJw h t hJ wdik ;f tjypfuif;NyD; pdwo f ufom&mvJ
&Edik yf gw,f? yg&rDuo k vkd Jf jzpfymG ;Edik yf gw,f? 'gaMumifh (u½kPm rk'w d myGm;yHk a[mwke;f uvdb k )J Mo"do
taem"do 'domz&Penf;rsm;jzifh Oayu©mudv k J yGm;rsm;vdu k Mf uOD;pdYk ? bke;f BuD;u toHxw k f ½Gwq f Nkd yD; yGm;rsm;r,f?
w&m;emaewJh "r®rmru yk*Kd¾ vfawGtm;vH;k uvJ pdwef YJ vu kd Nf yD; Oayu©mudyk mG ;Muyg/

tm;vH;k owå0gawG ud, k t


hf rIuo
H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

tm;vH;k touf½o dS al wG ud,


k t
hf rIuo
H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 16

tm;vH;k xif½mS ;jzpfoal wG ud, k t


hf rIuo
H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

tm;vH;k yk*Kd¾ vfawG ud, k t


hf rIuo
H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

tm;vH;k cE¨mud,
k f twåabm½So d al wG
ud,
k t
hf rIuoH mvQif ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

'gu taem"do Oayu©m 5-yg;wJh/

tm;vH;k trsdK;orD;awG ud, k thf rIuo


H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

tm;vH;k trsdK;om;awG ud, k t hf rIuo


H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

tm;vH;k t&d,myk*Kd¾ vfawG ud, k t


hf rIuo
H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

tm;vH;k ykxZk OfawG ud, k t


hf rIuo
H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

tm;vH;k ewfjA[®mawG ud, k t hf rIuo


H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

tm;vH;k vlom;awG ud, k t


hf rIuo
H mvQif
ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

tm;vH;k tyg,fbo
kH l tyg,fb;kH om;awG
ud,
k t
hf rIuo
H mvQif ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;/

'gu Mo"doOayu©m 7-yg;wJh? ckeu 5-yg;eJYaygif;vdu


k ,
f if Oayu©m 12-yg; jzpfygw,f/

'Denf;twdik ;f bJ ]]ta½SYt&yfu tm;vH;k owå0gawG ud, k t


hf rIuo
H mvQif ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;}}
ponfjzifh wl½t l &yfu 4-rsufEmS ? taxmift h &yfu 4-rsufEmS ? atmuft&yfu wpfrsufEmS ? txuft&yfu
wpfrsufEmS qdw k hJ t&yfq,frsufEmS rSmvJ Oayu©m 12-yg;pDymG ;Edik yf gw,f? tJ'gawGu wpfq,f 12-vDq f akd wmh
Oayu©m 120 jzpfygw,f? tJ'D 120-uawmh t&yfrsuEf mS eJY jzefYwmrdYk 'domz&P Oayu©mvdYk ac:w,f? yxr
yGm;cJw
h hJ taem"do? Mo"doOayu©m 12-yg;eJY aygif;vdu k ,
f if Oayu©maygif; 132-yg;jzpfygw,f? tJ'gawG[m
0do'k rd¨ *fusr;f rSm jyxm;wJh arwåmyGm;yHrk S enf;rSND yD;jywJh Oayu©m yGm;yHak wG ygbJ/

'DOayu©m 132-yg; yGm;yHak wG[m trSepf ifppfuawmh 'DOayu©mur®|mef;eJY pwkwp¬ smefukd &NyD;rS
psmefupm;wJh tjcif;t&mawGom jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh ]]owå0gawG ud, k thf rIuH omvQif ud,
k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uw,f}}
vdYk tzefzef ESv;kH oGi;f ae,if raumif;rIukd a½SmifMuOfvw kd hJ pdwaf wGvJ jzpfr,f? aumif;rIukd ûyvdw k hJ pdwaf wGvJ
jzpfr,f? aumif;rIukd ûyvdw k hJ pdwaf wGvJ xufoefvmr,f? 'gaMumifh psmefr&bJeYJ 'DOayu©mudyk mG ;wm [mvJ
tjypfuif;NyD; ukov kd w
f &m;yGm;rsm;jcif; tusdK;½Syd gw,f/

aemufNyD;awmh tm;vH;k uHw&m;twdik ;f bJvYkd ESv;kH oGi;f aewJt


h wGuf r&Edik w
f hJ tcGit
hf a&; arQmfvifah wmifwh
jcif;vJ uif;r,f? tqifrajywm½S, d ifvJ uHw&m;twdik ;f bJvYkd qifjcifNyD; pdwof ufom&m&r,f? aemufNyD;awmh ewf
odMum; jA[®m *dPk ;f q&mpaom olwpfyg;udk tm;rud;k bJ BuD;yGm;csr;f om&ef enf;vrf;rSejf zpfwhJ tvkyt f udik u
f o
kd m
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; 17

tm;udk;NyD;awmhvJ vkyfudkifr,f? 'Dvdk vyk uf ikd w f t


hJ wGuf rsufarSmufrmS vJ pD;yGm;OpömawG &oGm;Edik yf gw,f? 'gaMumifh
tbdPmS okwrf mS jrwfpmG bk&m;u ud,k u hf ,
kd uf v kd J 'Denf;twkid ;f qifjcifzYkd nTeMf um;awmfrcl yhJ gw,f/

]]ighrmS uHomvQif ud,


k yf ikd Of pöm ½Sw
d ,f? uH\tarGcH
jzpfw,f? uHomvQif csr;f omzdYk qif;&JzYkd taMumif;½Swd ,f?
uHomvQif aqGrsdK;tppf½w dS ,f? uHomvQif tm;ud;k &m ½Sw d ,f?
aumif;rI uHukd ûyvQif aumif;usKd ;tarG cHp&H r,f? raumif;rI
uHukd ûyvQif raumif;usdK;tarGq;kd udk cHpm;&r,fvYkd tzefwvJ
vJ qifjcifygwJh/}}

'gaMumifh ,ck rdru


d ,
kd w
f ikd yf g wpfavmuvH;k u owå0gawGukd tm½Hûk yNyD; Oayu©mufk yGm;vdu
k Mf uOD;pdYk /

wpfavmuvH;k ½Sd owå0gtm;vH;k [m ud, k t hf rIuo H mvQif ud, k yf ikd Of pöm ½SMd uygwum;? 'DOayu©muH yGm;rsm;
jcif;jzifh ud,
k t
hf rIuu
H o
kd m tm;ud;k NyD; ukov
kd u
f u
H kd ûypkymG ;rsm;Edik Mf uygap/

pD;yGm;csr;f omjzpfaMumif; tvkyt


f udik w
f Ykd uv
kd J êud;pm;tm;xkwf ûyvkyEf ikd Mf uygap/

xdo
k YkdûyvkyEf ikd jf cif;aMumifh rsuaf rSmuf oHo&mESpjf zmvH;k ü tvd½k t
dS yfaom avmuD avmukw&å m aumif;usKd ;
csrf;om r*Fvmtaygif;wdYk EiS hf jynfph MkH uygap/

om"k om"k om"k/


pwkw¬ydkif; NyD;\/

aus;Zl;awmf½Sif r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;\
jA[®pdk&fw&m;awmfBuD; NyD;\/

jA[®pdk&fw&m;

1/ jA[®p&kd w
f &m;qdw
k m arwåm? u½kPm? rk'w
d m? Oayu©mqdw
k hJ 'Dw&m;av;yg;ygbJ/
2/ arwåmqdwk m olrsm;twGuv f J ud,
k v
f b
kd J csrf;omcsifMuayvdrrhf ,fvYkd ud,
k cf sif;pmNyD;wmh olwpfyg;
awGukd csrf;omapvdw
k hJ oabmygbJ/

3/ u½kPmqdw
k m ud,k ahf tmufuvlawG 'kua© &mufae½SmMuwJh olawGukd ud,
k cf sif;pmw&m;eJY oem;Muifem
wJh oabmygbJ/

4/ rk'w
d mqdw
k m ud,
k t
hf xufuvlawG ud, k x
hf ufjynfpckH srf;omwJh olawGukd csrf;omNrJ csrf;omMuygapvdYk
0rf;ajrmufMunfompGm ESv;kH oGi;f wJh oabmygbJ/

5/ Oayu©mqdw
k m owå0gawG[m rdrw d Ykd u,
kd w
f ikd ûf yvkyx
f m;wJh trIut
H m;avsmfpmG jzpfaeMu&wmbJvYkd
bufrvdu
k bf J rQrQww ESv;kH oGi;f wJh oabmygbJ/

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